Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| maturation mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 3c-like proteinase. | the 3c-like proteinase (3cl(pro)) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus plays a vital role in virus maturation and is proposed to be a key target for drug design against sars. various in vitro studies revealed that only the dimer of the matured 3cl(pro) is active. however, as the internally encoded 3cl(pro) gets matured from the replicase polyprotein by autolytic cleavage at both the n-terminal and the c-terminal flanking sites, it is unclear whether the polyprotein also ne ... | 2010 | 20489209 |
| sars coronavirus unique domain: three-domain molecular architecture in solution and rna binding. | nonstructural protein 3 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus includes a "sars-unique domain" (sud) consisting of three globular domains separated by short linker peptide segments. this work reports nmr structure determinations of the c-terminal domain (sud-c) and a two-domain construct (sud-mc) containing the middle domain (sud-m) and the c-terminal domain, and nmr data on the conformational states of the n-terminal domain (sud-n) and the sud-nm two-domain construct. both ... | 2010 | 20493876 |
| synthesis, docking studies, and evaluation of pyrimidines as inhibitors of sars-cov 3cl protease. | a series of 2-(benzylthio)-6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine as sars-cov 3cl protease inhibitors were developed and their potency was evaluated by in vitro protease inhibitory assays. two candidates had encouraging results for the development of new anti-sars compounds. | 2010 | 20494577 |
| development of a dose-response model for sars coronavirus. | in order to develop a dose-response model for sars coronavirus (sars-cov), the pooled data sets for infection of transgenic mice susceptible to sars-cov and infection of mice with murine hepatitis virus strain 1, which may be a clinically relevant model of sars, were fit to beta-poisson and exponential models with the maximum likelihood method. the exponential model (k= 4.1 x l0(2)) could describe the dose-response relationship of the pooled data sets. the beta-poisson model did not provide a st ... | 2010 | 20497390 |
| elastase-mediated activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein at discrete sites within the s2 domain. | proteolytic priming is a common method of controlling the activation of membrane fusion mediated by viral glycoproteins. the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein (sars-cov s) can be primed by a variety of host cell proteases, with proteolytic cleavage occurring both as the s1/s2 boundary and adjacent to a fusion peptide in the s2 domain. here, we studied the priming of sars-cov s by elastase and show an important role for residue thr(795) in the s2 domain. a series of alan ... | 2010 | 20507992 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like novel protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, protein-ligand x-ray structure and biological evaluation. | the design, synthesis, x-ray crystal structure, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation of a series of new generation sars-cov plpro inhibitors are described. a new lead compound 3 (6577871) was identified via high-throughput screening of a diverse chemical library. subsequently, we carried out lead optimization and structure-activity studies to provide a series of improved inhibitors that show potent plpro inhibition and antiviral activity against sars-cov infected vero e6 cells. interest ... | 2010 | 20527968 |
| t cell epitope specificity and pathogenesis of mouse hepatitis virus-1-induced disease in susceptible and resistant hosts. | intranasal mouse hepatitis virus-1 (mhv-1) infection of susceptible mouse strains mimics some important pathologic features observed in the lungs of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus-infected humans. the pathogenesis of sars remains poorly understood, although increasing evidence suggests that immunopathology could play an important role. we previously reported that the adaptive immune response plays an important protective role in mhv-1-infected resistant b6 mice and that bot ... | 2010 | 20554960 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) proteins of different bat species confer variable susceptibility to sars-cov entry. | the discovery of sars-like coronavirus in bats suggests that bats could be the natural reservoir of sars-cov. however, previous studies indicated the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) protein, a known sars-cov receptor, from a horseshoe bat was unable to act as a functional receptor for sars-cov. here, we extended our previous study to ace2 molecules from seven additional bat species and tested their interactions with human sars-cov spike protein using both hiv-based pseudotype and live sar ... | 2010 | 20567988 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) proteins of different bat species confer variable susceptibility to sars-cov entry. | the discovery of sars-like coronavirus in bats suggests that bats could be the natural reservoir of sars-cov. however, previous studies indicated the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) protein, a known sars-cov receptor, from a horseshoe bat was unable to act as a functional receptor for sars-cov. here, we extended our previous study to ace2 molecules from seven additional bat species and tested their interactions with human sars-cov spike protein using both hiv-based pseudotype and live sar ... | 2010 | 20567988 |
| the cellular rna helicase ddx1 interacts with coronavirus nonstructural protein 14 and enhances viral replication. | the involvement of host proteins in the replication and transcription of viral rna is a poorly understood area for many rna viruses. for coronaviruses, it was long speculated that replication of the giant rna genome and transcription of multiple subgenomic mrna species by a unique discontinuous transcription mechanism may require host cofactors. to search for such cellular proteins, yeast two-hybrid screening was carried out by using the nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14) from the coronavirus infe ... | 2010 | 20573827 |
| a single asparagine-linked glycosylation site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein facilitates inhibition by mannose-binding lectin through multiple mechanisms. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a serum protein that plays an important role in host defenses as an opsonin and through activation of the complement system. the objective of this study was to assess the interactions between mbl and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov) spike (s) glycoprotein (sars-s). mbl was found to selectively bind to retroviral particles pseudotyped with sars-s. unlike several other viral envelopes to which mbl can bind, both recombinant and plasma-derived ... | 2010 | 20573835 |
| a cost-based comparison of quarantine strategies for new emerging diseases. | a classical epidemiological framework is used to provide a preliminary cost analysis of the effects of quarantine and isolation on the dynamics of infectious diseases for which no treatment or immediate diagnosis tools are available. within this framework we consider the cost incurred from the implementation of three types of dynamic control strategies. taking the context of the 2003 sars outbreak in hong kong as an example, we use a simple cost function to compare the total cost of each mixed ( ... | 2010 | 20578793 |
| palmitoylation of sars-cov s protein is necessary for partitioning into detergent-resistant membranes and cell-cell fusion but not interaction with m protein. | coronaviruses are enveloped rna viruses that generally cause mild disease in humans. however, the recently emerged coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) is the most pathogenic human coronavirus discovered to date. the sars-cov spike (s) protein mediates virus entry by binding cellular receptors and inducing fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane. coronavirus s proteins are palmitoylated, which may affect function. here, we created a non-palmit ... | 2010 | 20580052 |
| essential covalent linkage between the chymotrypsin-like domain and the extra domain of the sars-cov main protease. | the main protease of the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome performs proteolytic processing of the viral polyproteins. the active form of the enzyme is a homodimer with each subunit consisting of three structural domains. domains i and ii, hosting the complete catalytic machinery, constitute the n-terminal chymotrypsin-like folding scaffold and connect to the extra c-terminal domain iii by a long loop. previously, the domain iii-truncated enzyme was demonstrated to fold indepe ... | 2010 | 20587646 |
| trilogy of ace2: a peptidase in the renin-angiotensin system, a sars receptor, and a partner for amino acid transporters. | angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) 2 is a homolog to the carboxypeptidase ace, which generates angiotensin ii, the main active peptide of renin-angiotensin system (ras). after the cloning of ace2 in 2000, three major ace2 functions have been described so far. first ace2 has emerged as a potent negative regulator of the ras counterbalancing the multiple functions of ace. by targeting angiotensin ii ace2 exhibits a protective role in the cardiovascular system and many other organs. second ace2 wa ... | 2010 | 20599443 |
| nsp1 proteins of group i and sars coronaviruses share structural and functional similarities. | the nsp1 protein of the highly pathogenic sars coronavirus suppresses host protein synthesis, including genes involved in the innate immune system. a bioinformatic analysis revealed that the nsp1 proteins of group i and sars coronaviruses have similar structures. nsp1 proteins of group i coronaviruses interacted with host ribosomal 40s subunit and did not inhibit irf-3 activation. however, synthesis of host immune and non-immune proteins was inhibited by nsp1 proteins at both transcriptional and ... | 2010 | 20609418 |
| t cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice. | a dysregulated innate immune response and exuberant cytokine/chemokine expression are believed to be critical factors in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), caused by a coronavirus (sars-cov). however, we recently showed that inefficient immune activation and a poor virus-specific t cell response underlie severe disease in sars-cov-infected mice. here, we extend these results to show that virus-specific t cells, in the absence of activation of the innate immune response ... | 2010 | 20610717 |
| the 7a accessory protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus acts as an rna silencing suppressor. | rna silencing suppressors (rsss) are well studied for plant viruses but are not well defined to date for animal viruses. here, we have identified an rss from a medically important positive-sense mammalian virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. the viral 7a accessory protein suppressed both transgene and virus-induced gene silencing by reducing the levels of small interfering rna (sirna). the suppression of silencing was analyzed by two independent assays, and the middle region (am ... | 2010 | 20631126 |
| a simple procedure for the derivation of electron density based surfaces of drug-receptor complexes from a combination of x-ray data and theoretical calculations. | to contribute to an understanding of biological recognition and interaction, an easy-to-use procedure was developed to generate and display molecular surfaces and selected electron density based surface properties. to overcome the present limitations to derive electron densities of macromolecules, the considered systems were reduced to appropriate substructures around the active centers. the combination of experimental x-ray structural information and aspherical atomic electron density data from ... | 2010 | 20634077 |
| sequential nearest-neighbor effects on computed 13calpha chemical shifts. | to evaluate sequential nearest-neighbor effects on quantum-chemical calculations of (13)c(alpha) chemical shifts, we selected the structure of the nucleic acid binding (nab) protein from the sars coronavirus determined by nmr in solution (pdb id 2k87). nab is a 116-residue alpha/beta protein, which contains 9 prolines and has 50% of its residues located in loops and turns. overall, the results presented here show that sizeable nearest-neighbor effects are seen only for residues preceding proline ... | 2010 | 20644980 |
| an interaction between the nucleocapsid protein and a component of the replicase-transcriptase complex is crucial for the infectivity of coronavirus genomic rna. | the coronavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein plays an essential role in virion assembly via interactions with the large, positive-strand rna viral genome and the carboxy-terminal endodomain of the membrane protein (m). to learn about the functions of n protein domains in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), we replaced the mhv n gene with its counterpart from the closely related bovine coronavirus (bcov). the resulting viral mutant was severely defective, even though individual domains of th ... | 2010 | 20660183 |
| studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathology in human cases and animal models. | during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak of 2003, approximately 10% of sars patients developed progressive respiratory failure and died. since then, several animal models have been established to study sars coronavirus, with the aim of developing new antiviral agents and vaccines. this short review describes the pathologic features of sars in relation to their clinical presentation in human cases. it also looks at animal susceptibility after experimental infection, animal mod ... | 2010 | 20664013 |
| sars spike protein induces phenotypic conversion of human b cells to macrophage-like cells. | massive aggregations of macrophages are frequently detected in afflicted lungs of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) infection. in vitro, ectopic expression of transcription factors, in particular ccaat/enhancer-binding protein alpha (c/ebpα) and c/ebpβ, can convert b cells into functional macrophages. however, little is known about the specific ligands responsible for such phenotype conversion. here, we investigated whether spike protein of sars-co ... | 2010 | 20667598 |
| papain-like protease 1 from transmissible gastroenteritis virus: crystal structure and enzymatic activity toward viral and cellular substrates. | coronaviruses encode two classes of cysteine proteases, which have narrow substrate specificities and either a chymotrypsin- or papain-like fold. these enzymes mediate the processing of the two precursor polyproteins of the viral replicase and are also thought to modulate host cell functions to facilitate infection. the papain-like protease 1 (pl1(pro)) domain is present in nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) of alphacoronaviruses and subgroup 2a betacoronaviruses. it participates in the proteolytic ... | 2010 | 20668092 |
| cooperative translocation enhances the unwinding of duplex dna by sars coronavirus helicase nsp13. | sars coronavirus encodes non-structural protein 13 (nsp13), a nucleic acid helicase/ntpase belonging to superfamily 1 helicase, which efficiently unwinds both partial-duplex rna and dna. in this study, unwinding of dna substrates that had different duplex lengths and 5'-overhangs was examined under single-turnover reaction conditions in the presence of excess enzyme. the amount of dna unwound decreased significantly as the length of the duplex increased, indicating a poor in vitro processivity. ... | 2010 | 20671029 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a highly infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. respiratory failure is the major complication, and patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. health care workers are particularly vulnerable to sars. sars has the potential of being converted from droplet to airborne transmission. there is currently no proven effective treatment of sars, so early recognition, isolation, and stringent infection control are the ke ... | 2010 | 20674795 |
| genomic characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in european bats and classification of coronaviruses based on partial rna-dependent rna polymerase gene sequences. | bats may host emerging viruses, including coronaviruses (cov). we conducted an evaluation of cov in rhinolophid and vespertilionid bat species common in europe. rhinolophids carried severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-related cov at high frequencies and concentrations (26% of animals are positive; up to 2.4×10(8) copies per gram of feces), as well as two alphacoronavirus clades, one novel and one related to the hku2 clade. all three clades present in miniopterus bats in china (hku7, hku8, a ... | 2010 | 20686038 |
| genomic characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in european bats and classification of coronaviruses based on partial rna-dependent rna polymerase gene sequences. | bats may host emerging viruses, including coronaviruses (cov). we conducted an evaluation of cov in rhinolophid and vespertilionid bat species common in europe. rhinolophids carried severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-related cov at high frequencies and concentrations (26% of animals are positive; up to 2.4×10(8) copies per gram of feces), as well as two alphacoronavirus clades, one novel and one related to the hku2 clade. all three clades present in miniopterus bats in china (hku7, hku8, a ... | 2010 | 20686038 |
| molecular mapping of the rna cap 2'-o-methyltransferase activation interface between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp10 and nsp16. | several protein-protein interactions within the sars-cov proteome have been identified, one of them being between non-structural proteins nsp10 and nsp16. in this work, we have mapped key residues on the nsp10 surface involved in this interaction. alanine-scanning mutagenesis, bioinformatics, and molecular modeling were used to identify several "hot spots," such as val(42), met(44), ala(71), lys(93), gly(94), and tyr(96), forming a continuous protein-protein surface of about 830 å(2), bearing ve ... | 2010 | 20699222 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals a mechanism for a prefibrotic phenotype in stat1 knockout mice during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection can cause the development of severe end-stage lung disease characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and pulmonary fibrosis. the mechanisms by which pulmonary lesions and fibrosis are generated during sars-cov infection are not known. using high-throughput mrna profiling, we examined the transcriptional response of wild-type (wt), type i interferon receptor knockout (ifnar1-/-), and stat1 knockout (stat1-/-) mic ... | 2010 | 20702617 |
| orf8a of sars-cov forms an ion channel: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. | orf8a protein is 39 residues long and contains a single transmembrane domain. the protein is synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and reconstituted into artificial lipid bilayers that forms cation-selective ion channels with a main conductance level of 8.9±0.8ps at elevated temperature (38.5°c). computational modeling studies including multi nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations in a hydrated popc lipid bilayer are done with a 22 amino acid transmembrane helix to predict a putativ ... | 2011 | 20708597 |
| cd8+ t cell response in hla-a*0201 transgenic mice is elicited by epitopes from sars-cov s protein. | cytotoxic cd8(+) t lymphocytes (ctls) play an important role in antiviral immunity. several human hla-a*0201 restricted ctl epitopes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) spike (s) protein have been identified in hla-a*0201 transgenic (tg) mice, but the mechanisms and properties of immune responses are still not well understood. in this study, hla-a*0201 tg mice were primed intramuscularly with sars s dna and boosted subcutaneously with hla-a*0201 restricted peptides. the lymphocytes from ... | 2010 | 20709007 |
| nmr structure of the sars-cov nonstructural protein 7 in solution at ph 6.5. | the nmr structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein (nsp) 7 in aqueous solution at ph 6.5 was determined and compared with the results of previous structure determinations of nsp7 in solution at ph 7.5 and in the crystals of a hexadecameric nsp7/nsp8 complex obtained from a solution at ph 7.5. all three structures contain four helices as the only regular secondary structures, but there are differences in the lengths and sequence locations of the four heli ... | 2010 | 20709084 |
| identification of phenanthroindolizines and phenanthroquinolizidines as novel potent anti-coronaviral agents for porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus and human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the discovery and development of new, highly potent anti-coronavirus agents and effective approaches for controlling the potential emergence of epidemic coronaviruses still remains an important mission. here, we identified tylophorine compounds, including naturally occurring and synthetic phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines, as potent in vitro inhibitors of enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the potent compounds showed 50% maximal effective ... | 2010 | 20727913 |
| the american society for virology--29th annual meeting. | the american society for virology 29th annual meeting, held in bozeman, mt, usa, included topics covering new vaccine technologies, delivery methods and treatments in the field of virology. this conference report highlights selected presentations on human norovirus (hunov), sars coronavirus and rift valley fever virus vaccine technologies; programmed cell death-1 (pd1) blockade and hyperacute alpha-gal platform technology methods; aerosol vaccination delivery; novel technologies to produce influ ... | 2010 | 20799142 |
| sars-coronavirus protein 6 conformations required to impede protein import into the nucleus. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) genome encodes eight accessory proteins. accessory protein 6 is a 63-residue amphipathic peptide that accelerates coronavirus infection kinetics in cell culture and in mice. protein 6 is minimally bifunctional, with an n-terminal lipophilic part implicated in accelerating viral growth and a c-terminal hydrophilic part interfering with general protein import into the nucleus. this interference with nuclear import requires interaction be ... | 2010 | 20800627 |
| update on sars research and other possibly zoonotic coronaviruses. | the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2003 led to an intense and effective global response that stopped the spread of the disease by july 2003. there was also an intensive and very productive research effort to identify the aetiological agent, characterise the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease, understand the pathogenesis of the disease and the molecular biology of the virus, and design antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat and prevent the disease. ... | 2010 | 20801001 |
| generating stable chinese hamster ovary cell clones to produce a truncated sars-cov spike protein for vaccine development. | the spike (s) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is important for vaccine development. s(tr2) (an 88 kda truncated sars-cov tw1 s protein carrying the s fragments s-74-253, s-294-739, and s-1129-1255) is capable of expressing a major form of glycoprotein as endo h-sensitive (∼115 kda) in cho cells. to establish stable expressing cell clones, we transfected cho/dhfr-cells with the amplifiable vectors isid (ires-driven dhfr) and isiz (sv40-driven dhfr) to selec ... | 2010 | 20809484 |
| generating stable chinese hamster ovary cell clones to produce a truncated sars-cov spike protein for vaccine development. | the spike (s) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is important for vaccine development. s(tr2) (an 88 kda truncated sars-cov tw1 s protein carrying the s fragments s-74-253, s-294-739, and s-1129-1255) is capable of expressing a major form of glycoprotein as endo h-sensitive (∼115 kda) in cho cells. to establish stable expressing cell clones, we transfected cho/dhfr-cells with the amplifiable vectors isid (ires-driven dhfr) and isiz (sv40-driven dhfr) to selec ... | 2010 | 20809484 |
| vigor, an annotation program for small viral genomes. | the decrease in cost for sequencing and improvement in technologies has made it easier and more common for the re-sequencing of large genomes as well as parallel sequencing of small genomes. it is possible to completely sequence a small genome within days and this increases the number of publicly available genomes. among the types of genomes being rapidly sequenced are those of microbial and viral genomes responsible for infectious diseases. however, accurate gene prediction is a challenge that ... | 2010 | 20822531 |
| use of a multiplex pcr/rt-pcr approach to assess the viral causes of influenza-like illnesses in cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons. | acute respiratory infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. using multiplex pcr/rt-pcr methods for the detection of 18 respiratory viruses, the circulation of those viruses during 3 consecutive dry seasons in cambodia was described. among 234 patients who presented with influenza-like illness, 35.5% were positive for at least one virus. rhinoviruses (43.4%), parainfluenza (31.3%) viruses and coronaviruses (21.7%) were the most frequently detected viruses. influenza a vir ... | 2010 | 20827775 |
| the membrane protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus acts as a dominant immunogen revealed by a clustering region of novel functionally and structurally defined cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), which emerged with highly contagious and life-threatening characteristics in 2002, remains a potential risk for future outbreaks. membrane (m) and envelope (e) proteins are major structural proteins of the sars-cov. the m protein has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses. however, its potential roles in stimulating cellular immunity remain elusive. | 2010 | 20831383 |
| [consecutive five-year follow-up analysis of specific igg antibody of 22 cases of sars patients after recovery]. | to study igg antibody persistence and temporal change in sars coronavirus (sars-cov) infected patients, 22 patients recovered from sars in beijing were recruited and followed-up from 2004 to 2008, serum samples from patients were collected every year. we checked and analyzed the sars-cov igg antibody (ab) for five consecutive years using the commercial elisa test kit. the results showed that: all of the serum were sars-igg antibody-positive the first year after recovery, the titer of most serum ... | 2010 | 20836383 |
| [the research and application of inhibitory effect of rna-based strategies on sars]. | 2010 | 20836389 | |
| novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured hla-a*2402-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | antigenic peptides recognized by virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are presented by major histocompatibility complex (mhc; or human leukocyte antigen [hla] in humans) molecules, and the peptide selection and presentation strategy of the host has been studied to guide our understanding of cellular immunity and vaccine development. here, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid (n) protein-derived ctl epitope, n1 (qfkdnvill), restricted by hla-a*2402 was ... | 2010 | 20844028 |
| the sars coronavirus e protein interacts with pals1 and alters tight junction formation and epithelial morphogenesis. | intercellular tight junctions define epithelial apicobasal polarity and form a physical fence which protects underlying tissues from pathogen invasions. pals1, a tight junction-associated protein, is a member of the crumbs3-pals1-patj polarity complex, which is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial polarity in mammals. here we report that the carboxy-terminal domain of the sars-cov e small envelope protein (e) binds to human pals1. using coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down ... | 2010 | 20861307 |
| the role of sars-cov protein, orf-6, in the induction of host cell death. | 2010 | 20864743 | |
| immunogenetics in sars: a case-control study. | 2010 | 20864745 | |
| simultaneous detection of sars coronavirus and influenza a viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | 2010 | 20864746 | |
| association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the cd209 (dc-sign) promoter with sars severity. | 2010 | 20864747 | |
| progress towards a sars vaccine. | 2010 | 20883159 | |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and hamsters of a β-propiolactone inactivated whole virus sars-cov vaccine. | the immunogenicity and efficacy of β-propiolactone (bpl) inactivated whole virion sars-cov (wi-sars) vaccine was evaluated in balb/c mice and golden syrian hamsters. the vaccine preparation was tested with or without adjuvants. adjuvant systems as01(b) and as03(a) were selected and tested for their capacity to elicit high humoral and cellular immune responses to wi-sars vaccine. we evaluated the effect of vaccine dose and each adjuvant on immunogenicity and efficacy in mice, and the effect of va ... | 2010 | 20883165 |
| respiratory health issues in the asia-pacific region: an overview. | the asia-pacific region is home to a large heterogeneous population whose respiratory health is influenced by diverse social, economic and environmental factors. despite this variability, the most prevalent causes of respiratory morbidity and mortality are tobacco smoking, infection, and air pollution. this review aims to summarize current respiratory health issues in the region including smoking-related diseases especially copd, lung cancer and infectious problems such as pandemic influenza, th ... | 2011 | 20920119 |
| evaluation of droplet dispersion during non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, nebuliser treatment and chest physiotherapy in clinical practice: implications for management of pandemic influenza and other airborne infections. | influenza viruses are thought to be spread by droplets, but the role of aerosol dissemination is unclear and has not been assessed by previous studies. oxygen therapy, nebulised medication and ventilatory support are treatments used in clinical practice to treat influenzal infection are thought to generate droplets or aerosols. | 2010 | 20923611 |
| efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease tmprss2. | the distribution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) receptor, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), does not strictly correlate with sars-cov cell tropism in lungs; therefore, other cellular factors have been predicted to be required for activation of virus infection. in the present study, we identified transmembrane protease serine 2 (tmprss2), whose expression does correlate with sars-cov infection in the upper lobe of the lung. in vero cells expressing tmprss ... | 2010 | 20926566 |
| metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three north american bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat. | effective prediction of future viral zoonoses requires an in-depth understanding of the heterologous viral population in key animal species that will likely serve as reservoir hosts or intermediates during the next viral epidemic. the importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, including ebola, marburg, nipah, hendra, and rabies viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), has been established; however, the large viral population diversity ( ... | 2010 | 20926577 |
| metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three north american bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat. | effective prediction of future viral zoonoses requires an in-depth understanding of the heterologous viral population in key animal species that will likely serve as reservoir hosts or intermediates during the next viral epidemic. the importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, including ebola, marburg, nipah, hendra, and rabies viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), has been established; however, the large viral population diversity ( ... | 2010 | 20926577 |
| development, characterization, and application of monoclonal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against recombinant nucleocapsid protein (np) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-causing coronavirus (cov) were developed by hybridoma technology. epitope mapping by western blotting showed that these anti-sars-cov np mabs bind to distinct domains of np. these anti-sars-cov np mabs, with their high specificity, are potentially ideal candidates for developing early and sensitive diagnostic assays for sars-cov. | 2010 | 20926700 |
| biflavonoids from torreya nucifera displaying sars-cov 3cl(pro) inhibition. | as part of our search for botanical sources of sars-cov 3cl(pro) inhibitors, we selected torreya nucifera, which is traditionally used as a medicinal plant in asia. the ethanol extract of t. nucifera leaves exhibited good sars-cov 3cl(pro) inhibitory activity (62% at 100μg/ml). following bioactivity-guided fractionation, eight diterpenoids (1-8) and four biflavonoids (9-12) were isolated and evaluated for sars-cov 3cl(pro) inhibition using fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. of thes ... | 2010 | 20934345 |
| identifying genetic markers of adaptation for surveillance of viral host jumps. | adaptation is often thought to affect the likelihood that a virus will be able to successfully emerge in a new host species. if so, surveillance for genetic markers of adaptation could help to predict the risk of disease emergence. however, adaptation is difficult to distinguish conclusively from the other processes that generate genetic change. in this review we survey the research on the host jumps of influenza a, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, canine parvovirus and venezuelan ... | 2010 | 20938453 |
| [sars coronavirus]. | 2010 | 20942082 | |
| synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolone compounds as sars-coronavirus 3c-like protease inhibitors. | a series of pyrazolone compounds as possible sars-cov 3cl protease inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated by in vitro protease assay using fluorogenic substrate peptide in which several showed potent inhibition against the 3cl protease. interestingly, one of the inhibitors was also active against 3c protease from coxsackievirus b3. these inhibitors could be potentially developed into anti-coronaviral and anti-picornaviral agents. | 2010 | 20947359 |
| profiling of substrate specificity of sars-cov 3cl. | the 3c-like protease (3cl(pro)) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus is required for autoprocessing of the polyprotein, and is a potential target for treating coronaviral infection. | 2010 | 20949131 |
| small interfering rna effectively inhibits the expression of sars coronavirus membrane gene at two novel targeting sites. | small interfering rna (sirna) is a class of duplex rna molecules of 21-25 nt nucleotides in length functioning post-transcriptionally to downregulate targeted gene expression. the membrane (m) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is highly abundant during viral infections and is a critical element for viral assembly. nucleotide substitution in the viral genome occurs frequently during sars-cov infection. in the current study, we analyzed the m gene seque ... | 2010 | 20956884 |
| establishment of the eukaryotic cell lines for inducible control of sars-cov nucleocapsid gene expression. | in order to establish the eukaryotic cell lines for inducible control of sars-cov nucleocapsid gene expression. the recombinant plasmid of ptre-tight-sars-n was constructed by using the plasmid p8s as the pcr template which contains a cdna clone covering the nucleocapsid gene of sars-cov hku-39449. restriction enzymes digestion and sequence analysis indicated the recombinant plasmid of ptre-tight-sars-n contained the nucleocapsid gene with the optimized nucleotide sequence which will improve the ... | 2010 | 20960182 |
| immunogenicity of the spike glycoprotein of bat sars-like coronavirus. | a group of sars-like coronaviruses (sl-cov) have been identified in horseshoe bats. despite sl-covs and sars-cov share identical genome structure and high-level sequence similarity, sl-cov does not bind to the same cellular receptor as for sars-cov and the n-terminus of the s proteins only share 64% amino acid identity, suggesting there are fundamental differences between these two groups of coronaviruses. to gain insight into the basis of this difference, we established a recombinant adenovirus ... | 2010 | 20960282 |
| sars-cov nucleocapsid protein antagonizes ifn-β response by targeting initial step of ifn-β induction pathway, and its c-terminal region is critical for the antagonism. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) encodes a highly basic nucleocapsid (n) protein which can inhibit the synthesis of type i interferon (ifn), but the molecular mechanism of this antagonism remains to be identified. in this study, we demonstrated that the n protein of sars-cov could inhibit ifn-beta (ifn-β) induced by poly(i:c) or sendai virus. however, we found that n protein could not inhibit ifn-β production induced by overexpression of downstream signaling molecules of ... | 2010 | 20976535 |
| unique signatures of long noncoding rna expression in response to virus infection and altered innate immune signaling. | studies of the host response to virus infection typically focus on protein-coding genes. however, non-protein-coding rnas (ncrnas) are transcribed in mammalian cells, and the roles of many of these ncrnas remain enigmas. using next-generation sequencing, we performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection across four founder mouse strains of the collaborative cross. we observed differential expression of approxima ... | 2010 | 20978541 |
| [analysis of sars-coronavirus genome]. | 2010 | 20979304 | |
| successful vaccination strategies that protect aged mice from lethal challenge from influenza virus and heterologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | newly emerging viruses often circulate as a heterogeneous swarm in wild animal reservoirs prior to their emergence in humans, and their antigenic identities are often unknown until an outbreak situation. the newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and reemerging influenza virus cause disproportionate disease in the aged, who are also notoriously difficult to successfully vaccinate, likely due to immunosenescence. to protect against future emerging strains, vaccine ... | 2010 | 20980507 |
| importance of controlling nanotube density for highly sensitive and reliable biosensors functional in physiological conditions. | biosensors utilizing carbon nanotube field-effect transistors have a tremendous potential to serve as the basis for the next generation of diagnostic systems. while nanotubes have been employed in the fabrication of multiple sensors, little attention has previously been paid to how the nanotube density affects the biosensor performance. we conducted a systematic study of the effect of density on the performance of nanotube biosensors and discovered that this parameter is crucial to achieving con ... | 2010 | 21028792 |
| early gene expression events in ferrets in response to sars coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation. | type i interferons (ifns) are essential to the clearance of viral diseases, however, a clear distinction between genes upregulated by direct virus-cell interactions and genes upregulated by secondary ifn production has not been made. here, we investigated differential gene regulation in ferrets upon subcutaneous administration of ifn-α2b and during sars-cov infection. in vivo experiments revealed that ifn-α2b causes stat1 phosphorylation and upregulation of abundant ifn response genes (irgs), ch ... | 2010 | 21035159 |
| sars coronavirus 8b reduces viral replication by down-regulating e via an ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) 8b protein, which is not expressed by other known coronaviruses, can down-regulate the envelope (e) protein via a proteasome-dependent pathway. here, we showed that the down-regulation of e is not dependent on the lysine residues on 8b and the reduction of polyubiquitination of e mutants is not correlated with their down-regulation by 8b, suggesting an ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway is involved. a time-course study revealed t ... | 2010 | 21035562 |
| antiviral activities of isg20 in positive-strand rna virus infections. | isg20 is an interferon-inducible 3'-5' exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal rna viruses. however, the specificities of isg20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of isg20 on replication of several positive-strand rna viruses from distinct viral families. isg20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis c virus (hcv) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis a virus. ... | 2010 | 21036379 |
| potent and persistent antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain of sars-cov spike protein in recovered patients. | the spike (s) protein of sars-cov not only mediates receptor-binding but also induces neutralizing antibodies. we previously identified the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of s protein as a major target of neutralizing antibodies in animal models and thus proposed a rbd-based vaccine. however, the antigenicity and immunogenicity of rbd in humans need to be characterized. | 2010 | 21047436 |
| alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free hela cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. | the nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells. unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the tgev nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40s ribosomal subunits or promote host mrna degradation. tgev nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free hela cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl). our data ... | 2010 | 21047955 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of coronaviruses in wild birds from the bering strait area (beringia). | coronaviruses (covs) can cause mild to severe disease in humans and animals, their host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and they are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to gamma-coronaviruses and causes a costly respiratory viral disease in chickens. the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ibv is poorly understood. in the present study, we examined 1,002 cloacal and faecal sam ... | 2010 | 21060827 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of coronaviruses in wild birds from the bering strait area (beringia). | coronaviruses (covs) can cause mild to severe disease in humans and animals, their host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and they are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to gamma-coronaviruses and causes a costly respiratory viral disease in chickens. the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ibv is poorly understood. in the present study, we examined 1,002 cloacal and faecal sam ... | 2010 | 21060827 |
| identification of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in a leaf-nosed bat in nigeria. | bats are reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses that can have a profound impact on human and animal health, including lyssaviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (sars-covs). in the course of a project focused on pathogen discovery in contexts where human-bat contact might facilitate more efficient interspecies transmission of viruses, we surveyed gastrointestinal tissue obtained from bats collected in caves in nigeria that are frequented by ... | 2010 | 21063474 |
| identification of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in a leaf-nosed bat in nigeria. | bats are reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses that can have a profound impact on human and animal health, including lyssaviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (sars-covs). in the course of a project focused on pathogen discovery in contexts where human-bat contact might facilitate more efficient interspecies transmission of viruses, we surveyed gastrointestinal tissue obtained from bats collected in caves in nigeria that are frequented by ... | 2010 | 21063474 |
| [recent developments in sars vaccine studies.] | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused thousands of human infections worldwide and hundreds of deaths in just a few months. evidence indicates that sars coronavirus (sars-cov) has been circulating from animals to humans since before the 2002-2003 outbreak, suggesting that another pandemic may occur. this possibility has focused continuous action on sars vaccine research. inactivated vaccines, viral and bacterial vector vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, subunit vaccines, dna vaccin ... | 2010 | 21064002 |
| a transmembrane serine protease is linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor and activates virus entry. | spike (s) proteins, the defining projections of the enveloped coronaviruses (covs), mediate cell entry by connecting viruses to plasma membrane receptors and by catalyzing subsequent virus-cell membrane fusions. the latter membrane fusion requires an s protein conformational flexibility that is facilitated by proteolytic cleavages. we hypothesized that the most relevant cellular proteases in this process are those closely linked to host cell receptors. the primary receptor for the human severe a ... | 2010 | 21068237 |
| nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. | the appearance of eight new respiratory viruses in the human population in the past 9 years, including two new pandemics (sars coronavirus in 2003 and swine-origin influenza a/h1n1 in 2009), has tested the ability of virology laboratories to develop diagnostic tests to identify these viruses. nucleic acid amplification tests (nats) that first appeared two decades ago have been developed for both conventional and emerging viruses and now form the backbone of the clinical laboratory. nats provide ... | 2010 | 21073292 |
| zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus rna polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. | increasing the intracellular zn(2+) concentration with zinc-ionophores like pyrithione (pt) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of rna viruses, including poliovirus and influenza virus. for some viruses this effect has been attributed to interference with viral polyprotein processing. in this study we demonstrate that the combination of zn(2+) and pt at low concentrations (2 µm zn(2+) and 2 µm pt) inhibits the replication of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov) and equine arteritis virus ... | 2010 | 21079686 |
| increase of sars-cov 3cl peptidase activity due to macromolecular crowding effects in the milieu composition. | the 3c-like peptidase of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars-cov) is strictly required for viral replication, thus being a potential target for the development of antiviral agents. in contrast to monomeric picornavirus 3c peptidases, sars-cov 3clpro exists in equilibrium between the monomer and dimer forms in solution, and only the dimer is proteolytically active in dilute buffer solutions. in this study, the increase of sars-cov 3clpro peptidase activity in presence of kosmotropic ... | 2010 | 21087086 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus spike protein. | a truncated gene (designated s1) encoding the receptor-binding domain (rbd) in the spike (s) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) was amplified by pcr. the gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pgex-6p-1, resulting in a recombinant plasmid pgex-sars-s1. subsequently, pgex-sars-s1 was transformed into host cells bl21(de3)plyss, and the expression of the s1 protein was induced by isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside (iptg). polyclonal antibody agains ... | 2010 | 21087096 |
| [progress in structural studies of larger proteins by the sail-nmr method]. | 2009 | 21089580 | |
| single-dose intranasal administration with mdef201 (adenovirus vectored mouse interferon-alpha) confers protection from mortality in a lethal sars-cov balb/c mouse model. | interferons (ifns) are a first line of defense against viral infection. herein we describe the use of an adenovirus vectored mouse ifn alpha gene (mdef201) as a prophylactic and treatment countermeasure in a sars-cov-infected balb/c mouse model. complete survival protection was observed in mice given a single dose of mdef201 administered intranasally 1, 3, 5, 7, or 14 days prior to lethal sars-cov challenge (p<0.001), and body weights of these treated mice were unaffected by the challenge. in ad ... | 2010 | 21093489 |
| sars - my personal battle. | it isn't every day that a doctor becomes a patient. it is more peculiar when it occurs with an unknown mysterious epidemic respiratory illness that kills. severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) gripped the world in 2003, spreading via air-links and throwing the global economy into disarray. as a practicing physician in singapore, one of the first countries affected, i describe my first-hand account of my battle with this illness, how i acquired this illness in singapore, and eventually quarant ... | 2010 | 21094092 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral pathogens. | rapid and accurate detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) provides pathogen-specific diagnosis, allows implementation of appropriate infection control measures, and improves patient management. one diagnostic challenge is that respiratory infections, which can be caused by several viral pathogens including rsv, usually present with similar signs and symptoms that are nearly indistinguishable by clinical diagnosis. we have described in the chapter a rapid, high-throughput laboratory techn ... | 2011 | 21116808 |
| detection of sars coronavirus. | the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and its subsequent worldwide spread challenged the global public health community to confront a novel infectious disease. the infection is caused by a coronavirus of animal origin. in this epidemic, molecular detections of sars coronavirus rna were shown to be useful for the early diagnosis of sars. although this pathogen was eradicated in humans, sars or sars-like viruses might reemerge from animals or from laboratory incidents. in this ... | 2011 | 21116811 |
| on the mechanisms of bananin activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | in a previous study, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) was cultured in the presence of bananin, an effective adamantane-related molecule with antiviral activity. in the present study, we show that all bananin-resistant variants exhibit mutations in helicase and membrane protein, although no evidence of bananin interference on their mutual interaction has been found. a structural analysis on protein sequence mutations found in sars-cov bananin-resistant variants was perform ... | 2010 | 21134131 |
| [study on the changing regularity of special antibody and expression of stomach and enteric involvement on sars-coronavirus infection in the recovery period of severe acute respiratory syndrome.] | objective: to study the change of special antibodies titer igg, igm and nucleocaspid to sars coronavirus (cov) and observing the expression of stomach and enteric involvement on sars-cov infection by monoclonal antibody against n protein of sars-cov in the 7-year recovery period among family clustering cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome. methods: special antibody titer to sars-cov of 14 patients from 5 different families and their 10 kinfolks continuously tested by ifa and antigen-captur ... | 2010 | 21162846 |
| interferon interplay helps tissue cells to cope with sars-coronavirus infection. | sars coronavirus (sars-cov), the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, is a versatile pathogen armed with a host of factors countering the antiviral type i interferon (ifn) system. hence, tissue cells infected with sars-cov are unable to launch an ifn response. plasmacytoid dendritic cells, however, produce high levels of ifn after infection. we recently demonstrated that minute amounts of ifn applied before infection (ifn priming) can ameliorate the ifn response of tissue cells ... | 2010 | 21178452 |
| (1)h, (13)c and (15)n resonance assignments of sars-cov main protease n-terminal domain. | the main protease (m(pro)) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) plays an essential role in the extensive proteolytic processing of the viral polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab), and it is an important target for anti-sars drug development. sars-cov m(pro) is composed of a catalytic n-terminal domain and an α-helical c-terminal domain linked by a long loop. even though the n-terminal domain of sars-cov m(pro) adopts a similar chymotrypsin-like fold as that of piconavirus 3c prote ... | 2010 | 21181312 |
| development of anti-viral agents using molecular modeling and virtual screening techniques. | computational chemistry has always played a key role in anti-viral drug development. the challenges and the quickly rising public interest when a virus is becoming a threat has significantly influenced computational drug discovery. the most obvious example is anti-aids research, where hiv protease and reverse transcriptase have triggered enormous efforts in developing and improving computational methods. methods applied to anti-viral research include (i) ligand-based approaches that rely on know ... | 2010 | 21189123 |
| intranasal immunization with plasmid dna encoding spike protein of sars-coronavirus/polyethylenimine nanoparticles elicits antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. | immunization with the spike protein (s) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov) in mice is known to produce neutralizing antibodies and to prevent the infection caused by sars-cov. polyethylenimine 25k (pei) is a cationic polymer which effectively delivers the plasmid dna. | 2010 | 21194475 |
| three-dimensional domain swapping as a mechanism to lock the active conformation in a super-active octamer of sars-cov main protease. | proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is indispensible for the lifecycle of coronaviruses. the main protease (m(pro)) of sars-cov is an attractive target for anti-sars drug development as it is essential for the polyprotein processing. m(pro) is initially produced as part of viral polyproteins and it is matured by autocleavage. here, we report that, with the addition of an n-terminal extension peptide, m(pro) can form a domain-swapped dimer. after complete removal of the extension peptide ... | 2010 | 21203949 |
| new nsp8 isoform suggests mechanism for tuning viral rna synthesis. | during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection, the activity of the replication/transcription complexes (rtc) quickly peaks at 6 hours post infection (h.p.i) and then diminishes significantly in the late post-infection stages. this "down-up-down" regulation of rna synthesis distinguishes different viral stages: primary translation, genome replication, and finally viron assembly. regarding the nsp8 as the primase in rna synthesis, we confirmed that the proteolysis produ ... | 2010 | 21203988 |
| liberation of sars-cov main protease from the viral polyprotein: n-terminal autocleavage does not depend on the mature dimerization mode. | the main protease (m(pro)) plays a vital role in proteolytic processing of the polyproteins in the replicative cycle of sars coronavirus (sars-cov). dimerization of this enzyme has been shown to be indispensable for trans-cleavage activity. however, the auto-processing mechanism of m(pro), i.e. its own release from the polyproteins through autocleavage, remains unclear. this study elucidates the relationship between the n-terminal autocleavage activity and the dimerization of "immature" m(pro). ... | 2010 | 21203998 |