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retinal manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids): cytomegalovirus, candida albicans, cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii.the ocular manifestations of 34 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), are reviewed. cytomegalovirus retinitis was seen in 18 patients, cotton wool spots were observed in 11 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; fungal retinitis and toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis were each seen in 2 patients. a review of literature regarding aids is included.19836320505
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and steroids.fourteen of 156 renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and steroids developed pneumocystis carinii-related pneumonia (pcp) over a 19-month period. this was a significant change from past experience with this disease in renal-transplant patients receiving azathioprine and steroids (six cases among 179 patients from 1977 to 1981). epidemiological investigation failed to implicate either person-to-person or nosocomial spread of infection. cases of pcp occurred more frequently in male ...19846321606
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) trends in the united states, 1978-1982.this report summarizes results of surveillance for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states by the centers for disease control through the first quarter of 1983. surveillance has been predominantly passive, supplemented by active follow-up of requests to the centers for disease control for pentamidine isethionate for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the 1,299 reported cases showed trends of increasing incidence among all risk groups: homosexual men (72 perc ...19846322585
pneumocystis carinii: oxygen uptake, antioxidant enzymes, and susceptibility to oxygen-mediated damage.the ability of pneumocystis carinii obtained by alveolar lavage of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis to utilize molecular oxygen, the concentrations of selected antioxidant enzymes, and the susceptibility of p. carinii to in vitro killing by oxygen radical-generating systems have been evaluated. as expected of an organism which has been found to convert radiolabeled glucose to co2, the parasite utilizes molecular oxygen. no evidence for pathways of oxygen utilization other than the ...19846323317
coccidioidomycosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. depressed humoral as well as cellular immunity.progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis has not been previously reported in the setting of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). a patient with aids, progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and disseminated cytomegalovirus is described. diagnosis of these opportunistic pathogens was made by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. results of traditional complement fixation serologic testing for cytomegalovirus were negative; however, the mor ...19846324591
opportunistic infection complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clinical features of 25 cases.twenty-five cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) complicated by opportunistic infections were diagnosed at lenox hill hospital during an 18 month period and followed for at least 1 year or until the patients' deaths. twenty-three patients were homosexual men, including 1 i.v. drug user, and 2 were heterosexual i.v. drug users, including the sole woman. seventy infections were diagnosed. the commonest etiologic agents included candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus ...19846325849
acquired immune deficiency syndrome: postmortem findings.the autopsies of 13 male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. all patients had laboratory evidence of cellular immune dysfunction. the most common diagnoses made were disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in 12 patients and kaposi's sarcoma in 10. all patients infected with cytomegalovirus had pulmonary compromise. the adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tract also were involved often by cytomegalovirus. cytomegalovirus infection of organs uncommonly affect ...19846326563
murine cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii. 19846327837
[autopsy case of adult t-cell leukemia complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and generalized cytomegalic inclusion body disease]. 19836328087
opportunistic infections in endogenous cushing's syndrome.the cases of 6 patients with endogenous cushing's syndrome and opportunistic infections were studied, and compared with those of 17 similar patients reported in the literature. cushing's syndrome was caused by ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone production or adrenal tumors in most patients, and hypercortisolism was extreme. four infectious processes were preponderant: cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, nocardiosis, or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in 21 patients. signs and symptoms of in ...19846331781
rapidly progressing rheumatoid arthritis: an example of polyclonal b-cell activation?we report the case of a 76-year old woman who presented with a palindromic onset of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. after suffering from a fulminant pulmonary infection she developed serologic tests for ornitosis, mycoplasma, pneumocystis carinii and low titer yersinia. also the rheumatoid factor titer increased and the antinuclear antibody test became positive. clinically, the course of a rather benign polyarthritis changed into a rapidly progressive deforming disease. the course was also co ...19846331972
five-year absence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in a pediatric oncology center. 19846332155
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a problem revisited. 19846332188
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of one case.the lung and axillary lymph node biopsies of a 33-year-old male drug-abuser with clinical and immunologic evidences of aids were studied by light and electron microscopy. encysted pneumocystis carinii organisms with attached membranous expansions and virus-like particles were demonstrated in the alveolar spaces and, occasionally, in macrophages. the lymph node biopsy revealed areas of angioimmunoblastic proliferation associated with lymphocytic depletion of the interfollicular zones. tubuloretic ...19846332199
effect of t-cell transfer on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.the effect of transfer of spleen lymphocytes from euthymic heterozygote littermates (nu/+) or rabbit antiserum on pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) infection in nude (nu/nu) mice was investigated. after intravenous administration of nu/+ spleen t-cells, the number of cysts in the lung of previously infected mice was markedly decreased at day 14 and further at day 30. intense cellular reactions were seen at day 14 and subsided lesions at day 30. increased igg antibody titers were observed at days ...19846332219
experimental pneumocystis carinii infection in nude rats.the role of cell-mediated and humoral immunities to pneumocystis carinii infection was studied on athymic nude rats and their heterozygous euthymic littermates inoculated intranasally with 10(6) cysts. some of both groups were injected subcutaneously with cortisone (25 mg) twice a week. at 30 and 60 days postinoculation a large number of cysts were detected in the lung of cortisone treated euthymic rats as well as athymic rats with or without cortisone treatment. igg antibody appeared in all gro ...19846332220
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an international health problem of increasing importance.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a new disease which first appeared in human populations about 1979. the disease is defined by the development of unusual types of cancer (e.g. kaposi's sarcoma), or severe cellular immunodeficiency manifested by opportunistic infections (e.g. pneumocystis carinii infection), or both. although the etiology of aids is unknown, the epidemiologic evidence is consistent with an infectious agent transmitted by blood (e.g. transfusion, needle sharing) o ...19846332236
[the first case of aids in the tyrol].this case report deals with a description of the first case of aids in tirol. our patient was an intravenous drug abuser and presented with both opportunistic infections (candidiasis, interstitial pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii) and with kaposi's sarcoma. he died within 4 weeks as a result of staphylococcal septicaemia refractory to intensive chemotherapy.19846332427
disseminated histoplasmosis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.disseminated histoplasmosis developed in a previously healthy man as the initial manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. following apparently successful therapy with intravenous amphotericin b, he presented two months later with a subacute pneumonitis syndrome diagnosed by bronchoscopy as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he showed response to intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with resolution of his symptoms and clearing of chest radiographic findings. while he was receiv ...19846332532
lymphocyte changes during chronic administration of and withdrawal from corticosteroids: relation to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.corticosteroids were administered for up to 8 wk in adult lewis rats to provoke pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed at different body sites with monoclonal antibodies by flow microfluorometry in a fluorescence activated cell sorter. the rats became chronically ill, debilitated, and exhibited marked involution of all lymphoid tissues. the lymphocytopenia was characterized in peripheral blood by a large fall in the frequency of t helper cells, and in the lungs by a ...19846332853
clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the courses of 19 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. compared with previous reviews of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without aids, pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with aids often has a more prolonged clinical prodrome, with pulmonary symptoms occurring for an average of 3 wk prior to presentation, and often has a slower response to therapy, with radiographic and blood gas improvement occurring an average ...19846333195
hla-a,b,c and dr antigen frequencies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with opportunistic infections.during the past three years, an epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (aids) involving the presence of specific forms of cancer (notably kaposi's sarcoma) and infection (e.g., pneumocystis carinii) ordinarily seen only in severely immunosuppressed hosts has occurred among active homosexuals, haitian immigrants, drug users, and hemophiliacs in large cities in the united states and elsewhere. an as yet unidentified viral agent is presumably the cause of the initial immunodeficiency and h ...19846333416
pneumocystis carinii in germ-free rats. 19846333469
thoracic manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is characterized by the development of multiple recurrent opportunistic infections or unusual neoplasms in individuals with no prior history of immune suppression. this report summarizes the thoracic diseases encountered in such patients before after death and the role of diagnostic techniques currently used in the evaluation of thoracic disease in 15 patients with this syndrome. efficacy of treatment was determined by correlation with postmortem findings ...19846333556
predisposing factors in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: effects of tetracycline, protein malnutrition, and corticosteroids on hosts.components of the immunosuppressive regimen used to reactivate latent pneumocystis carinii infection were analyzed for their effects on the growth, nutrition, and lymphoid system of hosts. rats that were administered either tetracycline or a low-protein (8%) diet alone for 7 weeks developed few abnormalities, but animals on the combined regimen developed lower body and lymphoid organ weights, lower serum albumin levels, and fewer circulating lymphocytes. rats that were administered corticosteroi ...19846334032
sporogony in pneumocystis carinii: synaptonemal complexes and meiotic nuclear divisions observed in precysts.evidence for meiosis was demonstrated electron microscopically for the first time in pneumocystis carinii in rat alveoli by the observation of synaptonemal complexes followed by nuclear divisions. synaptonemal complexes indicating meiotic nuclear divisions were observed in uninuclear precysts. additionally, owing to the use of tannic acid as a fixative, spindle microtubules were also observed for the first time in the precyst. based on these facts, a new life cycle of the organism is proposed. t ...19846334157
[pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in aids patients]. 19846334349
persistence of pneumocystis carinii in lung tissue of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients treated for pneumocystis pneumonia.eleven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were studied by repeat bronchoscopy during pcp treatment to assess histologic evidence of resolution of the pneumonia. nine of 10 patients studied after 8 to 21 days of therapy demonstrated evidence of persistent pcp. four of 6 patients studied after 22 to 35 days of therapy continued to demonstrate pneumocystis carinii cysts on repeat examination, while only 1 of 4 patients studied after 35 d ...19846334462
correlation between gallium lung scans and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.we retrospectively examined the sensitivity and specificity of gallium lung scans for detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 22 patients with known or suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome. correlations were made between bronchoscopic results and gallium scan findings interpreted using a simple system (normal or abnormal) and a graded score (1 to 4). all 12 patients with pneumocystis had abnormal scans by both interpretations (sensitivity, 100%). five of these 12 patients had normal ...19846334463
assay of plaque forming cells during infection with pneumocystis carinii. 19846334649
pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in adults with malignancy, infection, or pulmonary disease.a counterimmunoelectrophoresis test for pneumocystis carinii antigenemia was employed to assess the extent of subclinical infection or colonization with this agent in adults with infection, pulmonary disease, or malignancy and in healthy homosexual men. antigenemia was detected in 6 of 208 (3%) of normal controls, 3 of 28 (11%) of patients with pulmonary infection, 3 of 33 (9%) of those with chronic lung disease, 1 of 36 (3%) of patients with lung cancer, 7 of 271 (3%) of afebrile subjects with ...19846334694
mortality associated with mode of presentation in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.a population-based survival study was done for all cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome diagnosed in the city of san francisco through may 1983. follow-up was obtained for 165 of 173 diagnosed cases. median survival among 75 patients presenting with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) alone was 21 months. median survival among 90 patients presenting with opportunistic infections, primarily pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, was 9 months; survival at 21 months was zero. survival among patients present ...19846334770
efficacy of diaminodiphenylsulfone and other drugs in murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.the purpose of this study was to identify new drugs for the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) induced in rats by continuous daily dosage with dexamethasone. initially, test drugs were administered prophylactically as a screen for efficacy. drugs were selected because of their known activity against certain protozoa and their tolerance in human usage. doses were based on previous studies in rats or estimated from usage in humans and lower animals. allopurinol (50 ...19846335017
[two cases of adult t cell leukemia complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19846335187
"pneumocystis carinii"--a misunderstood enigma. 19846335431
study of pneumocystis carinii infection in paediatric autopsies (report of 3 cases). 19846335530
lymphadenopathy: endpoint or prodrome? update of a 24-month prospective study.this article presents preliminary 24-month findings from a prospective study initiated in san francisco in 1981 with the following objectives: to refine the clinical definition of the lymphadenopathy syndrome; to compare these patients to patients with category a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with regard to epidemiologic, virologic, and immunologic variables; to follow a cohort of these patients to establish the natural history of the syndrome; and to evaluate screening variables fo ...19846335951
infections due to pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 19846335955
[pathology review. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19836335968
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children. apropos of 33 cases].from 1964 to 1983, thirty-three children have developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (18 boys and 15 girls). the affection appears before 1 year of age in 73% of the cases (mean +/- sd: 6,12 +/- 4,6 months). the predisposing factors for the disease include hypotrophy (7), immune deficiency (26: 79%) (12 congenital and 14 acquired). the thymodependant lymphocytic system is concerned in 15 cases (46%) with only 5 neoplasic origins. the onset of the disease is in the first year of immuno-suppresi ...19846335998
clinical relevance of animal models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19846336147
pneumocystis carinii infection in germ-free rats: implications for human patients.pneumocystis carinii infections have been detected both serologically and histologically in untreated, germ-free and conventional rats killed immediately upon arrival from two commercial sources. pneumocystis antigenemia was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) and antibody was titered by indirect immunofluorescence. the data suggest that 1) p. carinii is enzootic in certain rat colonies; 2) in utero transmission is a distinct possibility; and 3) paucity of cysts does not rule out p. c ...19846336148
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in male prisoners. new insights into an emerging syndrome.between september 1981 and june 1982, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in seven previously healthy young men incarcerated for 5 to 38 months in new york state correctional facilities. all seven patients were anergic, six were lymphopenic, and all developed oral candidiasis. immunologic evaluation in vitro showed profound defects in cellular immune function in patients tested, with inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor t-cell ...19836338788
antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human t-cell leukemia virus in patients with aids.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), which has recently occurred at increasing rates in homosexual men, intravenous drug users, and others, is characterized by the development of kaposi's sarcoma and several opportunistic infections including pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. serum samples from patients with aids and from matched and unmatched control subjects were examined for the presence of antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human t-cell leukemia virus. ni ...19836342136
unusual causes of death in haitians residing in miami. high prevalence of opportunistic infections.twenty-one (100%) haitians and 42 (21.5%) of 192 native black americans autopsied in a 33-month period at jackson memorial hospital, miami, were included in this review. all autopsied materials were examined. among the haitians autopsied, infectious diseases accounted for 11 (52%) of 21 deaths. toxoplasma encephalitis was the leading cause of death (five cases). other infectious causes of death included disseminated cryptococcosis (one), disseminated cytomegalovirus diseases (one), pneumocystis ...19836348327
pneumocystis carinii is an endogenous liposomally modified mitochondrion.pneumocystis carinii was first described over 70 years ago but its taxonomy is still uncertain. doubts have been expressed as to whether pneumocystis carinii is an organism at all; but no coherent alternative has been proposed to account for the pathogenesis of pneumocystosis. consideration of recent observations on pneumocystis, liposomes, pulmonary surfactant and mitochondria leads to the hypothesis that pneumocystis carinii is derived from liposomal change in the type ii pneumocyte mitochondr ...19836348493
a review of the current status and techniques of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for treatment of leukaemia.bone marrow transplantation is now an accepted component in the overall therapy of acute and chronic (myeloid) leukaemia for some selected patients. some of the obstacles to success have been partially overcome. many advances in supportive care have been made. pneumocystis carinii and herpes simplex infections are preventable. effective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract for bacteria and fungi is now readily achievable and may have reduced the risk of serious systemic infections. new ...19836355192
acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the management of associated opportunistic infections.since the spring of 1981, more than 2300 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) have been reported from 41 states to the centers for disease control. cases also have been reported from 20 foreign countries, and reports are increasing at an alarming rate. more than 900 people (approximately 40 percent) have died of this disease. aids is characterized by skin test anergy to recall antigens, decreased t-helper subset, and inverted helper t-cell:suppressor t-cell ratios in the periphera ...19836357687
assessment of therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pcp therapy project group.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been recognized in about 60 percent of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the centers for disease control, in collaboration with 19 medical centers, retrospectively studied 282 biopsy-confirmed cases of p. carinii pneumonia to determine the efficacy and safety of anti-pneumocystis therapy. adult patients with p. carinii pneumonia secondary to aids and to other known causes of immune deficiency were enrolled. aids patients experienced ...19846367458
pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients: diagnosis by cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.thirty pulmonary infiltrates in 26 patients were investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. sixteen of the patients were on therapeutic immunosuppression for renal disease or transplant and 10 had leukaemia, lymphoma, or allied conditions. a rapid specific diagnosis was made in 21 (70%) episodes by cytological examination of the fluid and in 28 (93%) by a combination of cytology and microbiology. no complications from haemorrhage or pneumothorax ensued. pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii was the ...19846368604
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has been reported in more than 2800 persons in the united states (70 per cent of whom are homosexually active men). aids is manifested by impaired cell-mediated immunity that results in various opportunistic infections (especially pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii) or malignant disease (especially disseminated kaposi's sarcoma). the cause is unknown, and effective treatment is not yet available. aids apparently is not highly infectious for pe ...19846369704
reversal of pentamidine-induced hypoglycaemia with oral diazoxide.hypoglycaemia is a common and occasionally life-threatening complication of therapy with pentamidine isethionate. we observed inappropriately elevated insulin levels in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pentamidine-induced hypoglycaemia. oral diazoxide was effective in reversing the marked hypoglycaemia. pentamidine may exert its hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas.19846371261
extrinsic risk factors for pneumonia in the patient at high risk of infection.most nosocomial pathogens cause pneumonia through the following sequence: transit to the patient on the hands of medical personnel or perhaps in food, proliferation in the nasopharynx, and subsequent pulmonary aspiration. there are three exceptional pathogens, each of particular concern as a cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient, which follow atypical routes. important recent advances in understanding these routes permit more rational preventive measures. this report examines the e ...19846372478
treatment of respiratory infections in the patient at risk.therapeutic intervention of varying potency and toxicity is now available for bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pneumonia, but the problem of establishing the precise origin to evaluate treatment protocols remains. antibacterial agents reduce postinfluenzal morbidity and mortality. earlier appropriate treatment of gram-positive coccal infections has reduced mortality to less than 10 percent unless bacteremia is present. gram-negative bacillary pneumonia remains a major problem and response ...19846372480
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. 19846373171
bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed host.the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed patient was studied in 97 patients. in immunosuppressed patients, the available diagnostic procedures are often invasive and have variable yield and a potential for serious complications. bronchoalveolar lavage had an overall diagnostic yield of 66% (61 of 92 diseases). it was most effective in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections, including infection with pneumocystis carinii (18 of 2 ...19846375497
pneumocystis carinii: a misunderstood opportunist. 19846381045
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. a comparative trial of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim v pentamidine in pediatric patients with cancer: report from the children's cancer study group.pentamidine isethionate and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are effective in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed pediatric patient. to compare their efficacy and toxicity, 25 pediatric cancer patients with biopsy-proved p carinii pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive either pentamidine intramuscularly or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim orally for 14 days. no differences in response or frequency of side effects were noted between the two drug regimens, with r ...19846388315
comparison of biopsy-proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and renal allograft recipients.pneumonia unresponsive to antibacterial agents in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has become a new indication for lung biopsy. in 14 patients, transbronchial or open-lung biopsy demonstrated pneumocystis carinii. an additional 12 patients, who were immunosuppressed after renal transplantation, were seen with p. carinii pneumonia. the diagnosis was established by transbronchial biopsy in the majority of patients. all patients were treated initially with trimethoprim plus ...19846388515
analysis of pneumocystis carinii cysts with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.human sera from pneumocystis carinii-infected patients and specific rabbit antisera have antibodies against the cyst form of the organism. lung tissue concentrations from cortisone-treated c3h/hen mice and six open lung biopsy-positive patients were centrifuged and suspended, and immunofluorescent staining was done. we utilized the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to analyze and sort p. carinii cysts from lung homogenates into a morphologically distinct population. a quantitative basis was use ...19846392322
supportive care for children with cancer. guidelines of the childrens cancer study group. use of prophylactic antibiotics.infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving anticancer therapy. children who have severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 100/mm3) for longer than 2 weeks should receive oral antibiotic prophylaxis. at present, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in combination with either nystatin or amphotericin b is the best regimen for reducing the incidence of serious infections. trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is very effective in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneu ...19846393790
evaluation of serologic tests for pneumocystis carinii antibody and antigenemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.sera from 68 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 135 controls were used to evaluate the indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii and a counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay for detection of circulating pneumocystis antigen. none of these assays was helpful in the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. an improved assay for antigenemia is needed to differentiate between clinical and subclinical infection.19846399481
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hemophilia a. 19836403658
pneumocystis pneumonia: importance of gallium scan for early diagnosis and description of a new immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate pneumocystis carinii.pneumocystis pneumonia presented in a homosexual with fever, a normal chest radiograph, and pulmonary gallium uptake. bronchial washings yielded mycobaterium tuberculosis, but despite antituberculosis therapy he remained febrile, and gallium uptake in the lung increased. subsequently, silver stain of transbronchial lung biopsy obtained 2 months earlier at the time that tuberculosis was diagnosed showed many pneumocystis cysts in alveolar spaces. in contrast to pneumocystis cysts in infected lung ...19836408961
severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--new york city. 19846422241
[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes in hemophiliacs: status throughout the world].the occurrence during the last 2 years of 29 cases of aids in hemophiliacs (21 in usa and 8 in europe) suggests possible transmission of this disease by blood products. all these patients had received factor viii or ix concentrates and developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infections. kaposi's sarcoma was not observed in any patient. recent studies have focused on the frequency of aids-related complex in hemophiliacs, which may arise as a crucial problem. however this d ...19846438770
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. a prospective study among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a protozoal infection that, in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), is often lethal and unresponsive to conventional therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine. in the present study, we have prospectively assessed the use of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in the treatment of p carinii pneumonia in patients with aids who were intolerant or unresponsive to conventional drugs. improv ...19846440364
antibody against encephalitozoon cuniculi in swedish homosexual men.sera of 30 swedish homosexual men belonging to the group at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were examined for antibodies against various opportunistic parasites. antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in 33%, to pneumocystis carinii in 43%, and to toxoplasma gondii in 37%. the results indicate that e. cuniculi might be transmitted among homosexual men.19846442007
[aids in switzerland].around 4000 cases of aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) have been recorded worldwide. in switzerland 18 cases has been reported to the federal office of public health up to february 1, 1984, of whom 15 were men and 3 women. up to now 16 of the patients have died. 9 of the people involved were homosexuals and 6 africans, but none of them was a haemophiliac or drug addict. four patients were not in a definable risk group. most of the aids patients had stayed in the usa, haiti or equatorial ...19846474116
systemic lupus erythematosus and invasive thymoma: report of two cases.two cases of invasive thymoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) are described. in both instances the suspected diagnosis of a mediastinal tumour proved difficult to confirm. neither surgical removal of the thymoma in one case nor irradiation in the other had any apparent clinical or serological effect on the course of the sle. both patients subsequently suffered from respiratory problems and the distinction between recurrent tumour and pulmonary involvement by sle proved diffic ...19846524985
[a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in a homosexual].there is increasing number of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and in france there have been about 100 cases. the authors report one case who died within 10 months. the patient presented a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, extensive peri-anal herpes, gastro-intestinal candidiasis and, in the final stage, severe diarrhoea. in the context of this case, the authors review the principal manifestations of this new clinical entity.19846545468
severe infections in childhood leukemia. a follow-up study of 100 consecutive all patients.severe infections during the course of childhood all were surveyed as a whole in 100 consecutive patients, followed up for 2-8.5 years from the all diagnosis. the most important findings were a total absence of disseminated candidiasis, a relative infrequency of gram-negative septicemia (8 episodes), and a predominance of gram-positive cocci (29 episodes) in the 48 verified septicemias. s. aureus was responsible for 50% of culture-positive septicemias. the gram-positive predominance depended pro ...19846589942
malignancies in the aids patient: natural history, treatment strategies, and preliminary results.almost 40% of the 3000 us patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have a malignancy at the time of reporting, and the incidence of aids patients who develop a malignancy during the course of the disease may be 65-70%. 2 types of malignancies have been noted with increased frequency in aids victims: kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphomas. about 35% of all aids patients and 50% of homosexual or bisexual victims have developed kaposi's sarcoma, and those with coincident opportu ...19846598311
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.the antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is effective for most nocardia asteroides infections. it is the antimicrobial agent of ...19836600803
[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and opportunistic infections in a female].case report on a 49-year-old woman who contracted acute hepatitis b during a trip to haiti in 1977. the hepatitis healed and the patient was in good health until july 1982 when she died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite early treatment. this case resembles the acquired immune deficiency syndrome recently described in the united states among homosexuals and haitians.19836600850
chronic granulomatous disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19836600853
a natural source of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. 19836601170
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in c3h/hej and c3heb/fej mice.c3h mice develop heavier degrees of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia than other mouse strains tested. we have compared p. carinii pneumonia in two strains of c3h mice: c3h/hej mice, which are unresponsive to the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), have defects in macrophage function, and have increased antibody responses to orally administered t-dependent antigens; and c3heb/fej mice, which are immunologically normal. p. carinii pneumonia was induced by corticosteroids, and the intensit ...19836601189
phospholipase activities of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in rat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.respiratory distress, main clinical symptom of p. carinii pneumonia, is unexplained. we wondered if it could be linked with a lung surfactant anomaly. we have shown in the bronchoalveolar fluid lavage of p. carinii-infected rats: a very significant decrease of the phospholipid content; a lowering of the phospholipid/protein ratio; and an increase in phospholipase activities, partly due to the activation of an inactive phospholipase into the active form. we conclude that, in p. carinii-infected r ...19836601489
attachment of pneumocystis carinii to type i alveolar cells studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.pneumocystis carinii was tightly attached to host alveolar type i cells, as judged by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. in contrast to other organisms studied by this technique, no changes in the cell membranes of p. carinii or the host cells could be demonstrated. these data suggest that p. carinii attaches in an unusual manner.19836601624
[serological diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infections]. 19836601865
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19836601889
tracheal aspirate examination for pneumocystis carinii cysts as a guide to therapy in pneumocystis pneumonia. 19836602215
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19836602234
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the first australian case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), which occurred in a 27-year-old homosexual man, is reported. the patient, an american citizen now resident in sydney, presented with life-threatening pulmonary consolidation. aids is characterized by severe defects in cell-mediated immunity associated with infections and neoplasms (most commonly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and kaposi's sarcoma). the cause of the syndrome is unknown, but it may be a new infectious agent.19836602267
atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: the potential hazards of empiric treatment.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in two patients with unusual clinical findings. in one case, p carinii infection was diagnosed for the first time in a patient with crohn's disease. due to the lack of typical features in both cases an empiric trial of antimicrobial therapy could have delayed diagnosis and initiation of specific treatment for p carinii. contrariwise, without histologic confirmation, specific therapy for p carinii pneumonia might have been mistakenly discontinued in the sec ...19836602384
[pneumocystis carinii? infection in newborn infants]. 19836602421
pneumocystis carinii: a diagnostic dilemma. 19836602973
[pulmonary infections caused by pneumocystis carinii].the following topics are discussed: 1. pneumocystis carnii: appearance, antigenic structure, pathogenicity...; 2. human pneumocytosis: clinical, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects; 3. pneumocystis carnii and the pneumocystoses: coexistence, theoretical and practical consequences, difficulties in interpretation of bronchiolo-alveolar lavage.19836603005
immunological studies of homosexual men with immunodeficiency and kaposi's sarcoma.acquired immunodeficiency and kaposi's sarcoma are epidemic among homosexual men in the united states. we have identified three clinically distinct disease syndromes in homosexually active men: a syndrome of severe cellular immunodeficiency including infection with pneumocystis carinii and other opportunistic pathogens, a syndrome of chronic benign lymphadenopathy without severe opportunistic infections, and kaposi's sarcoma. all 46 patients which we have studied with these three disease syndrom ...19836603314
[pneumocystis carinii infection in parturients]. 19836603390
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. a deadly new disease.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) represents a new epidemic of major proportions. risk factors include homosexuality, intravenous drug abuse, haitian descent, and multiple transfusion in the presence of hemophilia a. the etiology of aids remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence implicating a transmissible infectious agent and/or multiple antigenic exposures inducing a loss of immunoregulation. in a high-risk patient, the features of weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, ...19836603612
national case-control study of kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: part 1. epidemiologic results.to identify risk factors for the occurrence of kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men, we conducted a case-control study in new york city, san francisco, los angeles, and atlanta. fifty patients (cases) (39 with kaposi's sarcoma, 8 with pneumocystis pneumonia, and 3 with both) and 120 matched homosexual male controls (from sexually transmitted disease clinics and private medical practices) participated in the study. the variable most strongly associated with illnes ...19836603806
acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the united states: the first 1,000 cases.between june 1981 and february 1983, the centers for disease control (atlanta) received reports of 1,000 patients living in the united states who met a surveillance definition for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). seventy-three percent of these patients were diagnosed after january 1, 1982. the 1,000 patients included 284 with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), 497 with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), 83 with ks and pcp, and 136 with opportunistic infections other than pcp. the overall m ...19836604115
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and intact t cell immunity. 19836604148
[acquired immune deficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma: epidemic of a new disease].during the last two years a new syndrome has been recognized which involves a severe acquired cellular immunodeficiency. more than 1300 cases have already been identified, mainly in the united states. clinically the patients present with opportunistic infections, especially pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and/or tumors (often a kaposi sarcoma). frequently this is preceded by a prodromal phase with fever, weight loss and lymphadenopathies. the overall mortality is over 40% and may reach 100%. gro ...19836604313
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in a previously healthy homosexual man.a fatal case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy homosexual man with no evidence of malignancy is reported. despite appropriate treatment with high doses of i.v. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the patient died.19836604699
pneumocystis with normal chest x-ray film and arterial oxygen tension. early diagnosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.a patient with kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome became acutely febrile and dyspneic. although chest roentgenograms and findings from arterial blood oxygenation studies were normal, bronchoscopy disclosed heavy pneumocystis carinii infection. the patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with a rapid clinical response. it has been distinctly unusual to diagnose pneumocystis without roentgenographic or blood gas abnormalities. pneumocystis infection probabl ...19836605129
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. 19836605149
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy adult. 19836605452
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