Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| lion trophy hunting in west africa: a response to bouché et al. | 2017 | 28323837 | |
| isotopic niche partitioning between two apex predators over time. | 1.stable isotope analyses have become an important tool in reconstructing diets, analyzing resource use patterns, elucidating trophic relations among predators and understanding the structure of food webs. 2.here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen to reconstruct and compare the isotopic niches of adult south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis; n = 86) and sea lions (otaria flavescens; n = 49) -two otariid species with marked morphological differences- in ... | 2017 | 28326539 |
| surgical treatment of 4-10 cm renal-cell carcinoma: a survey of the lions and gazelles. | the decision between partial nephrectomy (pn) and radical nephrectomy (rn) may be influenced by training, practice type, or location. we sought to evaluate current opinions about the optimal management of 4-10 cm renal-cell carcinoma (rcc). | 2017 | 28326796 |
| design of the lifestyle interventions for severe mentally ill outpatients in the netherlands (lion) trial; a cluster randomised controlled study of a multidimensional web tool intervention to improve cardiometabolic health in patients with severe mental illness. | the cardiometabolic health of persons with a severe mental illness (smi) is alarming with obesity rates of 45-55% and diabetes type 2 rates of 10-15%. unhealthy lifestyle behaviours play a large role in this. despite the multidisciplinary guideline for smi patients recommending to monitor and address patients' lifestyle, most mental health care professionals have limited lifestyle-related knowledge and skills, and (lifestyle) treatment protocols are lacking. evidence-based practical lifestyle to ... | 2017 | 28327086 |
| evaluation of bam (butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine) in captive african lion (panthera leo) immobilization. | the combination of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (bam) with subsequent antagonism by naltrexone-yohimbine or naltrexone-atipamezole was evaluated for reversible immobilization of captive african lions (panthea leo). | 2017 | 28330727 |
| low leopard populations in protected areas of maputaland: a consequence of poaching, habitat condition, abundance of prey, and a top predator. | identifying the primary causes affecting population densities and distribution of flagship species are necessary in developing sustainable management strategies for large carnivore conservation. we modeled drivers of spatial density of the common leopard (panthera pardus) using a spatially explicit capture-recapture-bayesian approach to understand their population dynamics in the maputaland conservation unit, south africa. we camera-trapped leopards in four protected areas (pas) of varying sizes ... | 2017 | 28331603 |
| big cats as a model system for the study of the evolution of intelligence. | currently, carnivores, and felids in particular, are vastly underrepresented in cognitive literature, despite being an ideal model system for tests of social and ecological intelligence hypotheses. within felidae, big cats (panthera) are uniquely suited to studies investigating the evolutionary links between social, ecological, and cognitive complexity. intelligence likely did not evolve in a unitary way but instead evolved as the result of mutually reinforcing feedback loops within the physical ... | 2017 | 28336301 |
| the normal variants in the left bundle branch system. | this article reviewed the main anatomic and physiopathological aspects of the left bundle branch from its origin in the his bundle and its intraventricular distribution on the left endocardial surface. the results are based on the relevant literature and on personal observations executed on 206 hearts distributed as follows: 67 dogs, 60 humans, 45 sheep, 22 pigs, 10 cows, 2 monkeys, 1 guanaco, and 1 sea lion. the main anatomical features of the his-purkinje conducting system may be summarized as ... | 2017 | 28341304 |
| surgical treatment of early ovarian cancer with compartmental resection of regional lymphatic network and indocyanine-green-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (tcl, paraaortic part). | whether pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is of therapeutic benefit in advanced ovarian cancer will remain unclear until the publication of the arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (ago lion) trial. in early ovarian cancer, however, lymphadenectomy seems mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic reasons. | 2017 | 28382801 |
| trial timing and pattern-information analyses of fmri data. | pattern-information approaches to fmri data analysis are becoming increasingly popular but few studies to date have investigated experimental design optimization for these analyses. here, we tested several designs that varied in the number of trials and trial timing within fixed duration scans while participants encoded images of animals and tools. trial timing conditions with fixed onset-to-onset timing ranged from slow 12-s trials with two repetitions of each item to quick 6-s trials with four ... | 2017 | 28411155 |
| heart rate regulation in diving sea lions: the vagus nerve rules. | recent publications have emphasized the potential generation of morbid cardiac arrhythmias secondary to autonomic conflict in diving marine mammals. such conflict, as typified by cardiovascular responses to cold water immersion in humans, has been proposed to result from exercise-related activation of cardiac sympathetic fibers to increase heart rate, combined with depth-related changes in parasympathetic tone to decrease heart rate. after reviewing the marine mammal literature and evaluating he ... | 2017 | 28424310 |
| dietary behaviour of man-eating lions as revealed by dental microwear textures. | lions (panthera leo) feed on diverse prey species, a range that is broadened by their cooperative hunting. although humans are not typical prey, habitual man-eating by lions is well documented. fathoming the motivations of the tsavo and mfuwe man-eaters (killed in 1898 in kenya and 1991 in zambia, respectively) may be elusive, but we can clarify aspects of their behaviour using dental microwear texture analysis. specifically, we analysed the surface textures of lion teeth to assess whether these ... | 2017 | 28424462 |
| experimental demonstration of a trophic cascade in the galápagos rocky subtidal: effects of consumer identity and behavior. | in diverse tropical webs, trophic cascades are presumed to be rare, as species interactions may dampen top-down control and reduce their prevalence. to test this hypothesis, we used an open experimental design in the galápagos rocky subtidal that enabled a diverse guild of fish species, in the presence of each other and top predators (sea lions and sharks), to attack two species of sea urchins grazing on benthic algae. time-lapse photography of experiments on natural and experimental substrates ... | 2017 | 28430794 |
| relaxed open mouth reciprocity favours playful contacts in south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). | fine-tuning communication is well documented in mammalian social play which relies on a large variety of specific and non-specific signals. facial expressions are one of the most frequent patterns in play communication. the reciprocity of facial signals expressed by the players provides information on their reciprocal attentional state and on the correct perception/decoding of the signal itself. here, for the first time, we explored the relaxed open mouth (rom), a widespread playful facial expre ... | 2017 | 28433401 |
| real-time teleophthalmology video consultation: an analysis of patient satisfaction in rural western australia. | teleophthalmology, particularly real-time video consultation, holds great potential in australia and similar countries worldwide, where geography, population and medical workforce distribution make it difficult to provide specialist eye services outside of major cities. assessment and referrals from rural optometrists are vital to the success of teleophthalmology. while there is good evidence for the efficacy of such services, there is limited evidence for patient satisfaction with video consult ... | 2017 | 28436157 |
| udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) 2b subfamily interspecies differences in carnivores. | udp-glucuronosyltransferases (ugts) are among the most important xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that conjugate a wide range of chemicals. previous studies showed that felidae and pinnipedia species have very low ugt activities toward some phenolic compounds because of the ugt1a6 pseudogene and small numbers of ugt1a isozymes. in addition to the ugt1as, ugt2bs isozymes also conjugate various endogenous (e.g., estrogens, androgens, and bile acids) and exogenous compounds (opioids, nsaids, and env ... | 2017 | 28453659 |
| fluctuations of macrobenthic populations: a link between climate-driven river run-off and sole fishery yields in the gulf of lions. | the rhone river is the most important input to the mediterranean sea, responsible for 50% of the primary productivity of the gulf of lions. a highly variable amount of 1-23×10(6) t year(-1) of terrestrial material is exported to the sea by the rhone and stocked on the continental shelf for the most part. soft-bottom communities off the rhone delta were dominated by polychaetes both in species richness and abundance, and exhibited strong temporal fluctuations mainly related to flooding events. fl ... | 2002 | 28466212 |
| the relationship between direct predation and antipredator responses: a test with multiple predators and multiple prey. | most species adjust their behavior to reduce the likelihood of predation. many experiments have shown that antipredator responses carry energetic costs that can affect growth, survival, and reproduction, so that the total cost of predation depends on a trade-off between direct predation and risk effects. despite these patterns, few field studies have examined the relationship between direct predation and the strength of antipredator responses, particularly for complete guilds of predators and pr ... | 2017 | 28475209 |
| classification of stable solutions for non-homogeneous higher-order elliptic pdes. | under some assumptions on the nonlinearity f, we will study the nonexistence of nontrivial stable solutions or solutions which are stable outside a compact set of [formula: see text] for the following semilinear higher-order problem: [formula: see text] with [formula: see text]. the main methods used are the integral estimates and the pohozaev identity. many classes of nonlinearity will be considered; even the sign-changing nonlinearity, which has an adequate subcritical growth at zero as for ex ... | 2017 | 28479831 |
| hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae in california sea lions ( zalophus californianus): pathologic findings in natural infections. | tissues of stranded california sea lions ( zalophus californianus) naturally infected with a hyperviruluent strain of klebsiella pneumoniae were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry against the k. pneumoniae k2 capsular antigen. in 7 of 8 animals, there was severe purulent bronchopneumonia, sometimes complicated by fibrinonecrotizing pleuritis with pyothorax. in affected areas of lung, large numbers of degenerate neutrophils and macrophages were admixed with rare large extracellul ... | 2017 | 28494709 |
| recovery of supraspinal control of leg movement in a chronic complete flaccid paraplegic man after continuous low-frequency pelvic nerve stimulation and fes-assisted training. | more than 30 years ago, functional electrical stimulation (fes) was developed as an orthotic system to be used for rehabilitation for sci patients. in the present case report, fes-assisted training was combined with continuous low-frequency stimulation of the pelvic somatic nerves in a sci patient. | 2017 | 28503316 |
| the animacy advantage for free-recall performance is not attributable to greater mental arousal. | people often demonstrate better memory for animate concepts (e.g., lion and sailor) than for inanimate concepts (e.g., hammer and mountain). researchers have attributed this effect to an adaptive memory mechanism that favours information relevant for survival, including information about living things. in the present experiment, we examined the hypothesis that people demonstrate better free-recall performance for animate than inanimate words because animate words tend to be associated with great ... | 2017 | 28504562 |
| osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains. | the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ... | 2017 | 28542897 |
| a paternal role for bulls of the galapagos islands sea lion. | 1972 | 28555740 | |
| galapagos sea lions are paternal. | 1974 | 28564839 | |
| a paternal role in galapagos sea lions? | 1974 | 28564845 | |
| geographic variation in life-history traits of the ant lion, myrmeleon immaculatus: evolutionary implications of bergmann's rule. | in eastern north america, body size of the larval ant lion myrmeleon immaculatus increases from south to north, following bergmann's rule. we used a common-garden experiment and a reciprocal-transplant experiment to evaluate the effects of food and temperature on ant lion growth, body size, and survivorship. in the laboratory common-garden experiment, first-instar larvae from two southern (georgia, south carolina) and two northern (connecticut, rhode island) populations were reared in incubators ... | 1999 | 28565522 |
| a model of kin-structured migration. | when individuals disperse from one local group to another, they often do so in the company of relatives. this is known as "kin-structured migration," and its effect on genetic population structure is investigated here. it is shown that when migration is kin-structured, the ratio of between- to within-group variance is increased by a quantity that can be estimated either from behavioral or genetic data. theoretical results indicate that kin-structured migration should be most important in populat ... | 1987 | 28568754 |
| social associations between california sea lions influence the use of a novel foraging ground. | social relationships define an individual's position in its social network, which can influence the acquisition and spread of information and behavioural variants through the population. thus, when nuisance behaviours spread through wildlife populations, identifying central individuals may provide valuable insights for problem-species management. we studied the effects of network position on california sea lion (zalophus californianus) discovery and foraging success at a novel foraging ground-th ... | 2017 | 28572986 |
| [growth factor concentration in keratocyte supernatant after incubation with human serum in vitro]. | purpose application of serum eye drops is an alternative treatment option for therapy-resistant corneal epithelial defects. in case of persisting epithelial defects, cytokines, which are secreted from stromal keratocytes, may play a role in epithelial wound healing. our aim was to analyze fibroblast growth factor basic (fgfb), hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) and transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1) concentration in the supernatant of keratocytes, after incubati ... | 2017 | 28575912 |
| synoptic sampling and principal components analysis to identify sources of water and metals to an acid mine drainage stream. | combining the synoptic mass balance approach with principal components analysis (pca) can be an effective method for discretising the chemistry of inflows and source areas in watersheds where contamination is diffuse in nature and/or complicated by groundwater interactions. this paper presents a field-scale study in which synoptic sampling and pca are employed in a mineralized watershed (lion creek, colorado, usa) under low flow conditions to (i) quantify the impacts of mining activity on stream ... | 2017 | 28589273 |
| natal and breeding philopatry of female steller sea lions in southeastern alaska. | information on drivers of dispersal is critical for wildlife conservation but is rare for long-lived marine mammal species with large geographic ranges. we fit multi-state mark-recapture models to resighting data of 369 known-aged steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) females marked as pups on their natal rookeries in southeastern alaska from 1994-2005 and monitored from 2001-15. we estimated probabilities of females being first observed parous at their natal site (natal philopatry), and of not ... | 2017 | 28591130 |
| habitat use and spatial fidelity of male south american sea lions during the nonbreeding period. | conditions experienced during the nonbreeding period have profound long-term effects on individual fitness and survival. therefore, knowledge of habitat use during the nonbreeding period can provide insights into processes that regulate populations. at the falkland islands, the habitat use of south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) during the nonbreeding period is of particular interest because the population is yet to recover from a catastrophic decline between the mid-1930s and 1965, and ... | 2017 | 28616194 |
| sentinel california sea lions provide insight into legacy organochlorine exposure trends and their association with cancer and infectious disease. | organochlorine contaminants (ocs), like polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts), are widespread marine pollutants resulting from massive historical use and environmental persistence. exposure to and health effects of these ocs in the marine environment may be examined by studying california sea lions (zalophus californianus), which are long lived, apex predators capable of accumulating ocs. | 2015 | 28616463 |
| cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus-an update. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a pantropic morbillivirus with a worldwide distribution, which causes fatal disease in dogs. affected animals develop dyspnea, diarrhea, neurological signs and profound immunosuppression. systemic cdv infection, resembling distemper in domestic dogs, can be found also in wild canids (e.g. wolves, foxes), procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous), ailurids (e.g. red pandas), ursids (e.g. black bears, giant pandas), mustelids (e.g. ferrets, minks), viverrids (e.g. civet ... | 2015 | 28616465 |
| optimized multi-stable stochastic resonance for the enhancement of pituitary micoadenoma in mri. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the modality of choice as far as imaging diagnosis of pathologies in the pituitary gland is concerned. further, the advent of dynamic contrast enhanced (dce) has enhanced the capability of this modality in detecting minute benign but endocrinologically significant tumors called microadenoma. these lesions are visible with difficulty and a low confidence level in routine mri sequences, even after administration of intravenous gadolinium. techniques to enhance t ... | 2017 | 28622680 |
| role of personality in behavioral responses to new environments in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica). | studying personality in captive animals may enable the development of individual-based management decisions, which may improve animal welfare. asiatic lions at london zoo represent an opportunity to research an understudied species' response to new environments since they have experienced social and physical changes, such as new enclosures and increased social interaction with humans. this project aimed to investigate the role of personality in behavioral responses to these changes. lion persona ... | 2017 | 28638674 |
| ancient female philopatry, asymmetric male gene flow, and synchronous population expansion support the influence of climatic oscillations on the evolution of south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). | the south american sea lion (otaria flavescens) is widely distributed along the southern atlantic and pacific coasts of south america with a history of significant commercial exploitation. we aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure and the evolutionary history of south american sea lion along its distribution by analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and 10 nuclear microsatellites loci. we analyzed 147 sequences of mtdna control region and genotyped 111 individuals of south american se ... | 2017 | 28654647 |
| early ovarian cancer surgery with indocyanine-green-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (tcl, pelvic part). | para-aortic indocyanine-green (icg)-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy is feasible in early ovarian cancer; systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy could potentially be avoided if thoroughly investigated sentinel nodes could predict whether residual nodes will be involved or free of disease. in contrast to advanced ovarian cancer, where the therapeutic potential of lymphadenectomy will soon be clarified by the results of the arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische onkologie lymph ... | 2017 | 28657229 |
| vision profile and ocular characteristics of special olympics athletes: report from india. | previous reports, albeit isolated, of vision and ocular screening of athletes with intellectual disability participating in the special olympics, uk, indicated high rates of refractive error and ocular morbidity; however, there have been no reports of similar sports events for this population from india. this study set out to evaluate the vision profile and ocular characteristics of athletes with intellectual disability attending the special olympics lions club international opening eyes (solcio ... | 2017 | 28657422 |
| climatic anomaly affects the immune competence of california sea lions. | the past decades have been characterized by a growing number of climatic anomalies. as these anomalies tend to occur suddenly and unexpectedly, it is often difficult to procure empirical evidence of their effects on natural populations. we analysed how the recent sea surface temperature (sst) anomaly in the northeastern pacific ocean affects body condition, nutritional status, and immune competence of california sea lion pups. we found that pup body condition and blood glucose levels of the pups ... | 2017 | 28658317 |
| atypical red blood cells are prevalent in california sea lion pups born during anomalous sea surface temperature events. | to date, there is limited knowledge of the effects that abnormal sea surface temperature (sst) can have on the physiology of neonate pinnipeds. however, maternal nutritional deficiencies driven by alimentary restrictions would expectedly impact pinniped development and fitness, as an adequate supply of nutrients is essential for growth and proper functioning of all body systems, including red blood cell synthesis and clearance. here, we investigated red blood cell morphology of california sea li ... | 2017 | 28671858 |
| initial validation of blubber cortisol and progesterone as indicators of stress response and maturity in an otariid; the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | chronic stress can have detrimental effects on an individual's health and reproductive success. the use of cortisol quantification as an indicator of stress in free-ranging cetaceans and phocids is increasing but no studies have applied this technique on blubber in otariids. we measured cortisol concentrations in blubber samples obtained from california sea lions, zalophus californianus, stranded in san diego county and those incidentally killed in the california drift gillnet fishery. we also m ... | 2017 | 28690049 |
| oil spills and marine mammals in british columbia, canada: development and application of a risk-based conceptual framework. | marine mammals are inherently vulnerable to oil spills. we developed a conceptual framework to evaluate the impacts of potential oil exposure on marine mammals and applied it to 21 species inhabiting coastal british columbia (bc), canada. oil spill vulnerability was determined by examining both the likelihood of species-specific (individual) oil exposure and the consequent likelihood of population-level effects. oil exposure pathways, ecology, and physiological characteristics were first used to ... | 2017 | 28695252 |
| characterizing the scent and chemical composition of panthera leo marking fluid using solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. | lions (panthera leo) use chemical signaling to indicate health, reproductive status, and territorial ownership. to date, no study has reported on both scent and composition of marking fluid (mf) from p. leo. the objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a novel method for simultaneous chemical and scent identification of lion mf in its totality (urine + mf), 2) identify characteristic odorants responsible for the overall scent of mf as perceived by human panelists, and 3) compare the existing ... | 2017 | 28698649 |
| analysing the natural population growth of a large marine mammal after a depletive harvest. | an understanding of the underlying processes and comprehensive history of population growth after a harvest-driven depletion is necessary when assessing the long-term effectiveness of management and conservation strategies. the south american sea lion (sasl), otaria flavescens, is the most conspicuous marine mammal along the south american coasts, where it has been heavily exploited. as a consequence of this exploitation, many of its populations were decimated during the early 20th century but c ... | 2017 | 28706228 |
| laparoscopic implantation of electrodes for bilateral neuromodulation of the pudendal nerves and s3 nerve roots for treating pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction. | the objective of this video is to describe the technique for laparoscopic implantation of electrodes for bilateral neuromodulation of s3 and pudendal nerves. we report a successful case of a 48-year-old woman with spina bifida occulta referred with a 14-year history of intense acyclic pelvic pain, urinary hesitancy, and intermittent flow refractory to various conservative measures. | 2017 | 28712018 |
| the environmental legacy of historic pb-zn-ag-au mining in river basins of the southern edge of the massif central (france). | the main rivers (aude, orb, herault) that discharge into the gulf of lions and the west bank tributaries of the rhone river including the gardon have former non-ferrous metal mines in their upper drainage basin. using unpublished data and data from the literature, this study provides an integrated overview of the contamination of water and sediment along the continent-sea continuum and of its impacts on the biota and on human health. in the upper part of these basins, water and stream sediments ... | 2017 | 28718018 |
| a cultural conscience for conservation. | on 2 july 2015, the killing of a lion nicknamed "cecil" prompted the largest global reaction in the history of wildlife conservation. in response to this, it is propitious to consider the ways in which this moment can be developed into a financial movement to transform the conservation of species such as the lion that hold cultural significance and sentiment but whose numbers in the wild are dwindling dangerously. this provocative piece explores how a species royalty could be used effectively by ... | 2017 | 28726725 |
| bridging gaps between zoo and wildlife medicine: establishing reference intervals for free-ranging african lions (panthera leo). | the international species information system has set forth an extensive database of reference intervals for zoologic species, allowing veterinarians and game park officials to distinguish normal health parameters from underlying disease processes in captive wildlife. however, several recent studies comparing reference values from captive and free-ranging animals have found significant variation between populations, necessitating the development of separate reference intervals in free-ranging wil ... | 2017 | 28749296 |
| ebstein anomaly in the tsushima leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus). | ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease that has been described in domestic dogs, a meerkat, a pygmy goat, and a lion. an 11-mo-old tsushima leopard cat presented to osaka prefecture university veterinary hospital for diagnosis and treatment of right-sided congestive heart failure. echocardiography showed a dilated right atrium and ventricle with an enlarged tricuspid valve annulus and apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets. the cat was diagnosed with ebstein anomaly. to ... | 2017 | 28749297 |
| investigation of enrofloxacin-associated retinal toxicity in nondomestic felids. | enrofloxacin is known to cause retinal toxicity in domestic cats. the hallmark lesion of enrofloxacin-associated retinal toxicity in domestic cats is thinning of the outer nuclear layer of the retina. enrofloxacin is commonly used to treat bacterial infections in nondomestic felids because of its action against a wide spectrum of bacteria and the ability for it to be given orally. no previous studies have investigated the potential retinal toxicity of enrofloxacin in nondomestic felids. this ret ... | 2017 | 28749304 |
| interspecies differences in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 and dermal vitamin d synthesis of kiwi (apteryx mantelli), tuatara (sphenodon punctatus), and new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri). | vitamin d plays a central role in calcium homeostasis of most vertebrates, and is obtained in different species through diet, dermal synthesis, or a combination of both. the aim of this study was to determine the predominant routes of vitamin d synthesis in three disparate species, brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli), tuatara (sphenodon punctatus), and new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri). we surveyed plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d2 and d3, analysed environmental conditions and lif ... | 2017 | 28755031 |
| "we black women have to kill a lion everyday": an intersectional analysis of racism and social determinants of health in brazil. | the concept of intersectionality has been used to analyze and understand how multiple forms of identity and oppression interact to shape life experiences of marginalized groups. we conducted a qualitative study to explore how black brazilian women experience the intersections of race, class, and gender and the ways in which these intersecting experiences act as social determinants of health. nine focus groups were conducted with black, white, and mixed-race women of childbearing age (n = 37), so ... | 2017 | 28760333 |
| dna metabarcoding for diet analysis and biodiversity: a case study using the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | the analysis of apex predator diet has the ability to deliver valuable insights into ecosystem health, and the potential impacts a predator might have on commercially relevant species. the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) is an endemic apex predator and one of the world's most endangered pinnipeds. given that prey availability is vital to the survival of top predators, this study set out to understand what dietary information dna metabarcoding could yield from 36 sea lion scats collected a ... | 2017 | 28770080 |
| anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and congenital bicuspid aortic valve in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | a 27-year-old captive female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) died suddenly. necropsy findings showed severe hemopericardium, the right coronary artery arose from the sinus of the pulmonary trunk, and the aortic valve was composed of two semilunar cusps. coronary artery branches emerging from the epicardium were dilated and tortuous. pampiniform vascular plexus formation existed along the adventitia from the coronal sulcus to the pulmonary trunk. this is the first report of multiple ... | 2017 | 28781293 |
| antibody detection, isolation, genotyping, and virulence of toxoplasma gondii in captive felids from china. | the felids are the only definitive hosts of toxoplasma gondii, which could excrete oocysts into the environment and provide an infection source for toxoplasmosis in various warm-blooded animal species, particularly the captive felids that live close to human communities. the infection rate of the captive felids is a perfect standard in detecting the presence of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the environment. in this study, sera or tissue samples from zoo (1 young tiger, 2 adult tigers, 6 young lio ... | 2017 | 28791002 |
| range contractions of the world's large carnivores. | the majority of the world's terrestrial large carnivores have undergone substantial range contractions and many of these species are currently threatened with extinction. however, there has been little effort to fully quantify the extent of large carnivore range contractions, which hinders our ability to understand the roles and relative drivers of such trends. here we present and analyse a newly constructed and comprehensive set of large carnivore range contraction maps. we reveal the extent to ... | 2017 | 28791136 |
| is the lion strong enough? | 2017 | 28792242 | |
| fear of predation alters clone-specific performance in phloem-feeding prey. | fear of predation has been shown to affect prey fitness and behaviour, however, to date little is known about the underlying genetics of responses to predator-associated risk. in an effort to fill this gap we exposed four naïve clones of green peach aphid (myzus persicae), maintained on the model crop brassica oleracea, to different types of cues from aphid lion (chrysoperla carnea). the respective predation risks, we termed fear factors, were either lethal (consumption by predator), or non-leth ... | 2017 | 28794462 |
| on the utility of accelerometers to predict stroke rate using captive fur seals and sea lions. | energy expenditure of free-living fur seals and sea lions is difficult to measure directly, but may be indirectly derived from flipper stroke rate. we filmed 10 captive otariids swimming with accelerometers either attached to a harness (daily diary: sampling frequency 32hz, n=4) or taped to the fur (g6a+: 25hz, n=6). we used down sampling to derive four recording rates from each accelerometer (daily diary: 32, 16, 8, 4hz; g6a+: 25, 20, 10, 5hz). for each of these sampling frequencies we derived ... | 2017 | 28798149 |
| echinococcus felidis in hippopotamus, south africa. | hydatid cysts of echinococcus felidis are described from the hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius) from mpumalanga province, south africa. among six hippopotami investigated, hepatic hydatids were found in three. the identification was based on mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences. in addition, the rostellar hook morphology was analysed. this is the first morphological description of the metacestode of e. felidis, and the first molecularly confirmed report of the intermediate host of e. felid ... | 2017 | 28807300 |
| childhood vision screening in western south dakota: examining barriers to post-vision screening follow-up referral. | poor follow-up after post-screening referral is a challenge faced by vision screening organizations. this study examines barriers to follow-up eye care in children who were referred for a comprehensive eye exam following a vision screening event in western south dakota. | 2017 | 28810099 |
| changes in mucosal and serum immunoglobulin levels of california sea lions during early development. | to date, most studies on pinniped immunoglobulins have focused on circulating antibodies. however, systemic and local immune activities differ in terms of maturation, intensity, and types of effectors that participate. here, we examined levels of three immunoglobulin isotypes, igg, igm and iga, in the blood and mucosal membranes of free-living california sea lion pups. we investigated whether age, body condition and sex influenced their concentration. isotype levels varied among tissues, with ag ... | 2017 | 28811240 |
| traps and transformations influencing the financial viability of tourism on private-land conservation areas. | the ability of private conservation organizations to remain financially viable is a key factor influencing their effectiveness. a third of financially-motivated private land conservation areas (plcas) surveyed previously in south africa were found to be unprofitable, raising questions about their ability to effectively adapt their business models to their socioeconomic environment. in any complex system, options for later adaptation can be constrained by starting conditions ('path dependence'). ... | 2017 | 28815735 |
| bias, confounding, and interaction: lions and tigers, and bears, oh my! | epidemiologists seek to make a valid inference about the causal effect between an exposure and a disease in a specific population, using representative sample data from a specific population. clinical researchers likewise seek to make a valid inference about the association between an intervention and outcome(s) in a specific population, based upon their randomly collected, representative sample data. both do so by using the available data about the sample variable to make a valid estimate about ... | 2017 | 28817531 |
| are extinction opinions extinct? | extinction models vary in the information they require, the simplest considering the rate of certain sightings only. more complicated methods include uncertain sightings and allow for variation in the reliability of uncertain sightings. generally extinction models require expert opinion, either as a prior belief that a species is extinct, or to establish the quality of a sighting record, or both. is this subjectivity necessary? we present two models to explore whether the individual quality of s ... | 2017 | 28828259 |
| molecular characterization of hepatozoon felis in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks infested on captive lions (panthera leo). | hepatozoon spp. are protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals. the infection occurs by ingestion of an infected tick. this study was carried out to detect and characterize hepatozoon spp. in ticks collected from captive lions (panthera leo) in thailand based on the partial 18s rrna gene sequence. a total of 30 ticks were collected and identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus. the collected ticks were separated into 10 tick pools by sex and life stages. of the 10 tic ... | 2017 | 28848300 |
| intrinsic and extrinsic influences on standard metabolic rates of three species of australian otariid. | the study of marine mammal energetics can shed light on how these animals might adapt to changing environments. their physiological potential to adapt will be influenced by extrinsic factors, such as temperature, and by intrinsic factors, such as sex and reproduction. we measured the standard metabolic rate (smr) of males and females of three australian otariid species (two australian fur seals, three new zealand fur seals and seven australian sea lions). mean smr ranged from 0.47 to 1.05 l o2 m ... | 2017 | 28852504 |
| post-mortem dti reveals altered hippocampal connectivity in wild sea lions diagnosed with chronic toxicosis from algal exposure. | hundreds of wild california sea lions (zalophus californianus) exposed to the algal neurotoxin domoic acid are treated in veterinary rehabilitation centers each year. common chronic effects of toxic exposure in these animals are seizures and hippocampal damage, and they have been proposed as a natural animal model for human epilepsy. humans with medial temporal lobe epilepsy present with white matter pathology in a number of tracts including the fornix and increased structural connectivity betwe ... | 2017 | 28875534 |
| linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveal subtype specific transmission dynamics in african lions. | 1.heterogeneity within pathogen species can have important consequences for how pathogens transmit across landscapes; however, discerning different transmission routes is challenging. 2.here we apply both phylodynamic and phylogenetic community ecology techniques to examine the consequences of pathogen heterogeneity on transmission by assessing subtype specific transmission pathways in a social carnivore. 3.we use comprehensive social and spatial network data to examine transmission pathways for ... | 2017 | 28884827 |
| a 'dynamic' landscape of fear: prey responses to spatiotemporal variations in predation risk across the lunar cycle. | ambiguous empirical support for 'landscapes of fear' in natural systems may stem from failure to consider dynamic temporal changes in predation risk. the lunar cycle dramatically alters night-time visibility, with low luminosity increasing hunting success of african lions. we used camera-trap data from serengeti national park to examine nocturnal anti-predator behaviours of four herbivore species. interactions between predictable fluctuations in night-time luminosity and the underlying risk-reso ... | 2017 | 28901034 |
| serum estradiol and progesterone profiles during estrus, pseudopregnancy, and active gestation in steller sea lions. | while the proximate driver behind the decline of the western stock of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus, >80% since 1970s) is likely multifactorial, the population reduction may have been powered by a decrease in fecundity. a harvest of steller sea lions in the 1970s and 80s revealed a 30% reduction in the proportion of pregnant females from early (october-november) to late gestation (april-may). identification and quantification of these reproductive failures are difficult when we lack spec ... | 2017 | 28901587 |
| genetic variants related to disease susceptibility and immunotolerance in the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (darc, fy) gene in the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, primates). | the darc (duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) gene encodes the darc protein, which serves multiple roles in the immune system, as a binding site for the malarial parasites plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi, a promiscuous chemokine receptor and a blood group antigen. variation in darc may play particularly significant roles in innate immunity, immunotolerance and pathogen entry in callitrichines, such as the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus). we compared amino acid sequenc ... | 2017 | 28902417 |
| calcinosis circumscripta in a cohort of related juvenile african lions (panthera leo). | three juvenile, genetically related african lions (panthera leo) were evaluated for discrete dome-shaped subcutaneous masses present over the proximal lateral metatarsal-tarsal area. the lesions measured 3-8 cm in diameter, were fluctuant to firm, nonulcerated, and attached to underlying structures. on radiographic evaluation, the lesions were characterized by well-circumscribed punctate mineralizations in the soft tissue surrounded by soft tissue swelling without evidence of adjacent bony invol ... | 2017 | 28920787 |
| diagnosis and treatment of a unilateral renal cystadenoma in an african lion (panthera leo). | a renal tubular cystadenoma was diagnosed in a 14-yr-old male african lion (panthera leo). during a routine health evaluation, a left renal mass was identified via physical examination, radiographs, and abdominal ultrasonography. the mass was 30 × 15 cm in size and had a thin capsule with central hypoechoic fluid, suggestive of a perirenal cyst. an exploratory celiotomy with partial nephrectomy was performed without complications. histologically, the tumor was characterized by a thick fibrous ca ... | 2017 | 28920823 |
| extralobar pulmonary sequestration in two pinniped species. | two cases of extralobar pulmonary sequestrations from a walrus (odobenus rosmarus) and a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) are described in the present study. grossly, an independent, soft unilocular cystic mass was found within the abdominal cavities of both animals, adherent to the diaphragm in o. rosmarus and attached to the cardia of the stomach in e. jubatus. histopathologically, the cysts were lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells, while the ... | 2017 | 28924092 |
| proxies of energy expenditure for marine mammals: an experimental test of "the time trap". | direct measures of energy expenditure are difficult to obtain in marine mammals, and accelerometry may be a useful proxy. recently its utility has been questioned as some analyses derived their measure of activity level by calculating the sum of accelerometry-based values and then comparing this summation to summed (total) energy expenditure (the so-called "time trap"). to test this hypothesis, we measured oxygen consumption of captive fur seals and sea lions wearing accelerometers during submer ... | 2017 | 28924150 |
| characterisation of north american brucella isolates from marine mammals. | extension of known ecological niches of brucella has included the description of two novel species from marine mammals. brucella pinnipedialis is associated predominantly with seals, while two major brucella ceti clades, most commonly associated with porpoises or dolphins respectively, have been identified. to date there has been limited characterisation of brucella isolates obtained from marine mammals outside northern european waters, including north american waters. to address this gap, and e ... | 2017 | 28934239 |
| behavioural variability in macaques and langurs of the western ghats, india. | studies that compare differences in the behavioural variability across species and genera are rare among south asian primates. such studies are important for understanding within-group feeding competition in primates as interindividual difference in frequency of behaviour is a good indicator of feeding competition. we compared the variability in individual activities of lion-tailed macaques, bonnet macaques, nilgiri langurs, and black-footed grey langurs. both macaque species showed variability ... | 2017 | 28934752 |
| pathological findings in wild rats (rattus rattus) captured at guafo island, northern chilean patagonia. | the black rat (rattus rattus) is an invasive species and potential reservoir of significant pathogens of man, domestic animals and wildlife. during the 2012-2014 austral summers, 201 black rats were captured and examined on the uninhabited guafo island, in northern chilean patagonia (43.593029°s, 74.713481°w). the mite ornithonyssus bacoti caused lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic dermatitis in all infected rats (105/210, 52%), but no skin lesions were observed in rats infected with nosopsyllus ... | 2017 | 28942299 |
| no evidence for clonal transmission of urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | urogenital carcinoma is a highly metastatic cancer affecting california sea lions (zalophus californianus). the disease has high prevalence amongst stranded animals, and is one of the most commonly observed cancers in wildlife. the genital localisation of primary tumours suggests the possibility that coital transmission of an infectious agent could underlie this disease. otarine herpesvirus type 1 has been associated with lesions, however a causative role for this virus has not been confirmed. w ... | 2017 | 28948233 |
| did saber-tooth kittens grow up musclebound? a study of postnatal limb bone allometry in felids from the pleistocene of rancho la brea. | previous studies have demonstrated that the pleistocene saber-toothed cat smilodon fatalis had many forelimb adaptations for increased strength, presumably to grapple with and subdue prey. the rancho la brea tar pits yield large samples of juvenile limb bones forming a growth series that allow us to examine how smilodon kittens grew up. almost all available juvenile limb bones were measured, and reduced major axis fits were calculated to determine the allometric growth trends. contrary to expect ... | 2017 | 28953899 |
| growth rate and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic discrimination factors of lion and leopard whiskers. | stable isotope analysis (sia) of whiskers has been used to identify temporal feeding habits, intra-population diet variation, as well as individual dietary specialisation of marine and terrestrial carnivores. however, the potential of the method to disclose such dietary information for large wild felids is hampered by lack of information on species-specific whisker growth rates, whisker growth patterns and whisker-diet trophic discrimination factors (tdfs). | 2018 | 28971533 |
| ultrasonographic aspects of the leontopithecus gestation (lesson, 1840-callitrichidae, primates). | there is a concern about conservation of endangered species today. among this species, the leontopithecus (lesson, 1840) is outstanding. its population has been whirling reduced. so far the reproductive physiology of leontopithecus has few studies, it is fundamental requisite to preserve this species. obstetric sonography has become an essential method in reproductive management of primates. | 2018 | 28972670 |
| the life-skills program lions quest in austrian schools: implementation and outcomes. | this article investigates the importance of implementation level for the effectiveness of the school-based life skills program lions quest in a sample of austrian students (n = 363 from three schools; aged 9-15 at t1). a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design with intervention and control group over 2 years was used. the effects of low, average, and high implementation levels on the outcome variables classroom climate, bullying and psychosocial health were analyzed. multilevel analyses of ... | 2018 | 28973151 |
| ocular histopathologic features of congenital zika syndrome. | congenital zika syndrome (czs) is known to be associated with severe malformations in newborns. although microcephaly is the hallmark of this disease, the ocular findings are important given the severe visual impairment that has been observed in these patients. regardless of the increased number of czs cases reported, to date, no studies have described the ocular histopathologic findings of this entity. | 2017 | 28975230 |
| from mammals back to birds: host-switch of the acanthocephalan corynosoma australe from pinnipeds to the magellanic penguin spheniscus magellanicus. | trophically-transmitted parasites are regularly exposed to potential new hosts through food web interactions. successful colonization, or switching, to novel hosts, occur readily when 'donor' and 'target' hosts are phylogenetically related, whereas switching between distantly related hosts is rare and may result from stochastic factors (i.e. rare favourable mutations). this study investigates a host-switching event between a marine acanthocephalan specific to pinnipeds that is apparently able to ... | 2017 | 28981550 |
| what california sea lions exposed to domoic acid might teach us about autism: lessons for predictive and preventive medicine. | autism spectrum disorder (asd) shares many biological and behavioral similarities with the deleterious effects of domoic acid (da) exposure. da is produced by marine algae and most commonly by species ofpseudo-nitzschia. humans and marine mammals can be exposed to da when they consume whole fish or shellfish. the mammalian fetus is highly sensitive to the deleterious effects of da exposure. both asd and exposures to toxic levels of da feature repetitive behaviors, challenges with social interact ... | 2017 | 29021833 |
| fatal haemorrhage and neoplastic thrombosis in a captive african lion (panthera leo) with metastatic testicular sex cord-stromal tumour. | the study of neoplasia in wildlife species contributes to the understanding of cancer biology, management practices, and comparative pathology. higher frequencies of neoplasms among captive non-domestic felids have been reported most commonly in aging individuals. however, testicular tumours have rarely been reported. this report describes a metastatic testicular sex cord-stromal tumour leading to fatal haemorrhage and thrombosis in a captive african lion (panthera leo). | 2017 | 29029632 |
| correction: age estimation of african lions panthera leo by ratio of tooth areas. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153648.]. | 2017 | 29049374 |
| acid digestion on river influenced shelf sediment organic matter: carbon and nitrogen contents and isotopic ratios. | natural stable isotope ratios (δ13 corg and δ15 n values) and associated elemental concentrations (i.e. total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents) preserved in marine sediments are frequently used for the determination of paleo-environmental processes such as the origin of organic matter. previous studies highlighted biases in the determination of such geochemical proxies due to pre-analysis acid treatment methods. this study is the first systematic comparison of the effect of acid treatm ... | 2018 | 29049842 |
| intraspecific variation in feeding strategies of galapagos sea lions: a case of trophic specialization. | the trophic behavior of marine predators varies according to the level of competition to which they are exposed. in general, populations that inhabit lower productivity systems face a strong intraspecific competition, which contributes to the development of different foraging strategies to maximize nutritional efficiency. given the high trophic flexibility of zalophus wollebaeki, this species is considered appropriate for the analysis of such behavior. furthermore, this trophic flexibility has a ... | 2017 | 29059188 |
| a roaring trade? the legal trade in panthera leo bones from africa to east-southeast asia. | the african lion is the only big cat listed on cites appendix ii, and the only one for which international commercial trade is legal under cites. the trade in lion body parts, and especially the contentious trade in bones from south africa to asia, has raised concerns spanning continents and cultures. debates were amplified at the 2016 cites conference of the parties (cop17) when a proposal to up-list lions to appendix i was not supported and a compromise to keep them on appendix ii, with a bone ... | 2017 | 29065143 |
| questionnaire survey of the pan-african trade in lion body parts. | the african lion is in decline across its range, and consumptive utilisation and trade of their body parts and skins has been postulated as a cause for concern. we undertook a pan-african questionnaire and literature survey to document informed opinion and evidence for the occurrence of domestic and international trade and consumption in african lion body parts across current and former range states. sixty-five people from 18 countries participated in the online questionnaire survey (run from ju ... | 2017 | 29073202 |
| rancher-reported efficacy of lethal and non-lethal livestock predation mitigation strategies for a suite of carnivores. | pastoralists have dealt with livestock losses from predators for millennia, yet effective mitigation strategies that balance wildlife conservation and sustainable agriculture are still needed today. in wyoming, usa, 274 ranchers responded to a retrospective survey, and rated the efficacy of predation mitigation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzzards, eagles, hawks, ravens). rancher reported efficacy of mitigation varied by predator specie ... | 2017 | 29074881 |
| marine mammal population decline linked to obscured by-catch. | declines of marine megafauna due to fisheries by-catch are thought to be mitigated by exclusion devices that release nontarget species. however, exclusion devices may instead conceal negative effects associated with by-catch caused by fisheries (i.e., unobserved or discarded by-catch with low postrelease survival or reproduction). we show that the decline of the endangered new zealand (nz) sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) is linked to latent levels of by-catch occurring in sub-antarctic trawl fishe ... | 2017 | 29078271 |
| the tympanic region of otaria byronia (otariidae, carnivora) - morphology, ontogeny, age classes and dimorphism. | here we describe and explore for the first time the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the auditory region of otaria byronia. we studied the tympanic region of skulls of 237 specimens of different ages and sexes. geometric morphometric methods were used to analyze the tympanic bulla. in addition, 3d reconstructions of the tympanic bulla were performed using computed tomography analysis scans and a serial wearing technique. we provide a description of the external and internal morphology of the ty ... | 2018 | 29082536 |
| anterior vena caval oxygen profiles in a deep-diving california sea lion: arteriovenous shunts, a central venous oxygen store and oxygenation during lung collapse. | deep-diving california sea lions (zalophus californianus) can maintain arterial hemoglobin saturation (so2 ) above 90% despite lung collapse (lack of gas exchange) and extremely low posterior vena caval so2 in the middle of the dive. we investigated anterior vena caval po2 and so2 during dives of an adult female sea lion to investigate two hypotheses: (1) posterior vena caval so2 is not representative of the entire venous oxygen store and (2) a well-oxygenated (arterialized) central venous ox ... | 2018 | 29084854 |
| the role of visual cues in mother-pup reunions in a colonially breeding mammal. | parental care is an important factor influencing offspring survival and adult reproductive success in many vertebrates. parent-offspring recognition ensures care is only directed to filial young, avoiding the costs of misallocated resource transfer. it is essential in colonial mammal species, such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions), in which repeated mother-offspring separations increase the risk of misdirecting maternal effort. identification of otariid pups by mothers is known to be multi-m ... | 2017 | 29093175 |