Publications

assessing the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone in female vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	specific alterations in the pulsatility of luteinizing hormone (lh) are linked to obesity-related subfertility in ovulatory women. vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are an old world nonhuman primate that develops obesity and has a menstrual cycle similar to humans. we evaluated follicular-phase lh pulses in 12 adult normal-weight female vervets. serum was collected every 10 min for 4 h by using a tether device in conscious, freely moving monkeys on menstrual cycle days 2 through 5. s ...	2013	24210020
an outbreak of yersinia enterocolitica in a captive colony of african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) in the caribbean.	yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic gram-negative pathogen that causes mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, acute gastroenteritis, and septicemia in domestic animals and primates. in 2012, 46 captive african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) died during an outbreak of acutely fatal enteric disease over a period of 1 mo on the island of st kitts. the affected monkeys presented with a history of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, marked dehydration, and depression. fifteen bacterial iso ...	2013	24210021
identification of rnase l-dependent, 3'-end-modified, viral small rnas in sindbis virus-infected mammalian cells.	small rnas play a critical role in host-pathogen interaction. indeed, small rna-mediated silencing or rna interference (rnai) is one of the earliest forms of antiviral immunity. although it represents the main defense system against viruses in many organisms, the antiviral role of rnai has not been clearly proven in higher vertebrates. however, it is well established that their response to viral infection relies on the recognition of viral rnas by host pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to tri ...	2013	24255120
orchidectomy does not significantly affect spine synapse density in the ca3 hippocampal subfield in st. kitts vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	gonadal hormones induce significant changes in cognitive function, associated with alterations in the structure of the hippocampus. we have previously shown that androgens increase the number of spine synapses in the ca1 stratum radiatum of the monkey hippocampus. recent evidence, however, suggests that loss of testicular hormone production may have variable effects on neuroplasticity in different regions of the hippocampus. to test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of orchidectomy in the ...	2014	24269983
antifungal effect of brachyglottis repanda ethanol extract.	the crude ethanol extract of b. repanda showed the cytotoxic activity against polio virus (25% activity at 150 μg/disk) and the minor cytotoxic activity against bsc cells (african green monkey kidney) . however, the crude ethanol extract of b. repanda was non-toxic to murine leukaemia cells ccl 46 p388d1 (ic50, > 62,500 ng/ml) . cytotoxic and antifungal activities were strongly shown by fr. 64-3 which was eluted with 90% ch3cn/h2o, 100% ch3cn, and 50% ch3cn/h2o (sm 2 at 150 μg/disk) . the fracti ...	2010	24278514
human respiratory syncytial virus memphis 37 grown in hep-2 cells causes more severe disease in lambs than virus grown in vero cells.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. a small percentage of these individuals develop severe and even fatal disease. to better understand the pathogenesis of severe disease and develop therapies unique to the less-developed infant immune system, a model of infant disease is needed. the neonatal lamb pulmonary development and physiology is similar to that of infants, and sheep are susceptible to ovine, bovine, or human strains o ...	2013	24284879
process analytical technology (pat) in insect and mammalian cell culture processes: dielectric spectroscopy and focused beam reflectance measurement (fbrm).	modern bioprocesses demand for a careful definition of the critical process parameters (cpps) already during the early stages of process development in order to ensure high-quality products and satisfactory yields. in this context, online monitoring tools can be applied to recognize unfavorable changes of cpps during the production processes and to allow for early interventions in order to prevent losses of production batches due to quality issues. process analytical technologies such as the die ...	2014	24297424
antagonism of samhd1 is actively maintained in natural infections of simian immunodeficiency virus.	restriction factors are effectors of the innate immune response to viral pathogens that inhibit viral replication by operating as molecular barriers to steps of the viral life cycle. the restriction factor samhd1 blocks lentiviral reverse transcription in myeloid cells and resting cd4+ t cells. many lineages of lentiviruses, including hiv-2 and other simian immunodeficiency viruses, encode accessory genes that serve to counteract host samhd1 restriction by causing degradation of the antiviral fa ...	2013	24324150
aerosolized rift valley fever virus causes fatal encephalitis in african green monkeys and common marmosets.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a veterinary and human disease in africa and the middle east. the causative agent, rvf virus (rvfv), can be naturally transmitted by mosquito, direct contact, or aerosol. we sought to develop a nonhuman primate (nhp) model of severe rvf in humans to better understand the pathogenesis of rvf and to use for evaluation of medical countermeasures. nhp from four different species were exposed to aerosols containing rvfv. both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques developed mild fe ...	2014	24335307
regulation of the apolipoprotein gene cluster by a long noncoding rna.	apolipoprotein a1 (apoa1) is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (hdl) in plasma. we have identified an endogenously expressed long noncoding natural antisense transcript, apoa1-as, which acts as a negative transcriptional regulator of apoa1 both in vitro and in vivo. inhibition of apoa1-as in cultured cells resulted in the increased expression of apoa1 and two neighboring genes in the apo cluster. chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) analyses of a ∼50 kb chromatin region fla ...	2014	24388749
vervet monkeys and whole-food diets for studying the effects of dietary lipids on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.	it is well established that some species of nonhuman primates are models of choice for polygenic hyperlipoproteinaemia and atherosclerosis induced and promoted by diets as occur in man. the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) has proved to be one such model. our group has used this model extensively to determine the effects of a variety of dietary lipid components on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis against a background of a western atherogenic or prudent diet. the diets fed ...	1997	24394647
a replication competent hsv-1(mckrae) with a mutation in the amino-terminus of glycoprotein k (gk) is unable to infect mouse trigeminal ganglia after cornea infection.	to determine the role of the amino terminus of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein k (gk) in corneal infection, neuroinvasion, and establishment of virus latency in trigeminal ganglia of mice.	2014	24401006
development of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus replicon vector for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.	foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an economically important global animal disease. to control fmd virus (fmdv) outbreaks, a lot of different novel approaches have been attempted. in this study, we proposed a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) as a replicon vector to express fmdv structural protein.	2014	24427767
use of opda, an organophosphorus (op) hydrolase, prevents lethality in an african green monkey model of acute op poisoning.	organophosphorus (op) pesticides are a diverse class of acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors that are responsible for tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide, killing approximately 300,000 people annually. enzymatic hydrolysis of ops is a potential therapy for acute poisoning. opda, an op hydrolase isolated from agrobacterium radiobacter, has been shown to decrease lethality in rodent models of op poisoning. this study investigated the effects of opda on ache activity, plasma concentratio ...	2014	24447378
effects of short-term niacin treatment on plasma lipoprotein concentrations in african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	niacin is the most effective drug available for raising levels of high-density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol. to evaluate its effects on plasma lipid concentrations, the authors administered a low dose of niacin to healthy, adult, female african green monkeys for 3 months. in the treated monkeys, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased by 43% from baseline, whereas concentrations of hdl cholesterol and apolipoprotein a-i increased by 49% and 34%, respectively. the results su ...	2014	24451360
recent developments in experimental animal models of henipavirus infection.	hendra (hev) and nipah (niv) viruses (genus henipavirus (hnv; family paramyxoviridae) are emerging zoonotic agents that can cause severe respiratory distress and acute encephalitis in humans. given the lack of effective therapeutics and vaccines for human use, these viruses are considered as public health concerns. several experimental animal models of hnv infection have been developed in recent years. here, we review the current status of four of the most promising experimental animal models (m ...	2014	24488776
cytotoxic effects of etephon and maleic hydrazide in vero, hep2, hepg2 cells.	the toxicity of etephon and maleic hydrazide, used as plant growth regulators in agriculture, were reported as low in mammals in previous studies. however, in vitro cytotoxicity studies in mammalian cells are currently missing to understand their toxicity at molecular level. in the current study, the cytotoxicity of these compounds, were studied in vero (african green monkey kidney epithelium), hepg2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), hep2 (human epidermoid cancer) cells by mtt ((3-(4,5-dimetilti ...	2014	24495230
conservation challenge: human-herbivore conflict in chebera churchura national park, ethiopia.	an investigation on human-herbivore conflict was carried out in ccnp between 2011 and 2012 in seven randomly selected villages (chebera, serri, yora, shita, delba, chuchra, chewda) around the park. a total of 312 household samples were identified for interview. group discussion and field observation were also carried out. among the respondents, the majority (83.9%) faced crop damage. african elephant (loxodonta africana), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibious), african buffalo (syncerus caffer), ...	2013	24506044
photoluminescent green carbon nanodots from food-waste-derived sources: large-scale synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications.	we have developed a simple approach for the large-scale synthesis of water-soluble green carbon nanodots (g-dots) from many kinds of large food waste-derived sources. about 120 g of g-dots per 100 kg of food waste can be synthesized using our simple and environmentally friendly synthesis approach. the g-dots exhibit a high degree of solubility in water because of the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups around their surface. the narrow band of photoluminescence emission (400-470 nm) conf ...	2014	24512145
characterization of ovarian aging and reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	female vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are used as an experimental model for chronic diseases relevant to women's health. however, reproductive senescence (menopause) has not yet been characterized for vervet monkeys. here we describe the histologic, hormonal, and menstrual markers of reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys from the wake forest vervet research colony. ovaries from monkeys (age, 0 to 27 y) were serially sectioned (5 μm), stained, and photographed. in every 100th s ...	2014	24512962
a recombinant hendra virus g glycoprotein subunit vaccine protects nonhuman primates against hendra virus challenge.	hendra virus (hev) is a zoonotic emerging virus belonging to the family paramyxoviridae. hev causes severe and often fatal respiratory and/or neurologic disease in both animals and humans. currently, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs approved for human use. a number of animal models have been developed for studying hev infection, with the african green monkey (agm) appearing to most faithfully reproduce the human disease. here, we assessed the utility of a newly developed recombi ...	2014	24522928
differences in aerosolization of rift valley fever virus resulting from choice of inhalation exposure chamber: implications for animal challenge studies.	the aerosol characteristics of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) were evaluated to achieve reproducible infection of experimental animals with aerosolized rvfv suitable for animal efficacy studies. spray factor (sf), the ratio between the concentrations of the aerosolized agent to the agent in the aerosol generator, is used to compare performance differences between aerosol exposures. sf indicates the efficiency of the aerosolization process; a higher sf means a lower nebulizer concentration is nee ...	2014	24532259
the cyclical transmission of yellow fever virus through the grivet monkey, cercopithecus aethiops centralis neumann, and the mosquito aëdes (stegomyia) africanus theobald.		1950	24539937
cytotoxic and hiv-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of red sea marine organisms.	cancer and hiv/aids are two of the greatest public health and humanitarian challenges facing the world today. infection with hiv not only weakens the immune system leading to aids and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, but also increases the risk of several types of cancer. the enormous biodiversity of marine habitats is mirrored by the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites found in marine animals, plants and microbes which is why this work was designed to assess the anti-hi ...	2014	24568567
chemical synthesis, characterisation, and biocompatibility of nanometre scale porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes for use as a cell culture substrate for the vero cell line: a preliminary study.	in this preliminary study we investigate for the first time the biomedical potential of using porous anodic aluminium oxide (aao) membranes as a cell substrate for culturing the cercopithecus aethiops (african green monkey) kidney (vero) epithelial cell line. one advantage of using the inorganic aao membrane is the presence of nanometre scale pore channels that allow the exchange of molecules and nutrients across the membrane. the size of the pore channels can be preselected by adjusting the con ...	2014	24579077
herpes simplex virus 1 protein ul37 interacts with viral glycoprotein gk and membrane protein ul20 and functions in cytoplasmic virion envelopment.	we have shown that glycoprotein k (gk) and its interacting partner, the ul20 protein, play crucial roles in virion envelopment. specifically, virions lacking either gk or ul20 fail to acquire an envelope, thus causing accumulation of capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) ul37 protein has also been implicated in cytoplasmic virion envelopment. to further investigate the role of ul37 in virion envelopment, the recombinant virus dc480 was constructed by inse ...	2014	24600000
ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment increase brain levels of cyp2d in african green monkeys.	cyp2d6 metabolizes many centrally acting drugs, neurotoxins and endogenous neurochemicals, and differences in brain levels of cyp2d have been associated with brain function and drug response. alcohol consumers and smokers have higher levels of cyp2d6 in brain, but not liver, suggesting ethanol and/or nicotine may induce human brain cyp2d6. we investigated the independent and combined effects of chronic ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment on cyp2d expression in african green monkey ...	2014	24611668
in vitro antibacterial screening of six proline-based cyclic dipeptides in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against medically important bacteria.	the in vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of six proline-based cyclic dipeptides [cyclo(d-pro-l-leu), cyclo(l-pro-l-met), cyclo(d-pro-l-phe), cyclo(l-pro-l-phe), cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr), and cyclo(l-pro-d-tyr)] in combination imipenem and ceftazidime was investigated in the present manuscript. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of the cyclic dipeptides were compared with those of the standard antibiotics (imipenem and ceftazidime). the synerg ...	2014	24622848
factors associated with siman immunodeficiency virus transmission in a natural african nonhuman primate host in the wild.	african green monkeys (agms) are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) at high prevalence levels and do not progress to aids. sexual transmission is the main transmission route in agm, while mother-to-infant transmission (mtit) is negligible. we investigated siv transmission in wild agms to assess whether or not high siv prevalence is due to differences in mucosal permissivity to siv (i.e., whether the genetic bottleneck of viral transmission reported in humans and macaques ...	2014	24623416
adaptive gene amplification as an intermediate step in the expansion of virus host range.	the majority of recently emerging infectious diseases in humans is due to cross-species pathogen transmissions from animals. to establish a productive infection in new host species, viruses must overcome barriers to replication mediated by diverse and rapidly evolving host restriction factors such as protein kinase r (pkr). many viral antagonists of these restriction factors are species specific. for example, the rhesus cytomegalovirus pkr antagonist, rhtrs1, inhibits pkr in some african green m ...	2014	24626510
severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection in aged nonhuman primates is associated with modulated pulmonary and systemic immune responses.	many respiratory viruses disproportionately impact the elderly. likewise, advanced age correlated with more adverse disease outcomes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection in humans. we used an aged african green monkey sars-cov infection model to better understand age-related mechanisms of increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. nonhuman primates are critical translational models for such research given their similarities to humans in immu ...	2014	24642138
mhc polymorphism in caribbean african green monkeys.	african green monkeys (agm) are among the most widely used nonhuman primate models used in various fields of medical research. one species of agm that originated from west africa, chlorocebus sabaeus, was introduced three centuries ago in the caribbean islands. we present here a systematic study of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) polymorphism of caribbean agm which is currently frequently used as an animal model. we studied 54 animals originated from barbados (n=25) or saint kitts (n= ...	2014	24676686
prenylated benzoylphloroglucinols and xanthones from the leaves of garcinia oblongifolia with antienteroviral activity.	an acetone extract of the leaves of garcinia oblongifolia showed antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 (ev71) using a cytopathic effect inhibition assay. bioassay-guided fractionation yielded 12 new prenylated benzoylphloroglucinols, oblongifolins j-u (1-12), and five known compounds. the structures of 1-12 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 1d- and 2d-nmr and mass spectrometry methods. the absolute configurations were determined by a combination of a mosher ester procedure ...	2014	24679044
live attenuated tetravalent dengue virus host range vaccine is immunogenic in african green monkeys following a single vaccination.	the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue virus (denv), is transmitted by mosquitoes, and as distribution of these insects has expanded, so has dengue-related disease. denv is a member of the flaviviridae family and has 4 distinct serotypes (denv-1, -2, -3, and -4). no lasting cross protection is afforded to heterologous serotypes following infection by any one of the individual serotypes. the presence of nonneutralizing antibodies to one serotype can facilitate the occurrence of more-severe d ...	2014	24696467
pathogenic features associated with increased virulence upon simian immunodeficiency virus cross-species transmission from natural hosts.	while simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) are generally nonpathogenic in their natural hosts, dramatic increases in pathogenicity may occur upon cross-species transmission to new hosts. deciphering the drivers of these increases in virulence is of major interest for understanding the emergence of new human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs). we transmitted sivsab from the sabaeus species of african green monkeys (agms) to pigtailed macaques (ptms). high acute viral replication occurred in all si ...	2014	24696477
cratoxylum formosum (jack) dyer ssp. pruniflorum (kurz) gogel. (hóng yá mù) extract induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma hepg2 cells through caspase-dependent pathways.	cratoxylum formosum (jack) dyer ssp. pruniflorum (kurz) gogel. (hóng yá mù) (cf) has been used for treatment of fever, cough, and peptic ulcer. previously, a 50% ethanol-water extract from twigs of cf was shown highly selective in cytotoxicity against cancer cells. this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptosis-inducing effect of cf.	2014	24708784
cytotoxic diterpenes from roots of crossopetalum gaumeri, a celastraceae species from yucatan peninsula.	four new diterpenes, crossogumerins a-d (1-4) along with six known ones (5-10) were isolated from the root bark of crossopetalum gaumeri, an endemic medicinal plant from the yucatan peninsula. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr techniques, including hmqc, hmbc, and roesy experiments. compounds 1-5, 8-10 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against hela (carcinoma of the cervix) and hep-2 (lung carcinoma) human tumor cells lines and against normal vero cells (african green ...	2014	24709561
analysis of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and african green monkeys.	the function of prostate-specific antigen (psa) is to liquefy the semen coagulum so that the released sperm can fuse with the ovum. fifteen spliced variants of the psa gene have been reported in humans, but little is known about alternative splicing in nonhuman primates. positive selection has been reported in sex- and reproductive-related genes from sea urchins to drosophila to humans; however, there are few studies of adaptive evolution of the psa gene. here, using polymerase chain reaction (p ...	2014	24732672
safety profile of dextran-spermine gene delivery vector in mouse lungs.	a nano-sized polymer, dextran-spermine (d-spm), was shown to have the capacity to deliver gene to the lung of mouse via intranasal route. in this study, assessments on the safety profile of d-spm were performed to complement the gene expression results. african green monkey kidney fibroblast (cos-7) and human adenocarcinoma breast (mcf-7) cells transfected with d-spm/pdna showed massive reduction in the number of viable cells. as for in vivo study, elevated level of neutrophils was observed, des ...	2014	24734548
inhibition on calcium oxalate crystallization and repair on injured renal epithelial cells of degraded soybean polysaccharide.	this paper investigated the inhibitory effect of degraded soybean polysaccharide (dps) on the growth of calcium oxalate (caoxa) crystals. the results were compared with that of soybean polysaccharide without degradation (sps). the data showed that dps exhibited a much higher efficiency to inhibit caoxa growth and stabilize calcium oxalate dihydrate (cod) compared with sps. as dps concentration increased, the soluble ca(2+) ions significantly increased, the aggregation degree of calcium oxalate m ...	2012	24751057
limited geographic variation in the acoustic structure of and responses to adult male alarm barks of african green monkeys.	the global diversity of human languages is a remarkable feature of our species, which requires a capacity for rapid vocal learning. given that primate alarm calling systems have played an important role in the language origin debate, identifying geographic variation in primate alarm calls and understanding the underlying causal mechanisms are important steps to help uncover evolutionary precursors to language. this study investigates geographic variation in the alarm bark of the widely distribut ...	2014	24771960
african green monkeys recapitulate the clinical experience with replication of live attenuated pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidates.	live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) h5n1, h7n3, h6n1, and h9n2 influenza vaccine viruses replicated in the respiratory tract of mice and ferrets, and 2 doses of vaccines were immunogenic and protected these animals from challenge infection with homologous and heterologous wild-type (wt) viruses of the corresponding subtypes. however, when these vaccine candidates were evaluated in phase i clinical trials, there were inconsistencies between the observations in animal models and in humans. the vacci ...	2014	24807726
in vitro immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities of tripterygium wilfordii extract.	tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. (tw) is a traditional herbal medicine which has been widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. however, adverse reactions of tw such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been frequently reported in clinic. with the aim to evaluate the potency and toxicity of tw, we collected eleven batches of tw from different localities across chinese mainland, and investigated the inhibition of their methanol extracts on the prolif ...	2015	24845166
vervet mri atlas and label map for fully automated morphometric analyses.	currently available non-human primate templates typically require input of a skull-stripped brain for structural processing. this can be a manually intensive procedure, and considerably limits their utility. the purpose of this study was to create a vervet mri population template, associated tissue probability maps (tpm), and a label atlas to facilitate true fully automated magnetic resonance imaging (mri) structural analyses for morphometric analyses. structural mri scans of ten vervet monkeys ...	2014	24850577
micrornas involved in the lipid metabolism and their possible implications for atherosclerosis development and treatment.	hyperlipidemia is a well-accepted risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. micrornas (mirnas), a novel class of posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, are involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including the regulation of the lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. as our knowledge of mirnas expands, a new class of "circulating mirnas" has recently been described. it includes mirnas which may be found in various bodily fluids packaged in microvesicles ...	2014	24876669
in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated fabaceae tree species leads to potentially useful extracts in animal health and productivity.	the fabaceae family is the second largest family of medicinal plants, containing more than 490 species which are being used as traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity as well as the cytotoxicity of acetone leaf extracts of nine tree species from the fabaceae family that have not been investigated well previously for possible use in animal health and production.	2014	24885143
fire and home range expansion: a behavioral response to burning among savanna dwelling vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	the behavioral adaptations of primates to fire-modified landscapes are of considerable interest to anthropologists because fire is fundamental to life in the african savanna-the setting in which genus homo evolved. here we report the behavioral responses of a savanna-dwelling primate, vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops), to fire-induced ecological change. using behavioral and spatial data to characterize ranging patterns prior to and postburn and between burn and nonburn years, we show that th ...	2014	24889076
social roles in captive vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).	behavior clusters were identified through factor analysis of individual behavior profiles over time and across groups of different composition in a captive vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) colony. the six resulting factors were assessed through examination of (1) the behaviors contributing to each factor, (2) the properties of the factors across groups, and (3) the distribution of individuals along the factor dimensions. three of the clusters were judged to represent the social rol ...	1978	24895872
identification of 32 major histocompatibility complex class i alleles in african green monkeys.	the african green monkey may be an ideal replacement for the rhesus monkey in biomedical research, but relatively little is known about the genetic background of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. in analysis of 12 african green monkeys, 13 chae-a and 19 chae-b alleles were identified. among these alleles, 12 chae-a and 9 chae-b were new lineages. the full amino acid length deduced for chae-a genes is 365 amino acids, but for chae-b genes, the lengths are 365, 362, 361, an ...	2014	24899078
interactions with dcaf1 and ddb1 in the crl4 e3 ubiquitin ligase are required for vpr-mediated g2 arrest.	hiv-1 vpr-mediated g2 cell cycle arrest is dependent on the interaction of vpr with an e3 ubiquitin ligase that contains damage-specific dna binding protein 1 (ddb1), cullin 4a (cul4a), ddb1 and cul4-associated factor 1 (dcaf1), and rbx1. vpr is thought to associate directly with dcaf1 in the e3 ubiquitin ligase complex although the exact interaction pattern of the proteins in the complex is not completely defined. the vpr of sivagm induces g2 arrest of cognate african green monkey (agm) cells b ...	2014	24912982
inhibition of control role behaviors in captive vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).	a captive vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) colony was divided into subgroups to determine the influence of the control male and the control female on the expression of control role behaviors in other group members. separation from the control male invariably caused an increase in the control male factor score for other adult and subadult males in the colony, and reunion caused a decline to baseline. separation from the control female produced no consistent behavioral effect in othe ...	1979	24924980
nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon in a vervet monkey (cholorocebous aethiops).	diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (dnlh) of gastrointestinal tract is regarded as a very rare disease in the adult population. it is characterized by presence of diffuse detectable small polypoid masses distributed in the small intestine, colon, or both.	2014	24930866
anti-tumor effects of flavonoids from the ethnic medicine docynia delavayi (franch.) schneid. and its possible mechanism.	this study investigated the active components and the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanisms of the flavonoids from docynia delavayi (franch.) schneid. (dds). mtt assay was used to examine the growth inhibitory effects of the four flavonoids, including chrysin, quercetin, naringenin, and avicularin that were isolated from the rhizome of dds, on human hematomas cell (hepg2), esophageal carcinoma cell (ec109), human cervical adenocarcinoma cell (hela), human colon adenocarcinoma cell (sw480), and afri ...	2014	24940817
decreased global dna methylation in the white blood cells of high fat diet fed vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	epigenetic mechanisms are associated with the development of many chronic diseases and due to their reversible nature offer a unique window of opportunity to reverse the disease phenotype. this study investigated whether global dna methylation correlates with dysglycemia in the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). diet-induced changes in dna methylation were observed where global dna methylation was twofold lower in monkeys fed a high fat diet (n = 10) compared to monkeys fed a standard diet (n ...	2014	24943073
cytopathic effects of toxogenic strains of helicobacter pylori on different cell lines.	many virulence factors are involved in the pathomechanism of infection caused by helicobacter pylori. toxins such as vacuolating cytotoxin, encoded by the vaca gene and the immunogenic protein caga, encoded by the caga gene (cytotoxin-associated gene) are major factors conferring the property of virulence. the current study is aimed at isolation of h. pylori and separation of its toxin from antral biopsies of patients.	2014	24943747
therapeutic treatment of nipah virus infection in nonhuman primates with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody.	nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe and often fatal disease in pigs and humans. there are currently no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. studies in small-animal models of niv infection suggest that antibody therapy may be a promising treatment. however, most studies have assessed treatment at times shortly after virus exposure before animals show signs of disease. we assessed the efficacy of a fully human monoclonal antibody, m102.4, at several ...	2014	24964990
dietary cholesterol promotes adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation in visceral, but not in subcutaneous, fat in monkeys.	excessive caloric intake is associated with obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction. however, the role of dietary cholesterol in this process is unknown. the aim of this study was to determine whether increasing dietary cholesterol intake alters adipose tissue cholesterol content, adipocyte size, and endocrine function in nonhuman primates.	2014	24969772
homeostatic cytokines induce cd4 downregulation in african green monkeys independently of antigen exposure to generate simian immunodeficiency virus-resistant cd8αα t cells.	african green monkeys (agms; genus chlorocebus) are a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivagm). as they do not develop simian aids, there is great interest in understanding how this species has evolved to avoid immunodeficiency. adult african green monkeys naturally have low numbers of cd4 t cells and a large population of major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted cd8α(dim) t cells that are generated through cd4 downregulation in cd4(+) t cells. mechanisms that drive thi ...	2014	24991011
innate immune responses and rapid control of inflammation in african green monkeys treated or not with interferon-alpha during primary sivagm infection.	chronic immune activation (ia) is considered as the driving force of cd4(+) t cell depletion and aids. fundamental clues in the mechanisms that regulate ia could lie in natural hosts of siv, such as african green monkeys (agms). here we investigated the role of innate immune cells and ifn-α in the control of ia in agms. agms displayed significant nk cell activation upon sivagm infection, which was correlated with the levels of ifn-α. moreover, we detected cytotoxic nk cells in lymph nodes during ...	2014	24991927
hiv replication in conjunction with granzyme b production by ccr5+ memory cd4 t cells: implications for bystander cell and tissue pathologies.	granzyme b (grzb) is expressed by activated t cells and mediates cellular apoptosis. grzb also acts as an extracellular protease involved in tissue degradation. we hypothesized that grzb production from activated memory cd4 t cells may be associated with hiv pathogenesis. we found that stimulated memory cd4 t cells (via costimulation, cytokines, and tlr ligands) concomitantly produced grzb and hiv. both grzb and hiv expression were mainly restricted to ccr5-expressing memory cd4+cd45ro+ t cells, ...	2014	24999042
the neutralizing capacity of antibodies elicited by parainfluenza virus infection of african green monkeys is dependent on complement.	the african green monkey (agm) model was used to analyze the role of complement in neutralization of parainfluenza virus. parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) and human parainfluenza virus type 2 were effectively neutralized in vitro by naïve agm sera, but neutralizing capacity was lost by heat-inactivation. the mechanism of neutralization involved formation of massive aggregates, with no evidence of virion lysis. following inoculation of the respiratory tract with a piv5 vector expressing hiv gp160, ag ...	2014	25010267
acute hantavirus infection induces galectin-3-binding protein.	hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that cause life-threatening diseases when transmitted to humans. severe hantavirus infection is manifested by impairment of renal function, pulmonary oedema and capillary leakage. both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. here, we showed that galectin-3-binding protein (gal-3bp) was upregulated as a result of hantavirus infection both in vitro and in vivo. gal-3bp is a secret ...	2014	25013204
construction of an infectious clone of simian foamy virus of japanese macaque (sfvjm) and phylogenetic analyses of sfvjm isolates.	foamy viruses belong to the genus spumavirus of the family retroviridae and have been isolated from many mammalian species. it was reported that simian foamy viruses (sfvs) have co-evolved with host species. in this study, we isolated four strains (wk1, wk2, ar1 and ar2) of sfv (named sfvjm) from japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in main island honshu of japan. we constructed an infectious molecular clone of sfvjm strain wk1, termed pjm356. the virus derived from the clone replicated and induce ...	2014	25017058
micrornas as potential biomarkers for vero cell tumorigenicity.	microrna expression appears to capture the process of neoplastic development in vitro in the vero line of african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells (teferedegne et al. plos one 2010;5(12):e14416). in that study, specific mirna signatures were correlated with the transition, during serial tissue-culture passage, of low-density passaged 10-87 vero cells from a non-tumorigenic phenotype at passage (p) 148 to a tumorigenic phenotype at p256. in the present study, six mirnas (mir-376a, mir-654-3p, mir ...	2014	25024114
primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal lactobacillus dominance.	bacterial communities colonizing the reproductive tracts of primates (including humans) impact the health, survival and fitness of the host, and thereby the evolution of the host species. despite their importance, we currently have a poor understanding of primate microbiomes. the composition and structure of microbial communities vary considerably depending on the host and environmental factors. we conducted comparative analyses of the primate vaginal microbiome using pyrosequencing of the 16s r ...	2014	25036926
a new phenalenone derivative from the soil fungus penicillium herquei psu-rspg93.	one new phenalenone derivative, peniciherqueinone (1), together with five known phenalenone derivatives (2-6), one known anthraquinone (7) and two known acetophenones (8 and 9) were isolated from the soil fungus penicillium herquei psu-rspg93. their structures were established by spectroscopic evidence. the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by anisotropic effect and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. compound 2 exhibited mild antioxidant activity and is noncytotoxic to vero (af ...	2014	25079041
infection dynamics of sylvatic dengue virus in a natural primate host, the african green monkey.	the four serotypes of mosquito-borne dengue virus (denv-1, -2, -3, and -4) that circulate in humans each emerged from an enzootic, sylvatic cycle in non-human primates. herein, we present the first study of sylvatic denv infection dynamics in a primate. three african green monkeys were inoculated with 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) denv-2 strain pm33974 from the sylvatic cycle, and one african green monkey was inoculated with 10(5) pfu denv-2 strain new guinea c from the human cycle. all four ...	2014	25092823
attenuation of human respiratory syncytial virus by genome-scale codon-pair deoptimization.	human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory-tract disease worldwide. a vaccine or generally effective antiviral drug is not yet available. we designed new live attenuated rsv vaccine candidates by codon-pair deoptimization (cpd). specifically, viral orfs were recoded by rearranging existing synonymous codons to increase the content of underrepresented codon pairs. amino acid coding was completely unchanged. four cpd rsv genomes were ...	2014	25157129
biocontrol of aspergillus species on peanut kernels by antifungal diketopiperazine producing bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode.	the rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode associated bacillus cereus and the antifungal compounds produced by this bacterium were evaluated for their activity in reducing postharvest decay of peanut kernels caused by aspergillus species in in vitro and in vivo tests. the results showed that b. cereus had a significant effect on biocontrol effectiveness in in vitro and in vivo conditions. the antifungal compounds produced by the b. cereus were purified using silica gel column chromatography and the ...	2014	25157831
use of slam and pvrl4 and identification of pro-hb-egf as cell entry receptors for wild type phocine distemper virus.	signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) has been identified as an immune cell receptor for the morbilliviruses, measles (mv), canine distemper (cdv), rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (pprv) viruses, while cd46 is a receptor for vaccine strains of mv. more recently poliovirus like receptor 4 (pvrl4), also known as nectin 4, has been identified as a receptor for mv, cdv and pprv on the basolateral surface of polarised epithelial cells. pvrl4 is also up-regulated by mv in human br ...	2014	25171206
tissue myeloid cells in siv-infected primates acquire viral dna through phagocytosis of infected t cells.	the viral accessory protein vpx, expressed by certain simian and human immunodeficiency viruses (sivs and hivs), is thought to improve viral infectivity of myeloid cells. we infected 35 asian macaques and african green monkeys with viruses that do or do not express vpx and examined viral targeting of cells in vivo. while lack of vpx expression affected viral dynamics in vivo, with decreased viral loads and infection of cd4⁺ t cells, vpx expression had no detectable effect on infectivity of myelo ...	2014	25238099
the genome landscape of the african green monkey kidney-derived vero cell line.	continuous cell lines that originate from mammalian tissues serve as not only invaluable tools for life sciences, but also important animal cell substrates for the production of various types of biological pharmaceuticals. vero cells are susceptible to various types of microbes and toxins and have widely contributed to not only microbiology, but also the production of vaccines for human use. we here showed the genome landscape of a vero cell line, in which 25,877 putative protein-coding genes we ...	2014	25267831
transcriptome reconstruction and annotation of cynomolgus and african green monkey.	non-human primates (nhps) and humans share major biological mechanisms, functions, and responses due to their close evolutionary relationship and, as such, provide ideal animal models to study human diseases. rna expression in nhps provides specific signatures that are informative of disease mechanisms and therapeutic modes of action. unlike the human transcriptome, the transcriptomes of major nhp animal models are yet to be comprehensively annotated.	2014	25277458
molecular epidemiology of measles virus infection in shanghai in 2000-2012: the first appearance of genotype d8.	the purpose of this study was to identify measles virus in shanghai in 2012 and study the genotype trend of measles virus epidemic strains during 2000-2012.	2014	25281832
alginate/gum acacia bipolymeric nanohydrogels--promising carrier for zinc oxide nanoparticles.	zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) are known to be effective against a wide array of microorganisms. at nanoscale, they have higher toxicity and they need to be rendered less toxic and more biocompatible. to achieve this, zno nps were incorporated in nanohydrogel particles made out of sodium alginate/gum acacia and cross-linker glutaraldehyde in order to ensure their gradual and sustained release instead of burst release, and hence lowering their toxicity. the particles synthesized were in the n ...	2015	25304751
g2/m cell cycle arrest correlates with primate lentiviral vpr interaction with the slx4 complex.	the accessory gene vpr, common to all primate lentiviruses, induces potent g2/m arrest in cycling cells. a recent study showed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) viral protein r (vpr) mediates this through activation of the slx4/mus81/eme1 exonuclease complex that forms part of the fanconi anemia dna repair pathway. to confirm these observations, we have examined the g2/m arrest phenotypes of a panel of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) vpr proteins. we show that siv vpr proteins ...	2015	25320300
quantitative proteomics for cardiac biomarker discovery using isoproterenol-treated nonhuman primates.	to identify new cardiac biomarkers, a quantitative proteomic analysis has been performed on serum and heart tissue proteins from three species of nonhuman primates following isoproterenol (iso) treatment. three serum proteins--serum amyloid a (saa), α-1-acid glycoprotein (a1ag), and apolipoprotein a-1 (apo a1)--were consistently identified as changed and remained altered 72 h post dose in all three species post iso treatment, indicating the potential of including these proteins in preclinical or ...	2014	25345801
modulation of type i interferon-associated viral sensing during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection in african green monkeys.	natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), such as african green monkeys (agms), do not progress to aids when infected with siv. this is associated with an absence of a chronic type i interferon (ifn-i) signature. it is unclear how the ifn-i response is downmodulated in agms. we longitudinally assessed the capacity of agm blood cells to produce ifn-i in response to siv and herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. phenotypes and functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) and other m ...	2015	25355871
in cos cells vpu can both stabilize tetherin expression and counteract its antiviral activity.	the interferon-inducible cellular protein tetherin (cd317/bst-2) inhibits the release of a broad range of enveloped viruses. the hiv-1 accessory protein vpu enhances virus particle release by counteracting this host restriction factor. while the antagonism of human tetherin by vpu has been associated with both proteasomal and lysosomal degradation, the link between vpu-mediated tetherin degradation and the ability of vpu to counteract the antiviral activity of tetherin remains poorly understood. ...	2014	25360760
an agm model for changes in complement during pregnancy: neutralization of influenza virus by serum is diminished in late third trimester.	pregnant women in the third trimester are at increased risk of severe influenza disease relative to the general population, though mechanisms behind this are not completely understood. the immune response to influenza infection employs both complement (c') and antibody (ab). the relative contributions of these components to the anti-viral response are difficult to dissect because most humans have pre-existing influenza-specific abs. we developed the african green monkey (agm) as a tractable nonh ...	2014	25409303
treatment with anti-c5a antibody improves the outcome of h7n9 virus infection in african green monkeys.	patients infected with influenza a(h7n9) virus present with acute lung injury (ali) that is due to severe pneumonia and systemic inflammation. it is often fatal because there are few effective treatment options. complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of virus-induced lung injury; therefore, we investigated the effect of targeted complement inhibition on ali induced by h7n9 virus infection.	2015	25433014
replication of live attenuated cold-adapted h2n2 influenza virus vaccine candidates in non human primates.	the development of an h2n2 vaccine is a priority in pandemic preparedness planning. we previously showed that a single dose of a cold-adapted (ca) h2n2 live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) based on the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (aa ca) virus was immunogenic and efficacious in mice and ferrets. however, in a phase i clinical trial, viral replication was restricted and immunogenicity was poor. in this study, we compared the replication of four h2n2 laiv candidate viruses, aa ca, a/tecumseh/3/ ...	2015	25444799
a polymorphism of the tim-1 igv domain: implications for the susceptibility to filovirus infection.	filoviruses, including ebola and marburg viruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates with mortality rates of up to 90%. human t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (tim-1) is one of the host proteins that have been shown to promote filovirus entry into cells. in this study, we cloned tim-1 genes from three different african green monkey kidney cell lines (vero e6, cos-1, and bsc-1) and found that tim-1 of vero e6 had a 23-amino acid deletion and 6 amino acid substi ...	2014	25449273
characterization of cellular immune response and innate immune signaling in human and nonhuman primate primary mononuclear cells exposed to burkholderia mallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei infection causes melioidosis and is often characterized by severe sepsis. although rare in humans, burkholderia mallei has caused infections in laboratory workers, and the early innate cellular response to b. mallei in human and nonhuman primates has not been characterized. in this study, we examined the primary cellular immune response to b. mallei in pbmc cultures of non-human primates (nhps), chlorocebus aethiops (african green monkeys), macaca fascicularis (cynomolg ...	2015	25450887
evaluation of cells and biological reagents for adventitious agents using degenerate primer pcr and massively parallel sequencing.	we employed a massively parallel sequencing (mps)-based approach to test reagents and model cell substrates including chinese hamster ovary (cho), madin-darby canine kidney (mdck), african green monkey kidney (vero), and high five insect cell lines for adventitious agents. rna and dna were extracted either directly from the samples or from viral capsid-enriched preparations, and then subjected to mps-based non-specific virus detection with degenerate oligonucleotide primer (dop) pcr. mps by 454, ...	2014	25454874
suppression of production of baboon endogenous virus by dominant negative mutants of cellular factors involved in multivesicular body sorting pathway.	baboon endogenous virus (baev) is an infectious endogenous gammaretrovirus isolated from a baboon placenta. baev-related sequences have been identified in both old world monkeys and african apes, but not in humans or asian apes. recently, it was reported that baev-like particles were produced from vero cells derived from african green monkeys by chemical induction, and thus baev-like particles may contaminate biological products manufactured using vero cells. in this study, we constructed an inf ...	2015	25463055
primate lentiviruses are differentially inhibited by interferon-induced transmembrane proteins.	interferon-induced transmembrane (ifitm) proteins inhibit the entry of a large number of viruses. not surprisingly, many viruses are refractory to this inhibition. in this study, we report that different strains of hiv and siv are inhibited by human ifitm proteins to various degrees, with siv of african green monkeys (siv(agm)) being mostly restricted by human ifitm2. interestingly, siv(agm) is as much inhibited by human ifitm2 as by ifitm3 of its own host african green monkeys. our data further ...	2015	25463599
high frequency of merkel cell polyomavirus dna in the urine of kidney transplant recipients and healthy controls.	polyomavirus (pyv) infection is common, ranging from 60% to 100% depending on the virus. the urinary excretion rates of jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) have been extensively studied, but less is known about the more recently discovered pyvs.	2014	25467862
first report of toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught caribbean african green monkeys.	toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals. humans can become infected by ingesting infective oocysts from the environment or contaminated food or water, or by ingesting tissue cysts in undercooked infected meat or by handling infected meat. caribbean african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus) are present in large numbers on the island of st. kitts in the caribbean, and it is not uncommon for these animals to be trapped and eaten by islanders. the ai ...	2014	25491011
molecular characterization of a new mosaic simian immunodeficiency virus in a naturally infected tantalus monkey (chlorocebus tantalus) from cameroon: a challenge to the virus-host co-evolution of sivagm in african green monkeys.	african green monkeys (agms) represent the most widely distributed non-human primates species in africa. sivagm naturally infects four of the 6 agms species at high prevalence in a species-specific manner. to date, only limited information is available on molecular characteristics of sivagm infecting chlorocebus tantalus. here, we characterized the full-length genome of a virus infecting a naturally infected captive c. tantalus from cameroon by amplifying and sequencing sub-genomic pcr fragments ...	2015	25500294
wild vervet monkeys copy alternative methods for opening an artificial fruit.	experimental studies of animal social learning in the wild remain rare, especially those that employ the most discriminating tests in which alternative means to complete naturalistic tasks are seeded in different groups. we applied this approach to wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) using an artificial fruit ('vervetable') opened by either lifting a door panel or sliding it left or right. in one group, a trained model lifted the door, and in two others, the model slid it either left or r ...	2015	25539772
development of a novel miniplex dna identification system for the japanese population.	to aid dna identification using 36 short tandem repeat (str) loci for kinship analysis, likelihood ratio (lr) distributions were estimated using the allele frequency data evaluated for the japanese population in our previous study. the results revealed that the lr tended to be higher when kinship analysis was performed using the 36 str loci than when the analysis was performed using identifiler®, the most commonly used commercial dna typing kit in japan, even when a sibship case was analyzed. ho ...	2015	25596639
resistance of klebsiella pneumoniae to the innate immune system of african green monkeys.	in recent years, an emergent klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. in this project, bacteria recovered from infected african green monkeys (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were screened for hmv phenotype, and were compared to non-hmv isolates in in vitro, serum, and oxidative-mediated killing assays. complement-mediated killing was assessed utilizing freshly collected serum from healthy agm. oxi ...	2015	25614101
ocular biocompatibility of polyquaternium 10 gel: functional and morphological results.	this paper deals with the characterization study of topical and intraocular biocompatibility and toxicity of cationic hydroxyethylcellulose polyquaternium 10 (pq10). it also evaluates the rheological properties of gels. the cytotoxicity assays were done in two cell lines: hep-2 and vero (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell and african green monkey kidney cells respectively). for the in vivo study, new zealand albino rabbits were used. the in vitro cytotoxic activity of pq10 shows no statistic ...	2015	25631258
refinement of a protocol for the induction of lactation in nonpregnant nonhuman primates by using exogenous hormone treatment.	obtaining sufficient quantities of milk from nhp is necessary for pharmacologic and immunologic studies required for the development and safety assessment of drugs and vaccines to be used in the maternal-infant setting. we previously induced lactation in nonpregnant female rhesus macaques (rm, macaca mulatta) and african green monkeys (agm, chlorocebus sabaeus) for studies of immune responses in milk, but the volume collected was variable. to improve lactation induction protocols for nonbreeding ...	2014	25650978
african green monkey trim5α restriction in simian immunodeficiency virus-specific rhesus macaque effector cd4 t cells enhances their survival and antiviral function.	the expression of xenogeneic trim5α proteins can restrict infection in various retrovirus/host cell pairings. previously, we have shown that african green monkey trim5α (agmtrim5α) potently restricts both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 (siv(mac239)) replication in a transformed human t-cell line (l. v. coren, et al., retrovirology 12:11, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-015-0137-9). to assess agmtrim5α restriction in primary cells, we t ...	2015	25653448
prrsv receptors and their roles in virus infection.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a restricted cell tropism and prefers to invade well-differentiated cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, such as pulmonary alveolar macrophages and african green monkey kidney cell line ma-104 and its derivatives, such as marc-145, vero and cl-2621. prrsv infection of the host cells actually is a receptor-mediated endocytosis and replication process. the presence and absence of the cellular receptors decide whether the cell lin ...	2015	25666932
inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) regulatory region variation in non-human primates.	inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) is an enzyme that plays a key role in intracellular immune response against respiratory infections. since various species of nonhuman primates exhibit different levels of susceptibility to infectious respiratory diseases, and since variation in regulatory regions of genes is thought to play a key role in expression levels of genes, two candidate regulatory regions of inos were mapped, sequenced, and compared across five species of nonhuman primates: african ...	2015	25675838
detailed analysis of the african green monkey model of nipah virus disease.	henipaviruses are implicated in severe and frequently fatal pneumonia and encephalitis in humans. there are no approved vaccines or treatments available for human use, and testing of candidates requires the use of well-characterized animal models that mimic human disease. we performed a comprehensive and statistically-powered evaluation of the african green monkey model to define parameters critical to disease progression and the extent to which they correlate with human disease. african green m ...	2015	25706617
a kunjin replicon virus-like particle vaccine provides protection against ebola virus infection in nonhuman primates.	the current unprecedented outbreak of ebola virus (ebov) disease in west africa has demonstrated the urgent need for a vaccine. here, we describe the evaluation of an ebov vaccine candidate based on kunjin replicon virus-like particles (kun vlps) encoding ebov glycoprotein with a d637l mutation (gp/d637l) in nonhuman primates. four african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were injected subcutaneously with a dose of 10(9) kun vlps per animal twice with an interval of 4 weeks, and animals we ...	2015	25732811