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functional domains of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen ebna-1.the epstein-barr virus (ebv)-encoded latency product ebna-1 is functionally pleiotropic, being required for replication of the episomal form of the ebv genome and having a role in the regulation of latency transcription. ebna-1 is a direct dna-binding protein, and both replication and transactivation are dependent on the interaction of ebna-1 with its cognate dna recognition sequences. to better understand ebna-1 function, we have further characterized the dna-binding domain of ebna-1 and have e ...19911847464
variable expression of latent membrane protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be related to methylation status of the epstein-barr virus bnlf-1 5'-flanking region.seven virus-coded proteins, the nuclear proteins ebna-1 to ebna-6 and the latent membrane protein (lmp), are regularly expressed in epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), only ebna-1 is regularly expressed; lmp is detected in about 65% of the tumors. in burkitt's lymphoma tumors only ebna-1 is expressed. we have recently shown that the methylation patterns of the ebv genome varied between these cell types. in virally transformed lymphob ...19911847471
a novel c-fgr exon utilized in epstein-barr virus-infected b lymphocytes but not in normal monocytes.the fgr proto-oncogene encodes a nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase, designated p55c-fgr. in this study, we have isolated human fgr cdna molecules from normal monocyte mrna templates. nucleotide sequence analysis of the longest fgr cdna revealed a 5' untranslated region of 927 bp which included two alu-like repeats as well as three translation stop codons immediately upstream of the initiator for p55c-fgr synthesis. within genomic dna, these sequences were distributed over 13 kbp as three disti ...19911847500
characterization of the epstein-barr virus-inducible gene encoding the human leukocyte adhesion and activation antigen blast-1 (cd48).blast-1 (cd48) (previously referred to as bcm-1 by the human gene nomenclature committee) is an early-activation-associated membrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of human leukocytes and induced to a high level following infection of b cells by the epstein-barr virus. it is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates cell adhesion, and has significant sequence homology to two other adhesion molecules, cd2 and lfa3. here we report the isolation and characterization of the blast-1 ...19911847502
segregation of mhc class ii molecules from mhc class i molecules in the golgi complex for transport to lysosomal compartments.traffic of mhc molecules dictates the source of peptides that are presented to t cells. the intracellular distribution of mhc class i and class ii molecules reflects the dichotomy in presentation of antigen from endogenous and exogenous origin, respectively. in human b lymphoblastoid cells, class i molecules are present in compartments constituting the biosynthetic pathway, whereas class ii molecules enter structures related to lysosomes during their biosynthesis.19911847504
isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cdna clones: homology to epstein-barr virus open reading frame bcrfi.we have demonstrated the existence of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (csif) [interleukin 10 (il-10)]. cdna clones encoding human il-10 (hil-10) were isolated from a tetanus toxin-specific human t-cell clone. like mouse il-10, hil-10 exhibits strong dna and amino acid sequence homology to an open reading frame in the epstein-barr virus, bcrfi. hil-10 and the bcrfi product inhibit cytokine synthesis by activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by a mouse th1 clone. both hi ...19911847510
recombinant epstein-barr virus with small rna (eber) genes deleted transforms lymphocytes and replicates in vitro.strains of epstein-barr virus (ebv) with deletions of the small rna (eber) genes were made by homologous recombination using the ebv p3hr-1 strain, which has undergone deletion of the essential transforming gene that encodes the ebv nuclear antigen, ebna-2, and a dna fragment that was wild type at the ebna-2 locus but from which the eber genes had been deleted. even though the eber and ebna-2 genes are separated by 40 kilobases, selection for transforming p3hr-1 recombinants that required a rest ...19911847527
biosynthesis and biological effects of leukotriene b4 in b lymphocytes. 19911847563
recurrent peritonitis: evidence for possible viral etiology.a 45-year-old woman who was treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) developed recurrent peritonitis characterized by cloudy effluents, elevated white blood cell (wbc) counts (predominantly lymphocytes), and negative culture results. this case report suggests that she may have had viral peritonitis as indicated by a positive viral culture, the presence of viral antibodies in serum and peritoneal dialysis effluent (pde), hematological findings, and cell surface receptor studi ...19911847581
a novel approach to establishing permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines: epstein-barr virus transformation of cryopreserved lymphocytes. 19911847792
establishment of a lymphoblastoid cell line, sd-1, expressing the p190 bcr-abl chimaeric protein.a lymphoblastoid cell line (sd-1) has been established by epstein-barr virus immortalisation of philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) cells. using newly derived anti-bcr monoclonal and anti-abl polyclonal antibodies it was demonstrated that both the original leukaemic cells and the derived cell line expressed the p190 form of the bcr-abl protein found in a proportion of cases of philadelphia chromosome positive all. interestingly, the leukaemia and the derived cell ...19911847983
detection of epstein-barr virus dna in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.the polymerase chain reaction method for amplification of dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was used to detect epstein-barr virus dna in nasopharyngeal carcinomas from japanese patients. thirty-one cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 8 cases of lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied. detection rates of epstein-barr virus in various types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the world health organization classification were as follows: 10 of 10 ...19911847985
the bzlf1 protein of ebv has a coiled coil dimerisation domain without a heptad leucine repeat but with homology to the c/ebp leucine zipper.the ebv transactivator protein bzlf1 can bind many sites in the ebv genome, most of which have homology to a consensus ap-1 site, the binding site for the fos/jun family of transcription factors. here we present evidence that bzlf1 can also recognise the binding site for the ccaat/enhancer binding protein c/ebp and that a bzlf1 binding site within the bzlf1 promoter is recognised by the c/ebp protein. analysis of the bzlf1 dna binding domain suggests that the bzlf1 protein binds to dna as a dime ...19911847997
demonstration of epstein-barr virus in primary central nervous system lymphomas. 19911848206
epstein-barr virus encephalitis. 19911848267
epstein-barr virus receptors but not viral dna are present in normal and malignant oral epithelium.the presence and distribution of epstein-barr virus receptors (ebvr's) on a range of normal (n = 18), dysplastic (n = 10) and malignant (n = 20) oral mucosa were studied by immunocytochemical methods using the monoclonal antibodies (mab's) hb5 and b2. ebvr's were demonstrated as membrane staining of the spinous layers of normal non- and parakeratinized epithelium, indicating that ebvr's are differentiation-linked. this distribution was retained in dysplastic epithelium. tissue from oral squamous ...19911848290
epstein-barr virus (ebv) recombinants: use of positive selection markers to rescue mutants in ebv-negative b-lymphoma cells.the objective of these experiments was to develop strategies for creation and identification of recombinant mutant epstein-barr viruses (ebv). ebv recombinant molecular genetics has been limited to mutations within a short dna segment deleted from a nontransforming ebv and an underlying strategy which relies on growth transformation of primary b lymphocytes for identification of recombinants. thus, mutations outside the deletion or mutations which affect transformation cannot be easily recovered ...19911848303
do viruses contribute to the development of sjögren's syndrome? 19911848393
detection of epstein-barr virus dna by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in salivary gland biopsy specimens from patients with sjögren's syndrome.to determine whether epstein-barr virus (ebv) could be involved in the pathogenesis of sjögren's syndrome (ss).19911848394
soluble interleukin-2 receptors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.the authors performed a retrospective analysis of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil-2r) levels in 72 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) using an enzyme immunoassay. their objectives were to determine the value of serum sil-2r in estimating the tumor burden, and its predictive value in response to therapy and prognosis. the data showed that serum sil-2r levels in patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. the serum levels correlated with clinical staging a ...19911848475
severe chronic active epstein-barr virus infection syndrome.reports of unusually severe lymphoproliferative disorders associated with extremely high antibody titers against epstein-barr virus (ebv) have recently increased. the syndrome, which we designated severe chronic active ebv infection syndrome, is characterized by persistent or intermittent fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly and primarily affects children and young adults. polyclonal gammopathy and bone marrow suppression are generally observed, and some patients develop b-cell or t-ce ...19911848476
human t cell responses to beta-galactosidase.the peripheral blood of most normal individuals has been shown to contain t cells that respond to beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), presumably as a result of natural priming. three t cell clones (clones 1,2,4) specific for beta-gal were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) after pretreatment with leucine methyl ester (leuome); a fourth clone from the same individual was isolated from untreated cells. all four clones were cd4+ cd8- alpha beta tcr+ and clone 1 was additionally show ...19911848491
characterization of a newly established human burkitt's lymphoma cell line, oma-bl-1.using culture techniques, we have been able to grow occult tumor cells from the bone marrow from cancer patients and have developed a new malignant lymphoid cell line, oma-bl-1, from the bone marrow of a 17-year-old patient with recurrent burkitt's lymphoma. the tumor cells grew rapidly in vitro in suspension culture, and very aggressively in vivo in athymic nude mice with metastases to the liver and abdominal cavity. the morphological, chromosomal, immunophenotypic and molecular biologic charac ...19911848532
expression of the blast-1 activation/adhesion molecule and its identification as cd48.we have analyzed the induction and expression of blast-1 at the mrna and protein levels and demonstrated its identity with cd48. blast-1/cd48 is expressed on a wider range of cell types, notably t cells and monocytes, than previously thought, but appears to be restricted to lymphoid and myeloid cells. resting b and t cells express blast-1/cd48 molecules at the cell surface; however, they lack the epitope recognized by the 17d6 mab. resting b cells express no detectable blast-1/cd48 mrna. inducti ...19911848579
computed tomographic density of metastatic lymph nodes as a treatment-related prognostic factor in advanced head and neck cancer.pretherapeutic identification of patients likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck epidermoid cancer is of interest. we retrospectively analyzed the pretherapeutic computed tomographic (ct) scans of lymph nodes of 70 patients with head and neck cancer. all 70 patients were clinically classified as having stage iv disease. the purpose of our analysis was to compare the prognostic value of ct node density with that of the following factors: age, t and n categories, eastern ...19911848639
epstein-barr virus lymphoproliferative disease associated with acquired immunodeficiency.epstein-barr virus (ebv) lymphoproliferative disease is seen in patients with both congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies. lymphoproliferative disease has been reported in 1 to 3% of renal transplant recipients. most patients presented with solid tumor masses, rather than an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome. about one third of cases had involvement of the renal allograft with tumor; the small intestine or central nervous system was also frequently affected. about half of the patients s ...19911848644
murine erythroleukemia cell line gm979 contains factors that can activate silent chromosomal human gamma-globin genes.we introduced a normal chromosome 11 into gm979 murine erythroleukemia cells by fusing them with epstein-barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from a normal individual. in contrast to previous data obtained with other murine erythroleukemia cells, we detected activation of human chromosomal gamma-globin genes in gm979 cells. gm979, unlike previously used murine erythroleukemia cell lines, expresses murine embryonic globin in addition to adult globin. while all the hybrids expressed gamma- and beta- ...19911848707
epstein-barr virus-transformed oligoclonal b cell lines producing a cytotoxic human autoantibody. 19911848732
aids-associated polyclonal lymphoma: identification of a new hiv-associated disease process.high-grade non-hodgkins b-cell lymphoma is one of the principle malignancies that occurs in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1). immunoblastic lymphomas that arise in immunosuppressed transplant patients have been described as both monoclonal and polyclonal, and occur in association with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. to test whether polyclonal lymphoma occurred in patients with aids we studied tumors from multiple sites in three patients who died with widespr ...19911848889
elevated creatine kinase levels. 19911848909
patterns of chromosomal breakpoint locations in burkitt's lymphoma: relevance to geography and epstein-barr virus association.we have examined, by southern blotting, the patterns of chromosomal breakpoint locations in 55 cases of burkitt's lymphoma (bl) with respect to geography and epstein-barr virus (ebv) association. we have confirmed the association between chromosome 8 breakpoint and geography: 74% of endemic (ebl) but only 9% of sporadic bl (sbl) had breakpoints outside the hindiii fragment encompassing the c-myc gene (p2 less than .00001). conversely, not only did 91% of sbl manifest a rearranged hindiii fragmen ...19911849033
epstein-barr virus in benign lymph node biopsies from individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is associated with concurrent or subsequent development of non-hodgkin's lymphoma.individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased incidence of high-grade b-cell lymphoma. in many instances, these lymphomas contain epstein-barr viral (ebv) genomes. to investigate the role of ebv in development of hiv-related lymphoma, benign fixed lymph node biopsies from normal individuals and hiv-infected individuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl) were analyzed for ebv sequences by polymerase chain reaction and in situ dna hybridization t ...19911849034
the identification of new transcription elements active in epstein-barr virus latent gene expression.the immortalization in vitro of human b cells by the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is associated with the expression of a restricted group of nuclear proteins (ebna). ebna transcription is driven from either of two mutually exclusive promoters whose modulation is likely to involve an important host/virus interaction. our experiments on the ebna transcriptional domain have led us to identify several new transcription elements which are located on the dna sequence between the two promoters. these eleme ...19911849037
epstein barr virus/complement c3d receptor is an interferon alpha receptor.interferon alpha contains a sequence motif similar to the complement receptor type two (cr2/cd21) binding site on complement fragment c3d. antibodies against a peptide with the cr2 binding sequence on c3d react with a peptide carrying the ifn alpha cr2 binding motif (residues 92-99) and with recombinant ifn alpha. the ifn alpha-derived peptide, as well as recombinant ifn alpha, inhibits c3bi/c3d interaction with cr2 on the burkitt lymphoma raji. the direct interaction of ifn alpha and cr2 is inh ...19911849076
tumor-promoting activity of epstein-barr-virus-inducing factor transforming growth factor type beta (eif/tgf-beta) is due to the induction of irreversible transformation.ebv-inducing factor/transforming growth factor type beta (eif/tgf-beta) exhibits tumor-promoting activity for c3h-10t1/2 mouse fibroblasts in vitro. treatment of c3h 10 t 1/2 fibroblasts seeded at low density with initiating doses of uv light, followed by culture in the presence of eif/tgf-beta leads to the appearance of foci of stably transformed cells that have the potential to grow in soft agar. the promoting effect depends both on the dose of eif/tgf-beta applied and its continuous presence ...19911849123
ebv cell-lines (lcl) and e- cells as stimulator cells for limiting dilution analysis (lda) of alloreactive il-2-secreting cells (il-2-sc) and cytotoxic precursors (ctlp). comparison of their stimulator capacity and ability to generate specific alloreactivity.the choice of stimulator cells is crucial in determining the frequency of alloreactive cells by limiting dilution analysis (lda). in humans, e- cells or ebv-lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcl) are available for this purpose. the e- cells have been mostly used until now, but they appear to stimulate much less than lcl in other models. consequently, we undertook a systematic comparison of the efficiency of both types of cell for the lda of alloreactive il-2-secreting cells (il-2-sc) and cytotoxic prec ...19911849154
amino acid sequence homology of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-2 to adenovirus e1a, human papilloma virus-16 e7 and sv40 large t antigen in the functional domains for growth transformation. 19911849247
a comprehensive immunological analysis in chronic fatigue syndrome.a detailed analysis of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity was performed in 20 cdc-defined patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. cd3+, cd4+, cd8+, and cd20+ lymphocytes were comparable in two groups. natural killer cells as defined by cd16, cd56 and cd57 antigens were significantly reduced in cfs. a significant increase in the proportions of cd4+ icam 1+ t cells was observed in cfs. monocytes from cfs displayed increased density (as d ...19911849315
acute peripheral facial palsy: csf findings and etiology.csf and serum were examined in acute and convalescence phase from 56 patients with acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy. csf protein analysis, viral and borrelia serology were performed. borrelia infection was found in 9/56 cases and was often associated with inflammatory csf findings. one patient each had serological evidence for a recent or ongoing infection with herpes simplex, varicella zoster, adeno, influenza b, echo and epstein-barr virus, but none had specific intrathecal antibody sy ...19911849336
epstein-barr virus and t-cell lymphoma. 19911849349
detection of primary epstein-barr virus infection in a patient with x-linked lymphoproliferative disease receiving immunoglobulin prophylaxis.serologic diagnosis for epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is problematic when patients receive exogenous immunoglobulin. we recently diagnosed primary ebv infection by detecting ebv-determined nuclear antigen (ebna) and ebv-dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in a patient with x-linked lymphoproliferative disease (xlp) who received prophylactic immunoglobulins for ebv infection. these com ...19911849350
the systemic distribution of epstein-barr virus genomes in fatal post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. an in situ hybridization study.the systemic distribution of epstein-barr virus (ebv) genomes was studied in paraffin-embedded tissues from 12 fatal cases of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (ptld), using an in situ hybridization technique employing an alpha-35s-dctp-radiolabeled bamhi-w fragment of ebv dna. the presence of ebv was documented in various ptld-involved organs. the hybridization signal for the virus localized predominantly in the abnormal lymphoid cells, but signals also were detected in hepatocyt ...19911849356
in vitro studies of the effect of mab nda 4 linked to toxin on the proliferation of a human ebv-transformed lymphoblastoid b cell line and of gibbon mla leukemia cell line.the rejection of allografts is mediated by cytolytic t cells and antibody-secreting b cells. selective ablation of these activated cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes may offer a a method of controlling allograft rejection. an immunotoxin was prepared from the monoclonal antibody (mab) nda 4, which recognizes a differentiation antigen (nda 4) common to activated b and t cells. mab nda 4 was conjugated to the ribosome-inhibiting protein gelonin via a cleavable disulfide bond provided by a cro ...19911849463
32p-postlabelling of alkylated thymidines using epstein-barr virus encoded thymidine kinase.alkylated nucleotides have been detected by 32p-postlabelling using the enzyme t4 polynucleotide kinase which phosphorylates the 3'-mononucleotides to give the 3',[5'-32p]bisphosphates. these may then be separated by two-dimensional tlc as the bisphosphates or the [5'-32p]monophosphates. we describe here an alternative approach using the epstein-barr virus (ebv) encoded thymidine kinase (tk) to directly phosphorylate adducted nucleosides to give the [5'-32p]monophosphates. using a series of meth ...19911849471
comment on unusual manifestations of epstein-barr virus (ebv) encephalomyelitis (infection 18, 1990, 33-35) 19911849503
affinity purification of antibodies from sera using polyvinylidenedifluoride (pvdf) membranes as coupling matrices for antigens presented by autoantibodies to triosephosphate isomerase.polyvinylidenedifluoride (pvdf) membranes covered with antigen can be used for affinity purification of antibodies from sera. these antibodies serve as an appropriate substitute for monoclonal antibodies when performing cytological and analytical experiments with the respective antigen. the usefulness of this method is demonstrated with the purification of igm autoantibodies produced against human triosephosphate isomerase in acute epstein-barr virus infection. compared with the original serum, ...19911849541
a new non-hodgkin's b-cell line (dohh2) with a chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21).a spontaneously growing ebv-negative b-cell line (dohh2) was established from the pleural fluid cells of a 60-year-old man with centroblastic/centrocytic non-hodgkin's lymphoma, that had transformed into an immunoblastic lymphoma. the pleural fluid cells and the dohh2 cells expressed igg lambda, were reactive with cd10 and cd19 monoclonal antibodies, and showed by cytogenetic analysis 48,xy, +7, +del(12)(q24), t(14;18)(q32;q21). southern blot analysis of mini-satellite dna patterns, and of rearr ...19911849602
early events in epstein-barr virus infection of human b lymphocytes.the sequence of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and b lymphocyte changes in the 3 days following acute infection was analyzed. by 16 hr the average infected lymphocyte had 1 ebv episome. nuclear protein-2 (ebna-2) and ebna-leader protein (-lp) were detected by 12 hr, and by 32 hr were at the levels of stable ebv infection in lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls). at 12 hr, all ebna-lp and ebna-2 rnas were initiated from the pw promoter. by 36 hr a significant ebna-lp and ebna-2 rna fraction initiated from t ...19911849678
detection of epstein-barr virus messenger rna in reed-sternberg cells of hodgkin's disease by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes on specially processed modified acetone methyl benzoate xylene (modamex) sections.microscopic intracellular detection of epstein-barr virus (ebv) messenger rna in reed-sternberg cells of hodgkin's disease (hd) was possible by in situ hybridization, in tissue sections prepared by a method termed modified acetone methyl benzoate xylene (modamex). the modamex method was initially developed for simultaneous optimal preservation of leucocyte differentiation antigens and morphology. two biotinylated dna probes, corresponding to the same bamhi-w (internal repeat) of the ebv genome w ...19911849760
kinetics of interleukin-4 induction and interferon-gamma inhibition of ige secretion by epstein-barr virus-infected human peripheral blood b cells.interleukin-4 (il-4) acts directly on purified human peripheral blood b cells cultured in the presence of epstein-barr virus (ebv) to induce ige secretion and to enhance the secretion of igg and igm. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) inhibits ige secretion in this system, without affecting the secretion of the other ig isotypes. to identify the time period during which ebv-infected b cells can be induced by il-4 to secrete ige, we have studied the effects of delayed addition of il-4, or the terminati ...19911849800
cellular origins of serum complement receptor type 2 in normal individuals and in hypogammaglobulinaemia.a soluble form of complement receptor 2 (scr2) is found in normal human serum. amounts present are about 30-90 ng/ml, which is of the same order as reported for soluble cr1. although b cells express surface cr2 and are the main peripheral blood source of scr2 they do not appear to be the major tissue source of serum scr2. serum levels of scr2 of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia were not significantly different from those of normal individuals even in the case of two brothers with bruton's x- ...19911849806
the perinuclear factor, a rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantigen, is not present in keratohyalin granules of cultured buccal mucosa cells.rheumatoid arthritis patients have antibodies in their serum directed against the perinuclear factor, a protein component present in keratohyalin granules in the cytoplasm of human buccal mucosa cells. the anti-perinuclear factor (apf) can only be detected by an indirect immunofluorescence test performed on fresh buccal mucosa cells from 'selected donors'. to obtain a more reliable antigen source and to gain more insight into the origin and nature of the perinuclear factor we attempted to cultur ...19911849807
high recurrence of rearrangements involving chromosome 14 in an ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cell line and in its mutagen-treated derivatives.the cytogenetic characterization of ch cell line obtained by epstein-barr-virus transformation of the lymphocytes of a patient affected by ataxia telangiectasia is reported. control ch cells and 2 subcultures treated with the mutagens r7000 or nqo were developed in parallel and studied. a common chromosome anomaly, a der(14) t(11;14) (q13.2;q32), was found in all the studied karyotypes, indicating that it occurred either in vivo or early in vitro. in non-treated cultures, additional anomalies we ...19911849869
inhibition of epstein-barr virus production in p3hr-1 cells by epstein-barr virus-seropositive human serum.the effect of human serum with or without epstein-barr virus (ebv) antibodies was characterized on virus production in p3hr-1 cells. cell culturing with ebv-seropositive sera reduced both production of infectious virus and amounts of virion dna in the supernatants. ebv dna was also reduced in the cells. such reductions in cell-associated ebv dna depended upon the concentration of seropositive serum and incubation time. decreased frequencies of productive ebv dna-replicating cells were observed i ...19911849877
demonstration of epstein-barr viral dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of hodgkin's disease. 19911849989
ebna-2 transactivates a lymphoid-specific enhancer in the bamhi c promoter of epstein-barr virus.among the few epstein-barr virus (ebv) genes expressed during latency are the epstein-barr nuclear antigens (ebnas), at least one of which contributes to the ability of the virus to transform b lymphocytes. we have analyzed a promoter located in the bamhi-c fragment of ebv which is responsible for the expression of ebna-1 in some cell lines. deletion analysis of a 1.4-kb region 5' of the rna start site has identified a 700-bp fragment that is required for optimal promoter activity in latently in ...19911850003
pathways of activation of the epstein-barr virus productive cycle.the promoter for the 2.8-kb rna of epstein-barr virus encoding bzlf1 and brlf1 was identified and shown to be activated by both bzlf1 and brlf1 but not by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. site-directed mutagenesis suggests that two binding sites for bzlf1 within the promoter contribute to the transactivation by bzlf1. the early kinetics of induction of the 2.8- and 1.0-kb rnas encoding bzlf1 and brlf1 in akata cells treated with anti-immunoglobulin indicate that both rnas appear within 60 m ...19911850009
regulation of the herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) delayed-early 110-kilodalton promoter by hvs immediate-early gene products and a homolog of the epstein-barr virus r trans activator.we have reported previously the detection of two stable immediate-early (ie) transcripts that accumulate in cycloheximide-treated cells infected with herpesvirus saimiri (hvs). these are the 1.6-kb mrna from the 52-kda gene (which is homologous to the bslf2-bmlf1 gene of epstein-barr virus) and the 1.3-kb mrna from the hindiii-g fragment of virus dna. in order to study the roles of the hvs ie gene products in the progression of a lytic infection, the promoter region of the delayed-early 110-kda ...19911850023
epstein-barr virus nuclear protein 2 mutations define essential domains for transformation and transactivation.epstein-barr virus (ebv) nuclear protein 2 (ebna-2) is essential for b-lymphocyte growth transformation. ebna-2 transactivates expression of the ebv latent membrane protein (lmp-1) and also transactivates expression of the b-lymphocyte proteins cd21 and cd23. in order to analyze the functional domains of ebna-2, we constructed 11 linker-insertion and 15 deletion mutations. each of the mutant ebna-2 proteins localized to the nucleus, and each was expressed at levels similar to wild-type ebna-2. d ...19911850028
identification and functional characterization of epstein-barr virus dna polymerase by in vitro transcription-translation of a cloned gene.in order to identify the gene encoding the epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna polymerase, a portion of the bamhi-a fragment containing the fifth leftward open reading frame (balf5) of the ebv genome was cloned into sp6 and t7 promoter-containing vectors for in vitro transcription-translation. the rna synthesized in vitro was used to program rabbit reticulocyte lysates, which were analyzed for the synthesis of the putative polymerase polypeptide (110 kda) and assayed directly for ebv dna polymerase act ...19911850046
epstein-barr virus bhrf1 gene but not the cellular protooncogene bcl-2 is expressed in ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid lines.the expression of both the epstein-barr virus (ebv) orf bhrf1 and the cellular protooncogene bcl-2 was studied in ebv-transformed lymphoblastoid b cells from patients with the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (a-t). using the northern blot technique, it was found that the pattern of transcription of the bhrf1 gene in a-t lymphoblastoids resembled that in ebv-transformed normal lymphoblastoid lines and burkitt lymphoma (bl) lymphocytes. however, the 1.5-kb mature bhrf1 mrna species pr ...19911850186
an epstein-barr virus-negative burkitt lymphoma cell line (sframos) secretes a prolactin-like protein during continuous growth in serum-free medium.pituitary human prl (hprl) antiserum inhibits growth of b-lymphoblastoid cells in vitro, but the mechanism of inhibition is unclear. in this study the mechanism of inhibition of human b-cell growth by anti-hprl was explored with an epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen (ebna)-negative burkitt lymphoma cell line (sframos) that proliferates continuously in serum-free medium with human transferrin as the only protein supplement. the data show that antiserum immunoglobulin fraction g (igg) to pituitary ...19911850347
interleukin-10 and counting.... 19911850378
salivary and serum iga antibodies to the epstein-barr virus glycoprotein gp340: incidence and potential for virus neutralization.human antibody responses to the epstein-barr virus (ebv) glycoprotein gp340 have been measured using purified preparations of the native molecule as the substrate in elisas. this glycoprotein is the dominant component of the ebv envelope and a major target for the virus-neutralizing antibody response. healthy virus carriers (both caucasian and chinese) regularly show detectable anti-gp340 igg in serum and, unexpectedly, 21-30% of these individuals are also serum anti-gp340 iga positive. chinese ...19911850382
clonality and methylation status of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) genomes in in vivo-infected ebv-carrying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) cell lines.directly growing epstein-barr virus (ebv)-carrying cell lines were established from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) patient (pg) on repeated occasions. the lines carried the same ring chromosome 15 as the leukemia cells in vivo and were similarly trisomic for chromosome 12. they all showed the same jh rearrangement, indicating that they had arisen from the same b-cell progenitor. they also had the same single ebv-terminal repeat (tr), indicating that they had been generated by a single ebv ...19911850384
spontaneous outgrowth of epstein-barr virus-positive b-cell lines from circulating human b cells of different buoyant densities.epstein-barr virus (ebv) has potent cell-growth-transforming activity for human b lymphocytes in vitro, yet appears to persist in the circulating b-cell pool of virus carriers in vivo as a largely asymptomatic (i.e., non-growth-transforming) infection. the true nature of this infection, and the identity of the cells involved, remain to be determined. studies of lewin et al. (1987) have suggested (i) that the frequency of virus-infected cells in the circulating b-cell pool differs in different bu ...19911850387
overproduction, purification, and characterization of ebna1, the origin binding protein of epstein-barr virus.the baculovirus expression system was used to overproduce the epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen, ebna1, in insect cells. ebna1 overproduced via baculovirus expression (baculoebna1) was followed during purification to homogeneity using its ability to specifically retain the family of repeats of the latent origin of replication, orip, onto nitrocellulose filters. a two-column procedure was developed which yields more than 1 mg of homogeneous baculoebna1 from 9 x 10(8) insect cells (1.5 liters). p ...19911850421
a transformation-incompetent, nuclear antigen 2-deleted epstein-barr virus associated with replicative infection.epstein-barr virus (ebv) obtained directly from the oropharynx was used to detect viral dna deleted for the ebv nuclear antigen 2 (ebna2)-encoding gene that is essential for lymphocyte transformation. by polymerase chain reaction analysis, the deletion was found in virus from 5 of 33 healthy adult donors and 11 of 12 patients with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection. lymphoblastoid cell lines that produce standard transforming ebv also harbored ebna2-deleted virus in cells permissi ...19911850440
orthotopic liver transplantation, epstein-barr virus, cyclosporine, and lymphoproliferative disease: a growing concern.lymphoproliferative disease (lpd) is a well-recognized complication of both solid organ and bone marrow transplantations. the occurrence of lpd in these settings is related in part to the use of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine. we report 12 cases of lpd after orthotopic liver transplantations in 132 pediatric patients. lymphoproliferative disease occurred as one of three clinical syndromes: (1) lymphadenopathic, (2) systemic, and (3) lymphomatous. effective management of lpd with excisi ...19911850458
molecular approaches to epidemiologic evaluation of viruses as risk factors for patients who have chronic fatigue syndrome.one approach to understanding the chronic fatigue syndrome might be to carry out prospective studies of fatigue that occurs following infection with viral diseases of known etiology, such as influenza, hepatitis, and infectious mononucleosis. among the viral parameters that should be evaluated are virus burden, variation of virus strain, sites of viral replication, and the state of the viral life cycle (e.g., latent or replicative). immunologic studies should focus on the humoral and cellular re ...19911850537
detection of epstein-barr virus with molecular hybridization techniques.the cord-blood transformation assay remains the standard method for detecting epstein-barr virus (ebv) in secretions. however, newer methods are much faster and more sensitive, although most are still regarded as research procedures. the most useful of these are southern blot hybridization, particularly the variation that employs terminal genomic probe analysis; in situ cytohybridization; and polymerase chain reaction analyses. use of these methods alone or in combination should disclose the inf ...19911850538
serologic and virologic epidemiology of epstein-barr virus: relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome.patients considered to have chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) have been reported to exhibit an increased antibody response to epstein-barr virus (ebv) early antigen complex and capsid antigen, findings that suggest some relationship between ebv and cfs. however, the serologic findings have not been totally consistent among different study groups, and the antibody patterns in asymptomatic individuals may be similar. moreover, patients with symptomatology indicative of cfs do not appear to have an ab ...19911850540
serologic and immunologic responses in chronic fatigue syndrome with emphasis on the epstein-barr virus.although patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) can be diagnosed by clinical criteria, the lack of specific laboratory criteria delays or prevents the diagnosis and contributes to the quasi-disease status of the syndrome. a resurgence of interest in the syndrome has followed reports suggesting that cfs may be associated with chronic active infection due to the epstein-barr virus. analysis of reports to date shows that the mean titers of antibodies to viral capsid antigen and to early antig ...19911850541
chronic fatigue syndrome in northern nevada.the clinical and laboratory findings from studies of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) from northern nevada are summarized. physicians caring for these patients have estimated that greater than 400 patients with cfs from northern nevada and nearby communities in california were identified between 1984 and 1988. as a result of these studies, a cluster of clinical and laboratory features associated with the illness in moderately to severely affected patients has been identified: profoun ...19911850542
cognitive and mood-state changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.in this paper the cognitive and psychiatric impairments associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and related disorders are reviewed. it is concluded that while acute mononucleosis and infection with epstein-barr virus occasionally result in impaired cognition, such changes have not yet been objectively verified in patients with cfs. however, when patients with cfs are carefully studied, concurrent or premorbid psychiatric disorders are revealed at a greater than chance level. finally, some ...19911850543
chronic fatigue syndrome: thoughts on pathogenesis.studies have shown that a proportion of patients with severe chronic infection due to epstein-barr virus (ebv) lack antibody to a component of ebv nuclear antigen. however, it is not clear whether this circumstance is one of cause or effect in regard to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs); it is clearly not pathognomonic since it also occurs in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and--rarely--in those with other ebv-related conditions. stress and depression may ...19911850544
prospective evaluation of posttransfusion hepatitis.the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis (pth) was determined prospectively at our institution. an active surveillance program of transfused surgical patients was set up; alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels were determined before transfusion and at monthly intervals for 6 months after transfusion. patients with confirmed alt values greater than 2.5 times the upper reference values were referred to the out-patient clinics for diagnosis. of 4051 surgical patients who underwent transfusion betw ...19911850568
chronic active epstein-barr virus infection and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.we describe two unusual cases of epstein-barr virus infection that were complicated by the virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, predominantly involving the spleen. both patients were young adult men who presented with fever, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. both had prompt symptomatic and hematologic improvement following splenectomy. severe constitutional symptoms recurred in one patient 1 month after splenectomy, and he died of septicemia 2 months later. in both cases, there was prom ...19911850588
enteroviral rna sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscle of patients with postviral fatigue syndrome.to determine the presence of enteroviral sequences in muscle of patients with the postviral fatigue syndrome.19911850635
role for the epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 2 in viral promoter switching during initial stages of infection.during latent epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection of human b lymphocytes, six viral nuclear antigen (ebnas) are expressed from long primary transcripts by means of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylylation sites. these transcripts initiate from one of two promoters, cp or wp, that function in a mutually exclusive fashion. wp is exclusively utilized during the initial stages of infection of primary b lymphocytes, followed by a switch to cp usage. these studies have been extended to sh ...19911850841
characterization of 3'-to 5'-exonuclease activity associated with epstein-barr virus dna polymerase.epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna polymerase mediates viral dna replication during the lytic phase of the eb virus life cycle. in order to characterize its enzymatic activities ebv dna polymerase was purified more than 1200-fold from chemically induced b95-8 cells. one polypeptide with molecular weight of 110,000 corresponded to the predicted ebv dna polymerase, whereas the other polypeptides did not. a 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity was copurified with the ebv dna polymerase through the course of the ...19911850910
the domain of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 essential for binding to orip region has a sequence fitted for the hypothetical basic-helix-loop-helix structure.the domain of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna-1) which is essential for binding to a region containing orip, an episomal replication origin of ebv dna, was analyzed by dna binding assay with beta-galactosidase-ebna-1 fusion proteins. it was revealed that a 159-amino acid (aa) domain, 460-618 aa, of ebna-1 retained the orip-binding activity and the domain's activity was abolished by a deletion of 29 aa from its amino-terminal end and by a 38 aa deletion from its carboxyl-end as well. o ...19911850915
epstein-barr virus in hodgkin's disease. 19911850939
prognosis of children with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and malignant histiocytosis: correlation with levels of serum interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor.to clarify the correlation of cytokine level with the severity and prognosis of children with the hemophagocytic syndrome, we analyzed serum interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) levels in 26 children with either the virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (vahs, n = 12) or malignant histiocytosis (mh, n = 14). when compared to healthy controls, 13 children had an elevated il-1 (greater than or equal to 20 pg/ml) and 21 children had an elevated tnf (greater than or equal to 10 pg ...19911850944
a method for transforming lymphocytes from very small blood volumes suitable for paediatric samples.permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines are important in the molecular analysis and characterization of human genetic disorders, when immortalized cells must be banked for future diagnostic or research purposes. however, routine methods for transformation using epstein-barr virus (ebv) require blood volumes that may be difficult to collect from clinically compromised neonates and small children. here we report a modified transformation procedure utilizing blood samples of small volume (less than 1.0 ...19911851132
natural killer-mediated lysis of some but not all hsv-1- or vsv-infected targets requires the participation of hla-dr-positive accessory cells.natural killer (nk)-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs) has been previously shown to require the co-operation of cd16-positive nk cells and an hla-dr-positive accessory cell population. in contrast, lysis of k562 tumour cells requires the presence of only the leu-11-positive cells. in the current study, targets of different morphologies, both virally infected and non-infected, were tested in an attempt to dissect out which target characteristics determine ...19911851136
autocrine regulation of normal and malignant b lymphocytes. 19911851375
clustering of residence of multiple sclerosis patients at age 13 to 20 years in hordaland, norway.geographic and temporal variation and migration studies point to an exogenous agent in the etiology of multiple sclerosis. if infectious etiology is involved, space-time clustering would also be expected. the authors analyzed 381 patients with a clinical onset of multiple sclerosis between 1953 and 1987 in the county of hordaland, norway. patients within the same birth cohort had lived significantly closer to each other than would be expected during ages 13-20 years, with peak clustering at age ...19911851394
immune-deficient mice as models of normal and leukemic human hematopoiesis.a complete understanding of the organization of the human hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy and of the molecular events regulating the stem cell developmental program has been hampered by the absence of suitable in vivo stem cell assays. perturbations in the normal stem cell program that lead to neoplastic growth are also difficult to study because leukemic cells do not grow readily in culture. recent advances in the transplantation of human cells into immune-deficient mice provide an unpreceden ...19911851428
[serological diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis caused by epstein-barr virus]. 19911851444
persistent polyclonal b lymphocytosis with epstein-barr virus antibodies and subsequent malignant pulmonary blastoma.persistent polyclonal b lymphocytosis (ppbl), a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder, occurred in a 25 year old woman. the lymphocytes showed the phenotype cigm+, fmc7+, cd19+, cd20+, which was similar to that seen in waldenstrom's macroglobinaemia, but the proliferation was repeatedly shown to be polyclonal both immunologically and by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies. eleven years after presentation the patient developed a malignant pulmonary blastoma, a rare pulmonary tumour of co ...19911851502
rapid elisa for detecting epstein-barr virus infection. 19911851503
antiphospholipid, antinuclear, epstein-barr and cytomegalovirus antibodies, and soluble interleukin-2 receptors in depressive patients.to determine whether depression might be associated with serologic indices of autoimmune processes or active virus infections, we measured the following parameters in healthy controls, minor, simple major and melancholic patients: antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine), antinuclear, and epstein-barr (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) antibodies. in addition, the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil-2r) circulating levels in serum were measured and used as a marker of t cell activ ...19911851504
transcriptional interference between the ebv transcription factors eb1 and r: both dna-binding and activation domains of eb1 are required.the switch from latency to a productive infection in ebv-infected b cells is linked to the expression of two viral sequence-specific dna-binding transcription factors called eb1 and r. eb1 shares sequence homologies with the bzip family of proteins in the basic region required for specific dna interaction. here, we provide evidence that eb1 and r can synergistically activate specific transcription, and that overexpressed, unbound eb1, represses the r-induced transcription ('squelching'). in orde ...19911851554
sequence of the hindiii t fragment of human cytomegalovirus, which encodes a dna helicase.the dna sequence of the hindiii t fragment of human cytomegalovirus strain ad169 has been determined. this 6225 bp sequence has been analysed for transcription signals and probable open reading frames. similarities with herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and epstein-barr virus genes were observed for three of the predicted open reading frames; a virion protein and a unique dna helicase are believed to be the functional products of two of these open reading frames. two other open readin ...19911851811
activation of gene expression by human herpesvirus 6 is reporter gene-dependent.infection with human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) was found to up-regulate expression of human immunodeficiency virus and human t cell leukaemia virus type i (htlv-i) long terminal repeat sequence (ltr), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gd chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) constructs transfected into the t cell line, j. jhan. activation by hhv-6 was due to one or more viral proteins produced early in infection and, in the case of the htlv-i ltr, was synergistic to induction mediated by the ...19911851812
detection of epstein-barr virus antigens and dna in major and minor salivary glands using immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction: possible relationship with sjogren's syndrome.this study has investigated the presence of epstein-barr virus (ebv) in parotid (n = 12), submandibular (n = 15), and minor salivary glands (n = 25) using immunohistochemical methods for detection of ebv-encoded antigens and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of viral dna. major salivary glands were from patients without connective tissue disease. labial glands were from patients with primary sjogren's syndrome (n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 8), or from normal individuals (n ...19911851828
differentiation-associated expression of the epstein-barr virus bzlf1 transactivator protein in oral hairy leukoplakia.the bzlf1 protein of epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a key immediate-early protein which has been shown to disrupt virus latency in ebv-infected b cells. we have generated a monoclonal antibody, bz1, to bzlf1 which reacts in immunohistology, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation and which recognizes both the active, dimeric form and the inactive, monomeric form of the protein. biopsies of oral hairy leukoplakia, an aids-associated lesion characterized by high-level ebv replication, were examined b ...19911851858
establishment and characterization of an epstein-barr virus spontaneously transformed lymphocytic cell line derived from a hairy cell leukemia patient.hairy cell leukemia is a rare, b-cell malignancy uniquely sensitive to the antitumor effects of alpha and beta interferons (ifn). in order to further study the effects of ifn in this disease, we derived a cell line (hc1) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with hairy cell leukemia (hcl). cells exhibited the typical morphological features of hcl, including the characteristic cytoplasmic projections by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. hc1 cells were of b- ...19911851909
class ii-antigen-negative patient and mutant b-cell lines represent at least three, and probably four, distinct genetic defects defined by complementation analysis.expression of class ii major histocompatibility complex antigens in defective b-lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with class ii antigen deficiency and from in vitro mutants generated with the same phenotype was studied. by heterogenetic fusion experiments, at least three, and probably four, complementation groups were defined. furthermore, clone 13 (a dr-, dp-, but dq+ cell line) appeared to belong to the rj2.2.5 complementation group, for which all other members are dr-, dp-, and also dq- ...19911852002
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