Publications

in vivo manipulation of igg2a production by isotype-specific autoantibodies.	repeated intranasal infection of balb/c mice with a/pr/8 influenza virus induced an intense antiviral igg response dominated by the igg2a subclass, and accompanied by the appearance of igg2a reactive autoantibodies. cells producing igg2a reactive autoantibodies could then be cloned as hybridomas from the virus infected animals. monoclonal antibodies produced by selected hybridomas u28, z26 and z41 produced igm-type antibodies with strong specificity for the igg2a isotype bearing "a" allotypic de ...	1990	2177147
intracellular transport of soluble and membrane-bound glycoproteins: folding, assembly and secretion of anchor-free influenza hemagglutinin.	the influenza hemagglutinin precursor (ha0) and many other glycoproteins fold and oligomerize in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). only correctly folded oligomers are transported to the cell surface. to analyse the rules which determine this type of er sorting, we have extended our analysis of hemagglutinin transport to two soluble, anchor-free recombinant ha0s derived from x31/a/aichi/68 and a/japan/305/57 influenza a. the results showed that individual monomers rapidly acquired a folded structur ...	1990	2178922
differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity.	the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ...	1990	2181032
use of live cold-adapted influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus vaccines in seropositive adults.	to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted influenza vaccine in individuals with underlying immunity to influenza a virus, we administered cold-adapted h1n1 and h3n2 vaccines to adults with prevaccination serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 1:16 or more and challenged them 1 month afterwards with homologous wild-type influenza a virus. both cold-adapted vaccines were immunogenic in seropositive adults. in addition, individuals receiving cold-adapte ...	1990	2182673
the expression of influenza virus hemagglutinin in the pancreatic beta cells of transgenic mice results in autoimmune diabetes.	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreatic islets. the target antigen(s) involved in this immunopathological process has not been identified. our strategy was to determine whether expression of a novel surface antigen by murine pancreatic beta cells would result in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. we have generated lines of transgenic mice (rip-ha) that express the hemagglutinin of the a/japan/305/57 strai ...	1990	2185889
bacterial pneumonia in solid organ transplantation.	approximately 4% of recipients of solid organ transplants in the united states develop bacterial pneumonia in the posttransplant period, often in the first 3 months following transplantation. the incidence of bacterial pneumonia is highest in recipients of heartlung (22%) and liver transplants (17%), intermediate in recipients of heart transplants (5%), and lowest in renal transplant patients (1 to 2%). the crude mortality of bacterial pneumonia in solid organ transplantation has exceeded 40% in ...	1990	2188317
[laboratory diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection].	we study 18 children with acute respiratory infection diagnosed early by direct immunofluorescence (dif) using monoclonal antibodies to synticial respiratory virus (srv). antibodies to adenovirus, influenza virus a and b, parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3, mycoplasma, q fever, herpes and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are also studied. we consider that in most cases the diagnosis of infections caused by srv cannot be established by complement fixation, and should be accompanied by some antigen detection tec ...	1990	2189329
peptide binding to hla-dr1: a peptide with most residues substituted to alanine retains mhc binding.	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) glycoproteins play an important role in the development of an effective immune response. an important mhc function is the ability to bind and present 'processed antigens' (peptides) to t cells. we show here that the purified human class ii mhc molecule, hla-dr1, binds peptides that have been shown to be immunogenic in vivo. detergent-solubilized hla-dr1 and a papain-cleaved form of the protein lacking the transmembrane and intracellular regions have similar ...	1990	2189723
generation of seal influenza virus variants pathogenic for chickens, because of hemagglutinin cleavage site changes.	influenza virus a/seal/mass/1/80 (h7n7) was adapted to grow in mdck cells and chicken embryo cells (cec) in the absence of exogenous protease. the biological properties of the virus variants obtained coincided with intracellular activation of the hemagglutinin (ha) by posttranslational proteolytic cleavage and depended on the cell type used for adaptation. mdck cell-adapted variants contained point mutations in regions of the ha more distant from the cleavage site. it is proposed that these muta ...	1990	2191148
[genetic basis for construction of the life influenza type a vaccine using temperature-sensitive mutants].	published data and authors' original material on the use of temperaturesensitive influenza virus mutants (ts) as donors in attenuation process aimed at obtaining the recombinant live influenza vaccines (liv) are reviewed. the so called cold adapted ts donors are shown to be superior for this aim. the data are presented in the review on the association of the mutations in the genome of cold adapted donors with attenuation, on the reactivity, immunogenicity and genetical stability of the recombina ...	1990	2194119
transgenic mice with intracellular immunity to influenza virus.	we have generated transgenic mice that express the intracellular anti-influenza virus protein mx1 under control of an interferon-responsive regulatory element. upon infection with influenza virus, mice of a high responder line produce mx1 protein locally at the sites of initial viral replication, exhibit little viral spread, and survive infection. mice of a low responder line show more extensive viral spread and survive infection only when virus is given at high doses. to survive low dose infect ...	1990	2194673
replication of a waterfowl-origin influenza virus in the kidney and intestine of chickens.	intravenous inoculation of chickens with a waterfowl-origin type a influenza virus resulted in high titers of virus in kidney tissues and viral nucleoprotein in renal tubular epithelial cells and in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. virus titers in kidneys of four of eight clinically normal chickens sampled on days 3 and 5 postinoculation (pi), one dead chicken on day 3 pi, and one dead chicken on day 7 pi exceeded 10(6) mean embryo infectious dose per gram of tissue. using immunofluorescent ...	1990	2196043
conformational changes and fusion activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin of the h2 and h3 subtypes: effects of acid pretreatment.	marked differences were observed between the h2 and h3 strains of influenza virus in their sensitivity to pretreatment at low ph. whereas viral fusion and hemolysis mediated by influenza virus x:31 (h3 subtype) were inactivated by pretreatment of the virus at low ph, influenza virus a/japan/305/57 (h2 subtype) retained those activities even after a 15-min incubation at ph 5.0 and 37 degrees c. fusion with erythrocytes was measured by using the octadecylrhodamine-dequenching assay with both intac ...	1990	2196382
function of two discrete regions is required for nuclear localization of polymerase basic protein 1 of a/wsn/33 influenza virus (h1 n1).	polymerase basic protein 1 (pb1) of influenza virus (a/wsn/33), when expressed from cloned cdna in the absence of other viral proteins, accumulates in the nucleus. we have examined the location and nature of the nuclear localization signal of pb1 by using deletion mutants and chimeric constructions with chicken muscle pyruvate kinase, a cytoplasmic protein. our studies showed some novel features of the nuclear localization signal of pb1. the signal was present internally within residues 180 to 2 ...	1990	2196448
comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children.	randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age. although the reassortants differed in six of eight rna segments, they exhibited similar properties in level of attenuation, infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.6) tcid50 for ah and 10(4.4) fo ...	1990	2197335
expression of influenza a and b virus nucleoprotein antigens in baculovirus.	full-length cdna clones of the nucleoprotein (np) genes of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 and b/ann arbor/1/86 viruses were constructed from virion rna and subsequently expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells using the baculovirus vector, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. western blot analysis of lysates prepared from sf9 cells infected with the recombinant viruses confirmed that the baculovirus-expressed np antigens were reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for eithe ...	1990	2197370
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus in cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies.	peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus were used for immunoperoxidase staining (ips) of cell cultures inoculated with nasopharyngeal aspirates. cells were grown in 24-well plates, and specimens were inoculated by low-speed centrifugation. cultures were incubated for 2 days at 37 degrees c and then fixed, stained, and observed by light microscopy. ips was compared with standard virus isolation by using cultures of human diploid fib ...	1990	2199488
[influenza viruses studied by fluorescent immunoassay with temporary resolution].	monoclonal antibodies, epidemic strains of influenza a and b viruses, conjugates were studied by fluorescence immunoassay with temporary resolution using equipment of different companies. differences and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to influenza a and b viruses were demonstrated. the highest sensitivity of the method with the test system used was determined, being 20 ng/ml of viral protein. the method was shown to be useful for influenza virus detection both in solutions containing purif ...	1990	2202151
sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a virus infections in clinical specimens.	samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) from 100 infants and small children admitted for acute respiratory disease during the period from january to march 1989 were examined for the presence of influenza a virus. all samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and by isolation in cell culture 3-6 h after they were obtained from the patients. of 24 influenza strains found by isolation, 21 were detected by eia and 19 were fa+. in comparison with virus iso ...	1990	2203125
4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-glycosides of partially o-acetylated n-acetylneuraminic acids as substrates of bacterial and viral sialidases.	4-o-acetylated, 7-o-acetylated, and 9-o-acetylated 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-n-acetyl-neuraminic acids (neu4,5ac2-mu, neu5,7ac2-mu, neu5,9ac2-mu) were tested as substrates of sialidases of vibrio cholerae and of clostridium perfringens. both sialidases were unable to hydrolyse neu4,5ac2-mu. this compound at 1 mm concentration did not inhibit significantly the cleavage of neu5ac-mu, the best substrate tested. the 4-o-acetylated sialic acid glycoside is hydrolysed slowly by the sialidase from fow ...	1990	2206459
specific structural alteration of the influenza haemagglutinin by amantadine.	amantadine hydrochloride specifically blocks the release of virus particles from h7 influenza virus infected cells. this appears to be the direct consequence of an amantadine induced change in the haemagglutinin (ha) to its low ph conformation. the effect is indirect and mediated via interaction of the drug with the m2 protein since mutants altered in this component alone are insensitive to amantadine. the timing of drug action, some 15-20 min after synthesis, and its coincidence with proteolyti ...	1990	2209554
perspectives in antiviral chemotherapy.	the current progress in antiviral therapy is related to our better understanding of the viral multiplication, with potential targets for specific antiviral action at each step of the multiplication cycle inside the infected cell. amantadine and rimantadine are anti-influenza a drugs interfering with the penetration and the release of the virus. most of the other antiviral drugs which are clinically available have the same target in common, namely the viral dna polymerase. this holds true for mod ...	1990	2210592
epidemiological analysis of acute respiratory disease (ard) and characteristics of the influenza epidemic in bohemia during the season 1986/1987.	the authors analyze the findings of epidemiological and virological surveillance of ard in bohemia during the season 1986/1987. in all, 57.5% of the czech population was affected by acute respiratory disease (ard). there were 5,950,832 cases reported, 124,444 complications (2.1% of the overall morbidity rate) and 5,374 deaths due to influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia and chronic pulmonary affection. the influenza epidemic commenced during the 48-th calendary week (cw) and lasted 5 weeks till the 5 ...	1990	2212637
influenza b virus mrna synthesis in vivo: efficient transcription of vrnas 1, 2 and 3.	influenza b virus genomic rna (vrna) segments encoding polymerase proteins were shown to be efficiently transcribed in vivo, unlike those of influenza a virus. the results are discussed in connection with the primary structure of the 3' ends of vrna segments.	1990	2212997
nebulized albuterol in acute bronchiolitis.	in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 infants between 6 weeks and 24 months of age who had a first episode of wheezing and other signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive either nebulized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (saline solution) for two administrations 1 hour apart. the albuterol therapy resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the accessory muscle score (decreases 0.70 vs decreases 0.30; p = 0.03), oxygen saturation (increases 0.71 ...	1990	2213394
determination of influenza virus proteins required for genome replication.	an artificial vaccinia virus vector-driven replication system for influenza virus rna has been developed. in this system, a synthetic ns-like gene is replicated and expressed by influenza virus proteins supplied through infection with vaccinia virus recombinant vectors. the minimum subset of influenza virus proteins needed for specific replication and expression of the viral ribonucleoprotein was found to be the three polymerase proteins (pb1, pb2, and pa) and the nucleoprotein.	1990	2214032
[an immunological analysis of the hemagglutinin from the influenza a virus (h1n1) isolated by using various detergents].	immunogenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin, isolated by new detergents o-14 (desintegron-o) and b-14 (desintegron-b) have been studied. hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-o has been found to be more immunogenic than virions. it has been shown that hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-b induces a lower humoral immune response than the influenza virus.	1990	2215286
palmitoylation of the influenza a virus m2 protein.	the m2 proteins of a variety of influenza a viruses of different subtypes were shown to possess associated palmitate. susceptibility to removal by reduction or treatment with hydroxylamine is consistent with attachment via a thioester linkage to cysteine. the absence of the acyl group from the m2 proteins of several equine viruses of the h3n8 subtype correlates with the replacement of cysteine 50 with phenylalanine and points to this as the site of palmitate attachment.	1990	2219738
[the prodigiozan and pyrogenal stimulation of the humoral response to influenza virus antigens in mice].	the adjuvant properties of prodigiosan and pyrogenal, lipopolysaccharides of medical importance, were studied. prodigiosan inoculated to mice together with influenza virus was found, on the one hand, to increase 10-fold the titer of specific antibodies and, on the other, to allow to reduce the antigen dose 50-fold or more. no adjuvant properties of pyrogenal were observed under the experimental conditions.	1990	2219848
[the immunomodulating action of mytilan in an experimental influenza infection].	the materials characterizing the immunomodulating activity of mytilan, a bioglycane from an industrial object of japanese sea, crenomytilus grayanus, in experimental influenza infection are presented. the preparation protected up to 60% of mice intranasally inoculated with influenza virus, and significantly inhibited influenza virus reproduction. it induced interferon (possibly gamma if) synthesis in low titres. the immunomodulating effect of mytilan consisted in stimulation of specific antibody ...	1990	2219849
isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey cells from a child with acute interstitial pneumonia who cytologically had giant-cell pneumonia without a rash.	the isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (prmk) in patients with documented giant-cell pneumonia who have presented without a rash is limited. the diagnosis usually is made by cytologic examination of nasal or bronchial secretions in which characteristic multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are observed. the diagnosis of giant-cell pneumonia has been associated with measles virus but not exclusively. canine distemper, herp ...	1990	2220674
characterisation of an avian influenza virus nucleoprotein expressed in e. coli and in insect cells.	the nucleoprotein (np) gene from influenza virus a/shearwater/australia/72 has been expressed intracellularly in both e. coli and insect cells. e. coli-derived np was identified by western blot analysis as a 56 kda protein which co-migrates with virion-derived np. this protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and a nitrocellulose binding assay showed that np formed complexes with positive- and negative-sense influenza neuraminidase rna transcribed in vitro. elisa and western blot an ...	1990	2222185
immunogenic properties of iscom prepared with influenza virus nucleoprotein.	after covalent attachment of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the nucleoprotein of influenza a virus, this water-soluble antigen could be incorporated firmly into iscom. this potent "immunostimulating complex" induced the production of high antibody titers in mice and could partially protect the animals from a lethal challenge infection. after immunization with iscom preparations np-specific cytotoxic t cell activity could not be demonstrated.	1990	2222187
antigenic stability of h3 influenza viruses in the domestic duck population of southern china.	an antigenic analysis was carried out on 145 duck influenza virus isolates of the h3 haemagglutinin subtype obtained over five years continuous surveillance from the region of southern china, a hypothetical influenza epicentre. this was done using a panel of twelve monoclonal antibodies raised to an early human strain of the h3 subtype. we demonstrate the existence of an extensive range of antigenic profiles, broadly similar but not identical to the human h3 strain, which persisted over the five ...	1990	2222188
characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant in the rna polymerase pb2 subunit gene of influenza a/wsn/33 virus.	the temperature-sensitive mutant ts-1 of influenza virus a/wsn/33 carries mutations in the gene encoding rna polymerase pb2 subunit. effect of temperature on various steps of viral rna synthesis was examined using disrupted virions of ts-1 mutant. the initiation of rna synthesis with dinucleotide apg primer was not affected by elevated temperature, whereas that with primer rna containing 5'-terminal cap-1 structure was temperature-sensitive. the result supports the previous notion deduced from t ...	1990	2222191
[the structure of carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86].	the main surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (ha), was obtained by treatment of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86 with bromelain. amino acid and monosaccharide compositions of ha and neuraminidase (na, earlier isolated from the same virus) were determined, thus showing ha and na to contain 8-10 and 2 carbohydrate chains, respectively. the carbohydrate fragments were cleaved off by the alkaline libh4 treatment, the oligosaccharides released were reduced with nab3h4 and fractionated by two-step h ...	1990	2222528
cold-adapted influenza viruses for use as live vaccines for man.		1990	2222834
[the effects of treatment with unpurified milk-based preparations in experimental influenza virus infection in mice].		1990	2223654
high-performance liquid chromatographic approach to the separation of antiviral and immunostimulant fractions in neuramide.	neuramide, a tissue extract having antiviral action against influenza a virus and immunostimulant action, was analyzed by preparative size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and a low-molecular-weight fraction responsible for the antiviral action was isolated after reversed-phase hplc. four fractions having immunostimulant activity were also isolated, as evidenced by their potentiating action in the human lymphocyte proliferation induced by phytohaemagglutinin.	1990	2229223
influenza outbreaks in nursing homes: how effective is influenza vaccine in the institutionalized elderly?	during the 1984-1985 influenza season, outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2) occurred in three connecticut nursing homes. influenza vaccination rates were 67% (96 out of 144), 35% (30 out of 85) and 69% (332 out of 483), respectively. the relative risk of illness for vaccinated compared to unvaccinated residents was 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.6, 5.9), 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.8, 3.0) and 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.8, 1.7) for each of the three nursing homes, respectively. in the third ...	1990	2230050
morphological studies of the neutralization of influenza virus by igm.	quantitative relationships between neutralization, aggregation and attachment to monolayers of chick embryo fibroblast (cef) cells have been studied using a constant amount of influenza a/fowl plague virus/rostock/34 (h7n1) and varying amounts of purified mouse polyclonal igm directed against the haemagglutinin, the major viral neutralization antigen. there are two major types of interaction. (i) at low concentrations of igm there is aggregation of virus, but no neutralization provided that the ...	1990	2230737
molecular analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of an avian h1n1 influenza virus.	this study presents the first nucleotide sequence and deduced primary amino acid sequence of a subtype h1 haemagglutinin from the avian influenza virus a/duck/alberta/35/76 (h1n1). the molecule is structurally, antigenically and molecularly similar to h1 haemagglutinins of human viruses but sequence homology differences indicate that there has not been a recent transfer of haemagglutinin genetic information between them.	1990	2230742
molecular characterization of a new hemagglutinin, subtype h14, of influenza a virus.	two influenza a viruses whose hemagglutinin (ha) did not react with any of the reference antisera for the 13 recognized ha subtypes were isolated from mallard ducks in the ussr. antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests showed that the has of these viruses are similar to each other but distinct from the has of other influenza a viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that these ha genes differ from each other by only 21 nucleotides. however, they dif ...	1990	2238469
in vitro human cytotoxic t cell responses against influenza a virus can be induced and selected by synthetic peptides.	studies on human anti-influenza cytolytic activities have demonstrated that cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) from hla-b37 individuals react preferentially with the peptide corresponding to residues 335-349 of the nucleoprotein, whereas ctl from hla-a2 donors recognize peptide 57-68 from the viral matrix as a dominant epitope. we studied the secondary ctl response, obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, of an hla-a2+,b37+ individual stimulated either by infectious virus or by synthetic pe ...	1990	2242754
influenza: a serious epidemic disease that can be prevented.		1990	2247100
a nucleoprotein peptide of influenza a virus stimulates assembly of hla-b27 class i heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin translated in vitro.	most cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize epitopes of foreign viral proteins in association with class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules. viral proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm require intracellular fragmentation and exposure to the class i antigens for the development of ctl responses. although indirect evidence for binding of peptides to class i antigens has accumulated, direct binding has only been shown recently. the formation of complexes between peptide and class i ...	1990	2247148
antigenic analysis of recent influenza virus isolates.		1990	2248884
[hibernal respiratory disorders].	a long term serological surveillance of the acute respiratory illnesses was conducted, looking for infections by adenoviruses, influenza a.b.c. parainfluenza 1,2,3 and respiratory syncytial viruses as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci. the analysis of the results accumulated for the past 20 years was carried out. influenza c. coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci infections were rare and could not account for any epidemic prevalence. the other agents produc ...	1990	2249087
fatty acids on the a/japan/305/57 influenza virus hemagglutinin have a role in membrane fusion.	the covalent attachment of fatty acid moieties to proteins is a widespread post-translational modification of viral and cell proteins yet the functional consequences of acylation are not well understood. we have determined that the a/japan/305/57 influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) contains three potential acylation sites at cysteine residues 211, 218 and 221 in the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule. site-directed mutagenesis of one or more of these sites has no effect on biosynthesis, transport ...	1990	2249653
a survey of infectious diseases in wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) from arkansas.	wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) trapped as part of a relocation program by the arkansas game and fish commission were tested for selected infectious diseases and parasites. the 45 birds were trapped at four locations in pope, scott, and montgomery counties (arkansas, usa). forty-four blood samples for serology, 27 blood smears and 12 fecal samples were collected. of the serum samples tested, 20 of 44 (45%) were positive for pasteurella multocida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...	1990	2250323
functional role of respiratory tract haemagglutinin-specific iga antibodies in protection against influenza.	intranasal inoculation of haemagglutinin (ha) purified from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8, h1n1) together with cholera toxin b subunit, into balb/c mice resulted in complete protection against pr8 infection in parallel with the induction of high levels of ha-specific iga and igg antibodies on the respiratory tract. the respiratory tract iga and igg were purified from nasal and lung washings of the immunized mice using affinity columns, and their ha-specific activities were measured by enzyme-li ...	1990	2251874
enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or purified f glycoprotein and challenged with rsv 3-6 months after immunization.	formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv, purified f glycoprotein in alum, and rsv infection (intranasal) were compared for their immunogenicity, efficacy, and ability to enhance pulmonary histopathology during rsv infection 3 and 6 months following immunization by the intramuscular route. purified influenza virus in alum was used as a control immunogen. at 1 month following immunization with one dose of purified f glycoprotein (5 micrograms), cotton rats developed levels of f antibodies (elisa) higher tha ...	1990	2251875
[the antibody activity to synthetic c-terminal fragments of the heavy-chain hemagglutinins of influenza virus a subtypes h1 and h3].	c-terminal peptide fragments of the heavy chain (ha1) of influenza virus, subtypes h1 and h3, hemagglutinins were synthesized. rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with peptides h3 (314-328) and h1 (314-328) conjugates with bsa developed high immune response to conjugated peptides. solid-phase ria demonstrated interaction of antisera to peptide h3 (314-328) with a/aichi/2/68 virus which was inhibited by peptides h3 (314-328) and h3 (317-328) but not by h3 (320-328), that is, antibodies interacted p ...	1990	2256311
[functional activity of glycoproteins from interepidemic isolates of the influenza virus].	the results of the study into the function of glycoproteins of influenza viruses isolated in the 1987 interepidemic period. natural isolates were found to have virus particles with deficient neuraminidase activity but retained hemolytic and infectious activity. biological sequences of the lack of neuraminidase activity in the isolates consisted in disorders of sialic acid metabolism in the infected cells, blocking of the receptor site of hemagglutinin and increased sensitivity to inhibitors. it ...	1990	2256312
[the detection of the influenza virus in the small intestine in diarrhea in piglets].	electron microscopy used for examinations of small intestine suspensions of piglets in the prenatal and postnatal periods allowed influenza virions to be identified in virus population. an attempt was made to preserve the discovered population in alternating animal--cell culture--animal passages. serological examinations of the swine herd confirmed the circulation of influenza viruses in the herd.	1990	2256313
[the use of monoclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of the hemagglutinin of the influenza a virus (h2n2) and its antibodies].		1990	2256322
[influenza epidemics in the ussr and czechoslovakia in 1979-1984].	in this work materials characterizing the appearance and development of influenza epidemic at the territories of the ussr and the czech socialist republic are presented, the common features and differences of the epidemic process in both countries are recorded. the work shows that in both countries the appearance of this epidemic is caused by the same virus. in most cases the epidemic started earlier and lasted longer in the ussr, but morbidity rate during the epidemic was, on the whole, higher ...	1990	2256401
[influenza].		1990	2258671
[evaluation of an anti-influenza vaccine in a group of elderly].	to 57 individuals of the old people's home in güines and artemisa municipalities, without vaccinal contraindications, was administered and inactivated bivalent antigrippal vaccine with the antigenic content: a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) and a/filipina/2/82 (h3n2). trough the inhibition technique of hemagglutination in pair sera, satisfactory results (seroconversion) were obtained in more of the vaccinated individuals, for both antigens. local reactions such as erythema and papule were observed. nine pati ...	1990	2259788
molecular clock of viral evolution, and the neutral theory.	evolution of viral genes is characterized by enormously high speed compared with that of nuclear genes of eukaryotic organisms. in this paper, the evolutionary rates and patterns of base substitutions are examined for retroviral oncogenes, human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv), hepatitis b viruses (hbv), and influenza a viruses. our results show that the evolutionary process of these viral genes can readily be explained by the neutral theory of molecular evolution. in particular, the neutral theo ...	1990	2263602
[comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization to influenza in a large clinical trial. 1. results of clinico-epidemiologic studies].	360 volunteers were recruited for the investigation from a homologous collective. 174 were immunized parenterally with "influmun" from ssw dresden, gdr. 176 volunteers were immunized twice orally with an interval of 60 days with an influenza vaccine inactivated by x-ray using enteric-coated capsules. in an interval of six months ari-symptoms were investigated. between 13th and 17th week 1988 an increased ari-morbidity in the greifswald-region was observed in which influenza a viruses were involv ...	1990	2264362
an experimental influenza subunit vaccine (iscom): induction of protective immunity to challenge infection in mice after intranasal or subcutaneous administration.	an experimental influenza virus (a/pr/8/34(h1n1] vaccine was tested and evaluated in mice. the mice were inoculated once or twice intranasally or subcutaneously with 1 or 10 micrograms of iscoms prior to challenge with high dose of live virus. it was demonstrated that two intranasal administrations were as efficient as two s.c. administrations, both routes inducing high levels of antibody and protection against challenge infection. with a one-dose regimen, the s.c. route induced a somewhat highe ...	1990	2265484
influenza: a preventable disease finally being prevented in colorado.		1990	2265524
amantadine for influenza a.		1990	2267089
[postvaccinal anti-influenza immunity and its determining factors].		1990	2267774
[the heterogeneity of an influenza virus a population in its capacity to induce the synthesis of avid antibodies].	influenza a virus variants were found to be capable of inducing synthesis of avid antibodies when different species and lines of animals were immunized. cba mice were the most convenient model permitting differentiation of "avidogenic" from "nonavidogenic" virus variants with a high degree of certainty. recombinants may differ from parental viruses in their capacity to induce synthesis of avid antibody; with this, the transmission of only one gene (ha) from the "avidogenic" parent into the syste ...	1990	2267775
[changes in the protease activity in the lungs of mice infected with the influenza a virus].	in uninfected animals, the level of protease and protease-inhibiting activities in the serum are in balance which is broken after influenza a virus infection. most profound changes occur within the first few hours after infection. in 6 hours postinfection the amount of protease decreases both in the lungs and serum of the infected animals, and the protease-inhibiting activity increases. in the period of the highest accumulation of the infectious virus 2 days after infection, proteolytic activity ...	1990	2267776
[the primary structure of the hemagglutinin gene of strain a/riga/9977/86--a drift variant of influenza virus a(h3n2)].	the hemagglutinin gene primary structure of influenza virus a/riga/9977/86 (h3n2) belonging to the "coen/84" antigenic subgroup was determined by primer sequencing. a comparative analysis confirmed that the reversions of amino acids in the late stages of the h3 influenza virus subtype antigenic drift became more frequent and the antigenic variants remained in epidemic circulation longer. the possible role of some mutations is discussed.	1990	2267777
[the characteristics of the hemagglutinin from persistent variants of the influenza virus a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2)].	electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the reference influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus and its persisting variants (pv) showed that the pv isolated on the 158th day from the moment of persistence modelling (pv158) had mutation in the gene of hemagglutinin (ha). this mutation is manifested by incomplete ha synthesis at 40 degrees c and increase of mobility of the light ha subunit (ha2). analysis of nucleotide sequence of the greater part of ha gene of pv158 virus revealed 5 nucleotide sub ...	1990	2267778
[the effect of the procedure for sampling clinical material on the detection of influenza virus antigens by immunochemical methods].		1990	2267786
some reasons of insufficient efficiency of anti-influenza vaccination.		1990	2268546
demonstration of "all or none" rule in the antiviral activity of complement.		1990	2268547
isolation and characterization of igg2a-reactive autoantibodies from influenza virus-infected balb/c mice.	repeated influenza virus infection induces the production of dominantly igg2a-type virus-specific antibodies as well as the appearance of igg2a-reactive autoantibodies in balb/c mice characterized by low spontaneous rheumatoid factor-type autoantibody production. igg2a-reactive autoantibody-producing hybridomas could be isolated from the spleen of influenza virus-infected balb/c mice. the mab produced by these clones represent not only igm but also igg and iga isotypes and show strong isotype or ...	1990	2269331
identification of viruses in a study of acute respiratory tract infection in children from uruguay.	for the purpose of identifying viral agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ari) in children less than 5 years old, a longitudinal community study was undertaken in montevideo, uruguay, from may 1985 to december 1987. this report includes results obtained by cell culture and immunofluorescence techniques for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1 and 3 viruses, and adenovirus. two populations were studied: children visited a ...	1990	2270420
fusion of influenza hemagglutinin-expressing fibroblasts with glycophorin-bearing liposomes: role of hemagglutinin surface density.	influenza virus gains access to the cytoplasm of its host cell by means of a fusion event between viral and host cell membrane. fusion is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) and is triggered by low ph. to learn how many hemagglutinin trimers are necessary to cause membrane fusion, we have used two nih 3t3 fibroblast cell lines that express ha protein at different surface densities. on the basis of quantitations of the number of ha trimers per cell and the relative surface ar ...	1990	2271610
do influenza epidemics spread to neighbouring countries?	this study compares the main causes of influenza epidemics reported in czechoslovakia (csr) and the german democratic republic (gdr) during the 9 seasons between 1980 and 1988. the influenza epidemics due to identical virus types were experienced in the two countries in the 1980, 1984 and 1986 seasons, and of these only the 1984 epidemic associated with a-strain influenza a/chile/1/83 (h1n1) virus could be demonstrated to spread from the eastern parts of the csr to the northern areas of the gdr. ...	1990	2273246
kinetic immunochemical studies of igg production during local and systemic anti-influenza immune response in rats.	the kinetics of anti-influenza igg antibodies in serum and nasal wash during the local and systemic immune response in rats was studied. the influenza virus a/hk/1/68 (h3n2) was injected by two different routes--intranasally and subcutaneously in the hind footpads. the proliferation of the ig-forming cells in the popliteal and paratracheal lymph nodes either local or distant according to the mode of virus administration was also studied. the results obtained during the primary and secondary immu ...	1990	2273250
characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus.	antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ...	1990	2273387
[anti-influenza virus effect of dunhuang air cleaning agent].	dunhuang air cleaning agent is an emulsion made from the efficacious ingredients of traditional chinese drugs, antivirotic test in vitro and virus destroying test with atomization were made in our department. it was proved that the agent possesses anti-influenza virus effect. being an ideal agent for air cleaning, it may be used in the prevention of (common) cold and influenza epidemic.	1990	2275779
similarities of guamanian als/pd to post-encephalitic parkinsonism/als: possible viral cause.	guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with parkinsonism-dementia (als/pd) has been the subject of intensive study since its discovery in 1947 because of its extraordinarily high incidence in a small ethnic group (chamorros) whose dietary lack and customs have suggested possible causes. as yet, these and other suspected causes have eluded proof. because of marked similarities between guamanian als/pd and late onset post-encephalitic (encephalitis lethargica) parkinsonism and als it is suggested ...	1990	2276102
murine cd4+ t cell clones vary in function in vitro and in influenza infection in vivo.	several cd4+ th1 clones specific for influenza haemagglutinin or nucleoprotein were transferred into syngeneic mice after intranasal influenza infection to examine whether they accelerate viral clearance in vivo similarly to cd8+ cytotoxic t cells. we observed changes in functional properties of the cd4+ clones in vitro and variable effects on the course of infection in vivo. while some clones resulted in more rapid virus clearance, others had no protective effect, but rather exacerbated illness ...	1990	2278991
oral immunization with a polyvalent bacterial lysate can reduce mortality by infection with s. pneumoniae or influenza a in mice.	we investigated the effect of oral immunization in of mice which were exposed to s. pneumoniae or influenza a. the results suggest that oral immunization reduces the mortality rate. we believe that this effect is partially due to nonspecific defense mechanisms.	1990	2281063
isolations of influenza a viruses from passerine birds in malaysia.		1990	2281590
safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza a epidemic.	a placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of a low dose (100 mg) of rimantadine hydrochloride against naturally occurring influenza in adults was conducted at two sites. after the onset of the influenza season, volunteers (ages, 18 to 55 years) were assigned randomly to receive rimantadine or placebo daily. subjects were monitored for adverse effects and evidence of influenza virus infection weekly for six weeks. only 10 (8.7%) of 114 rimantadine r ...	1990	2285274
[an outbreak of influenza in hospital personnel].	during the last week of december 1989, an outbreak of respiratory system infection involved 32 hospital personnel and 2 patients was detected in gazi university medical faculty hospital. white blood cells count of the patients were either normal or there were a slight leucopenia. throat cultures of the most patients were normal. serum aso, crp, bilirubin, ast and alt were usually within normal limits. according to symptoms, signs and laboratory data we considered a viral disease, especially infl ...	1990	2287292
[serologic response measured by complement fixation in children with acute respiratory infection].	the aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of complement fixation for serological diagnosis of lower acute respiratory infections (ari) in small children in comparison with direct methods such as indirect immunofluorescence (iif) on nasopharyngeal aspirate and tissue culture isolation. sera from children under 5 year of age with ari were studied by complement fixation for 6 respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1 and 3). ...	1990	2287713
cot deaths in canterbury (nz): lack of association with respiratory virus patterns.	this study was done to see whether any association between sids and respiratory viruses might be more obvious in canterbury where the cot death rate is so high (about seven per thousand live births). the numbers of common respiratory virus identifications for the eight year period july 1981 to june 1989 were analysed for associations with cot death. the identifications were from inpatients at the christchurch public hospital and other community sources in canterbury. weak associations were found ...	1990	2291729
[review of the present status of prevention, prophylaxis and therapy of pertussis and parapertussis].	whooping cough is endemic throughout the world. it becomes epidemic every 4-5 years (yugoslavia 3-4 yrs). in europe its incidence ranges from 0.4 (hungary) to even 59/100.000 inhabitants (rumania; yugoslavia 28), with a general letality of 0.1% (infants: 1%; 75% children who die are younger than one yr). only 5-10% cases are supposed to be registered. a low socioeconomic status is more and more emphasized as the principal risk factor. its transmission rate is high (home contacts: 80-100%); infec ...	1990	2292902
effect of rimantadine on cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses and immunity to reinfection in mice infected with influenza a virus.	administration of rimantadine to mice via drinking water, following a prophylactic dose, reduced lung virus titers by greater than 3 log10 plague-forming units (pfu)/ml but caused only marginal reductions in lung virus titers when therapy was started 8 h after exposure to virus. mice given rimantadine prophylactically plus therapeutically were resistant to rechallenge with virus at a dose equivalent to that used for the primary infection (50 pfu/mouse) but not to a high dose (1 x 10(5) pfu/mouse ...	1990	2299203
antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines of various antigenic concentrations.	four inactivated influenza vaccines (containing the recommended antigens for the 1985-1986 influenza season) of various antigenic concentration levels were randomly administered to 140 study participants. the effect of the increasing antigen concentration resulted in significantly higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody levels 3 weeks after vaccination for the a/h1n1 antigen but not for the a/h3n2 or b antigens. also, at 3 weeks after vaccination, there were significantly lowe ...	1990	2299213
from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states, 1989-1990.		1990	2299754
influenza-associated rhabdomyolysis in a child.		1990	2300416
independent and disparate evolution in nature of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins.	the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) external glycoprotein antigens of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of epidemiologically important influenza a viruses prevalent during recent decades were subjected to intensive antigenic analysis by four different methods. prior to serological analysis with polyclonal rabbit antisera, ha and na antigens of four viruses of each subtype were segregated by genetic reassortment to forestall nonspecific steric hindrance during antigen-antibody combination. this an ...	1990	2300562
[treatment of influenza a with amantadine. when? how?].		1990	2301071
specificity and in vitro transfer of the immunosuppressive effect of detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine.	primed murine splenocytes give an in vitro antibody response to influenza whole virus vaccine (wvv), as measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia). when subunit vaccine (sv) of either influenza a or influenza b virus was added to in vitro splenocyte cultures stimulated with wvv, the eia antibody response to homologous wvv was reduced. this reduction in antibody response was observed when sv was prepared using zwitterionic detergent (empigen bb), non-ionic detergent (triton-x-100) or cationic detergent ...	1990	2302839
mechanisms of neutralization of influenza virus on mouse tracheal epithelial cells by mouse monoclonal polymeric iga and polyclonal igm directed against the viral haemagglutinin.	the mechanism of neutralization of a type a influenza virus by polyclonal igm was similar for both tracheal epithelial and bhk cells. maximum neutralization was only 90% and most (70%) of the virus failed to attach to inoculated cells. the remainder attached to n-acetylneuraminic acid receptors but was not internalized. igm aggregated virus, but only at an igm: virus ratio below the level required for neutralization. failure to detect any loss of infectivity associated with aggregation suggested ...	1990	2303801
class i h-2d-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza virus subtype n1.	class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the neuraminidase (na) glycoprotein of subtype n1 influenza a viruses have been demonstrated in balb/c mice. responses to na were obtained only in protocols that use two in vivo inoculations of virus, including a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the na of subtype n1 influenza virus (na-vac) to prime or boost. restimulation in vitro was also required for ctl recognition of na and strongly depende ...	1990	2304137
vaccination with inactivated influenza a virus during pregnancy protects neonatal mice against lethal challenge by influenza a viruses representing three subtypes.	a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a monovalent formalin-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine protected their offspring against a lethal challenge dose of the same influenza a virus h3n2, h2n2, and h1n1 subtypes, as well as against challenge with the other two subtypes. degree of protection was vaccine dose related. cross-fostering of neonates indicated that protection was conferred by breast milk antibodies. serum virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the mothers and ...	1990	2304146
passively transferred monoclonal antibody to the m2 protein inhibits influenza a virus replication in mice.	the m2 protein of influenza a virus is expressed on the surfaces of infected cells, and a monoclonal antibody to this protein inhibits plaque enlargement of sensitive influenza a viruses without reducing plaque titer (s.l. zebedee and r.a. lamb, j. virol. 62:2762-2772, 1988). in the current study, passively transferred monoclonal antibody to m2 reduced the level of replication of influenza a virus but not of influenza b virus in the lungs of mice. these experiments demonstrated that antibody to ...	1990	2304147
comparison of neuraminidases of the same subtype but from different species using a new method of titration.	neuraminidase is one of the two surface glycoproteins of influenza virions. in order to compare neuraminidases of the same subtype but isolated from different species (man, birds, pig), a new and simple method was adapted and optimized using peanut hemagglutinin. results were very similar to those obtained with the classical method recommended by the who, using fetuin as a substrate. the technique was used to examine the relationship between animal and human neuraminidases belonging to serotypes ...	1990	2307719