Publications

antimicrobial susceptibilities of 40 isolates of bacillus anthracis isolated in turkey.	forty clinical isolates of bacillus anthracis were studied. the mic(90) values of penicillin g, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin were 0.016, 0.03, 0.06, 0.06 and 0.12 mg/l, respectively. susceptibilities suggest that the quinolones may also be considered as an alternative therapy for anthrax.	2003	12842331
identification of bacillus anthracis by rpob sequence analysis and multiplex pcr.	comparative sequence analysis was performed upon bacillus anthracis and its closest relatives, b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. portions of rpob dna from 10 strains of b. anthracis, 16 of b. cereus, 10 of b. thuringiensis, 1 of b. mycoides, and 1 of b. megaterium were amplified and sequenced. the determined rpob sequences (318 bp) of the 10 b. anthracis strains, including five korean isolates, were identical to those of ames, florida, kruger b, and western na strains. strains of the "b. cereus gr ...	2003	12843020
performance assessment of three commercial assays for direct detection of bacillus anthracis spores.		2003	12843122
organization of a health-system pharmacy team to respond to episodes of terrorism.	the role of a pharmacy emergency response team (pert) trained to respond to episodes of terrorism involving chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (cbrn) agents is described. pharmacists must be prepared to support their health systems in responding to episodes of terrorism by detecting exposure to cbrn agents and mitigating, treating, and preventing casualties resulting from exposure to those agents. maimonides medical center, whose pharmacists responded to the medical and pharmaceutic ...	2003	12845922
painful lymphadenopathy and fulminant sepsis in a previously healthy 16-year-old girl.		2003	12853549
a b cell-based sensor for rapid identification of pathogens.	we report the use of genetically engineered cells in a pathogen identification sensor. this sensor uses b lymphocytes that have been engineered to emit light within seconds of exposure to specific bacteria and viruses. we demonstrated rapid screening of relevant samples and identification of a variety of pathogens at very low levels. because of its speed, sensitivity, and specificity, this pathogen identification technology could prove useful for medical diagnostics, biowarfare defense, food- an ...	2003	12855808
poly(gamma-d-glutamic acid) protein conjugates induce igg antibodies in mice to the capsule of bacillus anthracis: a potential addition to the anthrax vaccine.	both the protective antigen (pa) and the poly(gamma-d-glutamic acid) capsule (gamma dpga) are essential for the virulence of bacillus anthracis. a critical level of vaccine-induced igg anti-pa confers immunity to anthrax, but there is no information about the protective action of igg anti-gamma dpga. because the number of spores presented by bioterrorists might be greater than encountered in nature, we sought to induce capsular antibodies to expand the immunity conferred by available anthrax vac ...	2003	12857944
rickettsialpox in new york city: a persistent urban zoonosis.	rickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in new york city (nyc) in 1946. during the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in nyc. however, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. during february 2001 through august 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in nyc were confirmed at cdc from cutaneous biop ...	2003	12860597
decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta levels and related physiological changes in bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-treated macrophages.	the lethal factor (lf) component of bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (letx) cleaves mitogen activated protein kinase kinases (mapkks) in a variety of different cell types, yet only macrophages are rapidly killed by this toxin. the reason for this selective killing is unclear, but suggests other factors may also be involved in letx intoxication. in the current study, dna membrane arrays were used to identify broad changes in macrophage physiology after treatment with letx. expression of genes regu ...	2003	12864812
susceptibility of bacillus anthracis to eleven antimicrobial agents including novel fluoroquinolones and a ketolide.	to determine the susceptibility of southern african strains of bacillus anthracis to new, investigational agents as well as conventional antibiotics.	2003	12865385
the life of robert koch.		2003	12867708
aids research cut to pay for anthrax vaccine.		2003	12867943
impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin.	anthrax poses a clear and present danger as an agent of biological terrorism. infection with bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, if untreated can result in rampant bacteraemia, multisystem dysfunction and death. anthrax lethal toxin (lt) is a critical virulence factor of b. anthracis, which occurs as a complex of protective antigen and lethal factor. here we demonstrate that lt severely impairs the function of dendritic cells--which are pivotal to the establishment of immunity ag ...	2003	12867985
bacillus species proteins involved in spore formation and degradation: from identification in the genome, to sequence analysis, and determination of function and structure.	the members of bacillus species are gram-positive, ubiquitous spore-forming bacilli. several genomic sequences have been made available during recent years, including bacillus subtilis, a model organism among this genus, bacillus anthracis, and their analyses provided a wealth of information about spore-forming bacteria. some members of this species can cause serious diseases in livestock and humans. an important pathogen in this group of organisms is b. anthracis, which is the causative agent o ...	2003	12870714
the hidden lifestyles of bacillus cereus and relatives.	bacillus cereus sensu lato, the species group comprising bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus (sensu stricto), has previously been scrutinized regarding interspecies genetic correlation and pathogenic characteristics. so far, little attention has been paid to analysing the biological and ecological properties of the three species in their natural environments. in this review, we describe the b. cereus sensu lato living in a world on its own; all b. cereus sensu lato can grow ...	2003	12871230
genome-based bioinformatic selection of chromosomal bacillus anthracis putative vaccine candidates coupled with proteomic identification of surface-associated antigens.	bacillus anthracis (ames strain) chromosome-derived open reading frames (orfs), predicted to code for surface exposed or virulence related proteins, were selected as b. anthracis-specific vaccine candidates by a multistep computational screen of the entire draft chromosome sequence (february 2001 version, 460 contigs, the institute for genomic research, rockville, md.). the selection procedure combined preliminary annotation (sequence similarity searches and domain assignments), prediction of ce ...	2003	12874336
pathology and pathogenesis of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax.	during october and november 2001, public health authorities investigated 11 patients with inhalational anthrax related to a bioterrorism attack in the united states. formalin-fixed samples from 8 patients were available for pathological and immunohistochemical (ihc) study using monoclonal antibodies against the bacillus anthracis cell wall and capsule. prominent serosanguinous pleural effusions and hemorrhagic mediastinitis were found in 5 patients who died. pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest r ...	2003	12875989
patient and family physician preferences for care and communication in the eventuality of anthrax terrorism.	the threat of bioterrorism consequent to the september 11, 2001 attack in the usa generated suggestions for improved medical response mainly through hospital preparedness.	2003	12876118
efficacy and durability of bacillus anthracis bacteriophages used against spores.	antibiotics and vaccines help fight anthrax disease, but there are no anthrax spore control methods suitable for use in environments where humans are present. the work reported in this article indicates that bacteriophages may help reduce risk from anthrax spores. dose-response studies demonstrated that higher concentrations of mixed bacillus anthracis bacteriophages (3.5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units per milliliter) inhibited subsequent growth of bacteria when sprayed on b. anthracis spores. pha ...	2003	12879575
anthrax toxin: structures, functions and tumour targeting.	anthrax toxin, the major virulence factor of bacillus anthracis, consists of three polypeptides: protective antigen (prag), lethal factor (lf) and oedema factor (ef). to intoxicate mammalian cells, prag binds to its cellular receptors and is subsequently activated via proteolysis, yielding a carboxyl-terminal fragment which coordinately assembles to form heptamers that bind and translocate lf and ef into the cytosol to exert their cytotoxic effects. substantial progress has been made in recent y ...	2003	12880383
production and proteolytic assay of lethal factor from bacillus anthracis.	bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. the major virulence factors are a poly-d-glutamic acid capsule and three-protein component exotoxin, protective antigen (pa, 83 kda), lethal factor (lf, 90 kda), and edema factor (ef, 89 kda), respectively. these three proteins individually have no known toxic activities, but in combination with pa form two toxins (lethal toxin or edema toxin), causing different pathogenic responses in animals and cultured cells. in this study, we constructed ...	2003	12880779
the world of microbes 2002: scientific advances and challenges--impressions and highlights from the 12th congress of virology.	thousands of scientists participated in the world of microbes congress, which was organized by the international union of the microbiological societies (iums) and took place in the palais de congres in paris, france from 27 july to 1 august 2002. the attendees were members of the iums divisions of bacteriology and applied microbiology, mycology, and virology. in addition to the symposia that were organized by each division, joined plenary symposia were held, which encompassed subjects of common ...	2002	12881634
the metalloproteolytic activity of the anthrax lethal factor is substrate-inhibited.	the anthrax lethal factor (lf) is a zn2+ endopeptidase specific for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mapkks), which are cleaved within their n termini. here, the proteolytic activity of lf has been investigated using novel chromogenic mapkk-derived peptide substrates, which allowed us to determine the kinetic parameters of the reaction. lf displayed maximal proteolytic activity at the ph and temperature values of the cell cytosol, which is its site of action. lf undergoes substrate inhi ...	2003	12888555
decontamination by fumigation.	since the terrorist attack on the world trade centre on september 11th 2001, and the subsequent deliberate release of anthrax spores into the postal system of the usa, nhs hospitals and microbiology pathology laboratories have had to consider how they would respond to a release of a hazardous biological agent. this article looks at the procedure of fumigation of a known contaminated area following spillage or handling of a biological agent, and considers the additional problems that would occur ...	2003	12889302
modeling the optimum duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in an anthrax outbreak.	a critical consideration in effective and measured public health responses to an outbreak of inhalational anthrax is the optimum duration of antibiotic prophylaxis. we develop a competing-risks model to address the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incubation period that accounts for the risks of spore germination and spore clearance. the model predicts the incubation period distribution, which is confirmed by empirical data. the optimum duration of antibiotic prophylaxis depends critic ...	2003	12890865
kakadumycins, novel antibiotics from streptomyces sp nrrl 30566, an endophyte of grevillea pteridifolia.	an endophytic streptomycete (nrrl 30566) is described and partially characterized from a fern-leaved grevillea (grevillea pteridifolia) tree growing in the northern territory of australia. this endophytic streptomycete produces, in culture, novel antibiotics - the kakadumycins. methods are outlined for the production and chemical characterization of kakadumycin a and related compounds. this antibiotic is structurally related to a quinoxaline antibiotic, echinomycin. each contains, by virtue of t ...	2003	12892881
deletion mutants of protective antigen that inhibit anthrax toxin both in vitro and in vivo.	the anthrax toxin complex is primarily responsible for most of the symptoms of anthrax. this complex is composed of three proteins, anthrax protective antigen, anthrax edema factor, and anthrax lethal factor. the three proteins act in binary combination of protective antigen plus edema factor (edema toxin) and protective antigen plus lethal factor (lethal toxin) that paralyze the host defenses and eventually kill the host. both edema factor and lethal factor are intracellularly acting proteins t ...	2003	12893241
public health's response to a changed world: september 11, biological terrorism, and the development of an environmental health tracking network.	historically, the importance of public health has often been recognized during or as a result of major tragedy. the attacks that occurred in the united states in 2001 are no exception. these events have raised awareness of our vulnerability and the need for emergency preparedness, the need for a flexible and sustainable public health infrastructure, and the importance of linkages between environmental exposures and health outcomes. the authors encourage the public health community, along with po ...	2003	12893600
anthrax delivers a lethal blow to host immunity.		2003	12894159
anxiety-related visits to ontario physicians following september 11, 2001.	to determine whether the climate of increased anxiety following the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001, and the subsequent anthrax cases led to increased anxiety-related physician visits.	2003	12894617
anthrax refusers: a 2nd infantry division perspective.	the department of defense anthrax vaccination program has been in the news often recently. concerns are cited over the safety and usefulness of the vaccine. this brief report describes some of the characteristics of anthrax vaccine refusers. this report examines the implementation of an anthrax vaccination program in a well-disciplined, forward-deployed army unit facing a hostile enemy with access to anthrax biological warfare stocks.	2003	12901458
[survival of bacillus anthracis spores in baths using modern technologic tannery processes].	the influence of skin tannery baths, according as wet-blue, wet-white and plant technology, on b. anthracis spores survival was investigated. as a result of this study there was explained that lime bath do not inactivated of all spores that are present in infected bath. as a result of these experiments the spores were inactivated completely not before pickle bath.	2003	12908413
[experimental infections and colonization of porcine skin samples with b. anthracis].	in this study there was demonstrated the process of appearance and intensity of colonisation of the swine's skin samples by exposing them on agar plate cultures or immersed in liquid cultures of b. anthracis. the results of research were documented with photos of coloured histological preparations. as a result of the research there was demonstrated the possibility of infection and colonisation of skin consignment by b. anthracis from accidental located skin of died or killed animals because of a ...	2003	12908414
comprehensive aligned sequence construction for automated design of effective probes (cascade-p) using 16s rdna.	motivation: prokaryotic organisms have been identified utilizing the sequence variation of the 16s rrna gene. variations steer the design of dna probes for the detection of taxonomic groups or specific organisms. the long-term goal of our project is to create probe arrays capable of identifying 16s rdna sequences in unknown samples. this necessitated the authentication, categorization and alignment of the >75 000 publicly available '16s' sequences. preferably, the entire process should be comput ...	2003	12912825
application of comparative genomics in the identification and analysis of novel families of membrane-associated receptors in bacteria.	a great diversity of multi-pass membrane receptors, typically with 7 transmembrane (tm) helices, is observed in the eukaryote crown group. so far, they are relatively rare in the prokaryotes, and are restricted to the well-characterized sensory rhodopsins of various phototropic prokaryotes.	2003	12914674
terahertz imaging: t-ray specs.		2003	12917655
bioterrorism: a new frontier for drug discovery and development.	only a few years ago bioterrorism was considered a remote concern but today it has reached the forefront of the public imagination following recent terrorist attacks around the world. the disaster of september 11 2001, followed by anthrax letters sent via the us postal system, and now the renewed tension in the middle east, have all brought the possibility of bioterrorism a little closer to reality. a number of biological agents could be used in a terrorist attack, including anthrax, botulinum, ...	2003	12917773
[preparation of gene chip probes for bacillus anthracis protective antigen].	to study the method for rapid preparation of the gene chip probes for bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pag).	2003	12919907
pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis).	anthrax is considered a serious biowarfare and bioterrorism threat because of its high lethality, especially by the inhalation route. rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) are the most commonly used nonhuman primate model of human inhalation anthrax exposure. the nonavailability of rhesus macaques necessitated development of an alternate model for vaccine testing and immunologic studies. this report describes the median lethal dose (ld(50)) and pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus macaques ( ...	2003	12920249
regulation of the g2/m transition in oocytes of xenopus tropicalis.	the molecular events regulating hormone-induced oocyte activation and meiotic maturation are probably best understood in xenopus laevis. in x. laevis, progesterone activates the g2-arrested oocyte, induces entry into m phase of meiosis i (mi) and resumption of the meiotic cell cycles, and leads to the formation of a mature, fertilizable egg. oocytes of xenopus tropicalis offer several practical advantages over those of x. laevis, including faster and more synchronous meiotic cell cycle progressi ...	2003	12921744
comparison of individual and combination dna vaccines for b. anthracis, ebola virus, marburg virus and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.	multiagent dna vaccines for highly pathogenic organisms offer an attractive approach for preventing naturally occurring or deliberately introduced diseases. few animal studies have compared the feasibility of combining unrelated gene vaccines. here, we demonstrate that dna vaccines to four dissimilar pathogens that are known biowarfare agents, bacillus anthracis, ebola (ebov), marburg (marv), and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), can elicit protective immunity in relevant animal model ...	2003	12922144
[analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors].	information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ...	2002	12924012
automated syndromic surveillance for the 2002 winter olympics.	the 2002 olympic winter games were held in utah from february 8 to march 16, 2002. following the terrorist attacks on september 11, 2001, and the anthrax release in october 2001, the need for bioterrorism surveillance during the games was paramount. a team of informaticists and public health specialists from utah and pittsburgh implemented the real-time outbreak and disease surveillance (rods) system in utah for the games in just seven weeks. the strategies and challenges of implementing such a ...	2003	12925547
anthrax: a review for the medical officer.		2003	12929516
bioterrorism: preparing for the unthinkable.	terrorism is not a new concept but our need to prepare for the effects of bioterrorism has achieved a particular urgency. the use of biological agents provides a new set of challenges to professional caregivers, emergency personnel and governments. these agents are generally not readily identified through the senses, have delayed effects and have the power to generate fear and panic. they are also intended to demonstrate that governments and other organisations are not able to protect their citi ...	2003	12929520
[clinical course of pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area similar to anthrax manifestations].		2003	12931428
the statistical analysis of truncated data: application to the sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak.	an outbreak of anthrax occurred in the city of sverdlovsk in russia in the spring of 1979. the outbreak was due to the inhalation of spores that were accidentally released from a military microbiology facility. in response to the outbreak a public health intervention was mounted that included distribution of antibiotics and vaccine. the objective of this paper is to develop and apply statistical methodology to analyse the sverdlovsk outbreak, and in particular to estimate the incubation period o ...	2001	12933552
fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies on anthrax lethal toxin.	anthrax lethal toxin is a binary bacterial toxin consisting of two proteins, protective antigen (pa) and lethal factor (lf), that self-assemble on receptor-bearing eukaryotic cells to form toxic, non-covalent complexes. pa(63), a proteolytically activated form of pa, spontaneously oligomerizes to form ring-shaped heptamers that bind lf and translocate it into the cell. site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute cysteine for each of three residues (n209, e614 and e733) at various levels on ...	2003	12935906
systemic and mucosal antibody responses following retroductal gene transfer to the salivary gland.	gene transfer to salivary glands by retrograde perfusion of the salivary duct has been shown to result in production of the encoded protein. we sought to determine if this technique would be useful for genetic immunization. in studies that compare delivery of dna to either the salivary gland (sg) or muscle (im), mean plasma igg and iga titers obtained following sg delivery were 46- and 86-fold greater, respectively, than those following im delivery. we also tested the hypothesis that sg vaccinat ...	2003	12946312
the host response to anthrax lethal toxin: unexpected observations.	bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is believed to induce disease and death in humans in an endotoxic shock-like manner. a comprehensive study of the effects of anthrax toxin in mice demonstrates that toxin-induced death is mediated not by cytokine release, as previously thought, but by hypoxia-induced liver failure. the study strongly suggests that the therapies developed for treatment of cytokine-mediated septic shock will not be appropriate for the treatment of anthrax.	2003	12952914
bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces tnf-alpha-independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice.	bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (lt) is the major virulence factor of anthrax and reproduces most of the laboratory manifestations of the disease in animals. we studied lt toxicity in balb/cj and c57bl/6j mice. balb/cj mice became terminally ill earlier and with higher frequency than c57bl/6j mice. timed histopathological analysis identified bone marrow, spleen, and liver as major affected organs in both mouse strains. lt induced extensive hypoxia. crisis was due to extensive liver necrosis acco ...	2003	12952916
morphology of the type strain of bacillus anthracis ey 3169t=atcc 14578t grown either aerobically or anaerobically on agar plates--observation by light and laser microscopes.	growth characteristics including cell-arrangement of the type strain of bacillus anthracis ey 3169t=atcc 14578t grown on agar plates in level 3 laboratory were observed by both light and laser microscopes. small daughter colonies appeared on parent colonies grown on 5% sheep blood or chocolate agar plates after 12 days incubation at room temperature. daughter colonies, stained by wirtz-conklin method, were composed with vegetative cells and spores. growth of daughter colonies might be supported ...	2003	12953842
bacillus anthracis diversity in the far east of russia.		2003	12954974
phage therapy: a reappraisal of bacteriophages as antibiotics.	the concept of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections was born with the discovery of the bacteriophage almost a century ago. after a chequered history, its current renaissance is fueled by the dangerous appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a global scale. as a mark of this renewed interest, the unanswered problems of phage therapy are now being addressed, especially for human use. phage therapy in the agricultural, food-processing and fishery industries is already being successful ...	2003	12956433
md simulations of anthrax edema factor: calmodulin complexes with mutations in the edema factor "switch a" region and docking of 3'-deoxy atp into the adenylyl cyclase active site of wild-type and mutant edema factor variants.	bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming infectious bacterium, produces an exotoxin, called the edema factor (ef), that functions in part by disrupting internal signalling pathways. when complexed with human host cell calmodulin (cam), ef becomes an active adenylyl cyclase, producing the internal signal substance cyclic-amp in an uncontrolled fashion. recently, the crystal structures for uncomplexed ef and ef:cam complexes in the presence and absence of a substrate analog (3'-deoxy-atp), were reporte ...	2003	12956602
responding to a bioterrorist attack: environmental investigation of anthrax in new jersey.	a bioterrorism attack using the united states postal system to deliver a hazardous biological agent to specific targets created multiple environmental and occupational exposure risks along the path of the anthrax-containing letters. on october 18, 2001, a suspected case of cutaneous anthrax was confirmed in a postal worker from the trenton processing and distribution center where at least four suspect letters were postmarked. over the next three weeks, a team of investigators collected samples a ...	2003	12959889
a dually active anthrax vaccine that confers protection against both bacilli and toxins.	systemic anthrax is caused by unimpeded bacillar replication and toxin secretion. we developed a dually active anthrax vaccine (daav) that confers simultaneous protection against both bacilli and toxins. daav was constructed by conjugating capsular poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid (pga) to protective antigen (pa), converting the weakly immunogenic pga to a potent immunogen, and synergistically enhancing the humoral response to pa. pga-specific antibodies bound to encapsulated bacilli and promoted the ...	2003	12960361
a devastating case of severe cutaneous anthrax in a sicilian shepherd.		2003	12960892
cutaneous anthrax.		2002	12962591
an enzymatic electrochemiluminescence assay for the lethal factor of anthrax.	the lethal factor (lf) of anthrax toxin is the toxic component of the exotoxin (lethal toxin) secreted by toxic strains of bacillus anthracis. the lethal factor is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease that specifically cleaves the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mapkk) family of enzymes. we took advantage of this substrate specificity to develop an electrochemiluminescence (ecl) peptide cleavage assay. the ecl assay uses the stable ruthenium (ru) metal chelate that, in the presence of tripr ...	2003	12963063
a pcr-based anthrax detector.		2003	12964729
accuracy of screening for inhalational anthrax after a bioterrorist attack.	bioterrorism using anthrax claimed five lives in the united states in 2001 and remains a potential public health threat. in the aftermath of a large-scale anthrax attack, mass screening to identify early inhalational anthrax may improve both the management of individual cases and the efficiency of health resource utilization.	2003	12965942
a triage algorithm for inhalational anthrax.		2003	12965947
summaries for patients. screening for inhalational anthrax after a bioterrorist attack.		2003	12965957
detecting bioterror attacks by screening blood donors: a best-case analysis.	to assess whether screening blood donors could provide early warning of a bioterror attack, we combined stochastic models of blood donation and the workings of blood tests with an epidemic model to derive the probability distribution of the time to detect an attack under assumptions favorable to blood donor screening. comparing the attack detection delay to the incubation times of the most feared bioterror agents shows that even under such optimistic conditions, victims of a bioterror attack wou ...	2003	12967486
nonhemolytic, nonmotile gram-positive rods indicative of bacillus anthracis.	we report a 40-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital because of a left ovarian mass torsion. a nonhemolytic, nonmotile bacillus, suspicious of bacillus anthracis, was isolated from a blood culture. we discuss the evaluation that led to the final identification of the bacterium as b. megaterium.	2003	12967505
identifying and subtyping species of dangerous pathogens by automated ribotyping.	an investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rrna operon ribotyping (riboprinter system) to identify species. a total of 26 isolates comprising bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., burkholderia mallei, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis were tested using restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, pvuii and asei. the main problem was that the system's database-relying on ecori as restriction enzyme-does not contain the essential dange ...	2003	12967744
rapid and effective detection of anthrax spores in soil by pcr.	to detect bacillus anthracis dna from soil using rapid and simple procedures.	2003	12969286
control and prevention of emerging zoonoses.	emerging and re-emerging zoonoses are zoonotic diseases caused by either totally new or partially new agents or by microorganisms previously known but now occurring in places or in species where the disease was previously unknown. zoonotic diseases account for the majority of all emerging infectious diseases. several factors have led to the emergence of these infections, including human demographics, the industrialization of food production, globalization, international travel and commerce, land ...	2003	12970860
preparing for bioterrorism in north carolina.		2002	12970969
anthrax scare in buncombe county. a lesson in the basics of bioterrorism preparedness.		2002	12970972
a poor experience with anthrax.		2003	12973260
mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene-2 result in the allelic disorders juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis.	juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (jhf) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ish) are autosomal recessive syndromes of unknown etiology characterized by multiple, recurring subcutaneous tumors, gingival hypertrophy, joint contractures, osteolysis, and osteoporosis. both are believed to be allelic disorders; ish is distinguished from jhf by its more severe phenotype, which includes hyaline deposits in multiple organs, recurrent infections, and death within the first 2 years of life. using the previousl ...	2003	12973667
biodefense: medicine in the time of bioterrorism.		2003	12973895
[confronting bioterrorism: epidemiologic, clinical, and preventive aspects of smallpox].	the worldwide eradication of smallpox, a major achievement in public health, is currently threatened by the risk of bioterrorism. the debate on the destruction of the variola virus in the two reference laboratories of the world health organization has dramatically switched to the preservation of the remaining virus after the september 2001 terrorist events in the u.s. along with the intentional release of bacillus anthracis in the u.s. the risk of intentional release of variola virus constitutes ...	2003	12974047
[case of anthrax; unknown origin; aureomycin and terramycin therapy; recovery].		1952	12978761
anthrax in ohio swine.		1952	12983555
occurrence of anthrax bacilli in the carpet-wool industry in the united states.		1952	12984853
[culture of bacillus anthracis in a calcium medium and in an oxalate medium].		1952	12986343
[clinical radiology of anthrax of the kidney].		1952	12987163
[bacterial spores and liberation of heat by nucleotides].		1952	12994634
[birefrigence in cultures of bacillus anthracis].		1952	12998614
[rare case of meningitis from bacillus anthracis].		1952	12998979
recovery from anthrax meningitis.		1952	12999343
anthrax.		1952	13001187
management of an outbreak of anthrax.		1952	13011232
[anthrax of the liver].		1952	13014514
[investigations in control of occupational anthrax. vii. effects of aliphatic carbonic acids and of hydrorhodanic acid on anthrax spores].		1952	13015973
[in vivo effect of magnesium marrubylmarrubinate on experimental anthrax in the chicken and in vitro effect on bacillus anthracis].		1952	13020164
anthrax-an interesting case.		1952	13022478
variation of bacillus anthracis with special reference to the non-capsulated avirulent variant.		1952	13022960
treatment of anthrax, botulism, snakebite and mushroom poisoning.		1953	13025356
epidemiological and control aspects of anthrax.		1953	13027531
[anthrax of the eyelid].		1952	13028584
[anthrax of the kidney; contribution to diagnosis and therapy].		1953	13031833
anthrax; response to terramycin therapy.		1953	13044686
occupation and health.		1953	13046762
anthrax in the united states.		1953	13047539
bacillus anthracis; observations on in vitro sensitivity to seven antibiotics with a comment on therapeutic implications.		1953	13050176
the effect of dielectric heat on anthrax spores under feed bag processing plant conditions.		1953	13050898