Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| antibiotic resistance patterns among respiratory pathogens at a german university children's hospital over a period of 10 years. | growing antimicrobial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is raising major concern worldwide. strains of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolated from children with respiratory tract as well as invasive infection in a south-western region of germany between 1993 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to common antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. a total of 2,362 s. pneumoniae, 2,501 h. influenz ... | 2006 | 16133241 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in children in geneva, switzerland. | bacteria increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major treatment concern of respiratory tract pathogens in children. the aim of this study was to assess the trends of resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to several classes of antibiotics in children<16 years of age and to compare its prevalence with surrounding countries. we studied retrospectively the susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from specimens collected from pati ... | 2006 | 16133242 |
| microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. | we undertook to evaluate the microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (aecs). | 2005 | 16134356 |
| ionic binding of c3 to the human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is a unique mechanism for combating innate immunity. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2 (uspa1/a2) interfere with the classical pathway of the complement system by binding c4b-binding protein. in this study we demonstrate that m. catarrhalis uspa1 and a2 noncovalently and in a dose-dependent manner bind both the third component of complement (c3) from edta-treated serum and methylamine-treated c3. in contrast, related moraxella subspecies (n = 13) or other human pathogenic bacteria (n = 13) do not bind c3 or methylamine-tr ... | 2005 | 16148107 |
| clinical and bacterial characteristics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in children in the antibiotic resistance era. | acute conjunctivitis is the most common eye disorder in young children. bacteria are responsible for 54-73% of all cases. the goals of the study were to identify the rates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in cases of bacterial conjunctivitis in children and to define antibiotic resistance rates. | 2005 | 16148850 |
| characterization of a novel porin protein from moraxella catarrhalis and identification of an immunodominant surface loop. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections. in this study we report a novel outer membrane protein (omp), designated m35, with a molecular mass of 36.1 kda. this protein was structurally homologous to classic gram-negative porins, such as omp c from escherichia coli and omp k36 from klebsiella pneumoniae, with a predicted structure of 8 surface loops and 16 antiparallel beta-sheets. the dna sequences of the genes from 18 diverse ... | 2005 | 16159786 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2003)]. | from october 2003 to september 2004, we collected the specimen from 399 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 12 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 474 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 469 strains were examined. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 76, streptoco ... | 2005 | 16161758 |
| effects of amoxicillin and cefdinir on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. | to compare the effects of cefdinir (14 mg/kg per day) and amoxicillin (90 mg/kg per day) antimicrobial therapy on the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media. | 2005 | 16172355 |
| human antibody response to outer membrane protein g1a, a lipoprotein of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and of otitis media in children. outer membrane protein (omp) g1a is an approximately 29-kda surface lipoprotein and is a potential vaccine candidate. the gene that encodes omp g1a was expressed and purified using a novel plasmid vector. [(3)h]palmitic acid labeling demonstrated that both native and recombinant omp g1a contain covalently bound palmitic acid. to assess ... | 2005 | 16177336 |
| development of a shuttle vector for moraxella catarrhalis. | efforts to perform genetic analysis in moraxella catarrhalis have been hampered by the lack of a cloning vector. m. catarrhalis strain e22 was previously shown to contain plasmid plq510 which lacked a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. several methods were used to eliminate unnecessary dna from plq510. then, a 1.2 kb spectinomycin resistance cartridge, a multiple cloning site, and the origin of replication from pacyc184 were cloned into this plasmid backbone to obtain the 7.2 kb plasmid pw ... | 2006 | 16188314 |
| novel, single-dose microsphere formulation of azithromycin versus 7-day levofloxacin therapy for treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | this randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study was designed to demonstrate that a single 2.0-g oral dose of a novel microsphere formulation of azithromycin was at least as effective as 7 days of levofloxacin, 500 mg/day, in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (fine classes i, ii, and iii). in total, 427 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a single 2.0-g dose of azithromycin microspheres (n = 213) or a 7-day regimen of levofloxacin ... | 2005 | 16189077 |
| evaluation of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, for treatment of experimental mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. we evaluated the efficacy of lbm415, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor antimicrobial agent, for the treatment of m. pneumoniae pneumonia in a mouse model. eight-week-old balb/c mice were intranasally inoculated once with 10(7) cfu of m. pneumoniae. groups of mice were treated with lbm415 (50 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo subcutaneously daily for 13 days, starting 24 h after inoculation. groups of mice were evaluated a ... | 2005 | 16189089 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of sm-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. | sm-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. in agar dilution susceptibility testing, the mic of sm-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains tested (mic(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. sm-216601 was also very potent against enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (mic(90) = 8 microg/ml). sm-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 2005 | 16189097 |
| in vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to garenoxacin and da-7867. | the in vitro activities of da-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, and garenoxacin (bms-284756) were compared to those of linezolid in 67 susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. da-7867 was the most active drug with an mic(90) of 0.125 microg/ml, compared to the mic(90)s of 4 microg/ml of garenoxacin and 2 microg/ml of linezolid. | 2005 | 16189119 |
| sensitivity of respiratory bacteria to lignocaine. | lignocaine, a topical anaesthetic agent, is generally used in variable concentrations usually between 2% and 4% on the vocal cords prior to flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) procedures. the aim of this study was to investigate whether 2% or 1% lignocaine significantly inhibits the growth of organisms commonly found in the respiratory tract, in particular streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2005 | 16194830 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| [bacteriological study of chronic sinusitis]. | to explore the characteristics of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis (cr) and antibiotic-resistance. | 2005 | 16200963 |
| a gonococcal homologue of meningococcal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene is a new type of bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent. | it has been speculated that the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) gene is present only in neisseria meningitidis and not among related species such as neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria lactamica, because n. meningitidis is the only bacterium with ggt activity. however, nucleotide sequences highly homologous to the meningococcal ggt gene were found in the genomes of n. gonorrhoeae isolates. | 2005 | 16202144 |
| single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | azithromycin is an azalide with in vitro activity against otitis media pathogens, good middle ear penetration and a prolonged half-life. a total of four clinical trials have evaluated the clinical success rate, safety and compliance of single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) in the treatment of children with otitis media. among all the patients treated with single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg), and presented previously in four published clinical trials, end-of-treatment clinical success was 88% (544 ... | 2005 | 16207162 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| alpha1-antitrypsin inhibits moraxella catarrhalis mid protein-induced tonsillar b cell proliferation and il-6 release. | alpha1-antitrypsin (aat) is a major circulating and tissues inhibitor of serine proteinases implicated in the regulation of inflammation and host defence. there is now increasing evidence that aat may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities independent of its protease inhibitor function. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of native (inhibitory) and polymerized (non-inhibitory) forms of aat on mid (moraxella igd binding protein)-induced human tonsillar b cell activation in vit ... | 2006 | 16214222 |
| abc transporter ftsabcd of streptococcus pyogenes mediates uptake of ferric ferrichrome. | the streptococcus pyogenes or group a streptococcus (gas) genome encodes three abc transporters, namely, ftsabcd, mtsabc, and htsabc, which share homology with iron transporters. mtsabc and htsabc are believed to take up ferric (fe3+) and manganese ions and heme, respectively, while the specificity of ftsabcd is unknown. | 2005 | 16225685 |
| eradication of pathogens from the nasopharynx after therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with low- or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. | the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin can be overcome by increasing the dose of the penicillin administered. this generated the recommendation that the adult dose of amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) be increased from 1.5 g/day to 4.0 g/day. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the higher dose of amoxicillin is more effective than the previously recommended dose in eradicating s. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of patien ... | 2005 | 16226017 |
| role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | the goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. strain 2951 and its p(k) mutant strain 2951 gale were used in this study. this study suggests that the p(k) epitope of los is not an adhesin for m. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment. | 2005 | 16237271 |
| [efficacy and safety of extended-release clarithromycin (5-day short-course) vs telithromycin, in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | the extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (cla-er) allows using this macrolide as a single daily dose. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cla-er formulation (500 mgx2) vs telithromycin (teli) (400 mgx2) as a short course 5-day treatment, once a day, in patients with aecb. | 2005 | 16239090 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate. | lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component of moraxella catarrhalis and a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by this organism. the presence of los on the bacterium is an obstacle to the development of vaccines derived from whole cells or outer membrane components of the bacterium. an lpxa gene encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase responsible for the first step of lipid a biosynthesis was identified by the construction and characteriza ... | 2005 | 16239560 |
| sputum bacteriology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant pneumonia in hong kong. | to study the sputum microbiology of patients admitted to a teaching hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) with concomitant pneumonia. | 2005 | 16248860 |
| efficacy of penicillin versus cefdinir in eradication of group a streptococci and tonsillar flora. | core tonsillar cultures were obtained from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis treated with either penicillin or cefdinir. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.001) patients. beta-lactamase producers were recovered from 17 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.01) patients. inhibiting alpha-hemolytic streptococci were isolated less often from penicillin-treated patients than from cefdinir-treated patients. | 2005 | 16251332 |
| recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. the numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. however, the number of interfering prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment. | 2005 | 16251334 |
| [study of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin]. | to evaluate the dosing regimens of levofloxacin. | 2005 | 16255991 |
| susceptibility patterns for amoxicillin/clavulanate tests mimicking the licensed formulations and pharmacokinetic relationships: do the mic obtained with 2:1 ratio testing accurately reflect activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis? | amoxicillin/clavulanate has recently undergone formulation changes (xr and es-600) that represent 14:1 and 16:1 ratios of amoxicillin/clavulanate. these ratios greatly differ from the 2:1 ratio used in initial formulations and in vitro susceptibility testing. the objective of this study was to determine if the reference method using a 2:1 ratio accurately reflects the susceptibility to the various clinically used amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations and their respective serum concentration ratio ... | 2005 | 16257168 |
| antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis isolated from otolaryngological infectious diseases. | in 2003, the japan society for infectious diseases in otolaryngology conducted its third nationwide survey of clinical isolates from otolaryngological infectious diseases. we selected three primary causative organisms of otolaryngological infectious diseases, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis, and evaluated their sensitivities to tosufloxacin (tflx), a new oral quinolone, because the survey revealed a rise in drug-resistant strains, suggestin ... | 2005 | 16258823 |
| a rare cause of specific cough in a child: the importance of following-up children with chronic cough. | for many years, the term 'specific cough' has been used as a clinical cough descriptor in children to signify the likelihood of an underlying disease causing the cough. in this case study, we describe a child with specific cough caused by a rare carcinoma, a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus. the cough only totally resolved after the primary cause was successfully treated. this report highlights the importance of following up children with cough, especially those with specific cough. | 2005 | 16270935 |
| cough: are children really different to adults? | worldwide paediatricians advocate that children should be managed differently from adults. in this article, similarities and differences between children and adults related to cough are presented. physiologically, the cough pathway is closely linked to the control of breathing (the central respiratory pattern generator). as respiratory control and associated reflexes undergo a maturation process, it is expected that the cough would likewise undergo developmental stages as well. clinically, the ' ... | 2005 | 16270937 |
| specific and sensitive detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | early diagnosis of neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is important with regard to patients' health and infectivity. we report the development of a specific and sensitive taqman assay for the detection of n. gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. the target sequence is a 76-bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of the opa genes that encode opacity proteins. a panel of 448 well-defined n. gonorrhoeae isolates was used to evaluate and optimize the assay. the method employs two minor-groove binding prob ... | 2005 | 16272500 |
| [nasopharyngeal and middle ear flora in children with acute otitis media]. | nasopharyngeal flora can be a reservoir of bacteria caused acute otitis media in children. the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with acute otitis media. the study comprised 128 children ages 1 year to 14 years with diagnosed of acute otitis media with purulent discharge. the nasopharyngeal and middle ear samples were collected at the same time. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates ... | 2005 | 16273858 |
| human c4b-binding protein selectively interacts with neisseria gonorrhoeae and results in species-specific infection. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a disease that is restricted to humans. complement forms a key arm of the innate immune system that combats gonococcal infections. n. gonorrhoeae uses its outer membrane porin (por) molecules to bind the classical pathway of complement down-regulatory protein c4b-binding protein (c4bp) to evade killing by human complement. strains of n. gonorrhoeae that resisted killing by human serum complement were killed by serum from rodent, lagomorp ... | 2005 | 16275906 |
| the alexander project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. | the alexander project, initiated in 1992 as an international, multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility among common respiratory pathogens, has been pivotal in defining the role of global surveillance. at the time, there were few studies in which data were collected in a way that allowed meaningful comparisons to be made between studies, locations or over time. the project instituted the use of a central laboratory and standardized methods for the collection of ... | 2005 | 16282278 |
| identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein (omp j) of moraxella catarrhalis that exists in two major forms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common commensal of the human respiratory tract that has been associated with a number of disease states, including acute otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. during studies to investigate the outer membrane proteins of this bacterium, two novel major proteins, of approximately 19 kda and 16 kda (named omp j1 and omp j2, respectively), were identified. further analysis indicated that these two proteins possessed ... | 2005 | 16291671 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common acute bacterial infection in childhood and also the most frequent reason for outpatient antibiotic therapy. little recent information about susceptibility patterns of aom bacterial pathogens in turkish children has been reported. | 2006 | 16293317 |
| antigenic specificity of the mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the mucosal antibody response to m. catarrhalis in adults with copd. in this study, 10 pairs of well-characterized sputum supernatant samples from adults with copd who had acquired and subsequently cleared m. catarrhalis from their respiratory tracts were studied in detail in an effor ... | 2005 | 16299311 |
| cold shock response of the uspa1 outer membrane adhesin of moraxella catarrhalis. | colonization of the human nasopharynx exposes moraxella catarrhalis, a common cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, to sudden downshifts in temperature, occurring when the host breathes cold air. we investigated whether in vitro cold shock influences the expressions of the outer membrane adhesins uspa1 and hemagglutinin, which are considered virulence factors, and of an m. catarrhalis homolog of reca, a housekeeping gene, which in ... | 2005 | 16299321 |
| the igd-binding domain of the moraxella igd-binding protein mid (mid962-1200) activates human b cells in the presence of t cell cytokines. | moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human igd. here, we demonstrate that mutated m. catarrhalis strains devoid of mid show a 75% decreased activation of human b cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. in contrast to mid-expressing moraxella, the mid-deficient moraxella mutants did not bind to human cd19+ igd+ b cells. the smallest mid fragment with preserved igd-binding capacity compr ... | 2006 | 16301327 |
| positive blood cultures in pediatric emergency department patients: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | to determine the frequency of the emergency department (ed) visits of bacteraemic children and to compare the clinical characteristics of the discharged patients with those of the admitted patients. | 2005 | 16302571 |
| prospects for aminoacyl-trna synthetase inhibitors as new antimicrobial agents. | 2005 | 16304142 | |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem (s-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). | the spectrum of activity and potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem currently in clinical development, was evaluated using 16 008 clinical bacterial isolates collected as part of an international surveillance project during 2003. using reference broth microdilution methods, doripenem was found to be highly active against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2705 and 297 isolates, respectively; mic90s 0.06 mg/l), with a potency gr ... | 2005 | 16307551 |
| kinetic bactericidal activity of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against respiratory pathogens. | the present study assessed the comparative in vitro killing kinetics of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains characterized by different susceptibilities to beta-lactams and macrolides. for each bacterial species, representative strains were chosen for time-kill stud ... | 2005 | 16309423 |
| antimicrobial activity of the new macrolide flurithromycin against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus. | 1989 | 16312369 | |
| rapid typing of moraxella catarrhalis subpopulations based on outer membrane proteins using mass spectrometry. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract both in children and in adults. two subpopulations of this organism have been described that differ in 16s rrna gene sequence and virulence traits. three 16s rrna types have been defined. 2-de followed by protein identification by ms revealed significant differences in the outer membrane protein (omp) patterns of each m. catarrhalis 16s rrna type. approximately 130 features were detected on the 2-de map of each m. c ... | 2006 | 16317771 |
| isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens of malaysian patients. | moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. it is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. sputum specimens sent to the bacteriology division, institute for medical research f ... | 1994 | 16329578 |
| multiplex pcr assay that identifies the major lipooligosaccharide serotype expressed by moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | a heterologous cluster of glycosyltransferase genes was identified in the three moraxella catarrhalis los serotype strains. multiple pcr primers designed to this region amplified products that differentiate between the serotypes more rapidly and efficiently than previously described serological analyses. this assay will be valuable for clinical and research-based studies. | 2005 | 16333114 |
| detection and serotyping of streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal samples by pcr-based multiplex assay. | we developed a multiplex pcr-based methodology for nasopharyngeal samples maintained in egg thioglycolate antibiotic and skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol media to identify and serotype the most important serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae that cause invasive disease in children. this technique can be used to study the epidemiology of pneumococcal colonization and the effect of conjugate vaccines. | 2005 | 16333118 |
| [microbiologic diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infections]. | the main aim of the microbiological diagnosis is to detect the etiologic agent of an infection. in case of bacteria it means to check the susceptibility to antibiotics. it can be difficult to find the etiological agent of respiratory tract infections due to wide range of potential pathogens both viral and bacterial. culture methods are the most frequently used while in case of atypical and viral pathogens rather serological methods based on specific antibody level checking are recommended. in hi ... | 2005 | 16358917 |
| [acute otitis media in children]. | acute otitis media (a.o.m.) occurs mainly in children. the first peak of this disease appears between 6-18 month of life, and the second between 4-7 year of age. the younger age at which the first a.o.m. incidence is noted, the higher probability of its recurrence. in poland 65% of children up to the 2 year of age suffer from otitis media once, and 30% more than three times. the portal of infection in a.o.m. comprises: (1) eustachian tube (2) blood vessels (3) external auditory meatus with perfo ... | 2005 | 16358923 |
| pharmacologic characteristics of prulifloxacin. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolized by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. in vitro, ulifloxacin is generally more active than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providen ... | 2006 | 16360331 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum transports noninvasive streptococcus cristatus into human epithelial cells. | analysis of human buccal epithelial cells frequently reveals an intracellular polymicrobial consortium of bacteria. although several oral bacteria have been demonstrated to invade cultured epithelial cells, several others appear unable to internalize. we hypothesized that normally noninvasive bacteria may gain entry into epithelial cells via adhesion to invasive bacteria. fusobacterium nucleatum is capable of binding to and invading oral epithelial cells. by contrast, streptococcus cristatus bin ... | 2006 | 16369022 |
| vaccine development for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: progress and challenges. | an urgent need exists for vaccines to prevent infections caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. these bacteria cause otitis media in children, a clinical problem associated with enormous morbidity and cost. h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis also cause lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic lung disease. infections in this clinical setting are associated with disability and death. recent progress in identifying potential vaccine antigens in both ... | 2005 | 16372880 |
| comparative in vitro activities of retapamulin (sb-275833) against 141 clinical isolates of propionibacterium spp., including 117 p. acnes isolates. | using the nccls agar dilution method, we studied the in vitro activity of retapamulin (sb-275833) against 141 clinical isolates of propionibacterium species, including seven multiresistant strains, and found retapamulin to be the most active agent among those tested with mics of < or = 1 microg/ml against all isolates. | 2006 | 16377717 |
| different modes of action of naphthyridones in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | naphthyridones that were recently described as a class of translation inhibitors in gram-positive bacteria mediate their mode of action via gyra in haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli. these are the first examples of compounds in which modes of action in different bacterial pathogens are mediated through widely different targets. | 2006 | 16377719 |
| fluoroquinolone drug class update. | 2000 | 16389400 | |
| faster identification of pathogens in positive blood cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization in routine practice. | rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures is required to optimize empirical treatment at an early stage. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) can reduce the time to identification of microorganisms in growth-positive blood cultures. in this study, we evaluated the performance, time to identification, and potential clinical benefits of fish compared to those of conventional culture methods in routine practice. after gram staining, blood culture fluids were simultaneously furth ... | 2006 | 16390958 |
| [community-acquired acute maxillary sinusitis or rhinosinusitis in adults in france: current management]. | sinus infections, often viral, are a common reason for physician visits. the multiplicity of clinical presentations makes its diagnosis difficult. the problem is to recognize bacterial infection without additional testing, except in cases of treatment failures, complications or relapse. patients with signs suggestive of rhinosinusitis fall into one of four basic clinical situations: common colds, 'doubtful' rhinosinusitis, apparent acute maxillary bacterial rhinosinusitis, and complications. ant ... | 2005 | 16395189 |
| a trial of high-dose, short-course levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | compare two dosage strengths of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | 2006 | 16399173 |
| moraxella catarrhalis induces inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells via mapk and nf-kappab activation and histone deacetylase activity reduction. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (copd) and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of copd. little is known about m. catarrhalis-bronchial epithelium interaction. we investigated activation of m. catarrhalis infected bronchial epithelial cells and characterized the signal transduction pathways. moreover, we tested the hypothesis that the m. catarrhalis-induced cytokine expression is regulated by acetylation of histone residue ... | 2006 | 16399788 |
| prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis infections of the lower respiratory tract in elderly patients. | to determine: *rate of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in elderly patients having lower respiratory tract infection *the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates. *the predisposing factors responsible for moraxella catarrhalis infections of lower respiratory tract. | 2005 | 16401943 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline, tested against 1,326 clinical bacterial strains isolated from latin america. | the in vitro activity of tigecycline (former gar-936), a new semisynthetic tetracycline, was evaluated in comparison with tetracycline and other antimicrobial agents. | 2006 | 16410885 |
| human serum and mucosal antibody responses to outer membrane protein g1b of moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human pathogen that causes otitis media, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. outer membrane protein g1b is a approximately 29-kda protein that has a high degree of homology among strains, contains surface-exposed epitopes, and is a potential vaccine candidate. the ompg1b gene was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and purified. to assess the expression of outer membrane protein g1b durin ... | 2006 | 16420607 |
| use of antimicrobial agents for upper respiratory tract infections in taiwanese children. | upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) are mostly caused by viruses. antibiotic misuse for viral urtis in children is a serious problem that not only results in selection of resistant strains of bacteria but also wastes millions of dollars each year in taiwan. antibiotic resistance among common respiratory bacterial pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis has become a major issue for public health. the common cold, ... | 2005 | 16422181 |
| changes in pharyngeal aerobic microflora in oral breathers after palatal rapid expansion. | the purpose of this study was to investigate in oral breathing children the qualitative and quantitative effects on aerobic and facultatively anaerobic oropharyngeal microflora of respiratory function improved by rapid palatal expansion (rpe). | 2006 | 16426457 |
| synergistic effect of interleukin 1 alpha on nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-induced up-regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in middle ear epithelial cells. | we recently showed that beta-defensins have antimicrobial activity against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and that interleukin 1 alpha (il-1 alpha) up-regulates the transcription of beta-defensin 2 (defb4 according to new nomenclature of the human genome organization) in human middle ear epithelial cells via a src-dependent raf-mek1/2-erk signaling pathway. based on these observations, we investigated if human middle ear epithelial cells could release il-1 alpha upon exposure to a lys ... | 2006 | 16433908 |
| hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes from pneumonia, myocardial infarction and stroke, but the effect of blood glucose on outcomes from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) has not been established. recent uk guidelines do not comment on measurement or control of blood glucose in aecopd. a study was therefore undertaken to determine the relationship between blood glucose concentrations, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in patients admitted wit ... | 2006 | 16449265 |
| nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of potential respiratory pathogens in adults. | the optimal methodology for the identification of colonization by potential respiratory pathogens (prp) in adults is not well established. the objectives of the present study were to compare the sensitivities of sampling the nasopharynx and the oropharynx for identification of prp colonization and to compare the sensitivities of samples from the nasopharynx by swab and by washing for the same purpose. the study included 500 participants with a mean age of 65.1 +/- 17.8 years. of these, 300 patie ... | 2006 | 16455908 |
| nasal middle meatal specimen bacteriology as a predictor of the course of acute respiratory infection in children. | to test our hypothesis that children with potentially pathogenic bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis) in the nasal middle meatus might have more prolonged symptoms of acute respiratory infection than children without such bacteria, we conducted a prospective cohort study of such children. | 2006 | 16462285 |
| airway inflammation and bronchial bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | inflammation is now recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in contrast to the sterile airways of normal lungs, bacterial pathogens are often isolated from the airways in stable copd. this "colonization" of the tracheobronchial tree, currently believed to be innocuous, could serve as an inflammatory stimulus, independent of current tobacco smoke exposure. objective: to test the hypothesis that bacterial colonization is associated with a ... | 2006 | 16474030 |
| moraxella catarrhalis stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin e from human respiratory epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. | the outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis, a bacterial pathogen which causes disease in both children and adults, play an important role in its phenotypic properties. however, their proinflammatory potential with regard to respiratory epithelium and macrophages is unclear. to this end, we examined the cytokine- and mediator-inducing capacity of a heat-killed wild-type m. catarrhalis strain and a nonautoagglutinating mutant as well as their outer membrane proteins and secretory/excreto ... | 2006 | 16487301 |
| biofilm formation by moraxella catarrhalis in vitro: roles of the uspa1 adhesin and the hag hemagglutinin. | mutant analysis was used to identify moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. the wild-type m. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an m. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. chromosomal dna from the biofilm-positive strain ... | 2006 | 16495530 |
| binding of vitronectin by the moraxella catarrhalis uspa2 protein interferes with late stages of the complement cascade. | many moraxella catarrhalis strains are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs). the uspa2 protein of the serum-resistant strain o35e has previously been shown to be directly involved in conferring serum resistance on this strain. testing of 11 additional serum-resistant m. catarrhalis wild-type isolates and their uspa1 and uspa2 mutants showed that the uspa1 mutants of all 11 strains were consistently serum resistant and that the uspa2 mutants of these same 11 strains ... | 2006 | 16495531 |
| population genetics of microbial pathogens estimated from multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data. | the inference of population recombination (rho), population mutation (theta), and adaptive selection is of great interest in microbial population genetics. these parameters can be efficiently estimated using explicit statistical frameworks (evolutionary models) that describe their effect on gene sequences. within this framework, we estimated rho and theta using a coalescent approach, and adaptive (or destabilizing) selection under heterogeneous codon-based and amino acid property models in micro ... | 2005 | 16503511 |
| population genetics of microbial pathogens estimated from multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data. | the inference of population recombination (rho), population mutation (theta), and adaptive selection is of great interest in microbial population genetics. these parameters can be efficiently estimated using explicit statistical frameworks (evolutionary models) that describe their effect on gene sequences. within this framework, we estimated rho and theta using a coalescent approach, and adaptive (or destabilizing) selection under heterogeneous codon-based and amino acid property models in micro ... | 2005 | 16503511 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in japan during protekt years 1-3 (1999-2002). | data are presented on antimicrobial resistance among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptoco-ccus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis collected in japan during years 1-3 (1999-2002) of the prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin (protekt) surveillance study. in addition to the standard panel of protekt antimicrobial agents, eight other agents often used in japan also were tested against these isolates. the majority ( ... | 2006 | 16506084 |
| prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in japan. | a total of 141 children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were studied prospectively to determine the causative microorganisms. microbial investigations included examination of postnasal swabs, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and serology. the atypical pathogens occurring most frequently were mycoplasma pneumoniae (58 patients [41.1%]), chlamydia pneumoniae (4 patients [2.8%]), and concurrent occurrence of both pathogens (1 patient [0.7%]). patients aged under 4 years showed a r ... | 2006 | 16506088 |
| emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the united states. in the postlicensure period, the impact of non-pcv7 serotypes against pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia is unknown. | 2006 | 16511752 |
| microbiology of acute sinusitis in mexican patients. | acute bacterial sinusitis is a common disorder affecting children and adults. we performed a study to assess the bacteriology of acute sinusitis in a community hospital in mexico city. patients with an acute exacerbation of persistent sinusitis or acute sinusitis were enrolled. aspiration of sinus secretions was performed and aspirates were sent for culture. all patients received antibiotic treatment for the infection based on microbiologic sensitivity reports. follow-up consultation included en ... | 2006 | 16513492 |
| copd exacerbations . 2: aetiology. | exacerbations of copd are thought to be caused by complex interactions between the host, bacteria, viruses, and environmental pollution. these factors increase the inflammatory burden in the lower airways, overwhelming the protective anti-inflammatory defences leading to tissue damage. frequent exacerbations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, a faster decline in lung function, and poorer health status, so prevention or optimal treatment of exacerbations is a global priority. ... | 2006 | 16517585 |
| characteristics of streptococcus pseudopneumoniae isolated from purulent sputum samples. | streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a recently described streptococcus that is phenotypically and genetically distinct from streptococcus pneumoniae and other viridans streptococci. key characteristics of s. pseudopneumoniae are the absence of a pneumococcal capsule, insolubility in bile, resistance or indeterminate susceptibility to optochin when incubated in 5% co2 but susceptibility to optochin when incubated in ambient air, and a positive reaction with the accuprobe dna probe hybridization tes ... | 2006 | 16517877 |
| high incidence of alloiococcus otitidis in children with otitis media, despite treatment with antibiotics. | acute otitis media (aom) and otitis media with effusion (ome) are common diseases in childhood. alloiococcus otitidis is a newly recognized species of gram-positive bacterium which was recently discovered as a pathogen associated with ome. although some studies show that a. otitidis is frequently detected in children with ome, no study is available concerning the clinical efficiency of antibiotics against this organism. the prevalence of a. otitidis in 116 middle ear effusion specimens from 36 a ... | 2006 | 16517881 |
| [bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. | nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, the primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infe ... | 2006 | 16519120 |
| in vitro activity of quinolones against s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis in saudi arabia. | susceptibility of 88 clinical streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 116 haemophilus influenzae isolates and 80 moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 6 fluoroquinolones--ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin--were determined. isolates were from patients with invasive disease at 4 hospitals in saudi arabia between 1996 and 1998. s. pneumoniae isolates were fully susceptible to trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin; susceptibility to ofloxacin and le ... | 2005 | 16532669 |
| endoscopically guided aerobic cultures in postsurgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. | there is considerable amount of debate in the literature regarding the microbial flora of normal, acutely infected, and chronically infected paranasal sinuses. few studies have specifically looked at the microbial flora of healthy and infected sinus cavities after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. | 2006 | 16539298 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2003). | emerging resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to compromise orally administered therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections. concern also exists that multidrug-resistant (mdr) s. pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae strains could develop fluoroquinolone resistance (fqr). s. pneumoniae (2379 strains), h. influenzae (2456), and moraxella catarrhalis (901) studied as part of th ... | 2006 | 16546341 |
| phenotypic characterization of streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm development. | streptococcus pneumoniae is among the most common pathogens associated with chronic otitis media with effusion, which has been hypothesized to be a biofilm disease. s. pneumoniae has been shown to form biofilms, however, little is known about the developmental process, the architecture, and the changes that occur upon biofilm development. in the current study we made use of a continuous-culture biofilm system to characterize biofilm development of 14 different s. pneumoniae strains representing ... | 2006 | 16547018 |
| antimicrobial activity of a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, lbm415, tested against respiratory tract and cutaneous infection pathogens: a global surveillance report (2003-2004). | to evaluate the spectrum of activity and potency of lbm415, the first of the peptide deformylase inhibitor (pdfi) class to be developed for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (ussti), against a large, contemporary international collection of targeted pathogens collected during 2003-2004. | 2006 | 16549511 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2006 | 16566868 |
| in vitro characterization of the antibacterial spectrum of novel bacterial type ii topoisomerase inhibitors of the aminobenzimidazole class. | antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are becoming increasingly important in the battle against bacterial resistance to all currently used classes of antibiotics. bacterial dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv (topoiv) are the familiar targets of fluoroquinolone and coumarin antibiotics. here we present the characterization of two members of a new class of synthetic bacterial topoii atpase inhibitors: vrt-125853 and vrt-752586. these aminobenzimidazole compounds were potent inhibitors of both d ... | 2006 | 16569833 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline against burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | investigation of the in vitro activity of tigecycline against burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis revealed that the inhibition zone diameters of tigecycline against all isolates were >or=20 mm and that the mic50 values were 0.5 and 1 microg/ml and the mic90 values were 2 and 1.5 microg/ml for b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis, respectively. | 2006 | 16569883 |
| the viriato study: update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal in 2003 and 2004. | the viriato study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. in 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. of the 513 streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penic ... | 2006 | 16572254 |
| penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. | we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against penicillin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children with acute otitis media (aom). | 2006 | 16572607 |
| inhalation of beta 2 agonists impairs the clearance of nontypable haemophilus influenzae from the murine respiratory tract. | nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common bacterial pathogen causing human respiratory tract infections under permissive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. inhalation of beta2-receptor agonists is a widely used treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhalation of beta2 agonists on the host immune response to respiratory tract infection with nthi. | 2006 | 16595015 |
| development of conventional and real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae in respiratory specimens. | isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was applied to the detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae 16s rrna by using the nuclisens basic kit (biomérieux, boxtel, the netherlands). the assay was originally developed as a conventional nasba assay with electrochemiluminescence detection and was subsequently adapted to a real-time nasba format by using a molecular beacon. c. pneumoniae rna prepared from a plasmid construct was used to assess the analytical sensitivity of the assay ... | 2006 | 16597845 |
| quantitative real-time legionella pcr for environmental water samples: data interpretation. | quantitative legionella pcrs targeting the 16s rrna gene (specific for the genus legionella) and the mip gene (specific for the species legionella pneumophila) were applied to a total of 223 hot water system samples (131 in one laboratory and 92 in another laboratory) and 37 cooling tower samples (all in the same laboratory). the pcr results were compared with those of conventional culture. 16s rrna gene pcr results were nonquantifiable for 2.8% of cooling tower samples and up to 39.1% of hot wa ... | 2006 | 16597985 |