Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| effect of inactivation of the htra-like serine protease degq on the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice. | degq is a serine protease that is highly homologous to htra, an important virulence determinant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we examined if degq is involved in serovar typhimurium pathogenesis. a serovar typhimurium degq mutant was as virulent as the wild-type strain in mice. however, a serovar typhimurium htra degq mutant survived less well in murine organs, particularly in the liver, than a serovar typhimurium htra mutant. degq is not essential for serovar typhimurium pathogenes ... | 2004 | 15557668 |
| cellular microbiology of intracellular salmonella enterica: functions of the type iii secretion system encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides in a special membrane compartment of the host cell and modifies its host to achieve intracellular survival and proliferation. the type iii secretion system encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) has a central role in the interference of intracellular salmonella with host cell functions. spi2 function affects antimicrobial defense mechanisms of the host, intracellular transport processes, integrity and function of the ... | 2004 | 15558211 |
| a foodborne outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia at a silver anniversary reception. | reported here is an outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia infection that occurred among 44 persons attending a silver anniversary reception in hesse, germany. isolates of salmonella madelia are extremely unusual, and no outbreaks associated with this serotype have been reported previously. forty-two attendees were interviewed and information was obtained from each of them regarding demographic and clinical characteristics and food consumed at the reception. twenty-four ... | 2004 | 15558342 |
| pnuc and the utilization of the nicotinamide riboside analog 3-aminopyridine in haemophilus influenzae. | the utilization pathway for the uptake of nad and nicotinamide riboside was previously characterized for haemophilus influenzae. we now report on the cellular location, topology, and substrate specificity of pnuc. pnuc of h. influenzae is only distantly related to pnuc of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. when e. coli pnuc was expressed in an h. influenzae pnuc mutant, it was able to take up only nicotinamide riboside and not nicotinamide mononucleotide. therefore, we ... | 2004 | 15561822 |
| secreted bacterial effectors and host-produced eiger/tnf drive death in asalmonella-infected fruit fly. | death by infection is often as much due to the host's reaction as it is to the direct result of microbial action. here we identify genes in both the host and microbe that are involved in the pathogenesis of infection and disease in drosophila melanogaster challenged with salmonella enterica serovartyphimurium (s. typhimurium). we demonstrate that wild-types. typhimurium causes a lethal systemic infection when injected into the hemocoel of d. melanogaster. deletion of the gene encoding the secret ... | 2004 | 15562316 |
| salmonella enterica isolates from faeces of domestic reptiles and a study of their antimicrobial in vitro sensitivity. | from october 2001 to february 2002, the faecal samples of 305 reptiles (165 saurians, 99 ophidians and 41 chelonians) were bacteriologically examined to detect salmonella enterica. s. enterica was isolated from 73 (23.93%) faecal samples including 44 (60.27%) samples collected from saurians, 15 (20.55%) from chelonians and 14 (19.18%) from ophidians; considering the number of samples taken for each reptile group, s. enterica was isolated from the 36.58% of chelonians, 26.66% of saurians and 14.1 ... | 2005 | 15563917 |
| bacteriophage-encoded type iii effectors in salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium. | salmonella spp. are gram-negative bacteria which cause infections ranging from mild, self-limiting enterocolitis to systemic (typhoid) disease. recent work has established that the genetic makeup varies considerably between different salmonella strains. phages play an important role in this diversity. in fact, salmonella has emerged as a prime example for the involvement of virulence factor encoding phages in the emergence of new epidemic strains. among other virulence factors, salmonella enteri ... | 2005 | 15567133 |
| prolactin modulates il-8 production induced by porins or lps through different signaling mechanisms. | prolactin (prl) induces cell proliferation and cell differentiation through the well-known mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and janus kinase (jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) pathways, depending on the cell line. mapks play a central role in signaling transduction mechanisms that transmit mitogenic or differentiation signals from an activated receptor to the intracellular machinery. all of the cytokine receptors that activate the jak/stat pathway also activat ... | 2004 | 15568616 |
| signal-dependent binding of the response regulators phop and pmra to their target promoters in vivo. | low mg2+ promotes phosphorylation of the response regulators phop and pmra and transcription of their activated genes in salmonella enterica. using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have now determined that the phop and pmra proteins are recruited to the regulatory region of their target genes when bacteria experience low mg2+ but not when they are grown in high mg2+. even when the phop protein was artificially produced at 4-fold higher levels than the wild-type strain, promoter occupancy requir ... | 2005 | 15569664 |
| phenotypic differences between salmonella and escherichia coli resulting from the disparate regulation of homologous genes. | phenotypic differences among closely related bacteria have been largely ascribed to species-specific genes, such as those residing in pathogenicity islands. however, we now report that the differential regulation of homologous genes is the mechanism responsible for the divergence of the enteric bacteria salmonella enterica and escherichia coli in their ability to make lps modifications mediating resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin b. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, the pmra/pmrb two-compo ... | 2004 | 15569938 |
| antimicrobial activity of bac7 fragments against drug-resistant clinical isolates. | ten peptides from 13 to 35 residues in length and covering the whole sequence of the pro-rich peptide bac7 were synthesized to identify the domain responsible for its antimicrobial activity. at least 16 residues of the highly cationic n-terminal sequence were required to maintain the activity against gram-negative bacteria. the fragments bac7(1-35) and, to a lesser extent, bac7(1-16) proved active against a panel of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, with the notab ... | 2004 | 15572192 |
| integron-mediated esbl resistance in rare serotypes of escherichia coli causing infections in an elderly population of israel. | to identify and characterize the aetiology of an outbreak of extra-intestinal multidrug-resistant escherichia coli infections in elderly patients in israel. | 2004 | 15574469 |
| hot spot for a large deletion in the 18- to 19-centisome region confers a multiple phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain atcc 14028. | loss of the salmonella msbb enzyme, which catalyzes the incorporation of myristate destined for lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane, results in a strong phenotype of sensitivity to salt and chelators such as egta and greatly diminished endotoxic activity. msbb- salmonellae mutate extragenically to egta-tolerant derivatives at a frequency of 10(-4) per division. one of these derivatives arose from inactivation of soma, which suppresses sensitivity to salt and egta. here we show that a second ... | 2004 | 15576802 |
| the pmrf polymyxin-resistance operon of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is upregulated by the phop-phoq two-component system but not by pmra-pmrb, and is not required for virulence. | the yersinia pseudotuberculosis chromosome contains a seven-gene polycistronic unit (the pmrf operon) whose products share extensive homologies with their pmrf counterparts in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), another gram-negative bacterial enteropathogen. this gene cluster is essential for addition of 4-aminoarabinose to the lipid moiety of lps, as demonstrated by maldi-tof mass spectrometry of lipid a from both wild-type and pmrf-mutated strains. as in s. typhimurium, ... | 2004 | 15583148 |
| wzx proteins involved in biosynthesis of o antigen function in association with the first sugar of the o-specific lipopolysaccharide subunit. | one of the most common pathways for the export of o-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps) across the plasma membrane requires the participation of the wzx protein. wzx belongs to a family of integral membrane proteins that share little conservation in their primary amino acid sequence, making it difficult to delineate functional domains. this paper reports the cloning and expression in escherichia coli k-12 of various wzx homologues from different bacteria as flag epitope-tagged protein fusions. a r ... | 2004 | 15583162 |
| variable number of tandem repeats in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for typing purposes. | the genomic sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains ct18, ty2 (serovar typhi), and lt2 (serovar typhimurium) were analyzed for potential variable number tandem repeats (vntrs). a multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva) of 99 strains of s. enterica supsp. enterica based on 10 vntrs distinguished 52 genotypes and placed them into four groups. all strains tested were independent human isolates from france and did not reflect isolates from outbreak episodes. of these 10 vntrs, 7 showed ... | 2004 | 15583305 |
| emergence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ctx-m-9)-producing multiresistant strains of salmonella enterica serotype virchow in poultry and humans in france. | during 2002 to 2003, eight salmonella enterica serotype virchow poultry and poultry product isolates from various sources (chicken farms, poultry slaughterhouse, or retail store) and one s. enterica rough strain isolated from human feces were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-9. poultry and poultry product isolates were recovered from different locations in the southwest of france. the human rough isolate had sequences of flagellin genes (flic and fljb) typical of serotype ... | 2004 | 15583311 |
| pathogenic effects of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium on sprouting and growth of maize. | the study was undertaken to understand effects and survival of s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), a zoonotic serovar, on maize seed germination and plant growth. all the four strains of s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium significantly reduced germination of maize seeds in sprouting plates as well as in soil. about > or =2.7x10(3) salmonella cfu ml(-1) of soaking water, while > or =2.7x10(7) salmonella cfu g(-1) soil were required to significant ... | 2004 | 15587117 |
| chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of haplophyllum tuberculatum from oman. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of haplophyllum tuberculatum (forsskal) a. juss (rutaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectral (gc-ms) and 13c nmr spectroscopy. thirty compounds, constituting about 99.7% of the total oil, were identified. the most abundant oil components are beta-phellandrene (23.3%), limonene (12.6%), (z)-beta-ocimene (12.3%), beta-caryophyllene (11.6%), myrcene (11.3%), and alpha-phellandrene (10.9%). ten microlitres (25 mg) of pure oil partially inh ... | 2005 | 15588657 |
| measurement of bacterial adhesion-in vitro evaluation of different methods. | the adhesion of bacteria to host tissue is the first step in pathogenesis. similarly, bacterial adhesion to inanimate surfaces is the first step in formation of biofilms-a real problem in industrial processes and medical devices. various agents capable of blocking the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces have been identified, such as probiotics, which are supposed to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal mucosa. although measurement of bacterial adhesion is important itself, ... | 2005 | 15590097 |
| bacteriophage p22 tail accessory factor gp26 is a long triple-stranded coiled-coil. | p22 is a well characterized tailed bacteriophage that infects salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. it is characterized by a "short" tail, which is formed by five proteins: the dodecameric portal protein (gp1), three tail accessory factors (gp4, gp10, gp26), and six trimeric copies of the tail-spike protein (gp9). we have isolated the gene encoding tail accessory factor gp26, which is responsible for stabilization of viral dna within the mature phage, and using a variety of biochemical and bi ... | 2004 | 15591072 |
| dramatic shift in the epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage types in western europe, 1998-2003--results from the enter-net international salmonella database. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is the predominant salmonella serovar identified by the enter-net national reference laboratories in western europe. as it is the most commonly recognised serotype, it is important that phage typing is carried out so that outbreaks can be recognised and confirmed, and trends in infections identified. data from the enter-net salmonella database show that there has been a dramatic shift between phage types identified in europe from 1998-2003. in 1998, the p ... | 2004 | 15591691 |
| salmonella serotype typhimurium outbreak associated with commercially processed egg salad--oregon, 2003. | on september 24, 2003, oregon epidemiologists noted an increase in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates tested during september at the oregon state public health laboratories. of 16 isolates, six had matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. the laboratory findings prompted an investigation by oregon health services and cdc that identified 18 cases of infection with s. typhimurium linked to kits for making egg salad that were distributed by a vendor to a supermarket ... | 2004 | 15592173 |
| quantification of salmonella by 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction targeted to fimc gene. | a new 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the quantification of salmonella enterica was developed, with primers and the probe oriented to a salmonella-specific region of the fimc gene. the pcr system was specific and sensitive, its inclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 53 strains of salmonella belonging to 38 serovars) and its exclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 49 non-salmonella strains). for quantification purposes, calibration lines w ... | 2004 | 15592843 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serotype 44:z4, z23:--as a rare cause of meningitis. | reptiles can carry and shed the bacterium salmonella without showing any signs of illness. transmission occurs by ingesting salmonella after handling a reptile or objects contaminated by a reptile. young children are especially vulnerable to salmonella infection and can experience serious complications. we describe a case of reptile-associated salmonella meningitis in a 2.5-month-old infant. | 2004 | 15597733 |
| in vitro characterization of irob, a pathogen-associated c-glycosyltransferase. | pathogenic strains of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica modify the tricatecholic siderophore enterobactin (ent) by glucosylation of three aryl carbon atoms, a process controlled by the iroa locus [hantke, k., nicholson, g., rabsch, w. & winkelmann, g. (2003) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 100, 3677-3682]. here, we report the purification of the irob protein and its characterization as the ent c-glucosyltransferase. irob transfers glucosyl groups from uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose to c5 of one, ... | 2004 | 15598734 |
| slc11a1-mediated resistance to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and leishmania donovani infections does not require functional inducible nitric oxide synthase or phagocyte oxidase activity. | solute carrier family 11a member 1 (slc11a1; formerly natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) encodes a late endosomal/lysosomal protein/divalent cation transporter, which regulates iron homeostasis in macrophages. during macrophage activation, slc11a1 exerts pleiotropic effects on gene regulation and function, including generation of nitric oxide (no) via inducible no synthase (inos; encoded by nos2a) and of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) via the phagocyte oxidase complex. as n ... | 2004 | 15601666 |
| regulation of uptake and processing of the quorum-sensing autoinducer ai-2 in escherichia coli. | ai-2 is a quorum-sensing signaling molecule proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, extracellular ai-2 accumulates in exponential phase, but the amount decreases drastically upon entry into stationary phase. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, the reduction in activity is due to import and processing of ai-2 by the lsr transporter. we show that the lsr transporter is functional in e. coli, and screening for mutants d ... | 2005 | 15601708 |
| natural isolates of salmonella enterica serovar dublin carry a single nada missense mutation. | nicotinic acid is required by most isolates of salmonella enterica (serovar dublin), a pathogen of cattle. a single nada missense mutation causes the nutritional requirement of all serovar dublin isolates tested. models for persistence of this allele are tested and discussed. | 2005 | 15601727 |
| dissemination of lipid a deacylases (pagl) among gram-negative bacteria: identification of active-site histidine and serine residues. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main constituents of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. it usually consists of a highly variable o-antigen, a less variable core oligosaccharide, and a highly conserved lipid moiety, designated lipid a. several bacteria are capable of modifying their lipid a architecture in response to external stimuli. the outer membrane-localized lipid a 3-o-deacylase, encoded by the pagl gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, removes the fatty acyl cha ... | 2004 | 15611102 |
| bile-induced dna damage in salmonella enterica. | in the absence of dna adenine methylase, growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is inhibited by bile. mutations in any of the muth, mutl, and muts genes suppress bile sensitivity in a dam(-) background, indicating that an active muthls system renders dam(-) mutants bile sensitive. however, inactivation of the muthls system does not cause bile sensitivity. an analogy with escherichia coli, in which the muthls system sensitizes dam(-) mutants to dna-injuring agents, suggested that bile ... | 2004 | 15611156 |
| isolation of mini-tn5km2 insertion mutants of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg sensitive to nacl-induced osmotic stress. | we previously reported that the viability of salmonella oranienburg strains under nacl stress was variable and depended on the strain's origin; food strains were resistant and patient strains sensitive to nacl. therefore, we mutagenized a food strain with a mini-tn5km2 transposon. of 2,400 mutants screened, 15 nacl-sensitive mutants were isolated, and 7 genes associated with nacl-sensitivity were identified. the intact genes complemented their own food-strain mutants, but not patient-strain muta ... | 2004 | 15611616 |
| occurrence of ceftriaxone resistance in ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis isolates causing recurrent infection. | 2005 | 15614720 | |
| overexpression of the multidrug efflux operon acref by insertional activation with is1 or is10 elements in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt204 acrb mutants selected with fluoroquinolones. | high-level fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt204 has been previously shown to be essentially due to both multiple target gene mutations and active efflux by the acrab-tolc efflux system. in this study we show that in intermediatly resistant acrb-inactivated serovar typhimurium dt204 mutants, high-level resistance to fqs can be restored on in vitro selection with fqs. in each fq- resistant mutant selected from serovar typhimurium dt204 acrb mu ... | 2005 | 15616308 |
| derepression of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes within macrophages leads to rapid apoptosis via caspase-1- and caspase-3-dependent pathways. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has been reported to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages within 14 h from the time of infection by a caspase-1-dependent mechanism. here, we demonstrate that depletion of lon protease in serovar typhimurium induces rapid and massive apoptosis in macrophages by a mechanism involving both caspases-1 and -3. this excessive induction of apoptosis was abrogated by disruption of invf, which is required for the expression of the salmonella pathogenicity isla ... | 2005 | 15617525 |
| the salmonella spi1 effector sopb stimulates nitric oxide production long after invasion. | the ability of salmonella enterica to invade and replicate within host cells depends on two type iii secretion systems (ttsss) encoded on pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi1 and spi2). the current paradigm holds that these systems translocate two classes of effectors that operate sequentially and independently. in essence, the spi1 ttss mediates early events (i.e. invasion) whereas the spi2 ttss mediates post-invasion processes (i.e. replication, vacuole maturation). contrary to this model, we h ... | 2005 | 15617527 |
| components of the peptidoglycan-recycling pathway modulate invasion and intracellular survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | beta-lactam resistance in enteric bacteria is frequently caused by mutations in ampd encoding a cytosolic n-acetylmuramyl- l-alanine amidase. such mutants are blocked in murein (peptidoglycan) recycling and accumulate cytoplasmic muropeptides that interact with the transcriptional activator ampr, which de-represses beta-lactamase expression. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an extensively studied enteric pathogen, was used to show that mutations in ampd decreased the ability of s. typhim ... | 2005 | 15617530 |
| transcriptional adaptation of shigella flexneri during infection of macrophages and epithelial cells: insights into the strategies of a cytosolic bacterial pathogen. | shigella flexneri, the etiologic agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells as well as macrophages and dendritic cells and escapes into the cytosol soon after invasion. dissection of the global gene expression profile of the bacterium in its intracellular niche is essential to fully understand the biology of shigella infection. we have determined the complete gene expression profiles for s. flexneri infecting human epithelial hela cells and human macrophage-like u937 cells. approxima ... | 2005 | 15618144 |
| sipa, sopa, sopb, sopd, and sope2 contribute to salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells. | the centisome 63 type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) mediates invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. characterization of mutants lacking individual genes has revealed that t3ss-1 secreted proteins (effectors) sope2 and sopb are required for invasion while the sipa protein accelerates entry into cells. here we have revisited the question of which t3ss-1 effectors contribute to the invasion of epithelial cells by ... | 2005 | 15618149 |
| enhanced immunoglobulin a response and protection against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the absence of the substance p receptor. | the development of the neurokinin-1 receptor-deficient (nk1r(-/-)) mouse permitted inquiry into the regulation of secretory immunoglobulin a (s-iga) responses by substance p (sp) after oral immunization with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vector expressing colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. in nk1r(-/-) mice, mucosal and serum iga anti-cfa/i fimbrial responses were augmented, while secreted igg anti-cfa/i fimbrial responses remained unaffected ... | 2005 | 15618168 |
| salmonella pathogenicity island 2-mediated overexpression of chimeric ssph2 proteins for simultaneous induction of antigen-specific cd4 and cd8 t cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium employs two different type iii secretion systems (ttss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi1 and spi2) for targeting of effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells during different stages of the infection cycle. the spi1 ttss translocates virulence factors across the plasma membrane when the bacterium initially contacts the host cell. in contrast, the spi2 ttss functions to translocate proteins across the membrane of the ... | 2005 | 15618170 |
| optimization of salmonella enterica serovar typhi deltaaroc deltassav derivatives as vehicles for delivering heterologous antigens by chromosomal integration and in vivo inducible promoters. | novel candidate live oral vaccines based on a salmonella enterica serovar typhi zh9 (ty2 deltaaroc deltassav) derivative that directed the expression of either the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile toxin or hepatitis b virus core antigen from the bacterial chromosome using the in vivo inducible ssag promoter were constructed. the levels of attenuation of the two s. enterica serovar typhi zh9 derivatives were similar to that of the parent as assessed by measuring the replication of bacter ... | 2005 | 15618173 |
| effect of inactivation of degs on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. | the alternative sigma factor (rpoe sigma(e)) enables salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to adapt to stressful conditions, such as oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, and growth in mammalian tissues. infection of mice by salmonella serovar typhimurium also requires sigma(e). in escherichia coli, activation of the sigma(e) pathway is dependent on proteolysis of the anti-sigma factor rsea and is initiated by degs. degs is also important in order for e. coli to cause extraintestinal infecti ... | 2005 | 15618185 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium hila-laczy fusion gene response to iron chelation or supplementation in rich and minimal media. | virulence expression of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under iron limited condition was measured by beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) assay using a hila-laczy fusion strain and calculated as miller units. hila-laczy beta-galactosidase assays were performed in brain heart infusion (bhi) and minimal media (m9), after iron chelation with 2, 2-dipridyl and iron-supplementation respectively. before performing virulence assays, concentrations of iron in the media were estimated using ferrozine. i ... | 2004 | 15620092 |
| mechanisms of resistance in salmonella enterica adapted to erythromycin, benzalkonium chloride and triclosan. | the potential for adaptive resistance of s. enterica serovar enteritidis, typhimurium and virchow to increasing sub-lethal concentrations of erythromycin, benzalkonium chloride and triclosan was investigated to identify mechanisms underlying resistance. permeability changes of the outer membrane, including lps, cell surface charge, hydrophobicity and the presence of an active efflux in the adapted strain compared with the parent were studied. examination of the outer membrane and lps did not rev ... | 2005 | 15620823 |
| increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal salmonellae, kenya, 1994-2003. | over the last decade there has been a steady increase in the proportion of multidrug resistance among non-typhoidal salmonellae (nts) isolated from adult patients with bacteraemia in kenya. the prevalence of nts multiply resistant to all commonly available drugs including ampicillin, streptomycin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and tetracycline rose from 31% in 1994 to 42% at present, with concomitantly higher mics of each drug. resistance is encoded on large self-transferable 100-110 kb plasmi ... | 2005 | 15620824 |
| protection of gnotobiotic pigs against salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium by rough mutant of the same serotype is accompanied by the change of local and systemic cytokine response. | we have demonstrated that severe systemic disease caused by virulent lt2 strain salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in gnotobiotic piglets can be alleviated by oral inoculation with an avirulent rough (r) mutant of the same serotype 24 h before challenge with the virulent strain. protected piglets had no signs of enteritis. the concentrations of tnf-alpha, il-1beta, il-8 and il-10 were measured by elisa in ileal washings and plasma of uninfected and infected pigs. the cytokines were not det ... | 2005 | 15621302 |
| comparison of fluoroquinolone resistance genes of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates in japan and taiwan. | 2004 | 15623959 | |
| outbreaks of enteric infections caused by multiple pathogens associated with calves at a farm day camp. | transmission of enteric pathogens at venues where the public contacts farm animals is a growing problem, particularly among children. in 2000 and again in 2001, enteric illness outbreaks caused by multiple pathogens occurred at a farm day camp for children in minnesota. | 2004 | 15626945 |
| protection of laying hens against salmonella enteritidis by immunization with type 1 fimbriae. | eighteen chickens were immunized subcutaneously with purified type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis at 18 and 21 weeks of age. evidence of igg and iga responses was found in the eggs and in the sera of the immunized hens. three weeks later, immunized and non-immunized chickens (n=18) were challenged intravenously with 2x10(7) live salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. there was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs laid by immunized and non-immunized birds. ... | 2004 | 15627520 |
| antibacterial effects of the cu(ii)-exchanged montmorillonite on escherichia coli k88 and salmonella choleraesuis. | the aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of cu(ii)-exchanged montmorillonite (mmt-cu) in vitro. escherichia coli atcc k88 and salmonella choleraesuis atcc 50020 were chosen as indicators of intestinal tract pathogenic bacteria in weanling pigs. the antibacterial activity of mmt-cu and mmt were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) using two-fold serial dilutions in mh broth, and the amount of cu2+ released into the brot ... | 2004 | 15627522 |
| [first report of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport in japan]. | 2004 | 15628532 | |
| salmonella enterica serovar kedougou contamination of commercially grown mushrooms. | during investigation of an episode of salmonella enterica serovar kedougou contamination of mushrooms, multiple closely related isolates were obtained from mushrooms and mushroom-growing materials. contamination apparently originated from sugar beet lime, an alkaline material used in mushroom growing. no associated cases of human infection were detected. | 2005 | 15629233 |
| evolutionary genetics of a new pathogenic escherichia species: escherichia albertii and related shigella boydii strains. | a bacterium originally described as hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic escherichia coli. subsequent studies identified similar h. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on dna relatedness, are classified as a distinct escherichia species, escherichia albertii. we determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five e. albertii strains and c ... | 2005 | 15629933 |
| structural and genetic characterization of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o145 o antigen and development of an o145 serogroup-specific pcr assay. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o145 strains are emerging as causes of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. in this study, we present the structure of the e. coli o145 o antigen and the sequence of its gene cluster. the o145 antigen has repeat units containing three monosaccharide residues: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glcnac), 2-acetamidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose, and n-acetylneuraminic acid. it is very closely related to salmonella enterica serovar touera and s. enteri ... | 2005 | 15629947 |
| effects of microcin 24-producing escherichia coli on shedding and multiple-antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in pigs. | to investigate the effect of an escherichia that produced microcin 24 (mcc24) on shedding of of salmonella enterica serotypetyphimurium in swine and evaluate evidence of in vivo activation of the mcc24-mediated, multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) operon. | 2004 | 15631023 |
| the formation of cyclopropane fatty acids in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the formation of cyclopropane fatty acid (cfa) and its role in the acid shock response in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was investigated. data obtained by gc/ms demonstrated that the cfa level in s. typhimurium increased upon its entry to the stationary phase, as in other bacteria. the cfa gene encoding cfa synthase was cloned, and mutants of the cfa gene were constructed by allelic exchange. a cfa mutant could not produce cfa and was sensitive to low ph. introduction ... | 2005 | 15632439 |
| evaluation of nested pcr in diagnosis of typhoid fever. | in this study, nested pcr using h1-d primers, which is specific for salmonella enterica serovar typhi, was compared to blood culture and the single-tube widal test. results indicate that nested pcr can be used as a gold standard to determine the cutoff titer of the widal test for diagnosis of typhoid fever. | 2005 | 15635006 |
| blood invasiveness of salmonella enterica as a function of age and serotype. | we explored the dual influence of the patient's age and the infecting serotype on the blood invasiveness patterns of non-typhi salmonella enterica (nts). blood invasiveness ratio (bir) was calculated as the ratio between the number of blood and blood + stool isolates. analysis of 14,951 nts isolates showed that the bir increased drastically above the age of 60 years, reaching levels 3.5-7 times higher compared to age group < 2 years. different patterns of age-related invasiveness were observed f ... | 2004 | 15635958 |
| application of molecular genetic methods in diagnostics and epidemiology of food-borne bacterial pathogens. | salmonella enterica, campylobacter and yersinia species, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens are the bacterial pathogens constituting the greatest burden of food-borne disease in finland. several molecular genetic methods have been applied to diagnose, discriminate and survey these bacteria. pcr, pcr-rflp and pfge are the most widely and successfully used. however, these methods are unable to replace conventional and internationally s ... | 2004 | 15638843 |
| the salmonella effector protein sopb protects epithelial cells from apoptosis by sustained activation of akt. | invasion of epithelial cells by salmonella enterica is mediated by bacterial "effector" proteins that are delivered into the host cell by a type iii secretion system. although primarily known for their roles in actin rearrangements and membrane ruffling, translocated effectors also affect host cell processes that are not directly associated with invasion. here, we show that sopb/sigd, an effector with phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, has anti-apoptotic activity in salmonella-infected epith ... | 2005 | 15642738 |
| morphology of salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg typing phages. | eleven tailed phages are described. they belong to the myoviridae, siphoviridae, or podoviridae families and represent the vii, t1, t5, jersey, n4, and p22 species of enterobacterial phages. morphology is correlated with host range. | 2004 | 15644903 |
| ompd but not ompc is involved in adherence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to human cells. | conflicting reports exist regarding the role of porins ompc and ompd in infections due to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this study investigated the role of these porins in bacterial adherence to human macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. ompc and ompd mutant strains were created by transposon mutagenesis using p22-mediated transduction of tn10 and tn5 insertions, respectively, into wild-type strain 14028. fluorescein-labeled wild-type and mutant bacteria were incubated with ho ... | 2004 | 15644926 |
| the glucosyl-1-phosphate transferase wcha (cap8e) primes the capsular polysaccharide repeat unit biosynthesis of streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8. | the gene wcha (cap8e) belongs to the cps8 locus that is involved in biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) repeat unit (ru) of the virulent streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8. we report here the biochemical characterization of the membrane-associated protein wcha (cap8e), overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3)/plyss. our results demonstrate that the recombinant enzyme transfers in vitro a glucosyl-1-phosphate from udp-glucose to an endogenous phosphoryl-polyprenol, thereby primi ... | 2005 | 15649424 |
| an annotated checklist of pathogenic microorganisms associated with migratory birds. | the potential for transport and dissemination of certain pathogenic microorganisms by migratory birds is of concern. migratory birds might be involved in dispersal of microorganisms as their biological carriers, mechanical carriers, or as carriers of infected hematophagous ecto-parasites (e.g., ixodid ticks). many species of microorganisms pathogenic to homeothermic vertebrates including humans have been associated with free-living migratory birds. migratory birds of diverse species can play sig ... | 2004 | 15650082 |
| [salmonella infections in children: a retrospective study over a four-year period]. | epidemiological state of salmonella infections in languedoc-roussillon (france) and discussion of therapeutic indications. | 2005 | 15653050 |
| the type species of the genus salmonella lignieres 1900 is salmonella enterica (ex kauffmann and edwards 1952) le minor and popoff 1987, with the type strain lt2t, and conservation of the epithet enterica in salmonella enterica over all earlier epithets that may be applied to this species. opinion 80. | the judicial commission of the international committee for systematics of prokaryotes has decided that the type species of the genus salmonella lignieres 1900 is salmonella enterica (ex kauffmann and edwards 1952) le minor and popoff 1987 and that the type strain of this species is strain lt2t. in addition, the epithet enterica in salmonella enterica is conserved over all earlier epithets that may be applied to this species. | 2005 | 15653929 |
| antimicrobial activity and chemical investigation of brazilian drosera. | the antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (hexanic, ethyl acetate, methanol) obtained from brazilian drosera species (d. communis, d. montana var. montana, d. brevifolia, d. villosa var. graomogolensis, d. villosa var. villosa, drosera sp. 1, and drosera sp. 2 ) were tested against staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), enterococcus faecium (atcc23212), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc27853), escherichia coli (atcc11229), salmonella choleraesuis (atcc10708), klebsiella pneumoniae (atcc1388 ... | 2004 | 15654434 |
| a new therapeutic challenge for old pathogens: community-acquired invasive infections caused by ceftriaxone- and ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis. | recently, antimicrobial resistance among nontyphoid salmonella serotypes has been increasingly recognized. in southern taiwan, we encountered 3 cases of invasive infections caused by salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis with resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. resistance to ciprofloxacin was related to nucleotide mutations in gyra and parc, and resistance to ceftriaxone was related to the presence of cmy-2 beta -lactamase. | 2004 | 15655754 |
| rep code: defining bacterial identity in extragenic space. | through the analysis of 57 bacterial genomes we have detected repetitive extragenic palindromic dna sequences (reps) in 11 species. for a sequence to be considered as rep, the following criteria should be met: (i) it should be extragenic, (ii) palindromic, (iii) of a length between 21 and 65 bases and (iv) should constitute more than 0.5% of the total extragenic space. species-specific reps have been found in human pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, neisseria meningitidis, ... | 2005 | 15658989 |
| transcriptional regulation of sitabcd of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by mntr and fur. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has two manganese transport systems, mnth and sitabcd. mnth is a bacterial homolog of the eukaryotic natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1), and sitabcd is an abc-type transporter. previously we showed that mnth is negatively controlled at the transcriptional level by the trans-acting regulatory factors, mntr and fur. in this study, we examined the transcriptional regulation of sitabcd and compared it to the transcriptional regulation ... | 2005 | 15659669 |
| the generalized transducing salmonella bacteriophage es18: complete genome sequence and dna packaging strategy. | the generalized transducing double-stranded dna bacteriophage es18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smooth salmonella enterica strains. we report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that es18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head. most of ... | 2005 | 15659686 |
| mig-14 is an inner membrane-associated protein that promotes salmonella typhimurium resistance to cramp, survival within activated macrophages and persistent infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts and in rodents causes a typhoid-like systemic disease involving replication of bacteria inside macrophages within reticuloendothelial tissues. previous studies demonstrated that the mig-14 and virk genes of salmonella enterica are important in bacterial resistance to anti-microbial peptides and are necessary for continued replication of s. typhimurium in the liver and spleen of susceptible mice aft ... | 2005 | 15661016 |
| reactivity of typhoid patients sera with stress induced 55 kda phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella faces a variety of stresses including acid and heat, in the natural environment whether in the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian host or in the external environment during transmission where survival and multiplication is a priority for the pathogen. in the present study, salmonella enterica serovar typhi was grown under acid (inorganic and organic) as well as heat stress and the outermembrane protein (omp) profiles were compared. a 55 kda omp was found to be expressed with high int ... | 2004 | 15663188 |
| animal-to-human transmission of salmonella typhimurium dt104a variant. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from a pig, a calf, and a child on a farm in the netherlands. the isolates were indistinguishable by phenotyping and genotyping methods, which suggests nonfoodborne animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission. persons in close contact with farm animals should be aware of this risk. | 2004 | 15663868 |
| salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with veterinary clinic. | a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium outbreak was associated with a veterinary clinic. confirmed cases were in one cat, two veterinary technicians, four persons associated with clinic patients, and a nurse not linked to the clinic. this outbreak emphasizes the importance of strong public health ties to the animal health community. | 2004 | 15663875 |
| real-time pcr for quantitation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in naturally-infected and challenged pigs. | real-time pcr assays were developed for quantitative detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the established real-time pcr for the quantitation of prrsv cdna and pcv2 dna were found to be in the 9-log(10) linear dynamic range with excellent linearity and reliable reproducibility. using these techniques, the distribution and quantitation of prrsv and pcv2 in naturally infected and challenged pigs were investigated. the viral c ... | 2004 | 15664045 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-encoded type iii secretion systems can translocate chlamydia trachomatis proteins into the cytosol of host cells. | chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate, intracellular pathogen that is a major cause of preventable blindness and infertility worldwide. although the published genome sequence suggests that c. trachomatis encodes a type iii secretion system, the lack of genetic tools for studying chlamydia has hindered the examination of this potentially important class of virulence genes. we have developed a technique to identify chlamydia proteins that can be translocated into the host cell cytoplasm by a type i ... | 2005 | 15664932 |
| murein lipoprotein is a critical outer membrane component involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium systemic infection. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) and braun (murein) lipoprotein (lpp) are major components of the outer membrane of gram-negative enteric bacteria that function as potent stimulators of inflammatory and immune responses. in a previous paper, we provided evidence that two functional copies of the lipoprotein gene (lppa and lppb) located on the chromosome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contributed to bacterial virulence. in this study, we characterized lppa and lppb single-knockout (sko) mutan ... | 2005 | 15664952 |
| salmonella-induced filament formation is a dynamic phenotype induced by rapidly replicating salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in epithelial cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has the fascinating ability to form tubular structures known as salmonella-induced filaments (sifs) in host cells. here, we show that the prevalence of the sif phenotype in hela cells is affected by host cell density, growth, and the multiplicity of infection. sif formation was observed in cells that displayed rapid intracellular bacterial replication and was found to be dynamic, being maximal 8 to 10 h postinfection and declining thereafter. the virulence ... | 2005 | 15664965 |
| use of molecular hydrogen as an energy substrate by human pathogenic bacteria. | molecular hydrogen is produced as a fermentation by-product in the large intestine of animals and its production can be correlated with the digestibility of the carbohydrates consumed. pathogenic helicobacter species (helicobacter pylori and h. hepaticus) have the ability to use h(2) through a respiratory hydrogenase, and it was demonstrated that the gas is present in the tissues colonized by these pathogens (the stomach and the liver respectively of live animals). mutant strains of h. pylori un ... | 2005 | 15667272 |
| detoxification of nitric oxide by the flavorubredoxin of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella possesses multiple enzymes that utilize no as a substrate, and could therefore contribute to the organism's ability to resist nitrosative killing by macrophages. flavorubredoxin is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that reduces no to nitrous oxide. the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium norv gene encoding flavorubredoxin was disrupted and the no sensitivity of the mutant was determined. the norv mutant showed a greater sensitivity to no than wild-type s. typhimurium, but did recover gro ... | 2005 | 15667306 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar muenchen from pigs and humans and potential interserovar transfer of antimicrobial resistance. | salmonella serovars are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. recently, we reported on multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains among pigs with resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (resistance [r] type akssut) and resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (r type axacssut). in the present study, 67 isolates (39 from humans an ... | 2005 | 15673725 |
| dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) in portuguese salmonella enterica strains and relation with integrons. | in 200 sulfonamide-resistant portuguese salmonella isolates, 152 sul1, 74 sul2, and 14 sul3 genes were detected. class 1 integrons were always associated with sul genes, including sul3 alone in some isolates. the sul3 gene has been identified in isolates from different sources and serotypes, which also carried a class 1 integron with aada and dfra gene cassettes. | 2005 | 15673783 |
| selected arylpiperazines are capable of reversing multidrug resistance in escherichia coli overexpressing rnd efflux pumps. | several arylpiperazines capable of reversing multidrug resistance (mdr) in escherichia coli overexpressing acrab and acref but not in pump-deficient mutant strains were identified. 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine, one of the more active compounds, enhanced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and other agents and increased the intracellular concentration of levofloxacin and ethidium bromide, suggesting efflux pump inhibition as the mechanism of mdr reversal. | 2005 | 15673787 |
| high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones linked to mutations in gyra, parc, and pare in salmonella enterica serovar schwarzengrund isolates from humans in taiwan. | 2005 | 15673791 | |
| first extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ctx-m-15)-producing salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolate identified in lebanon. | 2005 | 15673792 | |
| antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the enterobacteriaceae family. | an in vitro assay measuring the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of coridothymus capitatus (spanish origanum), satureja montana, thymus mastichina (spanish origanum majorana), thymus zygis (spanish variety of thymus vulgaris) and origanum vulgare has been carried out against poultry origin strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella essen, and pig origin strains of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium. using the broth m ... | 2005 | 15676008 |
| identification and functional analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pmra-regulated genes. | the pmra-pmrb two-component regulatory system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is activated in vivo and plays an important role in resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. resistance is partly mediated by modifications to the lipopolysaccharide. to identify new pmra-regulated genes, microarray analysis was undertaken comparing cdna derived from pmra-constitutive and pmra-null strains. a combination of rt-pcr and transcriptional analysis confirmed the inclusion of six new loci in ... | 2005 | 15681155 |
| inhibition of ifn-gamma-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines by vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) correlates with increased survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phop in murine macrophages. | vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)is a novel th2 cytokine that has been shown previously to rescue rats and mice from the lethal effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). we report that vip inhibited production of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-alpha)and interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), at the mrna level and that the inhibitory effect of vip was maintained when macrophages were cocultured with an immunostimulatory concentration of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)(10 ... | 2005 | 15684620 |
| the flag-2 locus, an ancestral gene cluster, is potentially associated with a novel flagellar system from escherichia coli. | escherichia coli k-12 possesses two adjacent, divergent, promoterless flagellar genes, fhia-mbha, that are absent from salmonella enterica. through bioinformatics analysis, we found that these genes are remnants of an ancestral 44-gene cluster and are capable of encoding a novel flagellar system, flag-2. in enteroaggregative e. coli strain 042, there is a frameshift in lfgc that is likely to have inactivated the system in this strain. tiling path pcr studies showed that the flag-2 cluster is pre ... | 2005 | 15687208 |
| host gene expression changes and dna amplification during temperate phage induction. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 harbors four temperate prophages. the lytic cycle of these phages was induced with hydrogen peroxide or mitomycin c. microarray analysis was used to monitor the increase in phage genome copy number and the changes in rna expression. phage gene transcription was classified temporally, and host genes that responded to hydrogen peroxide, mitomycin c, or phage induction were also identified. a region of the serovar typhimurium lt2 host genome encompassing ... | 2005 | 15687213 |
| [virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica--incidence and properties]. | salmonella virulence plasmids (svps) are large and closely related low-copy plasmids harbored by certain serovars of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. these serovars not only comprise those of veterinary significance like abortusequi, abortusovis, choleraesuis, dublin and gallinarum/pullorum, but also typhimurium and enteritidis which currently are the most prevalent serotypes in humans and food animals. experiments with several animal species gave evidence that svps increase salmonella s ... | 2005 | 15690632 |
| inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella by natural antimicrobials and high hydrostatic pressure in sliced cooked ham. | the effectiveness of nisin, lactate salts, and high hydrostatic pressure to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in sliced cooked ham was studied through a combination of pcr-based detection methods, most probable number, and classical microbial enumeration techniques (international organization for standardization protocols). a synergistic effect to inhibit a cocktail of listeria monocytogenes ctc1010, ctc1011, and ctc1034 was observed between potassium lactate, high hydr ... | 2005 | 15690822 |
| culture methods differ on the isolation of salmonella enterica serotypes from naturally contaminated swine fecal samples. | four culture methods (a, b, c, and d) were comparatively evaluated for their ability to isolate salmonella enterica from pooled swine fecal samples (n = 100). none of the methods was able to isolate salmonella from all positive samples. the relative sensitivity of the culture methods evaluated was 82%, 94%, 95%, and 78% for methods a, b, c, and d, respectively. the comparison of sensitivities showed that methods b and c performed significantly better (p < 0.05) than methods a and d. although rel ... | 2005 | 15690959 |
| disposition of orally administered cefpodoxime proxetil in foals and adult horses and minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug against common bacterial pathogens of horses. | to determine the disposition of orally administered cefpodoxime proxetil in foals and adult horses and measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug against common bacterial pathogens of horses. | 2005 | 15691032 |
| a novel mechanism for connecting bacterial two-component signal-transduction systems. | bacteria have many two-component signal-transduction systems (tcss) that respond to specific environmental signals by altering the phosphorylated state of a response regulator. although these systems are presumed to form an intricate signal network, the detailed mechanism of how they interact with each other remains largely unexplained. in a recent study of salmonella, two tcss have been discovered to be connected by a protein that protects a response regulator from dephosphorylation promoted by ... | 2005 | 15691651 |
| antimicrobial action of carvacrol at different stages of dual-species biofilm development by staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the effects of carvacrol, a natural biocide, on dual-species biofilms formed by staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were investigated with a constant-depth film fermentor. biofilm development reached a quasi-steady state in 12 days at 25 degrees c with s. aureus predominance ( approximately 99%). cryosectional analysis detected viable s. aureus and s. enterica serovar typhimurium at depths of 320 and 180 mum from the film surface, respectively. carvacrol pulses (1.0 ... | 2005 | 15691933 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp. in oysters in the united states. | food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis can be attributed, in part, to the consumption of raw oysters. to determine the prevalence of salmonella spp. in oysters, oysters harvested from 36 u.s. bays (12 each from the west, east, and gulf coasts in the summer of 2002, and 12 bays, four per coast, in the winter of 2002-2003) were tested. salmonella was isolated from oysters from each coast of the united states, and 7.4% of all oysters tested contained salmonella. isolation tended to be bay specif ... | 2005 | 15691945 |
| manipulation of the host actin cytoskeleton by salmonella--all in the name of entry. | the invasive pathogen salmonella enterica has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to subvert the cytoskeletal machinery of its host. following contact with the host cell, it delivers a distinct arsenal of effector proteins directly into the cytoplasm. these bacterial effectors coordinate transient actin rearrangements and alter vesicle trafficking to trigger invasion, without causing overt cellular damage. recent studies have shed new light on the signaling mechanisms underlying this remarkable hos ... | 2005 | 15694851 |