Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| Differential pulmonary transcriptomic profiles in murine lungs infected with low and highly virulent influenza H3N2 viruses reveal dysregulation of TREM1 signaling, cytokines, and chemokines. | Investigating the relationships between critical influenza viral mutations contributing to increased virulence and host expression factors will shed light on the process of severe pathogenesis from the systems biology perspective. We previously generated a mouse-adapted, highly virulent influenza (HVI) virus through serial lung-to-lung passaging of a human influenza H3N2 virus strain that causes low virulent influenza (LVI) in murine lungs. This HVI virus is characterized by enhanced replication ... | 2011 | 21874528 |
| the m segment of the 2009 new pandemic h1n1 influenza virus is critical for its high transmission efficiency in the guinea pig model. | a remarkable feature of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus is its efficient transmissibility in humans compared to that of precursor strains from the triple-reassortant swine influenza virus lineage, which cause only sporadic infections in humans. the viral components essential for this phenotype have not been fully elucidated. in this study, we aimed to determine the viral factors critical for aerosol transmission of the 2009 pandemic virus. single or multiple segment reassortments were mad ... | 2011 | 21880744 |
| Contribution of murine innate serum inhibitors toward interference within influenza virus immune assays. | Please cite this paper as: Cwach et al. (2011) Contribution of murine innate serum inhibitors toward interference within influenza virus immune assays. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00283.x. Background Prior to detection of an antibody response toward influenza viruses using the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI), sera are routinely treated to inactivate innate inhibitors using both heat inactivation (56°C) and recombinant neuraminidase [receptor-des ... | 2011 | 21883963 |
| Rapid detection and subtyping of human influenza A viruses and reassortants by pyrosequencing. | Given the continuing co-circulation of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A viruses with seasonal H3N2 viruses, rapid and reliable detection of newly emerging influenza reassortant viruses is important to enhance our influenza surveillance. | 2011 | 21886790 |
| evolutionary pathways of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in the uk. | the emergence of the influenza (h1n1) 2009 virus provided a unique opportunity to study the evolution of a pandemic virus following its introduction into the human population. virological and clinical surveillance in the uk were comprehensive during the first and second waves of the pandemic in 2009, with extensive laboratory confirmation of infection allowing a detailed sampling of representative circulating viruses. we sequenced the complete coding region of the haemagglutinin (ha) segment of ... | 2011 | 21887318 |
| [High-yield reassortant virus containing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of pandemic influenza A/Moscowl/01/2009 (H1N1) virus]. | The crossing of influenza A/Moscow/01/2009 (H1N1) virus and reassortant strain X31 (H3N2) containing the genes of internal and non-structural proteins of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain gave rise to reassortant virus ReM8. The reassortant contained hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of pandemic 2009 influenza virus and 6 genes of high-yield A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain. The reassortant ReM8 produced higher yields in the embryonated chicken eggs than the parent pandemic virus, a ... | 2011 | 21899062 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h3n2) virus infection in two children--indiana and pennsylvania, july-august 2011. | influenza a viruses are endemic in many animal species, including humans, swine, and wild birds, and sporadic cases of transmission of influenza a viruses between humans and animals do occur, including human infections with avian-origin influenza a viruses (i.e., h5n1 and h7n7) and swine-origin influenza a viruses (i.e., h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2). genetic analysis can distinguish animal origin influenza viruses from the seasonal human influenza viruses that circulate widely and cause annual epidemic ... | 2011 | 21900876 |
| temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection. | exposure to influenza viruses is necessary, but not sufficient, for healthy human hosts to develop symptomatic illness. the host response is an important determinant of disease progression. in order to delineate host molecular responses that differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection, we inoculated 17 healthy adults with live influenza (h3n2/wisconsin) and examined changes in host peripheral blood gene expression at 16 timepoints over 132 hours. here we present distinct tra ... | 2011 | 21901105 |
| avian glycan-specific igm monoclonal antibodies for the detection and quantitation of type a and b haemagglutinins in egg-derived influenza vaccines. | two igm monoclonal antibodies (mabs), y6f5 and y13f9, were selected during a screening of clones obtained immunising balb/c mice with purified envelop proteins of the a/sydney/5/97 (h3n2) ivr108 influenza strain. these mabs recognised avian glycans on the haemagglutinin (ha) of the virus. this broad recognition allowed these mabs to be used as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody reagents in a strain specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in combination with a capture mab that recognis ... | 2011 | 21907241 |
| development of diva (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines utilizing heterologous na and ns1 protein strategies for the control of triple reassortant h3n2 influenza in turkeys. | since 2003, triple reassortant (tr) swine h3n2 influenza viruses containing gene segments from human, avian, and swine origins have been detected in the u.s. turkey populations. the initial outbreak that occurred involved birds that were vaccinated with the currently available h3 swine- and avian-origin influenza vaccines. antigenically, all turkey swine-lineage tr h3n2 isolates are closely related to each other but show little or no antigenic cross-reactivity with the avian origin or swine orig ... | 2011 | 21907751 |
| anticipating the species jump: surveillance for emerging viral threats. | zoonotic disease surveillance is typically triggered after animal pathogens have already infected humans. are there ways to identify high-risk viruses before they emerge in humans? if so, then how and where can identifications be made and by what methods? these were the fundamental questions driving a workshop to examine the future of predictive surveillance for viruses that might jump from animals to infect humans. virologists, ecologists and computational biologists from academia, federal gove ... | 2011 | 21914152 |
| the dba.2 mouse is susceptible to disease following infection with a broad, but limited, range of influenza a and b viruses. | we assessed the relative susceptibilities to disease of the dba.2 and c57bl/6 mouse models upon infection with a range of influenza a and b viruses. dba.2 mice were more susceptible to disease upon inoculation with human h1n1 influenza a virus strains, several swine influenza viruses, and influenza b viruses but were not overtly susceptible to infection with human seasonal h3n2 strains. hemagglutination inhibition and immunoglobulin isotype profiling indicated that dba.2 and c57bl/6 mice generat ... | 2011 | 21917963 |
| Host genetic background and the innate inflammatory response of lung to influenza virus. | Many studies of influenza severity have focused on viral properties that confer virulence, whereas the contributory role of the host genetic background on infection severity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we measure the impact of inoculation with influenza virus in four strains of inbred mice - BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J, A/J, and DBA/2J. To evaluate the extent to which responses are inherent to lung per se, as opposed to effects of the systemic response to lung infection, we also measured ... | 2012 | 21920449 |
| Burden of the 1999-2008 seasonal influenza epidemics in Italy: comparison with the H1N1v (A/California/07/09) pandemic. | Despite preventive efforts, seasonal influenza epidemics are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality every year worldwide, including developed countries. The A/H1N1v pandemic imposed a considerable healthcare and economic burden. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the economic burden of influenza, and hence to guide policymakers effectively, systematic studies are necessary. To this end, data from epidemiological surveillance are essential. To estimate the impact of the 1999- ... | 2011 | 21922688 |
| In vitro and in vivo efficacy of fluorodeoxycytidine analogs against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, seasonal, and pandemic H1N1 virus infections. | Various fluorodeoxyribonucleosides were evaluated for their antiviral activities against influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo. Among the most potent inhibitors was 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine (2'-FdC). It inhibited various strains of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses, pandemic H1N1 viruses, an oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus, and seasonal influenza viruses (H3N2, H1N1, influenza B) in MDCK cells, with the 90% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.13 to ... | 2011 | 21925541 |
| receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block replication of influenza a and other viruses. | we have previously reported that two receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (rtkis), called ag879 and tyrphostin a9 (a9), can each block the replication of influenza a virus in cultured cells. in this study, we further characterized the in vitro antiviral efficacies and specificities of these agents. the 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) of each against influenza a was found to be in the high nanomolar range, and the selectivity index (si = 50% cytotoxic concentration [cc(50)]/ec(50)) was determ ... | 2011 | 21930873 |
| Genetic structure of human A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza virus on Corsica Island: phylogenetic analysis and vaccine strain match, 2006-2010. | The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic patterns of Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of influenza A strains circulating on Corsica Island during the 2006-2009 epidemic seasons and the 2009-2010 pandemic season. | 2011 | 21935413 |
| Assessment of the antiviral properties of recombinant porcine SP-D against various influenza A viruses in vitro. | The emergence of influenza viruses resistant to existing classes of antiviral drugs raises concern and there is a need for novel antiviral agents that could be used therapeutically or prophylacticaly. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) belongs to the family of C-type lectins which are important effector molecules of the innate immune system with activity against bacteria and viruses, including influenza viruses. In the present study we evaluated the potential of recombinant porcine SP-D as an antiviral ... | 2011 | 21935489 |
| immunopathogenic and antibacterial effects of h3n2 influenza a virus pb1-f2 map to amino acid residues 62, 75, 79, and 82. | the influenza a virus protein pb1-f2 has been linked to the pathogenesis of both primary viral and secondary bacterial infections. h3n2 viruses have historically expressed full-length pb1-f2 proteins with either proinflammatory (e.g., from influenza a/hong kong/1/1968 virus) or noninflammatory (e.g., from influenza a/wuhan/359/1995 virus) properties. using synthetic peptides derived from the active c-terminal portion of the pb1-f2 protein from those two viruses, we mapped the proinflammatory dom ... | 2011 | 21937639 |
| Antigenic variability in Neuraminidase protein of Influenza A/H3N2 vaccine strains (1968 - 2009). | Antigenic drift and shift involving the surface proteins of Influenza virus gave rise to new strains that caused epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide over the last hundred years. Variations in the membrane proteins like Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) necessitates new vaccine strains to be updated frequently and poses challenge to effective vaccine design. Though the HA protein, the primary target of the human immune system, has been well studied, reports on the antigenic v ... | 2011 | 21938209 |
| A practical synthesis of zanamivir phosphonate congeners with potent anti-influenza activity. | Two phosphonate compounds 1a (4-amino-1-phosphono-DANA) and 1b (phosphono-zanamivir) are synthesized and shown more potent than zanamivir against the neuraminidases of avian and human influenza viruses, including the oseltamivir-resistant strains. For the first time, the practical synthesis of these phosphonate compounds is realized by conversion of sialic acid to peracetylated phosphono-DANA diethyl ester (5) as a key intermediate in three steps by a novel approach. In comparison with zanamivir ... | 2011 | 21942552 |
| History of Swine Influenza Viruses in Asia. | The pig is one of the main hosts of influenza A viruses and plays important roles in shaping the current influenza ecology. The occurrence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus demonstrated that pigs could independently facilitate the genesis of a pandemic influenza strain. Genetic analyses revealed that this virus was derived by reassortment between at least two parent swine influenza viruses (SIV), from the northern American triple reassortant H1N2 (TR) and European avian-like H1N1 (EA) li ... | 2011 | 21948002 |
| safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children with cancer. | the safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) has not been compared to that of the standard trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv) in children with cancer. | 2011 | 21949042 |
| transmission of aerosolized seasonal h1n1 influenza a to ferrets. | influenza virus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet little quantitative understanding of transmission is available to guide evidence-based public health practice. recent studies of influenza non-contact transmission between ferrets and guinea pigs have provided insights into the relative transmission efficiencies of pandemic and seasonal strains, but the infecting dose and subsequent contagion has not been quantified for most strains. in order to measure the aerosol infect ... | 2011 | 21949718 |
| cross-protective peptide vaccine against influenza a viruses developed in hla-a*2402 human immunity model. | the virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) induction is an important target for the development of a broadly protective human influenza vaccine, since most ctl epitopes are found on internal viral proteins and relatively conserved. in this study, the possibility of developing a strain/subtype-independent human influenza vaccine was explored by taking a bioinformatics approach to establish an immunogenic hla-a24 restricted ctl epitope screening system in hla-transgenic mice. | 2011 | 21949735 |
| in vitro generation of influenza-specific polyfunctional cd4(+) t cells suitable for adoptive immunotherapy. | abstract background aims. influenza viruses cause potentially fatal respiratory infections in stem cell transplant patients. specific t cells provide long-lived host adaptive immunity to influenza viruses, and the potential for generating such cells for clinical use was investigated. methods. the inactivated influenza vaccine (fluvax) approved for human use was used as the antigen source. monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with fluvax were used to stimulate autologous peripheral blood mon ... | 2011 | 21954837 |
| multisite virological influenza surveillance in india: 2004-2008. | please cite this paper as: chadha et al. (2011) multi site virological influenza surveillance in india: 2004-2008. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00293.x. background influenza surveillance is important to identify circulating, emerging/reemerging strains and unusual epidemiological trends. with these objectives, a multisite human influenza surveillance network was initiated in india in 2004. methods epidemiologic data and throat swabs for laboratory testi ... | 2011 | 21955356 |
| genetic relationship of h3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks and wild birds in korea and their pathogenic potential in chickens and ducks. | the h3 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) is one of the most frequently isolated subtypes in domestic ducks, live poultry markets, and wild birds in korea. in 2002-2009, a total of 45 h3 subtype aivs were isolated from the feces of clinically normal domestic ducks (n=28) and wild birds (n=17). the most prevalent subtypes in domestic ducks were h3n2 (35.7%), h3n6 (35.7%), h3n8 (25.0%), and h3n1 (3.6%, novel subtype in domestic duck in korea). in contrast, h3n8 (70.6%) is the most prevalent subty ... | 2011 | 21955449 |
| Influenza vaccination in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: efficacy and safety. | Please cite this paper as: Tavana et al. (2011) Influenza vaccination in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: efficacy and safety. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00290.x. Background Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The role of cellular and humoral immune systems in this disease is unclear, whereas dysregulation of the immune system is suggested. Patients with sarcoidosis show diverse responses while exposed to var ... | 2011 | 21955954 |
| Pandemic and seasonal human influenza virus infections in domestic cats: prevalence, association with respiratory disease, and seasonality patterns. | Domestic cats have several features that make them ideal vehicles for interspecies transmission of influenza viruses; however, they have been largely overlooked as potential reservoirs or bridging hosts. In this study, we conducted serological surveillance to assess the prevalence of novel pandemic H1N1 as well as seasonal human influenza virus infections in domestic cats in Ohio. Four hundred serum samples collected from domestic cats (September 2009 to September 2010) were tested using a hemag ... | 2011 | 21956989 |
| interaction of porcine conventional dendritic cells with swine influenza virus. | swine influenza virus (swiv) causes sub-acute or acute respiratory infections on swine farms and pigs can act as "mixing vessels" for new influenza strains. knowledge of the immune response of swiv in its natural host, pigs, is very limited. dendritic cells (dcs) mediate the induction of immunity to pathogens, but their interaction with swiv has not been fully characterized. thus, porcine bone marrow derived dcs (pobmdcs) were exposed to a circulating strain of h3n2 swiv in vitro. infection of p ... | 2011 | 21962444 |
| Laninamivir octanoate: a new long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of influenza. | Oseltamivir and zanamivir are well-established and well-researched drugs for the treatment of influenza in Japan and the rest of the world. A new neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, has been approved for use in Japanese clinics. Laninamivir octanoate is an inhaled drug with unique characteristics. The inhaled laninamivir octanoate is converted into its active form, laninamivir, in the lungs where a high concentration persists for a long period of time. The concentration of laninamivi ... | 2011 | 21973296 |
| A plant-based system for rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens. | Please cite this paper as: Shoji et al. (2011) A plant-based system for rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00295.x. Background Influenza virus is a globally important respiratory pathogen that causes a high degree of annual morbidity and mortality. Significant antigenic drift results in emergence of new, potentially pandemic, virus variants. The best prophylactic option for controlling emerging virus strains is t ... | 2011 | 21974811 |
| Revisiting the 1976 "swine flu" vaccine clinical trials: cross-reactive hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antibodies and their role in protection against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus in mice. | The 2009 H1N1 pandemic viruses are genetically similar to A/New Jersey/76 H1N1 virus (NJ/76), the strain selected for the 1976 "swine flu" vaccines. Approximately 45 million people in the United States were vaccinated against NJ/76 30 years ago, but the impact of this nationwide immunization on the current pandemic is largely unknown. | 2011 | 21976461 |
| Dose-Response Assessment for Influenza A Virus Based on Data Sets of Infection with its Live Attenuated Reassortants. | Reported data sets on infection of volunteers challenged with wild-type influenza A virus at graded doses are few. Alternatively, we aimed at developing a dose-response assessment for this virus based on the data sets for its live attenuated reassortants. Eleven data sets for live attenuated reassortants that were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential dose-response models. Dose-response relationships for those reassortants were characterized by pooling analysis of the data sets with respect to vir ... | 2011 | 21977924 |
| Antibody responses and cross protection against lethal influenza A viruses differ between the sexes in C57BL/6 mice. | A mouse model was used to determine if protective immunity to influenza A virus infection differs between the sexes. The median lethal dose of H1N1 or H3N2 was lower for naïve females than males. After a sublethal, primary infection with H1N1 or H3N2, females and males showed a similar transient morbidity, but females generated more neutralizing and total anti-influenza A virus antibodies. Immunized males and females showed similar protection against secondary challenge with a homologous virus, ... | 2011 | 21983155 |
| FluReF, an automated flu virus reassortment finder based on phylogenetic trees. | Reassortments are events in the evolution of the genome of influenza (flu), whereby segments of the genome are exchanged between different strains. As reassortments have been implicated in major human pandemics of the last century, their identification has become a health priority. While such identification can be done "by hand" on a small dataset, researchers and health authorities are building up enormous databases of genomic sequences for every flu strain, so that it is imperative to develop ... | 2011 | 21989112 |
| genetic evolution of low pathogenecity h9n2 avian influenza viruses in tunisia: acquisition of new mutations. | since the end of 2009, h9n2 has emerged in tunisia causing several epidemics in poultry industry resulting in major economic losses. to monitor variations of influenza viruses during the outbreaks, tunisian h9n2 virus isolates were identified and genetically characterized. | 2011 | 21992186 |
| Clinical and socioeconomic impact of different types and subtypes of seasonal influenza viruses in children during influenza seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. | There are few and debated data regarding possible differences in the clinical presentations of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses in children. This study evaluates the clinical presentation and socio-economic impact of laboratory-confirmed influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 or B infection in children attending an Emergency Room because of influenza-like illness. | 2011 | 21992699 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility testing in human influenza viruses: a laboratory surveillance perspective. | neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) are vital in managing seasonal and pandemic influenza infections. nai susceptibilities of virus isolates (n = 5540) collected during the 2008-2009 influenza season were assessed in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assay. box-and-whisker plot analyses of log-transformed ic(50)s were performed for each virus type/subtype and nai to identify outliers which were characterized based on a statistical cutoff of ic(50) >3 interquartile ranges (iqr) from ... | 2010 | 21994620 |
| genetic characterization of h1n2 influenza a virus isolated from sick pigs in southern china in 2010. | in china h3n2 and h1n1 swine influenza viruses have been circulating for many years. in january 2010, before swine were infected with foot and mouth disease in guangdong, some pigs have shown flu-like symptoms: cough, sneeze, runny nose and fever. we collected the nasopharyngeal swab of all sick pigs as much as possible. one subtype h1n2 influenza viruses were isolated from the pig population. the complete genome of one isolate, designated a/swine/guangdong/1/2010(h1n2), was sequenced and compar ... | 2011 | 21995516 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a hospitalized adult with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) mimicking influenza a and pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (pcp). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised hosts, but rsv is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in hospitalized adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in patients with hiv, cap is most frequently attributable to the usual bacterial respiratory pathogens that cause cap in immunocompetent hosts, eg, streptococcuspneumoniae or hemophilus influenzae. adults with hiv are a ... | 2012 | 22005289 |
| emergence of a new swine h3n2 and pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza a virus reassortant in two canadian animal populations, mink and swine. | a swine h3n2 (swh3n2) and pandemic (h1n1) 2009 (ph1n1) influenza a virus reassortant (swh3n2/ph1n1) was detected in canadian swine at the end of 2010. simultaneously, a similar virus was also detected in canadian mink based on partial viral genome sequencing. the origin of the new swh3n2/ph1n1 viral genes was related to the north american swh3n2 triple-reassortant cluster iv (for hemagglutinin [ha] and neuraminidase [na] genes) and to ph1n1 for all the other genes (m, np, ns, pb1, pb2, and pa). ... | 2011 | 22012020 |
| Antiviral activity of arbidol, a broad-spectrum drug for use against respiratory viruses, varies according to test conditions. | The therapeutic activity of arbidol was investigated against representatives of seven different virus families. Its 50% median effective concentration (EC(50) ) was 0.22-11.8?µg/ml (0.41-22?nM). Therapeutic indices of 91 were obtained for type 1 poliovirus and 1.9-8.5 for influenza A and B, human paramyxo-3, avian infectious bronchitis-, and Marek's disease viruses. Arbidol was more inhibitory for influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus than rimantadine or amantadine (EC(50) 10 vs. >15 and >31.6?µg/ ... | 2012 | 22028179 |
| molecular and antigenic evolution of human influenza a/h3n2 viruses in quebec, canada, 2009-2011. | a/h3n2 variability leads to poor vaccine effectiveness when the vaccine strain is not well matched to the circulating virus. | 2012 | 22036039 |
| inefficient splicing of segment 7 and 8 mrnas is an inherent property of influenza virus a/brevig mission/1918/1 (h1n1) that causes elevated expression of ns1 protein. | influenza a virus encodes two segments (7 and 8) that produce mrnas that can be spliced. we have investigated if naturally occurring sequence polymorphisms in the influenza a virus family affects splicing of these viral mrnas, as that could potentially alter the ns1/ns2- and/or m1/m2-protein ratios. we compared splicing efficiency of segment 7 and 8 mrnas of a/brevig mission/1918/1 (h1n1) and a/netherlands/178/95 (h3n2), as well as various h5n1 avian strains. results revealed that both segment 7 ... | 2012 | 22036312 |
| prevalence of antibodies against seasonal influenza a and b viruses during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza seasons in residents of pittsburgh, pa, usa. | seroprevalence of antibodies against influenza viruses from 1000 people between the ages of 0 to 90 years of age (100 samples for each decade of life) in the pittsburgh, pa, usa was measured. one year removed from the outbreak of novel h1n1 influenza into the human population in the northern hemisphere and following the emergence of a new h3n2 influenza isolate, sera was collected to determine the hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b viruses representati ... | 2011 | 22037352 |
| Patterns of predicted T-cell epitopes associated with antigenic drift in influenza H3N2 hemagglutinin. | Antigenic drift allowing escape from neutralizing antibodies is an important feature of transmission and survival of influenza viruses in host populations. Antigenic drift has been studied in particular detail for influenza A H3N2 and well defined antigenic clusters of this virus documented. We examine how host immunogenetics contributes to determination of the antibody spectrum, and hence the immune pressure bringing about antigenic drift. Using uTOPE™ bioinformatics analysis of predicted MHC b ... | 2011 | 22039539 |
| [Study on the mutations within the whole genome of influenza virus subtype A/H3N2 strains circulated in Zhejiang province from 1998 to 2009]. | To analyze the consistency of evolution condition between HA gene and the whole genome of influenza virus subtype A/H3N2 strains isolated in Zhejiang province from 1998 to 2009, and to study the potential antigenic region on the whole genome. | 2011 | 22041565 |
| dual infection of novel influenza viruses a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 in a cluster of cambodian patients. | during the early months of 2009, a novel influenza a/h1n1 virus (ph1n1) emerged in mexico and quickly spread across the globe. in october 2009, a 23-year-old male residing in central cambodia was diagnosed with ph1n1. subsequently, a cluster of four influenza-like illness cases developed involving three children who resided in his home and the children's school teacher. base composition analysis of internal genes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization m ... | 2011 | 22049058 |
| Intranasal administration of a flagellin-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine enhances mucosal immune responses to protect mice against lethal infection. | The influenza virus, a mucosal pathogen that infects the respiratory tract, is a major global health issue. There have been attempts to mucosally administer inactivated influenza vaccines to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, mucosally administered inactivated influenza vaccine has low immunogenicity, which is partially due to the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is a prerequisite to the practical use of a mu ... | 2012 | 22051136 |
| Phosphatidylglycerol Suppresses Influenza A Virus Infection. | Influenza A virus (IAV) is a worldwide public health problem causing 500,000 deaths each year. Palmitoyl-oleoyl-phophatidylglycerol (POPG) is a minor component of pulmonary surfactant, which has recently been reported to exert potent regulatory functions upon the innate immune system. In this report we demonstrate that POPG acts as a strong anti-viral agent against IAV. POPG markedly attenuated IL-8 production and cell death induced by IAV in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. The lip ... | 2011 | 22052877 |
| Boosting Heterosubtypic Neutralization Antibodies in Recipients of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccine. | Background. A mass vaccination has been implemented to prevent the spread of 2009 pandemic influenza virus in China. Highly limited information is available on whether this vaccine induces cross-reactive neutralization antibodies against other subtypes of influenza viruses. Methods. We employed pseudovirus-based assays to analyze heterosubtypic neutralization responses in serum samples of 23 recipients of 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine. Results. One dose of pandemic vaccine not only stimulated ... | 2012 | 22052887 |
| Identification of novel virus inhibitors by influenza A virus specific reporter cell based screening. | As influenza viruses have developed resistance towards current drugs, it is urgent to find potential novel antiviral inhibitors. Here we generated an influenza virus reporter cell line in which the luciferase gene was driven by the influenza virus promoter and screened a small compound library (NCI Diversity Set II). Ten compounds were identified to have inhibitory activity against influenza A virus H1N1. Among them, four compounds blocked influenza virus replication through inhibiting the activ ... | 2012 | 22057306 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine in healthy korean children: a randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, phase iii study. | we report results of a randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, phase iii study conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine (gc501) manufactured by the green cross corporation in korea. a total of 283 healthy children aged 6 months to < 18 yr were randomized to receive either gc501 or control. of the gc501 recipients, seroconversion occurred in 48.5% for a/h1n1, 67.7% for a/h3n2 and 52% for influenza b. the proportion of ... | 2011 | 22065897 |
| vaccination with ns1-truncated h3n2 swine influenza virus primes t cells and confers cross-protection against an h1n1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs. | the diversity of contemporary swine influenza virus (siv) strains impedes effective immunization of swine herds. mucosally delivered, attenuated virus vaccines are one approach with potential to provide broad cross-protection. reverse genetics-derived h3n2 siv virus with truncated ns1 (ns1δ126 tx98) is attenuated and immunogenic when delivered intranasally in young pigs. we analyzed t-cell priming and cross-protective efficacy in weanling piglets after intranasal inoculation with ns1δ126 tx98 ve ... | 2012 | 22067263 |
| Characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in Vietnam in 2009 and 2010. | In the surveillance of avian influenza in Vietnam, 26 H9N2, 1 H3N2, 1 H3N8, 7 H4N6, 3 H11N3, and 1 H11N9 viruses were isolated from tracheal and cloacal swab samples of 300 domestic ducks in April 2009, and 1 H9N6 virus from 300 bird samples in March 2010. Out of the 27 H9 virus isolates, the hemagglutinins of 18 strains were genetically classified as belonging to the sublineage G1, and the other nine belonged to the Korean sublineage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one of the 27 H9 viruses ... | 2011 | 22068881 |
| subtyping influenza a virus with monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. | the recent association of certain influenza a virus subtypes with clinically relevant phenotypes has led to the increasing importance of subtyping by clinical virology laboratories. to provide clinical laboratories with a definitive immunofluorescence assay for the subtyping of influenza a virus isolates, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the major circulating influenza a virus subtypes using multiple inactivated h1n1, h3n2, and 2009 h1n1 strains individually as immuno ... | 2011 | 22075584 |
| Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990-2010. | Swine influenza viruses (SIV) have been recognized as important pathogens for pigs and occasional human infections with swine origin influenza viruses (SOIV) have been reported. Between1990 and 2010, a total of twenty seven human cases of SOIV infections have been identified in the United States. Six viruses isolated from1990 to 1995 were recognized as classical SOIV (cSOIV) A(H1N1). After 1998, twenty-one SOIV recovered from human cases were characterized as triple reassortant (tr_SOIV) inherit ... | 2012 | 22078166 |
| Identification of H5N1-Specific T-Cell Responses in a High-risk Cohort in Vietnam Indicates the Existence of Potential Asymptomatic Infections. | Background. Most reported human H5N1 viral infections have been severe and were detected after hospital admission. A case ascertainment bias may therefore exist, with mild cases or asymptomatic infections going undetected. We sought evidence of mild or asymptomatic H5N1 infection by examining H5N1-specific T-cell and antibody responses in a high-risk cohort in Vietnam. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested using interferon-? enzyme-linked immunospot T assays measuring the respo ... | 2012 | 22080094 |
| temporally structured metapopulation dynamics and persistence of influenza a h3n2 virus in humans. | populations of seasonal influenza virus experience strong annual bottlenecks that pose a considerable extinction risk. it has been suggested that an influenza source population located in tropical southeast or east asia seeds annual temperate epidemics. here we investigate the seasonal dynamics and migration patterns of influenza a h3n2 virus by analysis of virus samples obtained from 2003 to 2006 from australia, europe, japan, new york, new zealand, southeast asia, and newly sequenced viruses f ... | 2011 | 22084096 |
| evolutionary analysis of human-origin influenza a virus (h3n2) genes associated with the codon usage patterns since 1993. | this study investigated genetic variations in eight major genes (hemagglutinin, ha; neuraminidase, na; matrix protein, mp; non-structural protein, ns; nucleoprotein, np; polymerase, pa; pa basic protein 1, pb1; and pa basic protein 2, pb2) of the influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (a/h3n2) to determine the evolutionary pattern in codon bias. a total of 6,881 sequences isolated between 1993 and 2010 were used. the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) and g+c% content at the three codon positions we ... | 2011 | 22086505 |
| rapid identification of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance mutations in seasonal influenza virus a(h1n1), a(h1n1)2009, and a(h3n2) subtypes by melting point analysis. | the high mutation rate of influenza virus, combined with the increasing worldwide use of influenza virus-specific drugs, allows the selection of viruses that are resistant to the currently available antiviral medications. therefore, reliable tests for the rapid detection of drug-resistant influenza virus strains are required. we evaluated the use of a procedure involving real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by melting point analysis (mpa) of hybrids formed between the pcr product a ... | 2011 | 22089329 |
| adaptation of a duck influenza a virus in quail. | quail are thought to serve as intermediate hosts of influenza a viruses between aquatic birds and terrestrial birds, such as chickens, due to their high susceptibility to aquatic-bird viruses, which then adapt to replicate efficiently in their new hosts. however, does replication of aquatic-bird influenza viruses in quail similarly result in their efficient replication in humans? using sialic acid-galactose linkage-specific lectins, we found both avian (sialic acid-α2-3-galactose [siaα2-3gal] li ... | 2011 | 22090115 |
| Absence of Influenza A(H1N1) During Seasonal and Pandemic Seasons in a Sentinel Nursing Home Surveillance Network in the Netherlands. | To describe the epidemiological, virological, and institutional characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) in nursing homes (NHs). | 2011 | 22091963 |
| false positive pcr results linked to administration of seasonal influenza vaccine. | false positive pcrs occur as a consequence of specimen to specimen or amplicon to specimen contamination within the laboratory. evidence of a novel contamination at time of specimen collection linked to influenza vaccine administration in the same location as influenza sampling is described. clinical, circumstantial and laboratory evidence was gathered for each of 5 cases of influenza like illness (ili) with unusual pcr patterns of positivity for seasonal h1n1, h3n2, h1n1 (2009), and influenza b ... | 2011 | 22096134 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of sialic acid derivatives containing a long hydrophobic chain at the anomeric position and their c-5 linked polymers as potent influenza virus inhibitors. | conversions of the c-5 acetamide group in sialic acid into two kinds of cc double bond substituents were accomplished under shotten-baumann conditions. the polymerizable glycomonomers also contain a hydrophobic chain or hydroxyl group at the anomeric position. radical polymerizations of the fully protected glycomonomers were carried out with acryl amide in the presence of ammonium persulfate (aps) and n,n,n',n'-tetramethylethylenediamine (temed), followed by deprotection to furnish water-soluble ... | 2012 | 22100261 |
| epitope peptides of influenza h3n2 virus neuraminidase gene designed by immunoinformatics. | the virus surface protein neuraminidase (na) is a main subtype-specific antigen in influenza type a viruses. neuraminidase functions as an enzyme to break the bonds between hemagglutinin (ha) and sialic acid to release newly formed viruses from infected cells. in this study, na genes from the h3n2 subtype virus were sequenced and na proteins were screened for b-cell epitopes and assessed based on immunoinformatics. based on this information, three peptides es8, rr9, and wk7 (covering amino acid ... | 2011 | 22107789 |
| comparative analyses of pandemic h1n1 and seasonal h1n1, h3n2, and influenza b infections depict distinct clinical pictures in ferrets. | influenza a and b infections are a worldwide health concern to both humans and animals. high genetic evolution rates of the influenza virus allow the constant emergence of new strains and cause illness variation. since human influenza infections are often complicated by secondary factors such as age and underlying medical conditions, strain or subtype specific clinical features are difficult to assess. here we infected ferrets with 13 currently circulating influenza strains (including strains of ... | 2011 | 22110664 |
| Limited Human-to-Human Transmission of Novel Influenza A (H3N2) Virus - Iowa, November 2011. | On November 20, 2011, CDC confirmed three cases of swine-origin triple reassortant influenza A (H3N2) (S-OtrH3N2) virus infection in children in two counties in Iowa. None of the children were hospitalized, and each has recovered from a mild episode of febrile respiratory illness. All three were in contact with one another, and none had a known recent exposure to swine. No additional human infections with this virus have been detected in Iowa, and no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmis ... | 2011 | 22129996 |
| A Novel Reassortant Canine H3N1 Influenza Virus between Pandemic H1N1 and Canine H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Korea. | During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N1 which was a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 canine influenza viruses was isolated. Genetic analysis for 8 genomes of the influenza virus revealed that novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1-99.8%) with pandemic influenza H1N1 except for the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequences of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99%) to that of CIV H3N2 ... | 2011 | 22131311 |
| use of a human influenza challenge model to assess person-to-person transmission: proof-of-concept study. | background. influenza transmission in humans remains poorly understood. in particular, the relative contribution of contact, large droplet, and aerosol transmission is unknown. the aims of this proof-of-concept study were to determine whether an experimentally induced influenza infection is transmissible between humans and whether this would form a viable platform for future studies. methods. in a quarantine facility, healthy volunteers ("donors") were inoculated with a/wisconsin/67/2005 (h3n2) ... | 2012 | 22131338 |
| molecular epidemiology of influenza a/h3n2 viruses circulating in uganda. | the increasing availability of complete influenza virus genomes is deepening our understanding of influenza evolutionary dynamics and facilitating the selection of vaccine strains. however, only one complete african influenza virus sequence is available in the public domain. here we present a complete genome analysis of 59 influenza a/h3n2 viruses isolated from humans in uganda during the 2008 and 2009 season. isolates were recovered from hospital-based sentinel surveillance for influenza-like i ... | 2011 | 22132146 |
| discordant antigenic drift of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin in h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses. | seasonal epidemics caused by influenza virus are driven by antigenic changes (drift) in viral surface glycoproteins that allow evasion from preexisting humoral immunity. antigenic drift is a feature of not only the hemagglutinin (ha), but also of neuraminidase (na). we have evaluated the antigenic evolution of each protein in h1n1 and h3n2 viruses used in vaccine formulations during the last 15 y by analysis of ha and na inhibition titers and antigenic cartography. as previously shown for ha, ge ... | 2011 | 22143798 |
| [Comparative immunogenicity studies of cultural and peptide influenza vaccines]. | Comparative immunogenicity studies of experimental vaccines based onA/Aichi/2/68 neuraminidase peptide fragments (NA) and influenza virus A and B strains produced in MDCK cell culture. | 2011 | 22145349 |
| impaired wound healing predisposes obese mice to severe influenza virus infection. | (see the editorial commentary by beck, on pages 172-3, and the article by kim et al, on pages 244-51.) for the first time, obesity appeared as a risk factor for developing severe 2009 pandemic influenza infection. given the increase in obesity, there is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes in this population. in these studies, we examined the severity of pandemic influenza virus in obese mice and evaluated antiviral effectiveness. we found that genetically and diet-induce ... | 2012 | 22147799 |
| Polymerase activity of hybrid ribonucleoprotein complexes generated from reassortment between 2009 pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 influenza A viruses. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A novel influenza virus (2009 pdmH1N1) was identified in early 2009 and progressed to a pandemic in mid-2009. This study compared the polymerase activity of recombinant viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes dervied from 2009 pdmH1N1 and the co-circulating seasonal H3N2, and their possible reassortants. RESULTS: The 2009 pdmH1N1 vRNP showed a lower level of polymerase activity at 33oC compared to 37oC, a property remenisence of avian viruses. The 2009 pdmH1N1 vRNP was f ... | 2011 | 22152041 |
| discovery of potential m2 channel inhibitors based on the amantadine scaffold via virtual screening and pharmacophore modeling. | the m2 channel protein on the influenza a virus membrane has become the main target of the anti-flu drugs amantadine and rimantadine. the structure of the m2 channel proteins of the h3n2 (pdb code 2rlf) and 2009-h1n1 (genbank accession number gq385383) viruses may help researchers to solve the drug-resistant problem of these two adamantane-based drugs and develop more powerful new drugs against influenza a virus. in the present study, we searched for new m2 channel inhibitors through a combinati ... | 2011 | 22158591 |
| Local Innate Immune Responses and Influenza Virus Transmission and Virulence in Ferrets. | Host innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including influenza viruses. Ferrets are well recognized as the best model of influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission, but little is known about the innate immune response of ferrets after infection with this virus. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of localized host responses to influenza virus pathogenicity and transmissibility in this model by measuring the level of messenger RNA expre ... | 2011 | 22158704 |
| rohlin distance and the evolution of influenza a virus: weak attractors and precursors. | the evolution of the hemagglutinin amino acids sequences of influenza a virus is studied by a method based on an informational metrics, originally introduced by rohlin for partitions in abstract probability spaces. this metrics does not require any previous functional or syntactic knowledge about the sequences and it is sensitive to the correlated variations in the characters disposition. its efficiency is improved by algorithmic tools, designed to enhance the detection of the novelty and to red ... | 2011 | 22162994 |
| Characterization of neutralizing antibodies in adults after intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine. | The levels and properties of neutralizing antibodies in nasal wash and serum collected from five healthy adults were examined after intranasal administration of an A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2) split vaccine (45?µg hemagglutinin (HA) per dose; five doses, with an interval of 3 weeks between each dose). Prior to the assays, nasal wash samples were concentrated so that the total amount of antibodies was equivalent to about 1/10 of that found in the natural nasal mucus. Vaccination induced virus-specif ... | 2012 | 22170556 |
| Emergence and dissemination of a swine H3N2 reassortant with 2009 pandemic H1N1 genes in pigs in China. | The 2009 pandemic influenza virus (pdm/09) has been frequently introduced to pigs and has reassorted with other swine viruses. Recently, H3N2 reassortants with pdm/09-like internal genes were isolated in Guangxi and Hong Kong. Genetic and epidemiological analyses suggest that these viruses have circulated in swine for some time. This is the first evidence that swine reassortant viruses with pdm/09-like genes may have become established in the field, altering the landscape of human and swine infl ... | 2011 | 22171260 |
| [Evolutionary changes in the NA and HA genes of H3N2 influenza virus in the Moscow Region during 2003-2009]. | During the winter 2009 outbreak in the Moscow Region, H3N2 influenza viruses were isolated from the nasopharyngeal washes of patients via their propagation in the human intestinal (Caco-2) and bronchial (Calu-3) epithelial cell cultures maintaining the proteolytic cleavage of HA0--> HA1+HA2 and multicycle virus replication. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of virus RNA indicated that the 2009 viruses differed from those isolated in 2003 in 14 and 21 amino acids of the neuraminidase (NA) and ... | 2011 | 22171471 |
| mimotopes selected with neutralizing antibodies against multiple subtypes of influenza a. | abstract: background: the mimotopes of viruses are considered as the good targets for vaccine design. we prepared mimotopes against multiple subtypes of influenza a and evaluate their immune responses in flu virus challenged balb/c mice. methods: the mimotopes of influenza a including pandemic h1n1, h3n2, h2n2 and h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus were screened by peptide phage display libraries, respectively. these mimotopes were engineered in one protein as multi- epitopes in escherichia coli ... | 2011 | 22171803 |
| infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells by influenza virus: differential susceptibility to infection by porcine and avian viruses. | swine are important hosts for influenza a viruses playing a crucial role in the epidemiology and interspecies transmission of these viruses. respiratory epithelial cells are the primary target cells for influenza viruses. | 2011 | 22174804 |
| diagnostic capacity of rapid influenza antigen test: reappraisal with experience from the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. | background: the rapid influenza antigen test (riat) has been questioned because of its poor sensitivity. clinicians are confused as to what diagnostic help it may provide. riat was reappraised by other laboratory confirmatory tests for its diagnostic capacity. methods: records of riat, rt-pcr and virus culture, performed for upper respiratory tract samples during the period from july 2009 to january 2010, were reviewed. the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (ppv) and negative p ... | 2011 | 22177367 |
| in vitro inhibition of influenza virus infection by a crude extract from isatis indigotica root resulting in the prevention of viral attachment. | isatis indigotica root (iir) has been widely used as a chinese medicinal herb to treat regular seasonal influenza over the long history of traditional chinese medicinal practice. however, its inhibitory activities against influenza virus infections along with the associated mechanisms have not been investigated comprehensively. in this study, the chemical nature, mode of action and in vitro anti-influenza activities of a crude extract ( ... | 2011 | 22179315 |
| Effects of different adjuvants in the context of intramuscular and intranasal routes on humoral and cellular immune responses induced by detergent-split A/H3N2 influenza vaccines in mice. | Influenza A/H3N2 viruses have caused the most severe epidemics since 1968 despite current immunization programs with inactivated vaccines. We undertook a side-by-side pre-clinical evaluation of different adjuvants (Alum, AS03 and Protollin) and routes of administration (intramuscular (i.m.) and intranasal (i.n.)) for assessing their effect on the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of inactivated split vaccines (A/H3N2/New York/55/2004). Humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses against the h ... | 2011 | 22190392 |
| In vitro anti-viral effect of ß-santalol against influenza viral replication. | The anti-influenza A/HK (H3N2) virus activity of ß-santalol was evaluated in MDCK cells and investigated the effect of ß-santalol on synthesis of viral mRNAs. ß-Santalol was investigated for its antiviral activity against influenza A/HK (H3N2) virus using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. ß-Santalol exhibited anti-influenza A/HK (H3N2) virus activity of 86% with no cytotoxicity at the concentration of 100µg/ml reducing the formation of a visible CPE. Oseltamivir also showed moderate an ... | 2011 | 22192867 |
| Simultaneous quantification of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. | Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. Licensed inactivated vaccines for seasonal or pandemic influenza are formulated to contain a preset amount of hemagglutinin (HA), the critical antigen to elicit protection. There is currently no regulatory method that quantifies neuraminidase (NA), the other major membrane-bound protein thought to have protective capability. This is primarily due to the limitations both in sensitivity and in select ... | 2011 | 22197963 |
| Emergence of novel reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 genes in the United States. | Reassortant H1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) carrying 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) genes have been isolated from pigs worldwide. Seven novel reassortant H3N2 SIVs were identified from diseased pigs in the USA from winter 2010 to spring 2011. These novel viruses contain three or five internal genes from pH1N1 and continue to circulate in swine herds. The emergence of novel reassortant H3N2 SIVs demonstrates reassortment between pH1N1 and endemic SIVs in pigs and justifies continuous surveill ... | 2011 | 22198410 |
| development of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for detecting h6 avian influenza viruses. | the h6 subtype of avian influenza virus (aiv) infection occurs frequently in wild and domestic birds. aiv antigen detection is preferred for controlling aiv as birds are infected before they produce antibodies. the purpose of this study was to develop an early diagnostic method for aiv detection. six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) developed from a field h6n1 aiv strain were tested for their ability to bind to viruses. the two that showed the greatest binding ability to aivs were used for antigen d ... | 2011 | 22206824 |
| Efficacy of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus model. | Annually adjusted inactivated influenza vaccines can prevent infection and limit the spread of seasonal influenza when vaccine strain closely matches circulating strain. For the years when the match is difficult to achieve, a rapid screening of a larger repertoire of vaccines may be required but is difficult to accomplish due to the lack of a convenient small animal model of seasonal influenza vaccines. The goal of this work was to determine whether the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus, a small labo ... | 2011 | 22210139 |
| surveillance in eastern india (2007-2009) revealed reassortment event involving ns and pb1-f2 gene segments among co-circulating influenza a subtypes. | abstract: background: influenza a virus encodes for eleven proteins, of which ha, na, ns1 and pb1-f2 have been implicated in viral pathogenicity and virulence. thus, in addition to the ha and na gene segments, monitoring diversity of ns1 and pb1-f2 is also important. methods: 55 out of 166 circulating influenza a strains (31 h1n1 and 24 h3n2) were randomly picked during 2007-2009 and ns and pb1-f2 genes were sequenced. phylogenetic analysis was carried out with reference to the prototype strain ... | 2012 | 22217077 |
| update: influenza a (h3n2)v transmission and guidelines - five states, 2011. | from august 17 to december 23, 2011, cdc received reports of 12 human infections with influenza a (h3n2)v viruses that have the matrix (m) gene from the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 virus (formerly called swine-origin influenza a [h3n2] and pandemic influenza a [h1n1] 2009 viruses, respectively). the 12 cases occurred in five states (indiana, iowa, maine, pennsylvania, and west virginia), and 11 were in children. six of the 12 patients had no identified recent exposure to swine. three of the 12 patie ... | 2012 | 22217624 |
| a reduced dose seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adult and elderly patients - a randomized controlled trial. | background: with the recent pandemic of influenza a (h1n1) and vaccine shortages, there has been a considerable interest of developing influenza vaccines with reduced doses, allowing for increased production capacity.design: here we report a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial of a reduced-dose whole-virion inactivated, adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult and elderly volunteers.methods: a total of 234 subjects including 120 adults (18-60 years of age) and 114 el ... | 2012 | 22219315 |
| induction and maintenance of anti-influenza antigen-specific nasal secretory iga levels and serum igg levels after influenza infection in adults. | to determine the induction and changes in anti-influenza virus secretory iga (s-iga) levels in nasal washes and serum igg levels in patients with influenza. | 2012 | 22226319 |
| public health impact of including two lineages of influenza b in a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine. | the annual trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) includes viruses representing three influenza strains - one a/h1n1, one a/h3n2, and one b, although two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza b (victoria and yamagata) co-circulate annually in the united states. predicting which lineage of influenza b will predominate during a season is challenging, and cross-protection by immunization against the other lineage is expected to be low. one proposed alternative is to produce a quadrivalent influen ... | 2012 | 22226861 |
| cloned cdna of a/swine/iowa/15/1930 internal genes as a candidate backbone for reverse genetics vaccine against influenza a viruses. | reverse genetics viruses for influenza vaccine production usually utilize the internal genes of the egg-adapted a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8) strain. this egg-adapted strain provides high production yield in embryonated eggs but does not necessarily give the best yield in mammalian cell culture. in order to generate a reverse genetics viral backbone that is well-adapted to high growth in mammalian cell culture, a swine influenza isolate a/swine/iowa/15/30 (h1n1) (rg1930) that was shown to give high y ... | 2012 | 22230579 |
| history and epidemiology of swine influenza in europe. | in europe, swine influenza is considered one of the most important primary pathogens of swine respiratory disease and infection is primarily with h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 influenza a viruses. the antigenetic characteristics of these viruses distinguish them from others circulating at a global level in pigs. these viruses have remained endemic in european pig populations but significant differences in the circulation of these strains occur at a regional level across europe. the dynamic of co-circulati ... | 2013 | 22234411 |