Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| clinical research abstracts of the british equine veterinary association congress 2015. | although fasciolosis is an important livestock disease worldwide, the public health importance of human fasciolosis has increased in recent years and it is recognised as an important re-emerging zoonotic disease, its epidemiology and pathogenicity in donkeys, and the epidemiological role they may play have not been determined. | 2015 | 26375729 |
| theileria equi and babesia caballi infection of equids in punjab, india: a serological and molecular survey. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in submountain undulating, undulating plain, western and western plain agro-climatic zones of punjab province, india, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and associated related risk factors of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in equids (horses, donkey, mules). an overall prevalence of 14.14 and 0.0% of t. equi and b. caballi was recorded by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) for both ... | 2016 | 26387094 |
| using physical and emotional parameters to assess donkey welfare in botswana. | working donkeys in maun, botswana contribute to people's livelihoods substantially through the provision of transport, ploughing and income generating activities. however, working donkeys suffer from various welfare issues that were investigated in this study to provide preliminary insights on their health and well-being. | 2015 | 26392888 |
| predictors and risk factors for the intestinal shedding of escherichia coli o157 among working donkeys (equus asinus) in nigeria. | escherichia coli are an important group of bacteria in the normal gastrointestinal system but can sometimes cause infections in domestic animals and man. donkeys are routinely used as multipurpose animal but details of burdens of potentially infectious bacteria associated with it are limited. the prevalence and associations between intestinal shedding of e. coli o157 and animal characteristics and management factors were studied among 240 randomly selected working donkeys in north-western nigeri ... | 2015 | 26392892 |
| clinical abnormalities in working donkeys and their associations with behaviour. | working donkeys are at risk of developing multiple, acute and chronic health problems. the ability to recognise and assess pain in donkeys associated with these health problems is important for people responsible for their care and treatment, including owners and veterinary or animal health workers. | 2015 | 26392903 |
| production and preliminary evaluation of trypanosoma evansi hsp70 for antibody detection in equids. | the present immuno-diagnostic method using soluble antigens from whole cell lysate antigen for trypanosomosis have certain inherent problems like lack of standardized and reproducible antigens, as well as ethical issues due to in vivo production, that could be alleviated by in vitro production. in the present study we have identified heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) from t. evansi proteome. the nucleotide sequence of t. evansi hsp70 was 2116 bp, which encodes 690 amino acid residues. the phylogenet ... | 2015 | 26408598 |
| e5 nucleotide polymorphisms suggest quasispecies occurrence in bpv-1 sub-clinically infected horses. | bpv-1 is known as the main causative agent of equine sarcoid, but the virus has also been detected in skin and blood of healthy horses. previous reports demonstrated the presence of e5 variants in sarcoids of donkeys and horses; we investigated whether this genetic variability might be also found in bpv-1, pbmc associated, of sub-clinically infected horses. with this aim, we analyzed the e5 gene of 21 bpv-1 strains from diseased and sub-clinically infected horses. our analyses lead us to demonst ... | 2015 | 26412524 |
| simultaneous determination of naturally occurring estrogens and mycoestrogens in milk by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. | a simple, fast, and reproducible method for the simultaneous determination of natural estrogens and mycoestrogens (resorcylic acid lactones) in milk by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc/esi-ms/ms) is described. the extraction was carried out by solid-phase extraction (spe) using graphitized carbon black as solid sorbent. the use of carbon black allowed us to avoid any type of sample pretreatment, an ... | 2015 | 26416337 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| risk factors for echinococcus coproantigen positivity in dogs from the alay valley, kyrgyzstan. | echinococcosis, caused by the zoonotic cestodes echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) and echinococcus multilocularis, is highly endemic in the central asian republic of kyrgyzstan, and is being identified increasingly as a public health problem, especially amongst pastoral communities. as domestic dogs are considered to be the main source of human infection, the identification of potential transmission pathways is of relevance when considering implementing an echinococcosis control scheme. the c ... | 2015 | 26442706 |
| brazilian donkeys (equus asinus) have a low exposure to neospora spp. | donkeys (equus asinus) are closely related to horses and are known to be infected by several equine pathogens. neospora caninum and neospora hughesi are protozoan parasites that infect horses, but they were not confirmed in donkeys up to this date. the aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of donkeys (equus asinus) to neospora spp. using tachyzoites of n. caninum as antigen and employing two common serologic methods, ifat and immunoblot. sera from 500 donkeys were obtained from 30 munic ... | 2015 | 26444065 |
| incidence of burkholderia mallei infection among indigenous equines in india. | burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders which is a highly contagious and fatal disease of equines. considering the nature and severity of the disease in equines, and potential of transmission to human beings, glanders is recognised as a 'notifiable' disease in many countries. an increasing number of glanders outbreaks throughout the asian continents, including india, have been noticed recently. in view of the recent re-emergence of the disease, the present study was undertaken to ... | 2015 | 26457190 |
| abortion in a mediterranean miniature donkey (equus asinus) associated with a gammaherpesvirus similar to equid herpesvirus 7. | fetal tissues and placenta from a third trimester mediterranean miniature donkey (equus asinus) abortion were submitted to the washington state university, washington animal disease diagnostic laboratory for abortion diagnosis. microscopic examination of formalin-fixed tissues revealed multifocal necrotizing placentitis. several cells within the necrotic foci contained large, eosinophilic, intranuclear inclusions. virus isolation from fresh, frozen placenta identified a cytopathic, syncytia-form ... | 2015 | 26462760 |
| evidence for anthropophily in five species of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from northern colombia, revealed by molecular identification of bloodmeals. | identification of the bloodmeal sources of phlebotomine sand flies is fundamental to determining which species are anthropophilic and understanding the transmission of leishmania parasites in natural epidemiological settings. the objective of this study was to identify sand fly bloodmeals in the mixed leishmaniasis focus of the department of sucre, northern colombia. in all 141 engorged female sand flies were analyzed, after being captured in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliar ... | 2016 | 26464046 |
| surgical management of penile and preputial neoplasms in equine with special reference to partial phallectomy. | penile and preputial neoplasia in horses occurs infrequently and represents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. the present study was carried out on a total number of 21 equids (14 stallions and 7 donkeys) suffered from different penile and preputial neoplasia. diagnosis of neoplasms was based up on history of the case, clinical examination as well as histopathological evaluation. animals with penile and preputial neoplasms were underwent local excision and partial phallectomy with a slightly ... | 2013 | 26464915 |
| molecular characterization and classification of trypanosoma spp. venezuelan isolates based on microsatellite markers and kinetoplast maxicircle genes. | livestock trypanosomoses, caused by three species of the trypanozoon subgenus, trypanosoma brucei brucei, t. evansi and t. equiperdum is widely distributed throughout the world and constitutes an important limitation for the production of animal protein. t. evansi and t. equiperdum are morphologically indistinguishable parasites that evolved from a common ancestor but acquired important biological differences, including host range, mode of transmission, distribution, clinical symptoms and pathog ... | 2015 | 26467019 |
| equids. | alongside domestic horses and donkeys, the horse family, also known as equids, comprises six extant wild species of asses and zebras (figure 1). equids are extremely well represented in the fossil record, comprising a 55 million-year evolutionary history, punctuated by many episodes of innovation, extinction and migration. limited to the single genus equus today, in the miocene (23.0–5.3 million years ago) the equid family flourished, comprising more than twenty genera. the group originated in n ... | 2015 | 26485367 |
| the mirror has two faces: contradictory reflections of donkeys in western literature from lucius to balthazar. | how we represent animals both reflects our attitudes towards them and affects our treatment of them. the donkey has lived alongside humans, bearing their burdens since the time of their domestication over 10,000 years ago. despite this, they have invariably enjoyed a low status in human cultures, received little appreciation and been treated harshly. we view some animals as being more worthy than others and represent them accordingly: donkeys have been ridiculed and derided. literary representat ... | 2010 | 26486214 |
| detection of gelatin adulteration in traditional chinese medicine: analysis of deer-horn glue by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. | simultaneous identification of donkey-hide gelatin and bovine-hide gelatin in deer-horn glue was established by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. water containing 1% nh4hco3 was used for sample dissolution and trypsin was used for hydrolysis of the gelatins. after separation by a sb-c18 reversed-phase analytical column, collagen marker peptides were detected by mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. ... | 2015 | 26504613 |
| field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of trypanosoma vivax in the brazilian semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep. | the brazilian semiarid is the home of the largest herd of donkeys in south america and of outbreaks of trypanosoma vivax infection of high mortality in dairy cattle and sheep. for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these outbreaks and epidemiological role of donkeys, we surveyed for t. vivax in wandering donkeys and follow the experimental infection of donkeys and sheep with a highly virulent isolate from the semiarid. | 2015 | 26510460 |
| artificial suckling in martina franca donkey foals: effect on in vivo performances and carcass composition. | in recent years, there has been an increasing interest on donkey milk production, on its characteristics, and also on breeding techniques. donkey milk is characterized by high economic value, although the productive level of jennies is poor. during the milking process, foals are usually separated from their dams, allowing the milk collection in the mammary gland of jennies before milking session. this takes 8 h per day of fastening period for lactating donkey foals. during this period, it could ... | 2016 | 26510946 |
| characterization of the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the combined glucose-insulin test in donkeys. | glucose-insulin dynamic challenges such as the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivgtt) and combined glucose-insulin test (cgit) have not been described in donkeys. the objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the ivgtt and cgit in healthy adult donkeys, and (2) to establish normal glucose-insulin proxies. sixteen donkeys were used and body morphometric variables obtained each. for the ivgtt, glucose (300 mg/kg) was given iv. for the cgit, glucose (150 mg/kg) followed by recombinant i ... | 2015 | 26515163 |
| residual and ovicidal efficacy of essential oil-based formulations in vitro against the donkey chewing louse bovicola ocellatus. | essential oils have shown good experimental potential as novel veterinary ectoparasiticides. however, if they are to be used as veterinary products, they must be available in formulations that are suitable for practical application against specific ectoparasites. here, the efficacies of formulations containing 5% (v/v) lavender or tea tree oil, in combination with two emulsifiers [a surfactant, 5% (w/v) n-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (sls), and a soluble polymer, 5% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (p ... | 0 | 26522385 |
| ultrastructure of sarcocystis bertrami sarcocysts from a naturally infected donkey (equus asinus) from egypt. | there is considerable confusion concerning sarcocystis species in equids. little is known of sarcocystis infections in donkeys (equus asinus). here we describe the structure of sarcocystis bertrami-like from the donkey by light microscopy (lm) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). nineteen sarcocysts from the tongue of a donkey from egypt were studied both by lm and tem. by lm, all sarcocysts had variably shaped and sized projections on the sarcocyst walls, giving it a thin-walled to thick ... | 2016 | 26522448 |
| characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of dezhou donkey (equus asinus) and evolutionary analysis. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) has been widely used in species identification and genetic diversification. comparisons among mtdnas of closely related species are valuable for phylogenetic studies. however, only the partial mtdna cytb gene and the d-loop sequences were used to analysis the phylogenetic relationship between donkey breeds due to lack of complete mitochondrial genome. dezhou donkey, as a bigger somatotype ass, is one of chinese domestic donkey breeds, and used by many places as breeding ... | 2016 | 26527116 |
| depletion of intracellular thiols and increased production of 4-hydroxynonenal that occur during cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa lead to caspase activation, loss of motility, and cell death. | oxidative stress has been linked to sperm death and the accelerated senescence of cryopreserved spermatozoa. however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. reactive oxygen species (ros) are considered relevant signaling molecules for sperm function, only becoming detrimental when ros homeostasis is lost. we hereby hypothesize that a major component of the alteration of ros homeostasis in cryopreserved spermatozoa is the exhaustion of intrinsic antioxidant defe ... | 2015 | 26536905 |
| comparative characteristics of dna polymorphisms of κ-casein gene (csn3) in the horse and donkey. | the aims of this study were to assess the genetic variability in the exon 1 of the κ-casein gene in four italian horse populations (italian saddle horse, italian trotter, italian heavy draught horse, and murgese horse) and in a sample of martina franca donkey by estimating genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies, as well as several population genetic indices. genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was performed using the pcr-rflp technique with two restriction enzymes: psti and bseyi aimed ... | 2015 | 26600516 |
| association of vectors and environmental conditions during the emergence of peruvian horse sickness orbivirus and yunnan orbivirus in northern peru. | since 1983, cases of diseased donkeys and horses with symptoms similar to those produced by alphaviruses were identified in two departments in northern peru; however serological testing ruled out the presence of those viruses and attempts to isolate an agent were also unproductive. in 1997, also in northern peru, two new orbiviruses were discovered, each recognized as a causative agent of neurological diseases in livestock and domestic animals and, at the same time, mosquitoes were found to be i ... | 2015 | 26611971 |
| repair of lung herniation with titanium prosthetic ribs and prolene mesh. | we present a rare case of intercostal lung herniation due to blunt trauma. a 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with lung herniation due to falling off a donkey. computed tomography demonstrated a fracture of the 8th left rib, a comminuted fracture of the 9th rib, and lung herniation into the 8th intercostal space. the herniation was repaired using a titanium prosthetic rib, a rib plate, and prolene mesh via a thoracotomy. | 2016 | 26612961 |
| arthroscopy of septic carpitis in donkeys (equus asinus). | experimental septic arthritis was induced in the radiocarpal joint of 18 donkeys by intra-articular injection of staphylococcus aureus (3-4x10(6) cfu). the inoculated animals were divided into three groups (6 donkeys in each group). the arthroscopic examination was carried out before induction of septic carpitis and 3 days (group i), 14 days (group ii), and 28 days (group iii) after induction of infection. the arthroscopic examination of group i revealed hyperemia of synovial membrane and hypert ... | 2014 | 26623350 |
| monthly variations of rhinoestrus spp. (diptera: oestridae) larvae infesting donkeys in egypt: morphological and molecular identification of third stage larvae. | this study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and monthly intensity of rhinoestrus (r) spp. among donkeys slaughtered at giza zoo abattoir, egypt. a total of 144 donkeys were examined at postmortem through two visits per month from january 2010 to december 2010. all donkeys were infested with one or more larval stages during all months of the examination period (100%). the 1st and 2nd stage larvae (l1 and l2) were mostly observed in the turbinate bones and seldom in the nasal passages ... | 2015 | 26644940 |
| organ of corti explants direct tonotopically graded morphology of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. | the spiral ganglion is a compelling model system to examine how morphological form contributes to sensory function. while the ganglion is composed mainly of a single class of type i neurons that make simple one-to-one connections with inner hair cell sensory receptors, it has an elaborate overall morphological design. specific features, such as soma size and axon outgrowth, are graded along the spiral contour of the cochlea. to begin to understand the interplay between different regulators of ne ... | 2016 | 26663318 |
| comparison of vertebrate cytochrome b and prepronociceptin for blood meal analyses in culicoides. | to date, studies on host preferences and blood meal identification have been conducted for culicoides species using molecular-based methods such as pcr techniques to amplify only a fragment from universal vertebrate mitochondrial genes such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit i or cytochrome b (cyt b). the vertebrate prepronociceptin gene (pnoc) was also tested in this field. however, the choice of molecular marker to identify blood meal is critical. the objective of our study is to compare the abil ... | 2015 | 26664944 |
| corrigendum: donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution. | 2015 | 26681131 | |
| sero-epidemiology of equine toxoplasmosis using a latex agglutination test in the three metropolises of punjab, pakistan. | toxoplasmosis is a serious threat for livestock in addition to being of zoonotic significance. in this study, serodiagnosis of equine toxoplasmosis was conducted in a randomly selected population from the 3 metropolises of punjab, pakistan. to this end, 272 draught equines were screened using a commercial latex agglutination assay kit. association of probable risk factors of equine toxoplasmosis was also documented. a total of 91 (33.5%) equines were found sero-positive for toxoplama (t.) gondii ... | 2015 | 26691256 |
| spatial distribution, risk factors and haemato-biochemical alterations associated with theileria equi infected equids of punjab (india) diagnosed by indirect elisa and nested pcr. | equine piroplasmosis is a febrile, tick-borne disease of equids predominately caused by obligatory intra-erythrocytic protozoa theileria equi in the indian sub-continent. a cross-sectional study was carried out on 464 equids (426 horses and 38 donkeys/mules) in punjab, india to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis by 18s rrna gene nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) and equine merozoite antigen-2 (ema2) indirect-elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), to investigate risk f ... | 2016 | 26747007 |
| effects of breed, age, season, and multiple ovulations on cyclic, pgf2α-induced, and postpartum estrus characteristics in spanish jennies. | this retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed data for a total of 104 jennies reared in southern spain over the period 1995 to 2014. intervals to ovulation and incidence of multiple ovulation and pregnancy were charted for spontaneous, pgf2α-induced, and postpartum estrous cycles. in spontaneous estrous cycles, the interovulatory interval varied as a function of breed (p < 0.03) and month of ovulation (p < 0.01), and duration of estrus signs was longer in older jennies (0. ... | 2016 | 26747577 |
| anbarnesa: the past tradition, the future medicine. | in the iranian traditional medicine, anbarnesa smoke derived from burning female donkey's dung has long been used for treatment of inflammatory ulcers and infections of the middle and external ear with no significant side effects. the aim of this study was to introduce anbarnesa and discuss its therapeutic effects. | 2015 | 26756020 |
| welfare conditions of donkeys in europe: initial outcomes from on-farm assessment. | this paper is a baseline study to present the initial outcomes of data collected in a sample of eu donkey farms using the awin welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, comprehensive of 22 valid, reliable and feasible animal-based indicators. a total of 20 donkey facilities (n = 12 in italy and n = 8 in united kingdom) were visited and 278 donkeys of different breed, aged 2-45 years, were assessed. three assessors underwent a common training period to learn how to perform and score all the indica ... | 2016 | 26761034 |
| the albinism of the feral asinara white donkeys (equus asinus) is determined by a missense mutation in a highly conserved position of the tyrosinase (tyr) gene deduced protein. | a feral donkey population (equus asinus), living in the asinara national park (an island north-west of sardinia, italy), includes a unique white albino donkey subpopulation or colour morph that is a major attraction of this park. disrupting mutations in the tyrosinase (tyr) gene are known to cause recessive albinisms in humans (oculocutaneous albinism type 1; oca1) and other species. in this study, we analysed the donkey tyr gene as a strong candidate to identify the causative mutation of the al ... | 2016 | 26763160 |
| cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae): molecular and biological evidence of cryptic species within gastric cryptosporidium of mammals. | the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium muris strain ts03 are described, and the species name cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. is proposed. cryptosporidium proliferans obtained from a naturally infected east african mole rat (tachyoryctes splendens) in kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (scid mice and southern multimammate mice, mastomys coucha) and used in experiments to examine oocyst morphology and transmission. dna from the p ... | 2016 | 26771460 |
| optimizing selection of large animals for antibody production by screening immune response to standard vaccines. | antibodies made in large animals are integral to many biomedical research endeavors. domesticated herd animals like goats, sheep, donkeys, horses and camelids all offer distinct advantages in antibody production. however, their cost of use is often prohibitive, especially where poor antigen response is commonplace; choosing a non-responsive animal can set a research program back or even prevent experiments from moving forward entirely. over the course of production of antibodies from llamas, we ... | 2016 | 26775851 |
| molecular detection of theileria spp. in livestock on five caribbean islands. | theileria spp. are tick-transmitted, intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of animals. as there is very limited information on the prevalence of theileria spp. in the caribbean we used the recently described genus-specific pan-theileria fret-qpcr to identify infected animals in the region and a standard 18s rrna gene pcr and sequencing to determine the species involved. we found theileria spp. in 9% of the convenience samples of animals (n = 752) studied from five ... | 2015 | 26783522 |
| hematological and biochemical findings in pregnant, postfoaling, and lactating jennies. | the aims of this study were to (1) verify if significant changes occur in hematological and biochemical parameters in jennies during the last 2 months of pregnancy and the first 2 months of lactation, and (2) determine any differences with mares. hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in jennies every 15 days during late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. the kolmogorov-smirnov test, analysis of variance for repeated measurements and tukey's multiple comparison test as ... | 2016 | 26792379 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus induces apoptosis through the unfolded protein response activation of egr1. | venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) is a previously weaponized arthropod-borne virus responsible for causing acute and fatal encephalitis in animal and human hosts. the increased circulation and spread in the americas of veev and other encephalitic arboviruses, such as eastern equine encephalitis virus and west nile virus, underscore the need for research aimed at characterizing the pathogenesis of viral encephalomyelitis for the development of novel medical countermeasures. the host-pat ... | 2016 | 26792742 |
| first report of echinococcus equinus in a donkey in turkey. | a 2-year-old female donkey (equus asinus) was euthanized in the pathology department of firat university, elazig, turkey. necropsy disclosed the presence of 7 hydatid cysts distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. one of those cysts represented the parasite material of the present study and was molecularly identified through sequencing of a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nadh1) gene, as echinococcus equinus. the ... | 2015 | 26797441 |
| strategies to improve the fertility of fresh and frozen donkey semen. | fertility rates of donkey semen in jennies are lower compared to mares. the aims of this study were to evaluate different sperm cryopreservation methods and insemination strategies to improve the fertility of donkey semen in jennies. three experiments were performed: (1) the comparison of two freezing methods of donkey semen (conventional method and automated method); (2) the determination of a suitable insemination dose of fresh donkey semen for jennies and mares; and (3) the influence of the s ... | 2016 | 26806444 |
| plasma disposition, milk excretion and parasitological efficacy of mebendazole in donkeys naturally infected by cyathostominae. | mebendazole (mbz) has been licensed for use in horses and donkeys, however there are no data available in the literature regarding its pharmacokinetic disposition and efficacy in donkeys. this study was designed to determine the plasma disposition, milk excretion and anthelmintic efficacy of mbz in donkeys naturally infected by cyathostominae. the animals were allocated to three groups, each of six donkeys. one group was untreated control (c-group) and the others were treated using a paste formu ... | 2016 | 26827868 |
| influence of season on daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the northern guinea savanna zone of nigeria. | the present experiment was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of season on behavioral activities of donkeys during the rainy and harmattan seasons in the northern guinea zone of nigeria. sixteen apparently healthy donkeys were used as subjects and divided into four groups based on age. during each season, behavioral activities of each donkey were evaluated for three weeks using the focal animal sampling technique. the dry-bulb temperature (dbt), relative humidity (rh), and temper ... | 2015 | 26858575 |
| detection of vaccinia virus during an outbreak of exanthemous oral lesions in brazilian equids. | in august 2014, an outbreak of oral exanthematous disease in equids was reported in brazil, affecting 11 donkeys and 3 mules. | 2017 | 26875684 |
| is leptospira able to survive in raw milk? study on the inactivation at different storage times and temperatures. | the consumption of raw milk is currently increasing due to several beneficial aspects, such as nutritional qualities, taste, and health benefits. however, some authors highlight the potential risk associated with raw milk consumption. in italy, while the absence of some pathogen microorganisms is set by the regional regulation dgr 381/2007, for other microorganisms, such as leptospira, no recommendations are provided. leptospira is not ascribed among classical milk pathogens; however, it can pot ... | 2016 | 26888018 |
| flagellar antigen based ci-elisa for sero-surveillance of surra. | trypanosoma evansi causes a disease known as 'surra' in wide range of domesticated and wild animals including cattle, buffaloes, horses, camels etc. the disease is transmitted through the bites of haematophagous tabanid flies and is characterized by undulating fever, chronic progressive weakness, and hypoglycemia leading to low productivity in animals. in the present study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been produced (igg3 sub-type) against purified flagellar (fla) protein of t. evansi and i ... | 2016 | 26921034 |
| bevacizumab clearance through the iridocorneal angle following intravitreal injection in a rat model. | antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-vegf) agents have been widely used for a variety of ocular disorders. the etiology of sustained ocular hypertension following intravitreal administration of anti-vegf agents is yet to be unraveled. our study investigates and characterizes the presence of intravitreally injected bevacizumab in the aqueous outflow channels of a rat model. choroidal neovascularization (cnv) was induced by diode laser photocoagulation to the right eye of twelve brown norw ... | 2016 | 26923799 |
| establishment of conditions for ovum pick up and ivm of jennies oocytes toward the setting up of efficient ivf and in vitro embryos culture procedures in donkey (equus asinus). | most wild and domestic donkey breeds are currently endangered or threatened. their preservation includes the creation of a genome resource bank. embryos cryopreservation allows the preservation of genetics from both male and female and is the fastest method to restore a breed. because embryo production in vivo is limited in equids, our objective was to establish conditions for in vitro production of embryos in donkey using ovum pick up (opu), ivm, ivf, and in vitro culture of zygotes. donkey cum ... | 2016 | 26944538 |
| testicular characteristics and the block to spermatogenesis in mature hinny. | most hinnies (female donkey×male horse) and mules (female horse×male donkey) are sterile with few reports of equine fertile hybrids. the main cause of this sterility is thought to be a meiotic block to spermatogenesis and oogenesis. this study compared the developmental features of the testes and a histological analyses of spermatogenesis in a male hinny with those of a normal, fertile stallion and jack donkey. hinny testes showed a thicker tunica albuginea, fewer blood vessels and more connecti ... | 2016 | 26954128 |
| evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. | for the last few years, researchers have been interested in developing a method for chemical sterilization which may be a better alternative to surgical castration. an ideal chemical sterilant would be one that effectively arrests spermatogenesis and androgenesis as well as libido with absence of toxic or other side effects. calcium chloride in various solutions and concentrations has been tested in many animal species, but few studies have been evaluated it in equines as a chemical sterilant. s ... | 2016 | 26956100 |
| prevalence of antibodies against neospora spp. and sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern brazil. | sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi are coccidian protozoa that can cause neurological illness in horses in america. in this study we report seroprevalence of neospora spp. ands. neurona in sera of 333 donkeys from the northeastern region of brazil. antibodies to neospora spp. were detected in 2% (7 donkeys) of 333 sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) with a cut-off dilution of 1:40. antibodies to s. neurona were found in 3% (10 donkeys) of the samples tested by ifat ... | 2016 | 26982557 |
| spicy adjectives and nominal donkeys: capturing semantic deviance using compositionality in distributional spaces. | sophisticated senator and legislative onion. whether or not you have ever heard of these things, we all have some intuition that one of them makes much less sense than the other. in this paper, we introduce a large dataset of human judgments about novel adjective-noun phrases. we use these data to test an approach to semantic deviance based on phrase representations derived with compositional distributional semantic methods, that is, methods that derive word meanings from contextual information, ... | 2017 | 26991668 |
| shelf life of donkey milk subjected to different treatment and storage conditions. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment conditions on microbiological indicators of donkey milk hygiene and their evolution during shelf life at 4 and 12°c from 3 to 30d, simulating a farm-scale pasteurization and packing system. four treatment conditions were tested: no treatment (raw milk), pasteurization (65°c × 30 min), high-pressure processing (hpp), and pasteurization plus hpp. the microbiological quality of the raw donkey milk investigated was not optim ... | 2016 | 26995124 |
| serological survey of west nile virus in domestic animals from northwest senegal. | in africa, infection with west nile virus (wnv) is frequent but almost always asymptomatic in humans and equids. the aim of this study was to identify whether any other domestic animal living in the same enzootic locality may be the sentinel of wnv circulation. in northwest senegal, blood samples were collected from 283 adult domestic animals (136 sheep, 64 horses, 29 donkeys, 29 goats, 14 cattle, and 11 dogs), in three localities near keur momar sarr. each serum was tested for wnv immunoglobuli ... | 2016 | 27002305 |
| erratum to: evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. | 2016 | 27008064 | |
| sequence characterization and glycosylation sites identification of donkey milk lactoferrin by multiple enzyme digestions and mass spectrometry. | lactoferrin, a protein showing an array of biochemical properties, including immuno-modulation, iron-binding ability, as well as antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities, but which may also represent a potential milk allergen, was isolated from donkey milk by ion exchange chromatography. the characterization of its primary structure, by means of enzymatic digestions, spitc derivatization of tryptic digest, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray and matrix- ... | 2016 | 27020775 |
| hygienic characteristics and microbiological hazard identification in horse and donkey raw milk. | today the interest toward horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) milk for human consumption is receiving a renewed attention because of its particular composition, hypoallergenicity, and nutraceutical properties. the realistic perspective of global use of this aliment in balanced diets, especially for infancy and geriatrics, poses the need for a more in depth knowledge on milk hygiene and on the health status of dairy animals, as a prerequisite of consumers' safety. the aim of this pap ... | 2017 | 27033528 |
| assessment of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in equine populations in egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by theileria equi, babesia caballi, or both, contributes to significant economic loss in the equine industry and remains uncontrolled in egypt. this study focuses on surveying t. equi and b. caballi infections and hematological disorders in equine populations in egypt. | 2016 | 27146413 |
| both tumour cells and infiltrating t-cells in equine sarcoids express foxp3 associated with an immune-supressed cytokine microenvironment. | bovine papillomavirus (bpv) infections of equine species have a central role in the aetiology of equine sarcoids; a common benign skin tumour of horses, zebras and donkeys. within the lesions, all of the early papillomavirus genes are expressed and promote the excessive replication of fibroblasts which characterise these tumours. equine sarcoids differ from bpv induced fibro-papillomas of cattle (the natural host of bpv), in that they do not produce high amounts of virus particles, do not usuall ... | 2016 | 27160146 |
| molecular detection of equine piroplasms in donkeys (equus asinus) in north khorasan province, iran. | equine piroplasmosis is a tickborne disease of equids with worldwide distribution, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. the aim of this study was molecular detection of t. equi and b. caballi in donkeys in northeastern iran and investigate the association between positivity of piroplasm infection and host-related factors. in the present study, blood samples were collected from 106 apparently healthy donkeys (equus asinus) in north khorasan province, iran. blood smears were prepared and ... | 2015 | 27175176 |
| equine herpes virus type 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4) infections in horses and donkeys in northeastern turkey. | the herpesviruses infections in equides are caused by five different serotypes of viruses, belonging to family herpesviridae. the goal of this study was to conduct a seroepidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) in horses and donkeys raised in two provinces and their villages in northeastern turkey. a total of 666 samples from 423 horses and 243 donkeys that were not immunized against these infections were tested with elisa. while 52.48% of tested hors ... | 2015 | 27175200 |
| the effects of low voltage electrical stimulation on donkey meat. | 2016 | 27192665 | |
| the role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, a parasitic disease caused by besnoitia besnoiti, has been reported mainly in beef cattle raised under extensive pastoral systems and is considered to be re-emerging in western europe. horizontal transmission probably occurs either by means of blood sucking arthropods or as a consequence of direct contact between infected and non-infected cattle. however, the role that wild ruminants (e.g., red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus)) may play in the parasit ... | 2016 | 27198769 |
| effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, musca domestica l. | insects rely mainly on their well-developed and highly sophisticated olfactory system to discriminate volatile cues released from host and nonhost substances, mates, oviposition substrates, and food sources. onset of first mating, mating duration, and onset of first oviposition, oviposition period, fecundity (number of eggs laid by a female), and longevity of freshly emerged musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) adults were observed in the presence of different animal manures: cow, horse, donke ... | 2016 | 27206657 |
| free maillard reaction products in milk reflect nutritional intake of glycated proteins and can be used to distinguish "organic" and "conventionally" produced milk. | using lc-ms/ms and isotopically labeled standard substances, quantitation of free maillard reaction products (mrps), namely, n(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (cml), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1h-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (pyrraline, pyr), n(δ)-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (mg-h), and n(ε)-fructosyllysine (fl), in bovine milk was achieved. considerable variations in the amounts of the individual mrps were found, most likely as a consequence of the nutritional uptake of glycated proteins. when com ... | 2016 | 27213835 |
| common occurrence of cryptosporidium hominis in horses and donkeys. | extensive genetic variation is observed within the genus cryptosporidium and the distribution of cryptosporidium species/genotypes in humans and animals appears to vary by geography and host species. to better understand the genetic diversity of cryptosporidium spp. in horses and donkeys, we characterized five horse-derived and 82 donkey-derived cryptosporidium isolates from five provinces or autonomous regions (sichuan, gansu, henan, inner mongolia and shandong) in china at the species/genotype ... | 2016 | 27264727 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (equus asinus) in brazil. | our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects pcr of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (equus asinus) from brazil. during a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. on cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cav ... | 2016 | 27271986 |
| glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses. | glanders is the contagious zoonotic disease caused by infection with burkholderia mallei. it affects primarily horses, donkeys and mules. the disease was eradicated from large areas of the western world in the early 20th century, but, over the last 10-20 years, has emerged and re-emerged in areas in which it was previously unknown or had been eradicated. although glanders was previously thought to manifest in only acute or chronic presentations, it now appears that b. mallei can produce latent i ... | 2016 | 27288893 |
| a survey of seasonal gastrointestinal parasitic infections in donkeys from a semiarid sub-saharan region, sudan. | out of 92 donkeys examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 90 animals were found infected by one or more gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence rate of 97.78%. the distributions of the recovered parasites in the different parts of the body were as follows: stomach, 92.4%, small intestine, 19.6%, caecum, 88%, colon, 80.4%, rectum, 73.9%, and cranial mesenteric artery, 64.1%. a significant difference was found between mean parasite counts and seasons. hot wet season had higher mean ... | 2016 | 27298739 |
| a rare case of gastric myiasis in a lion caused by gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae)-case report. | myiasis is the infection caused by a variety of dipterous (fly) larvae in vertebrate's tissue (man and domestic or wild animals). species of gasterophilus are obligate parasite of horses, donkeys, zebras, elephants and rhinoceroses. there are records worldwide, but mostly, in tropical and subtropical regions. this case report describes a type of gastric myiasis caused by g. intestinalis in an old lion in a zoo in sistan, southeast iran. myiasis in lions is rarely reported and this is the first r ... | 2016 | 27308300 |
| sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia after sublingual administration of detomidine hydrochloride gel to donkeys. | objective to compare sedative and mechanical hypoalgesic effects of sublingual administration of 2 doses of detomidine gel to donkeys. design randomized blinded controlled trial. animals 6 healthy castrated male donkeys. procedures in a crossover study design, donkeys received each of the following sublingual treatments 1 week apart in a randomly assigned order: 1 ml of molasses (d0) or detomidine hydrochloride gel at 20 μg/kg (9 μg/lb; d20) or 40 μg/kg (18 μg/lb; d40). sedation score (ss), head ... | 2016 | 27308886 |
| total phallic reconstruction using the radial artery based forearm free flap after traumatic penile amputation. | although genital injuries in civilian centers are rare, the scenario is completely different in the battlefield. if the penile distal stump is not adequate for primary reimplantation or it cannot be found, then delayed penile reconstruction needs to be considered. | 2016 | 27318022 |
| purification and identification of endogenous antioxidant and ace-inhibitory peptides from donkey milk by multidimensional liquid chromatography and nanohplc-high resolution mass spectrometry. | donkey milk is a valuable product for the food industry due to its nutraceutical, nutritional, and functional properties. in this work, the endogenous peptides from donkey milk were investigated for their antioxidant and ace-inhibitory activities, combining a two-dimensional peptide fractionation strategy with high-resolution mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis, and in vitro assays. after extraction, the endogenous peptides were fractionated twice, first by polymeric reversed phase and th ... | 2016 | 27325462 |
| integumentary disorders including cutaneous neoplasia in older horses. | few skin diseases specifically or exclusively affect older horses and donkeys. hypertrichosis (hirsutism) associated with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is probably the most recognized and best understood exception and is the most common age-related skin condition in equids. many other conditions are known to be more serious in older horses. horses affected with immune-compromising conditions can be more severely affected by infectious diseases of the skin or heavy and pathologically sign ... | 2016 | 27329491 |
| risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus) in northeastern nigeria. | aim. this survey study was conducted from april 2014 through march 2015 in bauchi, yobe, and gombe states, northeastern nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus). materials and methods. a total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminth ... | 2016 | 27366344 |
| double-stranded-rna-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (adar1) is proposed to contribute to the adaptation of equine infectious anemia virus from horses to donkeys. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) is a member of the genus lentivirus of the family retroviridae. horses are the most susceptible equids to eiav infection and are therefore the primary hosts of this virus. in contrast, infected donkeys do not develop clinically active equine infectious anemia (eia). this phenomenon is similar to what has been observed with hiv-1, which fails to induce aids in non-human primates. interestingly, shen et al. developed a donkey-tropic pathogenic virus strain (ei ... | 2016 | 27383210 |
| high polymorphism at microsatellite loci in the chinese donkey. | to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between chinese donkey breeds, 415 individuals representing ten breeds were investigated using ten microsatellite markers. the observed number of alleles, mean effective number of alleles (ne), mean expected heterozygosity (he), and polymorphic information content (pic) of each breed and polymorphic locus were analyzed. the results showed that seven (htg7, htg10, aht4, htg6, hms6, hms3, and hms7) of ten microsatellite loci were polym ... | 2016 | 27420967 |
| livestock rabies outbreaks in shanxi province, china. | dogs play an important role in rabies transmission throughout the world. in addition to the severe human rabies situation in china, spillover of rabies virus from dogs in recent years has caused rabies outbreaks in sheep, cattle and pigs, showing that there is an increasing threat to other domestic animals. two livestock rabies outbreaks were caused by dogs in shanxi province, china from april to october in 2015, resulting in the deaths of 60 sheep, 10 cattle and one donkey. brain samples from o ... | 2016 | 27422397 |
| melatonin receptors mt1 and mt2 are expressed in spermatozoa from several seasonal and nonseasonal breeder species. | melatonin is a ubiquitous and multipurpose molecule, and one of its roles is to regulate reproduction in some seasonal mammals. our group has previously reported the variation in the melatonin levels in ram seminal plasma along the year and identified mt1 and mt2 receptors in ram spermatozoa. the objective of this study was to elucidate whether the presence of melatonin receptors (mt1 and mt2) in the sperm plasma membrane, and melatonin in the seminal plasma is related to seasonal breeding. for ... | 2016 | 27448693 |
| dermatophytosis in donkeys (equus asinus) due to microsporum racemosum, an unusual geophilic agent. | reports about ringworm in donkeys are scanty and refer to zoonotic agents such as trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton verrucosum. seventeen asino amiatina donkeys semi-extensively farmed in paddocks showed alopecic nummular, scaling areas mainly on head and neck. microsporum racemosum cultivated from the lesions was identified by morphology and pcr. affected animals healed spontaneously. the present record reports for the first time the occurrence of ringworm due to m. racemosum in natu ... | 2016 | 27453813 |
| donkey milk-based formula: a substitute for patients with cow's milk protein allergy. | cow's milk protein allergy affects 2-7% of children using cow's milk formulae. fifty to eighty percent of them develop allergy to other food items and substitutes. on the search for a safe and affordable substitute, we reviewed the composition of milks of the domestic mammals in close contact with man. milk constituents studied included fat, protein, lactose, minerals, water, ph, specific gravity and caloric value. compared to others, donkey milk was found to be closest to breast milk when the a ... | 2011 | 27493315 |
| validation of the accutrend plus point-of-care triglyceride analyzer in horses, ponies, and donkeys. | to assess the accuracy and reliability of a point-of-care (poc) triglyceride analyzer and to establish reference intervals for blood ([trig]poc/wb ) and plasma triglyceride concentrations ([trig]poc/pl ) in horses, ponies, and donkeys. | 2016 | 27508527 |
| assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations. | the donkey sanctuary (ds) owns 3500-4000 donkeys, estimated to be about 35 per cent of the uk population. although postmortem surveys suggest a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys, there is sparse clinical information about cardiovascular examination findings and echocardiographic findings in health and disease. in this cross-sectional study, auscultation findings were recorded, and in a subset of donkeys, echocardiography was used to screen for structural and functional cardiac ... | 2016 | 27534982 |
| echocardiographic reference ranges for sedentary donkeys in the uk. | the aim of this study was to provide two-dimensional (2d) and m-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of the uk population of donkeys including geriatrics (>30 years), owned by the donkey sanctuary, and to assess the influence of gender, weight and age on these variables. a total of 36 donkeys with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular disease were examined; 24 geldings and 12 females, aged 3-45 years old, weighing 130-262 kg. left atrial to aortic ratio was ... | 2016 | 27539939 |
| site-specific glycosylation of donkey milk lactoferrin investigated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. | a comprehensive monosaccharide composition of the n-glycans of donkey milk lactoferrin, isolated by ion exchange chromatography from an individual milk sample, was obtained by means of chymotryptic digestion, tio2 and hilic enrichment, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray mass spectrometry, and high collision dissociation fragmentation. the results obtained allowed identifying 26 different glycan structures, including high mannose, complex and hybrid n-glycans, lin ... | 2016 | 27550041 |
| erythrocyte glutathione transferase: a general probe for chemical contaminations in mammals. | glutathione transferases (gsts) are enzymes devoted to the protection of cells against many different toxins. in erythrocytes, the isoenzyme (e-gst) mainly present is gstp1-1, which is overexpressed in humans in case of increased blood toxicity, as it occurs in nephrophatic patients or in healthy subjects living in polluted areas. the present study explores the possibility that e-gst may be used as an innovative and highly sensitive biomarker of blood toxicity also for other mammals. all distinc ... | 2016 | 27551520 |
| correction: sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia after sublingual administration of detomidine hydrochloride gel to donkeys. | 2016 | 27556264 | |
| owner reported diseases of working equids in central ethiopia. | working horses, donkeys and mules suffer from numerous diseases and clinical problems. however, there is little information on what owners perceive as important health concerns in their working animals. | 2017 | 27565130 |
| old age may influence features of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (ppfe): lessons from a donkey model for ppfe. | 2016 | 27566389 | |
| author׳s reply: old age may influence features of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (ppfe): lessons from a donkey model for ppfe. | 2016 | 27566390 | |
| transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation of combined utero-placental thickness during the last half of pregnancy in martina franca donkeys. | in the recent years, the donkey population decreased dramatically so that many breeds are presently considered as endangered. in comparison to the horse, the donkey placenta still remains not completely studied. in the horse, one of the diagnostic tools useful to identify pregnant mares at risk of abortion or premature delivery, include the transrectal ultrasound examination of the uterus and its contents; and especially of the combined thickness of the uterus and of the placenta (cupt). since t ... | 2016 | 27566849 |
| reproductive characteristics of foal heat in female donkeys. | in this study, the first postpartum heat, termed the foal heat, characteristics and performance in female donkey (jenny) of martina franca are described. to this end, the follicular development of 42 jennies during foal heat was compared with that of 31 jennies at the third estrus after foaling. estrus length (7.1±0.9 and 6.8±0.7 days), follicular development and preovulatory follicle size (43.7±3.5 and 45.1±2.5 mm) were similar between jennies during the foal heat and during the third estrus af ... | 2017 | 27571706 |
| amino acid mutations in the env gp90 protein that modify n-linked glycosylation of the chinese eiav vaccine strain enhance resistance to neutralizing antibodies. | the chinese eiav vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine obtained by serial passage of a virulent horse isolate (eiavl) in donkeys (eiavd) and, subsequently, in donkey cells in vitro. in this study, we compare the env gene of the original horse virulent virus (eiavl) with attenuated strains serially passaged in donkey mdm (eiavdlv) and donkey dermal cells (eiavfddv). genetic comparisons among parental and attenuated strains found that vaccine strains contained amino acid substitutions/deleti ... | 2016 | 27572122 |
| equine cyathostominae can develop to infective third-stage larvae on straw bedding. | domesticated grazing animals including horses and donkeys are frequently housed using deep litter bedding systems, where it is commonly presumed that there is no risk of infection from the nematodes that are associated with grazing at pasture. we use two different approaches to test whether equids could become infected with cyathostomines from the ingestion of deep litter straw bedding. | 2016 | 27581072 |