Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| middle east respiratory syndrome: an emerging coronavirus infection tracked by the crowd. | in 2012 in jordan, infection by a novel coronavirus (cov) caused the first known cases of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers). mers-cov sequences have since been found in a bat and the virus appears to be enzootic among dromedary camels across the arabian peninsula and in parts of africa. the majority of human cases have occurred in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). in humans, the etiologic agent, mers-cov, has been detected in severe, mild and influenza-like illness and in those without an ... | 2015 | 25656066 |
| camelid single-domain antibody fragments: uses and prospects to investigate protein misfolding and aggregation, and to treat diseases associated with these phenomena. | the deposition of misfolded peptides and proteins in the form of amyloid fibrils is the hallmark of nearly fifty medical disorders, including alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, prion diseases and type ii diabetes. these disorders, referred to as amyloidoses, generally become apparent late in life. their psycho-sociological and economic incidence in western societies will be therefore considerable in the coming decades due to the ageing of the population. neither preventing nor curative tr ... | 2015 | 25656912 |
| description of a nanobody-based competitive immunoassay to detect tsetse fly exposure. | tsetse flies are the main vectors of human and animal african trypanosomes. the tsal proteins in tsetse fly saliva were previously identified as suitable biomarkers of bite exposure. a new competitive assay was conceived based on nanobody (nb) technology to ameliorate the detection of anti-tsal antibodies in mammalian hosts. | 2015 | 25658871 |
| a comprehensive whole-genome integrated cytogenetic map for the alpaca (lama pacos). | genome analysis of the alpaca (lama pacos, lpa) has progressed slowly compared to other domestic species. here, we report the development of the first comprehensive whole-genome integrated cytogenetic map for the alpaca using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and chori-246 bac library clones. the map is comprised of 230 linearly ordered markers distributed among all 36 alpaca autosomes and the sex chromosomes. for the first time, markers were assigned to lpa14, 21, 22, 28, and 36. additi ... | 2014 | 25662411 |
| the cd markers of camel (camelus dromedarius) milk cells during mastitis: the lpam-1 expression is an indication of possible mucosal nature of the cellular trafficking. | studying the cellular populations of the camel mammary glands through the expression pattern of the cd markers and adhesion molecules is a mean to define whether the cellular trafficking pathway is peripheral or mucosal nature. camel milk cells from 8 gram-positive and 5 gram-negative infected camels were examined with flow cytometry using cross-reacting antibodies like, anti-cd4(+), cd8(+), wc+1(+)γδ, cd62l, cd11a(+)/cd18, lpam-1, cxcr2. the overall results indicated high flow cytometry output ... | 2015 | 25666226 |
| vector identification and clinical, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological characteristics of camel (camelus dromedarius) theileriosis in egypt. | the objectives of the present study were to identify a possible tick vector and to determine the prevalence of camel theileriosis in egypt using blood smears stained with giemsa's stain and pcr assay. hemogram and serum biochemical constituents were also investigated. a total of 243 camels, aged 3-5 years, were examined. the results revealed that 75 (30.86 %) camels were infected with theileria spp. of giemsa-stained blood smears. hyalomma dromedarii was identified as the carrier tick of theiler ... | 2015 | 25677167 |
| proteomics of old world camelid (camelus dromedarius): better understanding the interplay between homeostasis and desert environment. | life is the interplay between structural-functional integrity of biological systems and the influence of the external environment. to understand this interplay, it is useful to examine an animal model that competes with harsh environment. the dromedary camel is the best model that thrives under severe environment with considerable durability. the current proteomic study on dromedary organs explains a number of cellular mysteries providing functional correlates to arid living. proteome profiling ... | 2013 | 25685490 |
| comparative sequence analysis of double stranded rna binding protein encoding gene of parapoxviruses from indian camels. | the dsrna binding protein (rbp) encoding gene of parapoxviruses (ppvs) from the dromedary camels, inhabitating different geographical region of rajasthan, india were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of rbp encoding gene revealed that ppv dna from bikaner shared 98.3% and 76.6% sequence identity at the amino acid level, with pali and udaipur ppv dna, respectively. refer ... | 2014 | 25685494 |
| sequence analysis of the toll-like receptor 2 gene of old world camels. | the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) gene of old world camels (camelus dromedarius and camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. the tlr2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. similarly, the tlr2 gene of the bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. dromedary and bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity wit ... | 2013 | 25685538 |
| light and scanning electron microscopical examination of the third stage larva of physocephalus dromedarii (nematoda: spirocercidae)--an abomasal nematode of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the life cycle of physocephalus dromedarii was studied under experimental conditions. larvae obtained from naturally infected scarabaeus cristatus and aphodius sp. (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) were measured and examined in light and scanning electron microscopy and used to infect a dromedary as final host as well as chicken, mice and a toad as possible paratenic hosts. larvae with the same morphology and similar measurements were found in naturally infected reptiles (trapelus flavimaculatus, eryx ... | 2015 | 25687524 |
| activity of heat shock genes' promoters in thermally contrasting animal species. | heat shock gene promoters represent a highly conserved and universal system for the rapid induction of transcription after various stressful stimuli. we chose pairs of mammalian and insect species that significantly differ in their thermoresistance and constitutive levels of hsp70 to compare hsp promoter strength under normal conditions and after heat shock (hs). the first pair includes the hspa1 gene promoter of camel (camelus dromedarius) and humans. it was demonstrated that the camel hspa1a a ... | 2015 | 25700087 |
| engineered high-affinity nanobodies recognizing staphylococcal protein a and suitable for native isolation of protein complexes. | in addition to its high affinity for antibody fc domains, staphylococcal protein a has been shown to bind certain fab domains. we investigated this in order to develop a small, recombinant protein a-binding alternative to immunoglobulin g (igg) from nanobodies, single-domain antibodies derived from a camelid variant igg's variable region. we engineered a nanobody with affinity solely for protein a as well as a dimerized version of higher affinity for typical multidomain protein a constructs. bec ... | 2015 | 25707320 |
| molecular analysis of heavy chain-only antibodies of camelus bactrianus. | in this work, igg content and structures of antigen-binding domains and hinge regions of different igg subtypes of camelus bactrianus were analyzed in detail for the first time. our data demonstrate that c. bactrianus contains a very large amount of heavy chain-only antibodies that can be used as a source of vhh domain-containing molecules. despite some minor sequence differences identified in this study, c. bactrianus vhh domains possess principally the same unique features as those of c. drome ... | 2014 | 25716733 |
| reliable typing of mers-cov variants with a small genome fragment. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infection in humans. camels are the likely animal source for zoonotic infection, although exact transmission modes remain to be determined. human-to-human transmission occurs sporadically. the wide geographic distribution of mers-cov among dromedary camels and ongoing transmissions to humans provides concern for the evolution of a mers-cov variant with efficient human-to-human tran ... | 2015 | 25728084 |
| fully human vh single domains that rival the stability and cleft recognition of camelid antibodies. | human vh single domains represent a promising class of antibody fragments with applications as therapeutic modalities. unfortunately, isolated human vh domains also generally display poor biophysical properties and a propensity to aggregate. this has encouraged the development of non-human antibody domains as alternative means of antigen recognition and, in particular, camelid (vhh) domains. naturally devoid of light chain partners, these domains are characterized by favorable biophysical proper ... | 2015 | 25737448 |
| selection and characterization of camelid nanobodies towards urokinase-type plasminogen activator. | urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) is a trypsin-like serine protease that plays a vital role in extracellular conversion of inactive plasminogen into catalytically active plasmin. activated plasmin facilitates the release of several proteolytic enzymes, which control processes like pericellular proteolysis and remodeling of ecm. upa and the receptor upar, are overexpressed in a number of malignant tumours and upa/upar play major roles in adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of ca ... | 2015 | 25749705 |
| production, crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of a complex between a fragment of the tssm t6ss protein and a camelid nanobody. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a machine evolved by gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxin effectors into target bacterial or eukaryotic cells. the t6ss is functionally and structurally similar to the contractile tail of the myoviridae family of bacteriophages and can be viewed as a syringe anchored to the bacterial membrane by a transenvelope complex. the membrane complex is composed of three proteins: the tssm and tssl inner membrane components and the tssj outer membrane lipoprotein. ... | 2015 | 25760699 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from farm animals in egypt. | little is known on the diversity and public health significance of echinococcus species in livestock in egypt. in this study, 37 individual hydatid cysts were collected from dromedary camels (n=28), sheep (n=7) and buffalos (n=2). dna was extracted from protoscoleces/germinal layer of individual cysts and amplified by pcr targeting nuclear (actin ii) and mitochondrial (cox1 and nad1) genes. direct sequencing of amplicons indicated the presence of echinococcus canadenesis (g6 genotype) in 26 of 2 ... | 2015 | 25760944 |
| development of a vhh-based erythropoietin quantification assay. | erythropoietin (epo) quantification during cell line selection and bioreactor cultivation has traditionally been performed with elisa or hplc. as these techniques suffer from several drawbacks, we developed a novel epo quantification assay. a camelid single-domain antibody fragment directed against human epo was evaluated as a capturing antibody in a label-free biolayer interferometry-based quantification assay. human recombinant epo can be specifically detected in chinese hamster ovary cell sup ... | 2015 | 25764454 |
| hepatitis e: a disease of reemerging importance. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. originally considered to be restricted to humans, it is now clear that hev and hev-like viruses have several animal reservoirs with complex ecology and genetic diversity, as exemplified by the recent discovery of hev in dromedaries, a previously underestimated reservoir of zoonotic viruses prior to the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. zoonotic foodborne transmission from pigs and feral ... | 2015 | 25773541 |
| passive immunotherapy with dromedary immune serum in an experimental animal model for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a highly lethal pulmonary infection. serum from convalescent mers patients may provide some benefit but is not readily available. in contrast, nearly all camels in the middle east have been infected with mers-cov. here, we show that sera obtained from mers-immune camels augment the kinetics of mers-cov clearance and reduce the severity of pathological changes in infected lungs, with efficacy proportional to the titer of mers-cov-neutralizing serum antib ... | 2015 | 25787284 |
| transabdominal ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis and estimation of gestational age in dromedary camels. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of transabdominal ultrasonography as a method for pregnancy diagnosis and establish some foetal biometrics guidelines of pregnancy staging. transabdominal ultrasonography was performed weekly on six pregnant camels from the 4th to the 19th week and at 2-week intervals from the 20th to the 52nd week of gestation. six areas were selected for examination: caudal abdominal (caa), inside the thigh, above the base of the udder; middle abdominal (mia) ... | 2015 | 25800152 |
| a novel dromedary camel enterovirus in the family picornaviridae from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and the discovery of the virus from dromedary camels have boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. whilst picornaviruses are known to infect various animals, their existence in dromedaries was unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel picornavirus, dromedary camel enterovirus (dcev), from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcev was detected in faecal samples of four (1. ... | 2015 | 25805410 |
| lack of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from infected camels. | to determine risk for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from camels to humans, we tested serum from 191 persons with various levels of exposure to an infected dromedary herd. we found no serologic evidence of human infection, suggesting that zoonotic transmission of this virus from dromedaries is rare. | 2015 | 25811546 |
| inhibition of type vi secretion by an anti-tssm llama nanobody. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a secretion pathway widespread in gram-negative bacteria that targets toxins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. although most t6sss identified so far are involved in inter-bacterial competition, a few are directly required for full virulence of pathogens. the t6ss comprises 13 core proteins that assemble a large complex structurally and functionally similar to a phage contractile tail structure anchored to the cell envelope by a trans-membrane spanni ... | 2015 | 25811612 |
| camelid brucellosis: a review. | camel brucellosis has been diagnosed in all camel-rearing countries except australia. in many countries the infection is on the rise in old world camels (owcs) due to the uncontrolled trade of live animals. knowledge of camelid brucellosis has increased over the last decade through field investigations, experimental infection trials and comprehensive laboratory testing. infection with brucella melitensis is frequent in owcs and rare with b. abortus. new world camels rarely contract brucellosis. ... | 2014 | 25812208 |
| characterization of gm-csf-inhibitory factor and uracil dna glycosylase encoding genes from camel pseudocowpoxvirus. | the present study describes the pcr amplification of gm-csf-inhibitory factor (gif) and uracil dna glycosylase (udg) encoding genes of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from the indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) infected with contagious ecthyma using the primers based on the corresponding gene sequences of human pcpv and reindeer pcpv, respectively. the length of gif gene of pcpv obtained from camel is 795 bp and due to the addition of one cytosine residue at position 374 and one adenine residue a ... | 2015 | 25816930 |
| streamlined method for parallel identification of single domain antibodies to membrane receptors on whole cells. | owing to their minimal size, high production yield, versatility and robustness, the recombinant variable domains (nanobodies) of camelid single chain antibodies are valued affinity reagents for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. while their preparation against purified antigens is straightforward, the generation of nanobodies to difficult targets such as multi-pass or complex membrane cell receptors remains challenging. here we devised a platform for high throughput identificati ... | 2015 | 25819371 |
| an organic solvent-stable lipase from a newly isolated staphylococcus aureus ala1 strain with potential for use as an industrial biocatalyst. | in this study, a new strain, ala1, was identified as staphylococcus aureus by biochemical tests, and its 16s ribosomal dna sequence was isolated from dromedary milk. ala1 lipase production was optimized in shake flask experiments and measured with varying ph (3-11), temperature (20-55 °c) and substrate concentrations. the maximum lipase production was recorded at ph 8 and 30 °c for up to 30 h of culture period for the s. aureus ala1 strain. among the substrates tested, selected carbon sources, x ... | 2016 | 25828848 |
| tandem fusion of hepatitis b core antigen allows assembly of virus-like particles in bacteria and plants with enhanced capacity to accommodate foreign proteins. | the core protein of the hepatitis b virus, hbcag, assembles into highly immunogenic virus-like particles (hbc vlps) when expressed in a variety of heterologous systems. specifically, the major insertion region (mir) on the hbcag protein allows the insertion of foreign sequences, which are then exposed on the tips of surface spike structures on the outside of the assembled particle. here, we present a novel strategy which aids the display of whole proteins on the surface of hbc particles. this st ... | 2015 | 25830365 |
| a sunken ship of the desert at the river danube in tulln, austria. | rescue excavations recovered a skeleton that resurrect the contemporary dramatic history of austria in the 17th century as troops besieged vienna in the second osmanic-habsburg war. unique for central europe is the evidence of a completely preserved camel skeleton uncovered in a large refuse pit. the male individual of slender stature indicates a few but characteristic pathological changes revealing not a beast of burden but probably a valuable riding animal. anatomical and morphometrical analys ... | 2015 | 25831121 |
| a study on the status of inflammatory systems in camels naturally infected with toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a unique intracellular parasite with a worldwide distribution. this parasite infects a variety of cells in a wide range of animal species such as dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). in order to evaluate the pattern of possible changes in the blood level of some inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes in camels infected with t. gondii, blood samples were taken from a total of 493 dromedary camels and serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators, acute phase prote ... | 2015 | 25846570 |
| one-step immunoassay for tetrabromobisphenol a using a camelid single domain antibody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a ubiquitous brominated flame retardant, showing widespread environmental and human exposures. a variable domain of the heavy chain antibody (vhh), naturally occurring in camelids, approaches the lower size limit of functional antigen-binding entities. the ease of genetic manipulation makes such vhhs a superior choice to use as an immunoreagent. in this study, a highly selective anti-tbbpa vhh t3-15 fused with alkaline phosphatase (ap) from e. coli was expressed, ... | 2015 | 25849972 |
| enzymatic functionalization of a nanobody using protein insertion technology. | antibody-based products constitute one of the most attractive biological molecules for diagnostic, medical imagery and therapeutic purposes with very few side effects. their development has become a major priority of biotech and pharmaceutical industries. recently, a growing number of modified antibody-based products have emerged including fragments, multi-specific and conjugate antibodies. in this study, using protein engineering, we have functionalized the anti-hen egg-white lysozyme (hewl) ca ... | 2015 | 25852149 |
| parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the holocene. | knowledge of parasitic infections to which fauna was exposed in the past provides information on the geographical origin of some parasites, on the possible dispersal routes and for archaeological fauna on the potential zoonotic risk that human and animal populations could be exposed. the aim of the present study was to examine the gastrointestinal parasite present in camelid coprolites collected from the archaeological site cerro casa de piedra, cave 7 (ccp7), patagonia, argentina. coprolites we ... | 2015 | 25859925 |
| presence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in saudi arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study. | scientific evidence suggests that dromedary camels are the intermediary host for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). however, the actual number of infections in people who have had contact with camels is unknown and most index patients cannot recall any such contact. we aimed to do a nationwide serosurvey in saudi arabia to establish the prevalence of mers-cov antibodies, both in the general population and in populations of individuals who have maximum exposure to camels ... | 2015 | 25863564 |
| isolation and characterization of antigen-specific alpaca (lama pacos) vhh antibodies by biopanning followed by high-throughput sequencing. | the antigen-binding domain of camelid dimeric heavy chain antibodies, known as vhh or nanobody, has much potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. to establish the isolation process of antigen-specific vhh, a vhh phage library was constructed with a diversity of 8.4 × 10(7) from cdna of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an alpaca (lama pacos) immunized with a fragment of izumo1 (izumo1pff) as a model antigen. by conventional biopanning, 13 antigen-specific vhhs were isolated. ... | 2015 | 25888581 |
| epidemiology of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of tigray and afar regions, northern ethiopia. | african animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious inflictions to livestock health. this study investigates the extent of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis (nttat) by trypanosoma (t.) evansi and t. vivax in domestic animals in the tsetse-free regions of northern ethiopia, afar and tigray. | 2015 | 25889702 |
| what is your diagnosis? abdominal fluid from an adult alpaca. | 2015 | 25899216 | |
| camelid wellness. | wellness management and environmental enrichment of new world camelids is multifaceted and should include everything from how they are fed and housed to how they are interacted with and handled. camelid feeding regimens should be based on sound nutritional concepts, designed for specific animal groups, and begin with an appropriate forage base. provide housing, shelter, substrate, and feeders designed for the needs and behaviors of camelids. herd management should include regularly obtaining wei ... | 2015 | 25902272 |
| noninvasive imaging of immune responses. | at their margins, tumors often contain neutrophils, dendritic cells, and activated macrophages, which express class ii mhc and cd11b products. the interplay between stromal cells, tumor cells, and migratory cells such as lymphocytes creates opportunities for noninvasive imaging of immune responses. we developed alpaca-derived antibody fragments specific for mouse class ii mhc and cd11b products, expressed on the surface of a variety of myeloid cells. we validated these reagents by flow cytometry ... | 2015 | 25902531 |
| mixed infection of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) and other respiratory viruses in dromedary camels in sudan, an abattoir study. | this study was intended to determine the role played by peste des petits ruminants (ppr) in causing respiratory infections in camels and its association with other respiratory viruses. a total of 474 lung specimens showing pneumonia were collected from clinically healthy camels in slaughterhouses at five different areas in sudan. using immunocapture elisa (icelisa), 214 specimens (45.1 %) were found to be positive for ppr antigen. the highest prevalence was found in central sudan (59.9 %) then n ... | 2015 | 25904508 |
| laboratory investigation and phylogenetic analysis of an imported middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus case in greece. | rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of persons suspected of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection is important for timely implementation of infection control practices and disease management. in addition, monitoring molecular changes in the virus can help elucidate chains of transmission and identify mutations that might influence virus transmission efficiency. this was illustrated by a recent laboratory investigation we conducted on an imported mers-cov case in g ... | 2015 | 25919137 |
| digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters. | the mean retention times (mrt) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract and the forestomach (fs) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. besides ruminants, camelids are the only herbivores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physiological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the fs. differences between camelids and ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. in this stu ... | 2015 | 25921796 |
| molecular characterization of the llamas (lama glama) casein cluster genes transcripts (csn1s1, csn2, csn1s2, csn3) and regulatory regions. | in the present paper, we report for the first time the characterization of llama (lama glama) caseins at transcriptomic and genetic level. a total of 288 casein clones transcripts were analysed from two lactating llamas. the most represented mrna populations were those correctly assembled (85.07%) and they encoded for mature proteins of 215, 217, 187 and 162 amino acids respectively for the csn1s1, csn2, csn1s2 and csn3 genes. the exonic subdivision evidenced a structure made of 21, 9, 17 and 6 ... | 2015 | 25923814 |
| dorsal laminectomy for treatment of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy in an alpaca. | an 11-year-old male breeding alpaca was evaluated for a 2-day history of lowered head carriage and lethargy. | 2015 | 25932939 |
| a retrospective study on clinical findings of 7300 cases (2007-2014) of barren female dromedaries. | the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical findings in barren female dromedaries examined for different complaints. female camels were examined for repeat breeding with regular heat interval (rb-r, n = 5444), refused mating (rm, n = 1299), repeat breeding with long heat interval (rb-l, n = 489), difficulties or bleeding during mating (dm, n = 53), and for manifestation of male-like behavior (mb, n = 15). the genital tracts of all females were evaluated using transrectal palpatio ... | 2015 | 25935372 |
| production and characterization of a camelid single domain antibody-urease enzyme conjugate for the treatment of cancer. | a novel immunoconjugate (l-dos47) was developed and characterized as a therapeutic agent for tumors expressing ceacam6. the single domain antibody afaikl2, which targets ceacam6, was expressed in the escherichia coli bl21 (de3) pt7-7 system. high purity urease (hpu) was extracted and purified from jack bean meal. afaikl2 was activated using n-succinimidyl [4-iodoacetyl] aminobenzoate (siab) as the cross-linker and then conjugated to urease. the activation and conjugation reactions were controlle ... | 2015 | 25938892 |
| immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical studies on the developing olfactory organs of fetal camel. | little is known about the development of the olfactory organs of camel. in this study, prenatal development and neuronal differentiation of the vomeronasal organ (vno) and the olfactory epithelium (oe) of the one-humped camel were studied by immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry. a neuronal marker, protein gene product (pgp) 9.5, but not a marker of fully differentiated olfactory receptor cells, olfactory marker protein, intensely labeled the olfactory receptor cells of the vno and oe a ... | 2015 | 25950169 |
| detailed anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | the detailed morphology and topography of the cranial cervical ganglion (ccg) with its surrounding structures were studied in 10 sides of five heads of adult one-humped camel to determine its general arrangement as well as its differences and similarities to other animals. the following detailed descriptions were obtained: (1) the bilateral ccg was constantly present caudal to cranial base at the rostroventral border of the occipital condyle over the caudolateral part of nasopharynx; (2) the ccg ... | 2015 | 25950508 |
| double ovulation and occurrence of twinning in alpacas (vicugna pacos). | twin births are rare in alpacas despite the high incidence of double ovulation and are undesirable because they contribute to early and late pregnancy loss, abortion, and birth of nonviable neonates. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and outcome of twin pregnancy in double-ovulating alpacas by retrospective and prospective analysis. data from double-ovulating females (n = 41) presented for pregnancy diagnosis were analyzed to determine pregnancy status at three st ... | 2015 | 25963129 |
| identification by ft-icr-ms of camelus dromedarius α-lactalbumin variants as the result of nonenzymatic deamidation of asn-16 and asn-45. | nonenzymatic deamidation of asparaginyl residues can occur spontaneously under physiological conditions principally when a glycyl residue is at the carboxyl side of asn and leads to formation of aspartyl and isoaspartyl residues. this modification can change the biological activity of proteins or peptides and trigger an auto-immune response. the α-lactalbumins of members of the camelidae family are the only of described α-lactalbumins that carry two asngly sequences. in the present study, high-r ... | 2015 | 25977031 |
| acute middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in livestock dromedaries, dubai, 2014. | camels carry middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, but little is known about infection age or prevalence. we studied >800 dromedaries of all ages and 15 mother-calf pairs. this syndrome constitutes an acute, epidemic, and time-limited infection in camels <4 years of age, particularly calves. delayed social separation of calves might reduce human infection risk. | 2015 | 25989145 |
| characterization of single-domain antibodies against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o from a camelid and imaging of fmdv in baby hamster kidney-21 cells with single-domain antibody-quantum dots probes. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to husbandry worldwide. the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs or single domain antibodies, sdabs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. | 2015 | 26001568 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus "mers-cov": current knowledge gaps. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans is now considered a pandemic threat to the gulf region. since its discovery in 2012, mers-cov has reached 23 countries affecting about 1100 people, including a dozen children, and claiming over 400 lives. compared to sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome), mers-cov appears to kill more people (40% versus 10%), more quickly, and is especially more severe in those with pre ... | 2015 | 26002405 |
| effect of oxytocin and pgf2α on chlortetracycline absorption from the uterus of early postpartum camels (camelus dromedarius). | fifteen parturient camels given chlortetracycline (ctc) as intrauterine pessaries (3 g/head) were divided into the control group (n = 5), which remained untreated, oxytocin-treated group (50 iu, intramuscular; n = 5), and cloprostenol-treated group (estrumate, 500 μg, intramuscular; n = 5). serum samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment and ctc was determined. the ctc appeared in blood within 1 hour. the maximum concentration of ctc was detected in blood afte ... | 2015 | 26004206 |
| camelid ig v genes reveal significant human homology not seen in therapeutic target genes, providing for a powerful therapeutic antibody platform. | camelid immunoglobulin variable (igv) regions were found homologous to their human counterparts; however, the germline v repertoires of camelid heavy and light chains are still incomplete and their therapeutic potential is only beginning to be appreciated. we therefore leveraged the publicly available htg and wgs databases of lama pacos and camelus ferus to retrieve the germline repertoire of v genes using human igv genes as reference. in addition, we amplified igkv and iglv genes to uncover the ... | 2015 | 26018625 |
| genomic data from extinct north american camelops revise camel evolutionary history. | recent advances in paleogenomic technologies have enabled an increasingly detailed understanding of the evolutionary relationships of now-extinct mammalian taxa. however, a number of enigmatic quaternary species have never been characterized with molecular data, often because available fossils are rare or are found in environments that are not optimal for dna preservation. here, we analyze paleogenomic data extracted from bones attributed to the late pleistocene western camel, camelops cf. heste ... | 2015 | 26037535 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel single-stranded, positive-sense rna betacoronavirus (mers-cov). dromedary camels, hosts for mers-cov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. the virus was first isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness in june, 2012, in jeddah, saudi arabia. as of may 31, 2015, 1180 laboratory-confirmed cases (48 ... | 2015 | 26049252 |
| anaplasma infection of bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) and ticks in xinjiang, china. | to date, anaplasmosis has been reported to be a subclinical disease in indian and arabian one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) and llamas (lama glama). however, no information on anaplasma infection in two-humped bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) in china has been published to date. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma spp. in domestic bactrian camels and ticks in xinjiang, china. | 2015 | 26055661 |
| study of lactic acid bacteria community from raw milk of iranian one humped camel and evaluation of their probiotic properties. | camel milk is amongst valuable food sources in iran. on the other hand, due to the presence of probiotic bacteria and bacteriocin producers in camel milk, probiotic bacteria can be isolated and identified from this food product. | 2015 | 26060561 |
| pet imaging of macrophage mannose receptor-expressing macrophages in tumor stroma using 18f-radiolabeled camelid single-domain antibody fragments. | tumor-associated macrophages constitute a major component of the stroma of solid tumors, encompassing distinct subpopulations with different characteristics and functions. we aimed to identify m2-oriented tumor-supporting macrophages within the tumor microenvironment as indicators of cancer progression and prognosis, using pet imaging. this can be realized by designing (18)f-labeled camelid single-domain antibody fragments (sdabs) specifically targeting the macrophage mannose receptor (mmr), whi ... | 2015 | 26069306 |
| seroepidemiology of q fever in one-humped camel population in northeast iran. | coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of important zoonotic q fever. it is the etiological agent of coxiellosis or q fever in animals and human. this seroepidemiological survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of coxiellosis in increasingly camel raised population in vast area of khorasan (north, south, and razavi) provinces, northeast iran. using cluster random sampling strategy, 167 camels in 11 counties were selected as serum samples. sera ... | 2015 | 26070292 |
| taxonomy and phylogeny of trichuris globulosa von linstow, 1901 from camels. a review of trichuris species parasitizing herbivorous. | at the present work, we carried out a morph-biometrical and molecular study of trichuris species isolated from camelus dromedarius from iran and from ovis aries from south africa comparatively with other species of trichuris from different herbivorous hosts and geographical regions. the population from camels from iran was identified as trichuris globulosa. two different morphometrically populations of trichuris sp. from sheep from south africa were identified: trichuris ovis and trichuris skrja ... | 2015 | 26070887 |
| trypanosome infection in dromedary camels in eastern ethiopia: prevalence, relative performance of diagnostic tools and host related risk factors. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in chifra and dewe districts of afar region, eastern ethiopia, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and host related risk factors of trypanosome infection in camel. an overall prevalence of 2%, 24.1%, 21.3%, 9.5% and 7.8% was recorded with respectively giemsa stained thin blood smear, catt/t. evansi, rotat1.2 pcr, 18s pcr and its-1pcr in a cohort of 399 animals. only one t. vivax infection was confirmed by tvprac pcr indicating t. ... | 2015 | 26071981 |
| identification of amino acid changes in the envelope glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from alpaca that may be involved in host adaptation. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are most commonly associated with infections of cattle. however, bvdv are often isolated from closely related ruminants with a number of bvdv-1b viruses being isolated from alpacas that were both acutely and persistently infected. the complete nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of eleven alpaca-adapted bvdv isolates and the region encoding the envelope glycoproteins of an additional three isolates were determined. with the exception of one, all alp ... | 2015 | 26072370 |
| biochemical and hormonal analysis of follicular fluid and serum of female dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) with different sized ovarian follicles. | the current study aimed to compare some biochemical and hormonal constituents in follicular fluids and serum of female dromedary camels with different sized ovarian follicles. therefore, follicular fluids from follicles sized 1.1-1.5cm (n=10), 1.6-2.1cm (n=10) and 2.2-2.5cm (n=10) and sera were harvested from 20 female camels. the concentrations of ascorbic acid, glucose, cholesterol and activities of acid phosphatase (acp) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) were not changed significantly neither in ... | 2015 | 26077770 |
| mers-cov in upper respiratory tract and lungs of dromedary camels, saudi arabia, 2013-2014. | to assess the temporal dynamics of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedary camels, specimens were collected at 1-2 month intervals from 2 independent groups of animals during april 2013-may 2014 in al-ahsa province, saudi arabia, and tested for mers-cov rna by reverse transcription pcr. of 96 live camels, 28 (29.2%) nasal swab samples were positive; of 91 camel carcasses, 56 (61.5%) lung tissue samples were positive. positive samples were more commonly foun ... | 2015 | 26079346 |
| absence of mers-coronavirus in bactrian camels, southern mongolia, november 2014. | 2015 | 26080032 | |
| [advances in the researches of genomic characterization and molecular detection of middel east respiratory syndrome coronavirus]. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was recently identified as a novel human coronavirus known to infect human with high mortality. it belongs to c clade of the betacoronavirus shown the similar genomic structure as other human coronaviruses.to date, some different subtypes of the viral genome were identified but its origin was unclear. some evidences indicated it maybe came from the bats or dromedary. and series of molecular detection methods have been established and applie ... | 2015 | 26081714 |
| molecular detection of novel anaplasmataceae closely related to anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | serological surveys have confirmed anaplasma marginale and anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in dromedary camels, but molecular surveys and genetic characterisation of camel-associated anaplasma species are lacking. in this study, we detected tick-borne anaplasmataceae in 30 of 100 (30%) healthy dromedary camels screened using a combined 16s rrna-groel pcr-sequencing approach. nucleotide sequencing confirmed anaplasmataceae genome presence in 28 of the 33 16s rrna pcr-positive samples, with t ... | 2015 | 26096752 |
| development of a new platform for secretory production of recombinant proteins in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been for long an industrial producer of various l-amino acids, nucleic acids, and vitamins, is now also regarded as a potential host for the secretory production of recombinant proteins. to harness its potential as an industrial platform for recombinant protein production, the development of an efficient secretion system is necessary. particularly, regarding protein production in large-scale bioreactors, it would be appropriate to develop a secretory express ... | 2016 | 26134574 |
| camelid heavy chain only antibody fragment domain against β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibits β-secretase activity in vitro and in vivo. | accumulation and aggregation of the amyloid-β (aβ) peptide is associated with alzheimer's disease (ad). aβ is generated from the amyloid precursor protein by the successive action of two membrane-associated processing enzymes: β-secretase or β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (bace1) and γ-secretase. inhibition of one or both of these enzymes prevents aβ generation and the accompanying aβ accumulation. antigen binding fragments from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (vhhs) w ... | 2015 | 26147692 |
| multiplex pcr for rapid diagnosis and differentiation of pox and pox-like diseases in dromedary camels. | pox and pox-like diseases of camels are a group of exanthematous skin conditions that have become increasingly important economically. three distinct viruses may cause them: camelpox virus (cmlv), camel parapox virus (cppv) and camelus dromedary papilloma virus (cdpv). these diseases are often difficult to differentiate based on clinical presentation in disease outbreaks. molecular methods such as pcr targeting species-specific genes have been developed and used to identify these diseases, but n ... | 2015 | 26148497 |
| evaluation of virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns of different candida species isolated from the female camel (camelus dromedarius) genital tract. | the purposes of this study were to investigate the enzymatic activity of different candida species and their antifungal susceptibility patterns. the study involved a total of 83 isolates of candida from the genital tract of the female camelus dromedarius. after species identification, the isolates were analysed for the production/activity of phospholipase, proteinase and haemolysin. in addition, the agar disc diffusion method was performed on the basis of clsi guidelines m44-a2 protocol for anti ... | 2015 | 26152466 |
| characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev), a novel hepatitis e virus, has been identified in dromedary camels in dubai, united arab emirates. the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus have been unclear. here we first used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the 13 and 111 n-terminus amino-acid-truncated dchev orf2 protein in insect tn5 cells, and we obtained two types of virus-like particles (vlps) with densities of 1.300 g/cm(3) and 1.285 g/cm(3), respect ... | 2015 | 26160190 |
| diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify hybridization between dromedary and bactrian camels. | the technique to produce hybrid tulu or nar camels from crosses between dromedary and bactrian camels is common throughout middle eastern and central asian countries. formerly, these hybrids were highly valued as strong and persistent pack animals but today are bred to improve milk or wool quality in the respective species and for camel wrestling. we developed a diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) panel to identify cryptic ancestry in f1 hybrids and their backcrosses by selecting loc ... | 2017 | 26161164 |
| synchronisation of the follicular wave with gnrh and pgf2α analogue for a timed breeding programme in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | this study was conducted to develop a hormone protocol that precisely synchronises follicular development for a timed breeding (tb) programme in dromedary camels. to examine the effect of gnrh treatment at four known stages of follicular development, animals were treated with gnrh when the largest follicle of the wave was 4-7, 8-11, 12-17 and 18-27 mm in diameter. transrectal ultrasonography was carried out daily up to 20 days after treatment. a hormone protocol (fwsynch) for the synchronisation ... | 2015 | 26164524 |
| streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus pleuropneumonia and peritonitis in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf in north america. | a 12-week-old female dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf was evaluated because of acute (< 24 hours) inappetence and lethargy. the calf was being bottle-fed because of maternal rejection. | 2015 | 26176731 |
| the de novo genome assembly and annotation of a female domestic dromedary of north african origin. | the single-humped dromedary (camelus dromedarius) is the most numerous and widespread of domestic camel species and is a significant source of meat, milk, wool, transportation and sport for millions of people. dromedaries are particularly well adapted to hot, desert conditions and harbour a variety of biological and physiological characteristics with evolutionary, economic and medical importance. to understand the genetic basis of these traits, an extensive resource of genomic variation is requi ... | 2015 | 26178449 |
| high proportion of mers-cov shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases, qatar 2014. | two of the earliest middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cases were men who had visited the doha central animal market and adjoining slaughterhouse in qatar. we show that a high proportion of camels presenting for slaughter in qatar show evidence for nasal mers-cov shedding (62/105). sequence analysis showed the circulation of at least five different virus strains at these premises, suggesting that this location is a driver of mers-cov circulation and a high-risk area for human exposure. no c ... | 2015 | 26183160 |
| identification of interleukin-26 in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius): evidence of alternative splicing and isolation of novel splice variants. | interleukin-26 (il-26) is a member of the il-10 family of cytokines. though conserved across vertebrates, the il-26 gene is functionally inactivated in a few mammals like rat, mouse and horse. we report here the identification, isolation and cloning of the cdna of il-26 from the dromedary camel. the camel cdna contains a 516 bp open reading frame encoding a 171 amino acid precursor protein, including a 21 amino acid signal peptide. sequence analysis revealed high similarity with other mammalian ... | 2015 | 26190308 |
| animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of mers-cov infection. commonly used laboratory animal species such as syrian hamsters, mice and ferrets are not susceptible to mers-cov, due to differences in the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the i ... | 2015 | 26192750 |
| occupational exposure to dromedaries and risk for mers-cov infection, qatar, 2013-2014. | we determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in persons in qatar with and without dromedary contact. antibodies were only detected in those with contact, suggesting dromedary exposure as a risk factor for infection. findings also showed evidence for substantial underestimation of the infection in populations at risk in qatar. | 2015 | 26196891 |
| managing mers-cov in the healthcare setting. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused at least 1118 reported cases in 24 countries with at least 423 deaths worldwide. all cases are epidemiologically linked to the arabian penninsula with most cases reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. mers-cov has three patterns of presentation: sporadic isolated cases, small clusters of intra-familial transmission and large healthcare-associated infections. the disease presentation varies from asymptomatic/mild cases to seve ... | 2015 | 26224424 |
| the "dromedary hump" appearance. | 2015 | 26227801 | |
| a new anaerobic fungus (oontomyces anksri gen. nov., sp. nov.) from the digestive tract of the indian camel (camelus dromedarius). | two cultures of anaerobic fungi were isolated from the forestomach of an indian camel (camelus dromedarius). phylogenetic analysis using both the internal transcribed spacer (its) and large-subunit (lsu) regions of the rrna locus demonstrated that these isolates were identical and formed a distinct clade within the anaerobic fungi (phylum neocallimastigomycota). morphological examination showed that these fungi formed monocentric thalli with filamentous rhizoids and uniflagellate zoospores, broa ... | 2015 | 26228561 |
| the arabian camel camelus dromedarius heat shock protein 90α: cdna cloning, characterization and expression. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a highly conserved ubiquitous molecular chaperone contributing to assisting folding, maintenance of structural integrity and proper regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. in the present study, a heat shock protein 90α full length coding cdna was isolated and cloned from the arabian one-humped camel by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the full length cdna sequence was submitted to ncbi genebank under the accession number kf612338. t ... | 2015 | 26234578 |
| structural insights into µ-opioid receptor activation. | activation of the μ-opioid receptor (μor) is responsible for the efficacy of the most effective analgesics. to shed light on the structural basis for μor activation, here we report a 2.1 å x-ray crystal structure of the murine μor bound to the morphinan agonist bu72 and a g protein mimetic camelid antibody fragment. the bu72-stabilized changes in the μor binding pocket are subtle and differ from those observed for agonist-bound structures of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2ar) and the m2 muscarini ... | 2015 | 26245379 |
| dromedary camels and the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an existential threat to global public health. the virus has been repeatedly detected in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). adult animals in many countries in the middle east as well as in north and east africa showed high (>90%) seroprevalence to the virus. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from dromedaries is genetically and phenotypically similar to viruses from humans. we summarize current understanding of th ... | 2017 | 26256102 |
| parasitological, serological and molecular survey of trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels from cholistan desert, pakistan. | surra, a vector borne disease caused by trypanosoma (t.) evansi, affects the health, productivity and working capacity of camels. since clinical signs are not pathognomonic, diagnosis must be confirmed by laboratory methods. this is a first study on the prevalence of surra in cholistan desert, pakistan using a broad variety of diagnostic tests thereby emphasizing it as a risk for the dromedaries of pakistan. | 2015 | 26259616 |
| phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on b2l gene sequence. | camel contagious ecthyma (cce) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (ppv) of the family poxviridae. the disease has been reported in west and east of the sudan causing economical losses. however, the ppvs that cause the disease in camels of the sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. at present, the ppv that cause cce cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. | 2015 | 26260127 |
| protection of farmed camels (camelus dromedarius): welfare problems and legislative perspective. | in the last years animal welfare has assumed an increasing interest in our society, influencing legislation to enact many provisions aimed at the protection of animals. along with increased consumer awareness of the need to maintain ethically acceptable conditions of raised animals, scientists too have begun to investigate the conditions of animal welfare, the tools for its evaluation and for its improvement. although there are many advances in knowledge, much remains to be investigated concerni ... | 2016 | 26260977 |
| heat-labile enterotoxin iia, a platform to deliver heterologous proteins into neurons. | cholera toxin (ct) and the related heat-labile enterotoxins (lt) of escherichia coli have been implicated as adjuvants in human therapies, but reactivity upon intranasal delivery dampened efforts to develop other clinical applications. however, each ct family member variant has unique biological properties that may warrant development as therapeutic platforms. in the current study, a nontoxic variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin iia (ltiia) was engineered to deliver heterologous, functional pr ... | 2015 | 26265718 |
| the role of intra-domain disulfide bonds in heat-induced irreversible denaturation of camelid single domain vhh antibodies. | camelid-derived single domain vhh antibodies are highly heat resistant, and the mechanism of heat-induced vhh denaturation predominantly relies on the chemical modification of amino acids. although chemical modification of disulfide bonds has been recognized as a cause for heat-induced denaturation of many proteins, there have been no mutagenesis studies, in which the number of disulfide bonds was controlled. in this article, we examined a series of mutants of two different vhhs with single, dou ... | 2016 | 26289739 |
| a novel astrovirus from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and its discovery from dromedary camels has boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. the existence of astroviruses (astvs) in dromedaries was previously unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel dromedary camel astv (dcastv) from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcastv was detected in faecal samples of four [three (1.5 %) adult dromedaries and one (8.3 %) dromedary ca ... | 2015 | 26296576 |
| pathology and diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in india. | the present study investigated the pathological features of tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis and its diagnosis in naturally infected dromedary camels from an organized farm in india. during the period of the 5-year study, a total of 18 (19.56 %) camels out of 92 examined showed gross lesions compatible with tb at post-mortem. the clinical signs and pathological lesions in these camels were studied, and the efficacy of different diagnostic tests was also assessed. on the basis of o ... | 2015 | 26298084 |
| [molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of the first mers case in turkey]. | coronaviruses (cov) are enveloped, spherical, single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses causing mainly respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. until recently five types of human coronaviruses (hcov-oc43, hcov-hku1, hcov-nl63, hcov-229e, sars-cov) have been known, however a novel cov has been identified in 2012 in saudi arabia. this virus, namely mers-cov (middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus), was classified within coronaviridae family, coronavirinae sub-family, bet ... | 2015 | 26313282 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. mers-cov is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. the occurrence of the virus was first reported in the middle east and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. nota ... | 2015 | 26315600 |
| the efficacy of controlled internal drug release (cidr) in synchronizing the follicular wave in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season. | the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of controlled internal drug release (cidr) to synchronize the follicular wave in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season through ovarian monitoring, evaluating sexual receptivity, and measuring progesterone (p4) and estradiol (e2) levels during and after cidr treatment. sixteen camels received a new cidr containing 1.9 g of p4 for 14 days. ultrasound ovarian monitoring was performed on the day of insertion and every 3 day ... | 2015 | 26329663 |