Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| sialyloligosaccharides of the respiratory epithelium in the selection of human influenza virus receptor specificity. | human h3 strains of influenza a virus preferentially bind cell-surface oligosaccharides containing the sequence neuac alpha 2,6gal, while avian influenza strains preferentially recognize the sequence neuac alpha 2,3gal. the distribution of these two types of sialic acid linkages on host respiratory epithelium, the target of influenza infection, may be a factor in the selection of the different receptor specificities observed in human and avian influenza strains. to examine the distribution of th ... | 1990 | 2091044 |
| does exposure to cs gas potentiate the severity of influenza? | 1990 | 2095429 | |
| [the possibility of the circulation of vaccinal influenza a viral strains in the biosphere]. | 1990 | 2097126 | |
| [acute respiratory infections of viral origin in the children of algiers, algeria based on a seroepidemiological study]. | 401 double serum samples from 0 to 14 year old children with acute respiratory diseases (ard) were analysed in view to establish the viral etiology. 198 (49.4%) out of the 401 were positive. the syncytial respiratory virus (srv) was the most frequent (29.8%) among the positives, followed by the parainfluenzae virus type 3 (24.7), the influenza a virus (23.7%), the parainfluenzae type 1 (8.5%), the influenza b (7%) and the parainfluenza type 2 (2%). seven samples out of 109 were positive for aden ... | 1990 | 2099830 |
| [the virological study of a certified focus of acute respiratory diseases in a half-closed community]. | an acute respiratory disease outbreak appeared during february and march 1988 in a half-closed community. virologic investigations were conducted and an influenza virus type b strain was isolated, antigenically like b/victoria 2/87. administration of the anti-influenza vaccine in the fifth day of the outbreak evolution led to considerable reduction of the new cases and to outbreak extinction after 48 hours. | 1990 | 2099831 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies against strains of influenza a virus in horse and pig sera in nigeria. | sera from horses and pigs obtained from lagos and ibadan respectively were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to two strains each of h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus. more horse sera had hi antibodies to the h3n2 than the h1n1 strains while pig sera reacted almost equally with strains of both subtypes. all the horse sera had hi antibodies to the two strains of h3n2 subtype (a/mississippi/1/85 and a/leningrad/360/86), while 87% and 14% of the horses examined were ... | 1990 | 2100750 |
| [profile of influenza viruses in poland 1986-1990]. | during the years 1986 through 1990 we isolated 69 strains of influenza viruses of which 43 were a(h3n2), 22--a(h1n1) and 4 b strains. influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated in 1986, 1988, 1989 and 1990 were similar to a/mississippi 1/85, a/inverness 3491/85, a/sichuan 2/87 and a/oms 5389/88. influenza a(h1n1) viruses isolated in 1987 and 1989 were similar to a/taiwan 1/86 and a/singapore 6/86 strains. influenza b viruses isolated in 1988 were similar to b/victoria 2/87 and b/beijing 1/87 strains. | 1990 | 2100811 |
| sialidase activity in rimantadine-resistant and -sensitive influenza a viruses. | rimantadine-resistant and -sensitive influenza a variants were assayed for their sialidase (neuraminidase, ec 3.2.1.18) activity. the kinetic parameters determined (ph optimum, stability against different ph values, thermal stability, activity on methylumbelliferyl-alpha-d-n-acetylneuraminic acid, n-acetylneuraminyl-lactose, fetuin and bovine submandibular gland mucin as substrates, km with the former substrate, inhibition by two competitive inhibitors, and behavior towards amantadine) revealed ... | 1990 | 2101800 |
| [community viral pneumonia in the adult population: a prospective multicenter study of 62 cases. the pneumonia study group of the community of valencia]. | the present work prospectively analyzes, in a multicentric study, viral pneumonias acquired in the community during one year. were studied 510 patients diagnosed of pneumonia in hospital, or whom 62 (12.1%) had a viral origin. influenza virus a and b were the most common causative agents (47.6% and 20.6% respectively). smoking habit was present in 44% of patients, previous ocfa in 45% and other previous pathology in 64.4%. the greatest number of registered cases was during december. the most fre ... | 1990 | 2102533 |
| polymer-metal complexes of protein antigens--new highly effective immunogens. | the mechanism of interaction of the copolymers n-vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid and n-vinylpyrrolidone-maleic anhydride with bovine serum albumin, influenza virus total surface antigen (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase), and the bcg protein fraction in the presence of divalent copper ions was investigated. novel water-soluble triple polymer-metal complexes of the above protein antigens were formed. these complexes showed high immunogenicity and conferred high levels of immunological protection. s ... | 1990 | 2103830 |
| immunological effects of tumor vaccines: ii. t cell responses directed against cellular antigens in the viral oncolysates. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with epithelial adenocarcinoma of the ovary treated in vivo with tumor vaccines administered as viral oncolysates (vo) exhibited significant proliferative responses in vitro to vo as well as to cellular oncolysates (co). these responses were dependent on the concentration of vo or co. vo consisted of lysates from the same ovarian tumor cell lines 2774 and caov3 infected in vitro with the avirulent strain of influenza virus a/pr8/34. co were ... | 1990 | 2103838 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1989-90. | 1990 | 2104957 | |
| failure of influenza vaccine to prevent two successive outbreaks of influenza a h1n1 in a school community. | forty nine of the 149 boys (33%) at a preparatory school fell ill at the beginning of the autumn term 1986 with symptoms of influenza. one hundred and eighty two of the 470 pupils (39%) in the senior part of the same school had similar symptoms of influenza at the beginning of the spring term 1987. a new variant of influenza a h1n1 virus was isolated from both outbreaks and shown to be antigenically similar to a/taiwan/1/86. the attack rate among pupils who had previously received trivalent infl ... | 1990 | 2107831 |
| v region gene usage and somatic mutation in the primary and secondary responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin. | most (80 to 90%) primary antibodies specific for the sb site of influenza virus (a/pr/8/34) hemagglutinin share an id (designated c4). secondary antihemagglutinin(sb) antibodies also exhibit the c4 id although less frequently (10 to 15%). we have analyzed the v region nucleotide sequences of primary and secondary antibodies with the c4 id. primary c4 antibodies are encoded by the same vk gene, belonging to the vk8 group, usually rearranged to jk5. the h chains are diverse, encoded by vh genes be ... | 1990 | 2108213 |
| in vitro virucidal effectiveness of a 0.12%-chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse. | the purpose of this work was to assess the in vitro antiviral effectiveness of a mouthrinse (peridex) containing 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (ch) on several viruses that are associated with the oral cavity. these included herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), influenza a, parainfluenza, polio, and hepatitis b (hbv). virucidal assays in tissue cultures were performed on all viruses except hbv. the virucidal effect on hbv was assessed by inactivation of the dna polymerase contained ... | 1990 | 2109001 |
| [serological and epidemiological characteristics of acute pneumonias caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae in belgorod]. | the etiology of the outbreaks of acute pneumonia in belgorod was established and their epidemiological features were studied. the mycoplasmal etiology of all cases of acute pneumonia in children and adults, appearing alongside acute respiratory infections resulting from the preceding outbreaks caused by influenza viruses a/prague/, b/leningrad/369/75, and all types of parainfluenza viruses, was shown. the droplet mechanism of the transfer of infection was established, which was confirmed by the ... | 1990 | 2111621 |
| [diagnosis of influenza virus type a and b infections]. | 1990 | 2113124 | |
| human neutrophil stimulation by influenza virus: relationship of cytoplasmic ph changes to cell activation. | we have previously demonstrated that influenza a virus (iav) stimulates the human neutrophil through phospholipase c activation. with the use of the fluorescent indicator 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf), cytoplasmic acidification and subsequent alkalinization are shown to accompany this activation. these responses are not inhibited by pertussis toxin (pt). the alkalinization is mediated largely *but not entirely) by the na(+)-h+ antiporter and is not initiated, or modulate ... | 1990 | 2113768 |
| increased virulence of a mouse-adapted variant of influenza a/fm/1/47 virus is controlled by mutations in genome segments 4, 5, 7, and 8. | to cause disease, influenza virus must possess several genetically determined abilities that mediate stages in pathogenesis. the virulent mouse-adapted variant a/fm/1/47-ma (fm-ma), derived from the avirulent a/fm/1/47 (fm) strain, had acquired mutations in genes that control virulence. the purpose of this study was to identify those genes that had mutated to result in increased virulence and to obtain viruses that differed in virulence because of differences in individual genome segments. the g ... | 1990 | 2117072 |
| a set of closely related antibodies dominates the primary antibody response to the antigenic site cb of the a/pr/8/34 influenza virus hemagglutinin. | approximately 50% of the primary antibody response of balb/c mice to the a/pr/8/34 influenza virus hemagglutinin is directed to the cb site, one of the four major antigenic regions of the molecule. to determine the structural basis of the anti-cb site response, we have examined the paratypic and genetic diversity exhibited by a panel of 24 primary and 4 secondary response mab specific for this antigenic region. reactivity pattern analysis demonstrated 20 distinct fine specificities among these a ... | 1990 | 2118933 |
| defects in antigen presentation of mutant influenza haemagglutinins are reversed by mutations in the mhc class ii molecule. | a functional analysis was undertaken of the effects of mutating single amino acid residues in the alpha chain of the i-ak molecule (to alanine; residues 50-79) on the ability of i-ak transfectants to process and present influenza haemagglutinin to cd4+ t cell clones specific for two major antigenic sites of the ha1 subunit. in each instance, t cells were insensitive to a majority of substitutions in ak with the exception of a few critical residues that differed for individual t cell clones. but ... | 1990 | 2123452 |
| influenza surveillance--wales, 1988-89. | important functions of influenza surveillance include early detection of epidemics-enabling immunization of persons not previously covered by routine immunization programs, notification of health providers to prepare for the possible impact on clinical workloads and hospital admissions, and characterization of prevalent strains to permit the timely production of appropriate vaccines. in 1986, a general-practice-based surveillance system was established in wales to facilitate reporting of infecti ... | 1990 | 2123515 |
| enhancement of anti-influenza a virus cytotoxicity following influenza a virus vaccination in older, chronically ill adults. | we studied anti-influenza cytotoxicity by bulk peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (pbl) cultures derived from older, chronically ill volunteers undergoing vaccination. vaccinees received either cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus intranasally or inactivated monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) subvirion vaccine intramuscularly. pbl were collected pre- and postvaccination and in vitro stimulated by autologous pbl infected with influenza a virus homologou ... | 1990 | 2123886 |
| structural homologies between two hla b27-restricted peptides suggest residues important for interaction with hla b27. | recently we described an hla b27-restricted peptide derived from hiv gag p24 protein. in this study we have isolated an hla b27-restricted peptide from the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza a virus. the shortest fragment recognized by cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) is eight amino acids long, residues 384-391. comparison of the sequence of these two hla b27 restricted peptides reveals homologies which can be aligned from one peptide to the other. of the eight residues, two are identical: tryptophan a ... | 1990 | 2126195 |
| translational control in influenza virus-infected cells. | influenza virus type a has been shown to establish a translational control system such that during infection there is a dramatic inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and viral mrnas are selectively and efficiently translated. the following review summarizes the complex strategies employed by influenza to accomplish these goals. these include: (i) preventing newly made cellular mrnas from entering the cytoplasm of infected cells; (ii) inhibiting the initiation and elongation steps of transla ... | 1990 | 2133654 |
| new ganglioside analogs that inhibit influenza virus sialidase. | synthetic thioglycoside-analogs of gangliosides such as neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)glc beta(1-1)ceramide (1) and the gm3 analog neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)gal beta(1-4)glc beta(1-1)ceramide (2), competitively inhibited gm3 hydrolysis by the sialidase of different subtypes of human and animal influenza viruses with an apparent ki value of 2.8 x 10(-6) and 1.5 x 10(-5) m, respectively. the inhibitory activity of the ganglioside gm4 analog [neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)gal beta(1-1)ceramide (3)], in which the glucose of 1 w ... | 1990 | 2136350 |
| nucleotide sequence and some biological properties of the ns gene of a newly isolated influenza b virus mutant which has a long carboxyl terminal deletion in the ns1 protein. | by a heterotypic cross between influenza viruses a/wsn (h1n1) and b/yamagata/1/73, we obtained a mutant of b/yamagata (awby-234), which expressed a greatly truncated ns1 protein with molecular weight of 13,500. direct sequencing of the ns gene of the mutant revealed a deletion of a single uridine base at the position 310, 311, or 312 of the plus sense rna, giving rise to a new stop codon at the position 314-316. the resulting ns1 protein was predicted to be composed of only 90 amino acids, compa ... | 1990 | 2136779 |
| [prevention of influenza a. effectiveness and tolerance of rimantadine hydrochloride]. | the prophylactic effectiveness of rimantadine hydrochloride (rh) during an outbreak of influenza a was evaluated in a double-blind study versus placebo (p). after identification of 111 homes with one affected member, 301 household contacts were enrolled and given either rh (151 contacts from 56 households) or a placebo (150 contacts from 55 households). each treatment was given for ten days. overall, at least one contact developed influenza in 8 of the 56 rh group households and 19 of the 55 pla ... | 1990 | 2137233 |
| production of interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor activities in bronchoalveolar washings following infection of mice by influenza virus. | mice were infected with influenza a virus by aerosol. bronchoalveolar washings obtained from infected mice contained interleukin 1 (il-1) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) activities. il-1 was present at day 4 post-infection but not at day 7. tnf activity was present at day 4 and day 7 post-infection. the presence of both these monokines was coincident with increased cell populations in the lungs. in vitro studies demonstrated that macrophages from non-infected mice produce il-1 and tnf activitie ... | 1990 | 2137872 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| replication of h1n1 influenza viruses in cultured mouse embryo brain cells: virus strain and cell differentiation affect synthesis of proteins encoded in rna segments 7 and 8 and efficiency of mrna splicing. | the aims of these studies are (1) to determine whether, and by what mechanism(s), underexpression of m1 and/or ns1 protein restricts replication and cytopathogenicity in mouse brain cells of human influenza viruses which are closely related to the neurovirulent wsn variant but not selected for the neurovirulent phenotype; (2) to learn, ultimately, whether similarly restricted replication in natural infections might be enough to cause direct or indirect, immunologically mediated, neuropathology. ... | 1990 | 2140629 |
| analysis of influenza a virus temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in rna segment 8. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza virus strain a/udorn/72 (h3n2 subtype) with lesions in rna segment 8 exhibited intrasegmental complementation, and were divided in two complementation groups (h1 and h2) on mdck cells. the nucleotide sequence of segment 8 was determined for three of these mutants. the h1 strains, icr1629 and spc45, have a single amino acid substitution in the coding region of the non-structural protein ns1, whereas the h2 strain, icr516, has a substitution in the n ... | 1990 | 2141068 |
| t-cell functions in ovarian cancer patients treated with viral oncolysates: i. increased helper activity to immunoglobulins production. | we investigated the humoral and cellular responses of ovarian cancer patients treated with viral oncolysates (vo) tumor vaccines. all patients treated with vo developed tumor cell surface-reacting antibodies and anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. furthermore, pbmc from these patients developed cellular proliferative responses to the cellular oncolysates (co). the in vitro proliferating population consisted mainly of cd4+ cells, as demonstrated by depletion experiments using the corresponding monoclo ... | 1990 | 2142392 |
| renal pathology in specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated with a waterfowl-origin type a influenza virus. | five-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated intravenously with a waterfowl-origin type a influenza virus (a/mallard/ohio/184/86) had swollen and mottled kidneys on days 3, 5, and 7 postinoculation (pi) and multiple raised nodules on days 5, 10, and 20 pi. histologically, the kidneys had multifocal heterophilic tubulointerstitial nephritis with epithelial necrosis on day 3 pi, lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis on day 5 pi, and fibrosing interstitial nephritis with cortic ... | 1990 | 2142419 |
| persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. | persistence of five avian influenza viruses (aivs) derived from four waterfowl species in louisiana and representing five hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes was determined in distilled water at 17 c and 28 c. infectivity was determined over 60 days by microtiter endpoint titration. one aiv was tested over 91 days at 4 c. linear regression models for these viruses predicted that an initial concentration of 1 x 10(6) tcid50/ml water could remain infective for up to 207 days at 17 c and up to ... | 1990 | 2142420 |
| effects of ph, temperature, and salinity on persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. | the combined effects of water temperature, salinity, and ph on persistence of avian influenza virus (aiv) were evaluated in a model distilled-water system using three isolates from ducks sampled in cameron parish, louisiana. variables were tested within the ranges normally associated with surface water. differences were detected between temperature (17 c and 28 c), ph (6.2, 7.2, 8.2), and salinity (0 ppt and 20 ppt), with a strong interactive effect observed between ph and salinity. estimated pe ... | 1990 | 2142421 |
| specific inhibition of the synthesis of influenza virus late proteins and stimulation of early, m2, and ns2 protein synthesis by 3-deazaadenosine. | 3-deazaaristeromycin and 3-deazaadenosine (3da-ado) both interfere with the methylation of rna, but only 3da-ado is metabolized to the corresponding homocysteine derivative. in contrast to 3-deazaaristeromycin, 3da-ado inhibits the synthesis of late influenza a virus proteins in chicken embryo cells (cec), while it causes an overproduction of early proteins and of the nonstructural proteins ns2 and m2. only the former effect of 3da-ado can be reversed by concomitant addition of adenosine, but no ... | 1990 | 2142557 |
| mutation in ns2, a nonstructural protein of influenza a virus, extragenically causes aberrant replication and expression of the pa gene and leads to generation of defective interfering particles. | several consecutive undiluted passages of infectious virus are usually required to obtain defective interfering particles of influenza virus. in contrast, a reassortant (wa-182) of influenza a/wsn, which we isolated, whose ns gene was replaced with the ns gene of a/aichi, was readily converted to defective interfering form after only a single high-multiplicity infection. the defective interfering particles of wa-182 were devoid of the pa gene (rna segment 3) but possessed several species of subg ... | 1990 | 2143025 |
| pulmonary antibacterial defenses during mild and severe influenza virus infection. | severe influenza virus infections with pneumonic involvement are known to predispose the lungs to bacterial superinfections due to dysfunctions in the alveolar macrophage (am) phagocytic system. to determine whether milder forms of influenza without pneumonic involvement have a similar outcome, pulmonary antibacterial defenses and am phagocytosis were compared in murine models of mild and severe influenza virus a/hk/68 infections. bactericidal activity was quantitated by the intrapulmonary killi ... | 1990 | 2143751 |
| evolution of the ns genes of the influenza a viruses. ii. characteristics of the amino acid changes in the ns1 proteins of the influenza a viruses. | we compared the amino acid sequences of the ns1 proteins of human, equine, and avian influenza viruses. the ratios of the amino acid substitutions per nucleotide substitutions in the ns1 proteins were about 27-45%, suggesting the existence of constraints on the amino acid changes of the ns1 protein in evolution. as a measure of constraints exerted on the regions of a protein, a changeability index is proposed. there was a highly conserved region between amino acid residues 30 and 50. the c-termi ... | 1990 | 2144065 |
| evolution of the ns genes of the influenza a viruses. i. the genetic relatedness of the ns genes of animal influenza viruses. | we compared the nucleotide sequences of the ns genes of 13 animal influenza viruses belonging to human, swine, avian, and equine viruses for the study of the genetic relatedness of the ns genes in animal influenza viruses. the ns genes of three virus strains a/chicken/brescia/02, a/equine/prague/56, and a/equine/miami/63 were newly sequenced. the base sequence homologies between the ns genes of avian, human, swine, and the a/equine/miami/63 viruses were 87.8% or higher. on the other hand, the ba ... | 1990 | 2144066 |
| regulation of human cytotoxic t lymphocyte development by il-7. | the effects of il-7 on the generation of human ctl in alloantigen-, virus-, and lectin-stimulated systems were examined. addition of il-7 at the onset of cultures resulted in marked (up to 80-fold) augmentation of cytotoxicity accompanied by smaller (1.5- to 4-fold) increases in total lymphocyte number. studies of ctl development in purified lectin-stimulated cd8+ t cell populations demonstrated that il-7 could act directly on the cd8+ lymphocyte subset to augment cytotoxicity. in mlc, the il-7- ... | 1990 | 2145359 |
| late dominance of the inflammatory process in murine influenza by gamma/delta + t cells. | the inflammatory response in the lungs of mice infected with an influenza a virus consists largely of macrophages and cd3+ t cells. most t lymphocytes recovered before day 7 after infection express mrna for the t cell receptor alpha/beta (tcr-alpha/beta), while tcr-gamma/delta mrna+ cells are found at much higher frequency over the next 7 d. the predominant surface phenotype for the tcr-gamma/delta mrna+ population is cd3+4-8-tcr-alpha/beta-. some lymphocytes expressing all the known v gamma gen ... | 1990 | 2145388 |
| mechanisms of neutralization of influenza virus in tracheal epithelial and bhk cells vary according to igg concentration. | the interaction of igg-neutralized type a influenza virus with differentiated epithelial cells of mouse trachea, bhk cells, and chicken erythrocytes was studied using three mouse monoclonal antibodies (igg2a) each directed against a different antigenic site on the hemagglutinin. at high hiu:hau ratios virus was neutralized greater than 99%, monodisperse, and attached to tracheal epithelial and bhk cells in normal amounts. the majority (70-80%) of neutralized virus failed to attach to erythrocyte ... | 1990 | 2145688 |
| e3/19k from adenovirus 2 is an immunosubversive protein that binds to a structural motif regulating the intracellular transport of major histocompatibility complex class i proteins. | we have previously expressed in transgenic mice a chimeric h-2kd/kk protein called c31, which contains the extracellular alpha 1 domain of kd, whereas the rest of the molecule is of kk origin. this molecule functions as a restriction element for alloreactive and influenza a-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) but is only weakly expressed at the cell surface of splenocytes. here, we show that the low cell surface expression is the result of slow intracellular transport and processing of the c3 ... | 1990 | 2147948 |
| [experimental microbiological research on instrument and denture disinfection with a disinfectant spray for dental practice and the use of patients. 2. virological studies; the evaluation summary]. | carrier experiments using echo- and influenza-viruses on denture basis resins and fragments of orthodontic appliances resulted in good and even very good virucidal effects of disinfectant sprays desident and fesia-sept. the application of the disinfectant as spray seem to be advantageous, but is not recommendable. the diverse causes of this conclusion are discussed and an alternative way is proposed. | 1990 | 2149903 |
| [human leukocytic interferon as an agent for emergency prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory diseases in children's preschool institutions]. | 1990 | 2150098 | |
| [the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of the course of a mixed epidemic of influenza and respiratory syncytial infection in novoshakhtinsk in the summer of 1986]. | in the summer of 1986 the epidemic, whose etiological agents were influenza viruses a (h1n1) and respiratory syncytial virus, was registered among the population of novoshakhtinsk. in a number of mines 15.3-16.7% of the employees were affected. influenza viruses a (h1n1) proved to be closely related in their antigenic and biological properties to viruses isolated in the ussr in march-june 1986, as well as to viruses a (h1n1), the etiological agents of the epidemic which developed in the ussr in ... | 1990 | 2151553 |
| characterization of influenza a virus activation of the human neutrophil. | neutrophil dysfunction consequent to influenza a virus infection has been described in vivo and in vitro and may contribute to the serious bacterial sequelae which occur in influenza-infected hosts. on the premise that such dysfunction may represent a form of "deactivation," we sought to characterize neutrophil activation by the virus in comparison with other agonists. the virus induces a respiratory burst in which h2o2 (but not o2-) are formed. preceding the respiratory burst, a rise in intrace ... | 1990 | 2153030 |
| fluoro carbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'- and 6'-fluoro carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleosides including carbocyclic 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil and carbocyclic 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil. | the racemic carbocyclic 2'-fluoroarabinosyl pyrimidine nucleosides 8, 9 (c-fiau), 12, and 13 (c-fmau) and the 2'-fluororibosyl pyrimidine nucleosides 17, 20, and 21 were prepared from their respective protected 2'-fluoro amino diols 5 and 14. the carbocyclic 2'-2'-difluorothymidine analogue 27 was obtained from the protected difluoro amino diol 24 which was prepared from the ketone 23 and (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (dast). the chiral carbocyclic 2'-deoxy-6'-fluorouridines 33, 34, 38, and 3 ... | 1990 | 2153201 |
| emerging viruses, emerging threat. | 1990 | 2153314 | |
| fatal swine influenza pneumonia during late pregnancy. | serious morbidity or death from swine influenza infection is unusual in the immunocompetent host. we present a fatal case of pneumonia caused by this virus in a previously healthy 32-year-old woman during her third trimester of pregnancy, and review all published case reports of swine influenza in united states civilians. pregnancy may be a predisposing factor to fulminant infection with swine influenza virus. | 1990 | 2153372 |
| viral lower respiratory tract infections in filipino children. | viral causes of acute lower respiratory tract infection were studied prospectively between 15 june and 31 october 1984 in 312 filipino children less than 5 years old living in periurban slums and middle-class housing. the cause was based on viral antigen detection, virus isolation, and antibody assays. there were 131 children (41.2%) who were admitted to the hospital, and 150 (47%) had an infiltrate on chest radiograph. a total of 198 viral infections were confirmed in 162 patients (51.9%), 42.3 ... | 1990 | 2153734 |
| cloning and sequence analyses of cdnas for interferon- and virus-induced human mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter. | the human protein p78 is induced and accumulated in cells treated with type i interferon or with some viruses. it is the human homolog of the mouse mx protein involved in resistance to influenza virus. a full-length cdna clone encoding the human p78 protein was cloned and sequenced. it contained an open reading frame of 662 amino acids, corresponding to a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 75,500, in good agreement with the mr of 78,000 determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels for ... | 1990 | 2154602 |
| experimental influenza a virus myocarditis in mice. light and electron microscopic, virologic, and hemodynamic study. | to elucidate the heart involvement associated with influenza virus infection, the authors studied the hearts of influenza a/pr/8/34 virus-inoculated icr mice by light and electron microscopy, cardiac catheterization, virus assay, and indirect immunofluorescence. light microscopy showed small necrotic foci with inflammatory cell infiltration spreading in the myocardium on days 3 to 7 and evidence of healing by day 9 after inoculation. electron microscopy demonstrated that necrotic cell debris was ... | 1990 | 2154929 |
| [the effect of parvovirus vaccination in sows through their 4th parity and the role of influenza h1n1 virus]. | the effects of vaccination of a porcine parvovirus (ppv) in gilts and the first four litters were studied in a pig-breeding herd. in addition to determination of the technical results, ppv and influenza (h1n1) titres were measured. from the serological findings it was apparent that ppv and influenza (h1n1) virus circulated during the trial. the number of total-born and live-born piglets was significantly higher in the first litter when ppv-vaccinated and non-vaccinated gilts were compared. on th ... | 1990 | 2156355 |
| surveillance of viral respiratory tract infections over a one year period in mainly hospitalized austrian infants and children by a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay diagnosis. | in order to obtain more information on viral respiratory tract infections in austrian infants and children, nasopharyngeal secretions from 1432 infants and children, collected from october 1984 to october 1985, were screened for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3, and influenza viruses type a and b, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results obtained were analyzed with respect to incidence, seasonal distribution an ... | 1990 | 2156381 |
| experimental infection of ponies with equine influenza (h3n8) viruses by intranasal inoculation or exposure to aerosols. | infection of seronegative welsh mountain ponies was established by intranasal instillation or exposure to nebulised aerosol of egg grown h3n8 viruses. pyrexia and coughing were noted following intranasal instillation and high titres of virus were recovered from the nasopharynx. exposure to aerosol resulted in more severe clinical signs characterised by high temperatures, dyspnoea, anorexia and coughing; lower levels of virus were recovered from the nasopharynx. the severity of clinical signs and ... | 1990 | 2156688 |
| immune response to oil-emulsion vaccines with single or mixed antigens of newcastle disease, avian influenza, and infectious bronchitis. | inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antigens were evaluated for immunological efficacy in monovalent and polyvalent vaccines. vaccinated broilers were bled for hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests at 1- or 2-week intervals. half of the chickens were challenged with the largo isolate of velogenic viscerotropic (vv) ndv at 8 weeks post-vaccination, and the remainder were challenged with the massachusetts 41 strain ibv at 9 ... | 1990 | 2157390 |
| prevention and control of influenza. recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip) | 1990 | 2159107 | |
| [vaccinations in pigs]. | efficacious and safe gi-negative vaccines are available for vaccination against aujeszky's disease. an intensive vaccination programme carried out consistently will result in the reduction of virus circulating among pig populations. combined vaccination and culling of gi-seropositive pigs may lead to eradication of aujeszky's disease virus in a stock. vaccination of susceptible gilts, sows and boars against parvovirus infections is advisable. the actual period for which a sow is protected agains ... | 1990 | 2161569 |
| resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human mxa protein. | mxa and mxb are interferon-induced proteins of human cells and are related to the murine protein mx1, which confers selective resistance to influenza virus. in contrast to the nuclear murine protein mx1, mxa and mxb are located in the cytoplasm, and their role in the interferon-induced antiviral state was unknown. in this report we show that transfected cell lines expressing mxa acquired a high degree of resistance to influenza a virus. surprisingly, mxa also conferred resistance to vesicular st ... | 1990 | 2161946 |
| bovine and mouse serum beta inhibitors of influenza a viruses are mannose-binding lectins. | normal bovine and mouse sera contain a component, termed beta inhibitor, that inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h1 and h3 subtypes. to investigate the nature of the interaction of beta inhibitors with influenza a viruses we isolated a mutant of the virus mem71h-beln (h3n1) that could grow in the presence of bovine serum. the mutant virus was resistant to hemagglutination inhibition by mouse serum as well as by bovine serum and had undergone chan ... | 1990 | 2162043 |
| new acquisitions in the chemotherapy of viral infections. | the development of new antiviral agents has gained increasing momentum. it has kept pace with the identification of specific sites ("targets") in the virus replicative cycle at which potential antiviral drug can interact. the current armamentarium of available antiviral drugs consists of amantadine and rimantadine (against influenza a), ribavirin (against respiratory syncytial virus infection), idoxuridine and trifluridine (against herpetic keratitis), vidarabine and acyclovir (against herpes si ... | 1990 | 2162118 |
| [morphometric analysis of immunologic deficiency in newborn mice developing after transplacental transmission of live or inactivated influenza a virus]. | morphometric evaluation of the thymus and spleen was used to characterize the complex immunological deficiency in suckling mice developing as a result of transplacental transmission of both live and inactivated influenza virus. | 1990 | 2163566 |
| polarized sorting of viral glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. | cultured hippocampal neurons were infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and a wild-type strain of the avian influenza fowl plague virus (fpv). the intracellular distribution of viral glycoproteins was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy. in mature, fully polarized neurons the vsv glycoprotein (a basolateral protein in epithelial mdck cells) moved from the golgi complex to the dendritic domain, whereas the hemagglutinin protein of fpv (an apically ... | 1990 | 2163770 |
| rapid diagnosis of equine influenza. | during an epizootic of equine influenza in norway caused by influenza a/equine (h3n8) virus the efficacy of rapid virus diagnosis by the indirect immunofluorescence technique was evaluated. the antiserum used in the test was a polyclonal influenza a virus antiserum with reactivity directed mainly against the common nucleoprotein and matrix protein. this antiserum possessed sufficient reactivity for the detection of virus-infected exfoliated nasopharyngeal cells. nasopharyngeal smear samples from ... | 1990 | 2164275 |
| fusion-mediated microinjection of liposome-enclosed dna into cultured cells with the aid of influenza virus glycoproteins. | influenza viruses were able to mediate fusion of dna-loaded liposomes with living cultured cells such as monkey cos-7 cells. this was inferred from the appearance of cat activity in recipient cells incubated with the combination of influenza viruses and liposomes loaded with the plasmid psv2cat. influenza virions were found to be as efficient as intact sendai virions in mediating microinjection of foreign dna into living cells. also, reconstituted envelopes bearing either influenza glycoproteins ... | 1990 | 2164484 |
| effect of influenza virus strains on lipid metabolism of infected hek cells. | we have shown previously that in infected hel cells varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes a shift from polar to neutral lipid synthesis and that some strains of the virus depressed total lipid synthesis. in this report we show that vzv produces a similar effect on the lipid metabolism of infected human embryonic kidney cells. the pattern of lipid synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells infected with either of two strains of influenza type a virus was similar to that of control uninfected cells, ... | 1990 | 2165041 |
| alterations in influenza a virus specific immune injury in mice anesthetized with halothane or ketamine. | cd-1 mice infected with a sublethal dose of influenza a virus were anesthetized for 2 h with halothane. these mice were compared to a control group which was similarly infected using ketamine sedation. mice anesthetized with halothane showed less physical signs of illness and demonstrated less lung histopathology than the control group of mice. virus titers were reduced in the group of animals exposed to halothane 12 h after infection, but were the same as the infected controls at all other time ... | 1990 | 2165044 |
| human malignant melanoma cell line (hmv-ii) for isolation of influenza c and parainfluenza viruses. | hmv-ii, a human malignant melanoma cell line, was compared with other cell lines (mdck, vero, and llc-mk2) and primary cultures of monkey kidney (pmk) cells for the isolation and quantification of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. hmv-ii cells were superior to mdck and llc-mk2 cells in quantification of the influenza c virus and were used successfully in the isolation of the virus from clinical specimens. the hmv-ii cell line was also more sensitive for isolating parainfluenza viruses from cl ... | 1990 | 2166075 |
| sequential virus infections, bacterial superinfections, and fibrogenesis. | parainfluenza 1 (sendai) and influenza a virus pneumonitis cause severe lung damage, which, upon resolution, is followed by persistent alveolitis and parenchymal changes characterized by patchy consolidation and collagen deposition in the affected areas. to determine whether these long-term sequelae of the virus pneumonias are cumulative, mice were infected by aerosol inhalation with sendai virus, influenza a virus, or sendai followed 30 days later by influenza virus infection. at 90 days after ... | 1990 | 2166456 |
| effects of chicken embryo age on time to death following infection by avian influenza viruses: implications for distinguishing highly pathogenic isolates. | when white leghorn (wl) chick embryos ranging in age from 8 to 13 days were inoculated with a variety of avian influenza virus (aiv) isolates, strain-specific differences in embryo mean death times (mdt) were observed. non-highly pathogenic (nhp) strains killed 8 or 9 day-old embryos much more rapidly than 12 or 13 day-old embryos. highly pathogenic (hp) strains, however, were less sensitive to embryo age resulting in similar mdts in both older and younger embryos. these observations were consis ... | 1990 | 2166979 |
| close relationship between mink influenza (h10n4) and concomitantly circulating avian influenza viruses. | strains of an influenza h10n4 virus have been isolated during an outbreak of a respiratory disease in mink on the south-east coast of sweden. this was the first example of a disease in mammals caused by the h10 subtype. we compared the a/mink/sweden/84 strain with two recent avian h10n4 isolates, one from fowl and another from a mallard, both isolated in great britain in 1985 as well as the prototype a/chicken/germany/n/49 (h10n7). the comparison was carried out by genomic analysis of the strain ... | 1990 | 2167060 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 3'-deoxy-3'-c-hydroxymethyl nucleosides. | a series of 3'-branched-chain sugar nucleosides, in particular 3'-deoxy-3'-c-hydroxmethyl nucleosides, have been synthesized and evaluated as antiviral agents. reaction of 1-(2,3-epoxy-5-o-trityl-beta-d-lyxo-pentofuranosyl) derivatives 12 and 13, of uracil and thymine, respectively, with 5,6-dihydro-2-lithio-5-methyl-1,3,5-dithiazine 14 afforded the corresponding 3'-functionalized nucleosides 15 and 16, respectively. replacement of the trityl group with tertbutyldiphenylsilyl allowed high yieldi ... | 1990 | 2167981 |
| anti-viral immunity induced by recombinant nucleoprotein of influenza a virus. iii. delivery of recombinant nucleoprotein to the immune system using attenuated salmonella typhimurium as a live carrier. | a plasmid encoding the influenza nucleoprotein gene from a/nt/60/68 virus was transduced into the attenuated salmonella typhimurium aroa- strain sl3261. the bacterial vector expressing the viral gene product was able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the nucleoprotein antigen. cd4+ virus-specific t cells capable of proliferation were readily induced and, in some circumstances, class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxicity was detected. however ... | 1990 | 2168340 |
| the immunogenicity of vp7, a rotavirus antigen resident in the endoplasmic reticulum, is enhanced by cell surface expression. | the glycoprotein vp7, the major serotype antigen of rotaviruses, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of the cell, where it is retained as a membrane-associated protein before assembly into mature virus particles. wild-type vp7 expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus was also located internally and was poorly antigenic. using recombinant techniques, a correctly processed, secreted form of vp7 (s.c. stirzaker and g.w. both, cell 56:741-747, 1989) was modified by addition to its c term ... | 1990 | 2168965 |
| epidemic of fever of unknown origin in rural thailand, caused by influenza a (h1n1) and dengue fever. | in the late summer (rainy season) of 1987, a sharp outbreak of fever of unknown origin (fuo) in rural southern thailand was investigated by a field epidemiology team. in a random survey of households, 40 percent of the children and 20 percent of adults were reported to have had febrile illnesses within the last month. there was at least one death, possibly from reye's syndrome. testing 34 pairs of acute and convalescent sera showed significant hi antibody titer rises to influenza a (taiwan/(h1n1 ... | 1990 | 2169651 |
| examination of sera from game birds for antibodies against avian viruses. | 1990 | 2171182 | |
| successful competition in translation by the flavivirus kunjin with poliovirus during co-infections in vero cells. | infection with poliovirus effectively inhibited the translation of vero cell messengers (carrying type 1 or type 2 caps at the 5' end) and of influenza virus messengers (type 1 caps) in co-infections. in contrast, kunjin virus rna (type 1 caps) and semliki forest virus rna (a togavirus, with type 0 caps) continued to be translated in the presence of co-infecting poliovirus. translation of kunjin virus rna was also unaffected during co-infections with either influenza virus or semliki forest viru ... | 1990 | 2171465 |
| fluorescence anisotropy of viruses treated with formaldehyde and dimethyl-sulfoxide. | the fluorescence anisotropy changes observed in a-1 (h1n1) influenza and sendai parainfluenza viruses in aqueous suspensions when formaldehyde (0.1 to 1.0 p.c.) and dimethyl-sulfoxide (0.3 to 5.0 p.c.) were added, using both intrinsic fluorescence of viral proteins and that of the membrane fluorescent probe--dph, showed significant differences with regard to the virus and the history of the suspensions used, allowing under rigorous standardized conditions the use of fluorescence anisotropy measu ... | 1990 | 2171626 |
| amantadine attack on influenza a. | 1990 | 2172115 | |
| anti-viral immunity induced by recombinant nucleoprotein of influenza a virus. ii. protection from influenza infection and mechanism of protection. | protection against influenza a virus infection in mice immunized with recombinant nucleoprotein (rnp) was studied. nucleoprotein-immune mice were protected against a lethal challenge with a/puerto rico/8/34 (a/pr8) virus but showed considerable morbidity before recovery. local boosting of the immune system with rnp by intranasal immunization improved the protection in np-immune mice, and the decrease in morbidity after infection was reflected in accelerated clearance of virus from lungs. however ... | 1990 | 2172156 |
| an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by a small round structured virus in a geriatric convalescent facility. | an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis (age) occurred in a 201-bed geriatric convalescent facility in los angeles county during december 1988 through january 1989. the attack rate was 55% among residents and 25% among employees. illnesses were characterized by vomiting and diarrhea to a lesser extent, and the absence of fever. bacterial and parasitic tests in a sample of patients were negative. a 27 nm small round structured virus (srsv) was identified in one of 30 stools studied by immune electro ... | 1990 | 2172363 |
| activity of rat mx proteins against a rhabdovirus. | upon stimulation with alpha/beta interferon, rat cells synthesize three mx proteins. sequence analysis of corresponding cdnas reveals that these three proteins are derived from three distinct genes. one of the rat cdnas is termed mx1 because it is most closely related to the mouse mx1 cdna and because it codes for a nuclear protein that, like the mouse mx1 protein, inhibits influenza virus growth. however, this protein differs from mouse mx1 protein, in that it also inhibits vesicular stomatitis ... | 1990 | 2173790 |
| acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine. | a descriptive study of acute bronchitis in patients without pre-existing pulmonary disease was undertaken in the community during the winter months of 1986-87. forty-two episodes were investigated in 40 individuals. the cardinal symptom was the acute onset of cough (100%), usually productive (90%). wheezing was noted by 62% of patients, but heard on auscultation in only 31%. a potential pathogen was isolated in 29% of cases with a virus (eight cases) being identified more frequently than either ... | 1990 | 2174179 |
| an elisa for detection of antibodies against influenza a nucleoprotein in humans and various animal species. | a double antibody sandwich blocking elisa, using a monoclonal antibody (mab) against influenza a nucleoprotein (np) was developed to detect antibodies against influenza. collections of serum samples were obtained from human and various animal species. all influenza a subtypes induced antibodies against hemagglutinins and np. a close correlation between titers of the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test and the np-elisa was seen. antibodies against influenza np were demonstrated in serum samples ... | 1990 | 2174233 |
| removal of pathogenic human viruses by insoluble pyridinium-type resin. | cross-linked poly(n-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (bvp resin) was found to be very efficient in removing pathogenic human viruses from aqueous solution. in batch removal experiments using 50 g/l of bvp resin at 35 degrees c, the level of infectivity in suspensions of enterovirus, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus was reduced 1000-100,000 fold during a 2 h period. those of coxsackievirus and echovirus were reduced 60-600 fold during 1 h contact. the haemagglut ... | 1990 | 2174373 |
| new method for titration of virus infectivity by immunostaining. | we have developed a new method for titration of viruses utilizing automated microtiter technology. compared to existing methods such as plaque assay or hemagglutination titration of influenza virus, the new method offers distinct advantages in terms of time and effort. in addition because multiple replicates can easily be employed accuracy can be increased. | 1990 | 2175196 |
| [a morphological study of pneumopathies caused by associated para-influenza and influenza viruses]. | histological examination of lungs collected from mice inoculated with influenza a/pr 8/34 (h0n0) and/or parainfluenza type 3 viruses revealed the existence of lymphohistiocytic interstitial bronchopneumonia lesions. necrosis zones were found in the lungs of influenza virus infected animals. associated infection by the two viruses induced also the fibroblast and fibrocyte proliferation, at same average ratios. | 1990 | 2176531 |
| [the incidence of influenzal, para-influenzal and adenoviral antigens in keratoconjunctivitis patients during immunization with nivgrip vaccine]. | repeated intranasal administrations of nivgrip, influenza inactivated vaccine, to patients with chronic recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, led to a significant reduction of respiratory virus incidence, as revealed by the immunofluorescence test in the conjunctive epithelial cells. the effect is probably due to endogenous interferon stimulation by the vaccine, at the nasopharyngeal level. | 1990 | 2176535 |
| molecular evolution of human t-cell leukemia virus. | phylogenetic trees for the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) and its related viruses were constructed by use of nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeat (ltr) and the tax gene. the trees showed that the viruses diverged from a common ancestral virus and that they are classified into two groups whose hosts are either primates or bovines. however, the topology of the trees for the viruses differed from that for the hosts. this suggests that htlv-i and htlv-i-related viruses evolv ... | 1990 | 2176698 |
| isolation and identification of viral agents in argentinian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | from a total population of 1,002 children with acute lower respiratory infection (alri), identification of virus was achieved in 304 cases. in this survey, 1,000 nasopharyngeal aspirate and 13 lung tissue samples were tested in four cell lines (hep-2, mrc-5, mdck, and llc-mk2) and by indirect immunofluorescence (iif), while 242 paired sera were studied by complement fixation. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the most frequently detected agent (n = 183), followed by adenovirus (n = 28), para ... | 1990 | 2176736 |
| a hospital-based study of acute viral infections of the respiratory tract in thai children, with emphasis on laboratory diagnosis. | the hospital-based study described here examined the viruses found in 738 children less than 5 years old who presented at ramathibodi hospital, bangkok, thailand, from january 1986 to december 1987 with acute respiratory tract infections. three methods for detection of viral infection are compared: direct examination of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract with the use of fluorescent antibody staining, isolation of virus, and measurement of antibody in acute- and convalescent-phase sera. vi ... | 1990 | 2176738 |
| sero-epidemiological screening of pig sera collected at the slaughterhouse to detect herds infected with aujeszky's disease virus, porcine influenza virus and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in the framework of an integrated quality control (iqc) system. | over a period of six months, approximately 4700 blood samples were collected from 97 pig-finishing farms in the provinces of noord-brabant and gelderland and screened for antibodies with respect to aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine influenza virus (pi) and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (app). there were significant differences in the percentages of seropositive pigs between the two provinces, which may be related to the difference in the density of the pig population in the ... | 1990 | 2176752 |
| diagnosis of swine influenza with an immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies. | direct diagnosis of swine influenza infection by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using anti-nucleoproteine monoclonal antibody was compared with virus isolation. five 8-week-old pigs were inoculated with 2 x 10(7) eid50 of strain a h1n1sw/4115/85. clinical signs developed in only three pigs. antigen was detected in nasal epithelial cells obtained from all animals the first day after inoculation; the antigen was detected in one pig 6 days after the infection. fluorescence was present in ... | 1990 | 2176753 |
| evidence for a direct role for sialic acid in the attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to human erythrocytes. | sialic acid residues are required in cellular receptors for many different mammalian viruses. sialic acid could have a direct role, being an integral part of the virus binding site on the receptor. alternatively, negatively charged sialic acid could have an indirect role, being responsible for holding the receptor in the required configuration for virus recognition, for instance, by interacting with positively charged amino acid residues found in the polypeptide chain of receptors. we have inves ... | 1990 | 2176879 |
| mm 46115, a new antiviral antibiotic from actinomadura pelletieri. characteristics of the producing cultures, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. | six strains of actinomadura pelletieri were shown to produce a novel macrolide antibiotic, designated mm 46115. mm 46115 was active against parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 and gram-positive bacteria. methods are described for the production of mm 46115 by strain ip 729.63, and for the isolation of the compound from a butanol extract of the culture filtrate. | 1990 | 2177052 |
| influenza a and rhabdomyolysis. | a case of influenza a h3n2 resulting in unusually severe rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria is described. although a rare complication of viral infection, prompt treatment with intravenous fluids can prevent the serious complications which may follow. | 1990 | 2177078 |
| heptad repeat sequences are located adjacent to hydrophobic regions in several types of virus fusion glycoproteins. | extensive regions of heptad repeat units consistent with an alpha-helical coiled coil conformation are located adjacent to hydrophobic, potentially fusion-related regions in the amino acid sequences of paramyxovirus fusion and retrovirus envelope glycoproteins. similar arrangements of hydrophobic peptides and heptad repeat units exist in coronavirus peplomer proteins and influenza virus haemagglutinins. this suggests that there may be similarities in the structures of these proteins and in the f ... | 1990 | 2177097 |