Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a unique feature of bacillus thuringiensis h-serotype flora in soils of a volcanic island of japan. | 2002 | 12469322 | |
| dna sequence conservation between the bacillus anthracis pxo2 plasmid and genomic sequence from closely related bacteria. | complete sequencing and annotation of the 96.2 kb bacillus anthracis plasmid, pxo2, predicted 85 open reading frames (orfs). bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolates that ranged in genomic similarity to b. anthracis, as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis, were examined by pcr for the presence of sequences similar to 47 pxo2 orfs. | 2002 | 12473162 |
| simultaneous production of biopesticide and alkaline proteases by bacillus thuringiensis using sewage sludge as a raw material. | the simultaneous production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) based biopesticide and proteases was studied using synthetic medium and wastewater sludge as a raw material. the studies were conducted in shake flask and computer controlled 15-l capacity fermentors. measuring viable cell and spore counts, entomotoxicity and protease activity monitored the progress of the biopesticide production process. a higher viable cell count and spore count was observed in synthetic soya medium, however, higher en ... | 2002 | 12479478 |
| [cytopathological effect of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis endotoxins on the intestines of aedes aegypti mosquito larvae]. | the dynamics of pathological changes in the intestine of aedes aegypti larvae under the influence of toxins cry11a and cry4b produced by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was studied by means of electron microscope. most significant ultrastructure changes in the intestine of the second instar larvae were observed in the midgut. the cytoplasm of cells disintegrated, and elongated lacunae appeared. the number of microvilli decreased, or they disappeared in the result of destruction. the peritroph ... | 2002 | 12481602 |
| bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides differentiation using a pcr-re technique. | a method was developed to differentiate between bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides and bacillus thuringiensis using the polymerase chain reaction combined with a restriction endonuclease (pcr-re) technique. this fast and simple protocol, applied to pure culture strains, was developed using the gyrb dna sequence, as previously proposed by other authors. strains from international collections were used to optimize the method which was then applied to the identification of strains isolated from foo ... | 2003 | 12485751 |
| estimation of the radius of the pores formed by the bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta-endotoxin in planar lipid bilayers. | pore formation constitutes a key step in the mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins and various activated cry toxins have been shown to form ionic channels in receptor-free planar lipid bilayers at high concentrations. multiple conductance levels have been observed with several toxins, suggesting that the channels result from the multimeric assembly of a variable number of toxin molecules. to test this possibility, the size of the channels formed by cry1c was estimated with th ... | 2002 | 12488044 |
| identification of aerobic mesophilic bacilli isolated from board and paper products containing recycled fibres. | to identify aerobic mesophilic bacteria isolated from coreboard, kitchen roll paper and food packaging boards containing recycled fibres and to create a rapid fingerprint-based database for their identification. | 2003 | 12492920 |
| properties of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from bank voles. | to assess the properties of b. thuringiensis naturally occurring in the intestines of bank voles. | 2003 | 12492924 |
| seasonal distribution and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from sericultural environments in korea. | to isolate naturally occurring novel bacillus thuringiensis strains, we investigated the distribution and characteristics of b. thuringiensis from samples of sericultural farms in various regions of korea in the spring and fall. fifty-four b. thuringiensis strains out of 164 samples and 34 b. thuringiensis strains out of 135 samples were isolated in the spring and fall, respectively. seventy percent of the isolates in the spring and 15% in the fall were toxic to lepidopteran larvae. dipteran-act ... | 1998 | 12501280 |
| cloning of a chitinase gene into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai for enhanced insecticidal activity. | chitinase from a high producing strain (tp-1) of bacillus licheniformis was used with b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (b.t.a.) in a combined larvicidal assay against the pest, spodoptera exigua. with 10 mu of this chitinase, the ld(50) of b.t.a. was reduced by 7.6, 13.8 and 15 times on days 3, 5 and 7, respectively when compared to use of b.t.a. alone. in addition, a combination of chitinase (10 mu) and b.t.a. at a sub-lethal dose retarded growth and development of s. exigua. in preparation for ... | 1997 | 12501305 |
| enterotoxigenicity and cytotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains and development of a process for cry1ac production. | bacillus thuringiensis is indistinguishable from bacillus cereus except for the production of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). b. thuringiensis strains may show enterotoxin profiles and toxin levels similar to those of b. cereus strains isolated from food-poisoning cases. it is important for the food industry and farmers to consider that with the application of b. thuringiensis strains to crops, their spores may be introduced into the human food chain. in this study, 59 b. thuringiensis str ... | 2003 | 12502392 |
| cloning and characterization of a cytolytic and mosquito larvicidal delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. | the cytolytic delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis was amplified from genomic dna by pcr by using primers designed from the sequence of cyt2aa1 gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame translating to a 259-amino acid sequence. the cloned gene was designated cyt2aa2. this gene was highly expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion bodies that could be solubilized in 50 m m na(2)co(3), ph 10.5. activation of ... | 2003 | 12520362 |
| efficacy and efficiency of new bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis and bacillus sphaericus formulations against afrotropical anophelines in western kenya. | we evaluated the efficacy of new water-dispersible granular (wdg) formulations of bacillus thuringienis var. israelensis (bti; vectobac) and b. sphaericus (bs; vectolex), valent bioscience corp., illinois, usa) for the control of larval anopheles gambiae sensu lato giles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area around lake victoria, western kenya. wdg and powder formulations were compared in laboratory bioassays and followed by efficiency and residual effect assessments of both wdg formulations in o ... | 2003 | 12535249 |
| assessment of screening methods for the identification of genetically modified potatoes in raw materials and finished products. | qualitative polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of genetically modified potatoes have been investigated that can be used for screening purposes and identification of insect-resistant and virus-resistant potatoes in food. the presence of the nos terminator from agrobacterium tumefaciens and the antibiotic marker gene nptii (neomycin-phosphotransferase ii) was demonstrated in three commercialized bt-potato lines (monsanto co., st. louis, mo, usa) and one noncommercial gm-potato pro ... | 2003 | 12537422 |
| evaluation of preventive treatments in low-density gypsy moth populations using pheromone traps. | pheromone traps can be used for evaluating the success of treatments that are applied to either eradicate or delay the growth of isolated low-density populations of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.). we developed an index of treatment success, t, that measures the reduction in moth counts in the block treated adjusted by the change in moth counts in the reference area around it. this index was used to analyze the effectiveness of treatments that were conducted as part of the usda forest serv ... | 2002 | 12539833 |
| evaluation of polymer-based granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against larval aedes aegypti in the laboratory. | a strategy to increase residual activity of bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis (bti) extract through slow-release formulations and protection from solar radiation was studied. the median lethal concentration (lc50) and 90% lethal concentration (lc90) levels of laboratory-reared early 4th-stage larval aedes aegypti after exposure to bti extract were determined. formulations with 4 polymers and 1 solar protectant were prepared, and their shelf lives were evaluated for year-long storage at ... | 2002 | 12542194 |
| intranasal cry1ac protoxin is an effective mucosal and systemic carrier and adjuvant of streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides in mice. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, children and the elderly. available parenteral anti-pneumococcal vaccines based on type-specific capsular polysaccharides (cpss) are useful in adults but do not elicit protective immunity in infants and young children. to enhance their immunogenicity, pneumococcal cpss conjugated to proteins are being developed. mucosal vaccines may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses, but their development has been hampered by the lac ... | 2003 | 12542797 |
| laboratory evaluation of vectobac as against aedes aegypti in monterrey, nuevo león, mexico. | intensive use of the organophosphate insecticide malathion against adults and temephos against larvae of aedes aegypti in mexico over the past 30 years has led to problems requiring the use of new larvicides. toward this objective, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), a target-specific and environmentally safer control agent, was evaluated. laboratory bioassays were done to determine the susceptibility of 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of ae. aegypti to vectobac 12 as (aqueous suspension, 6 ... | 2002 | 12545970 |
| [screening of acrystalliferous mutants from bacillus thuringiensis and their transformation properties]. | after elevating growth temperature of ybt-1463 and other 8 bacillus thuringiensis parental strains to 42 degrees c, 9 acrystalliferous(cry-) mutants were obtained, and then a series of partial plasmid-cured mutants were further obtained from 3 cry- mutants bmb151, bmb154 and bmb160 by elevating temperature to 44 degrees c. one of which, bmb170, was further treated by elevating temperature to 46 degrees c and adding 0.05% sds as the plasmid-curing agent. the resulting mutant, which was designated ... | 2000 | 12548884 |
| [expression and insecticidal characteristics of cry3a in lepidoptera-specific bacillus thuringiensis]. | the cry3a gene coding coleoptera-specific protein was transformed into a wild strain ybt803-1 by electroporation, a transformant bmby-001 was obtained. sds-page analysis demonstrated that cry3a could express 64 kd protein in bmby-001. however, the expression of cry1ab and cry1ac were effected. bioassay showed that bmby-001 was not only highly toxic to phyllodecta vulgatissima larva(lc50 0.413 microl/ml) but also toxic to plutella xylostella(lc50 3.319 microl/ml). | 2000 | 12548935 |
| [characterization of the insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520]. | the insecticidal crystal protein genes of highly toxic bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 were analyzed. southern hybridization and pcr analysis indicated that this strain bears cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac and cry2 genes. the copy number of three cry1a genes is different and cry1ac gene (here named cry218) is the highest. the restriction location of three genes is different from that in typical strains, such as hd-1 and hd-73 strains. 4190 bp nucleotide sequence of cry218 gene was determined and this ge ... | 2000 | 12548956 |
| [identification of cry-type genes of 31 bacillus thuringiensis isolates and analysis of their expression product]. | in this study, cry-type gene of 31 isolates of bt had been identified using pcr-rflp identification system, and sds-page analysis and bioassay had been performed. 25 strains containing cry1 type gene express 130-150 kd protein and 16 of them contain cry1i gene, which codes 80 kd protein and is larvicidal to both lepidopteran and coleopteran species. 15 strains contain both cry1 and cry2 type gene; 10 strains contain unknown cry-type gene; 6 strains don't contain seven identified cry-type gene. r ... | 2000 | 12548957 |
| [a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on bacillus thuringiensis transposon tn4430]. | a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system of bacillus thuringiensis(bt) transposon tn4430 was developed. the gene cry1ac10, encoding a protoxin against plutella xylostella larvae, and the gene ori1030, from a plasmid of wide type bacillus thuringiensis, were inserted into two copy sets of res sites, named pbmb801. when pbmb801 was introduced into crystal negative bt host bmb171, antibiotic resistance genes and other non-bt dna can be sel ... | 2000 | 12548990 |
| [cloning of parasporal body protein gene resembling to s-layer protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis ctc strain]. | bacillus ctc strain was identified as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus (serotype h2) and pasteur institute confirmed this identification. the parasporal body formed by ctc strain is oval shaped, and consists of 100 kd protein. the determination of the n-terminal amino acid sequence showed this protein shares 93% similarity to that of b. anthracis s-layer proteins. the restriction map covering the related protein gene (ctc) was deduced according to southern hybridization. the dna fragments ... | 2001 | 12549017 |
| [detection of enterotoxin genes in bacillus thuringiensis by pcr]. | the presence of hemolysin hbla (hbla), enterotoxin bcet (bcet) and enterotoxin s (ents) genes from 45 strains of b. thuringiensis, 4 strains of b. cereus and b. sphaericus have been detected respectively by multiple pcr. the results showed that 95.6% b. thuringiensis strains contain the b component of hbla gene, 91.1% and 93.3% of them contain bcet and ents genes sequences respectively. the enterotoxin productions in all strains have also been analysis using two commercial immunoassay kits(tecra ... | 2001 | 12549018 |
| [expression of two truncated enhancin gene from helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus in e. coli and its preliminary bioassay]. | the plasmids pet-30a-ben and pet-30a-den which included 1.7 kd and 2.2 kb fragments of 5'-terminal of hagv enhancin gene were obtained by cutting recombinant plasmid pet-30a-en with bal i and dra i respectively. two fragments were expressed in e. coli successfully and the products were named ben and den respectively. the enhancement, which ben and den enhance the infectivity of hanpv and bt in 3rd larvae of helicoverpa armigera, was studied. the results indicated that there was increase of the m ... | 2001 | 12549021 |
| [expression and synergism of two cry insecticidal protein genes in pseudomonas fluorescens]. | several engineered pseudomonas fluorescens(pf) strains were constructed mainly based on a pseudomonas plasmid pjms6 alpha-lac and two insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis, cry1ac and cry2aa, and the host pf strain, p303, which was with highly antifungal activity to some plant disease fungi and colonizing ability on a wide range of plants. the dna introduction was confirmed by pcr-rflp and southern blot. the 132 kd insecticidal protein was detected in ipp101 and ipp202 by ... | 2000 | 12549049 |
| [identification and location of the toxin protein genes in 56 bacillus thuringiensis isolates]. | polymerase chain reaction was performed to screen bacillus thuringiensis isolates for cryi, cryiii, and cryv genes with cryi-, cryiii-, and cryv-specific primers respectively. the results indicated that, in the 56 bt isolates examined, 7 isolates contain cryi gene, 2 isolates contain cryiii gene, and 21 isolates contain both cryi and cryv genes. the cryv gene was located by southern hybridization in the large plasmid of about 150 md molecular mass. | 2001 | 12549082 |
| [transcriptional activator plcr regulate the expression of multiple genes in bacillus cereus]. | food-poisoning and some diseases of human can be caused by potential pathogenic factors including phospholipases of c-type, hemolysins, enterotoxins, emetic toxin and others from bacillus cereus which is an opportunistic pathegon. generally, the expression of pathogenic genes is completed by a co-regulation in many bacteria. the isolation of a mutant, displaying significant reducing expression of lecithinase and general proteolytic activities, from a transposon-induced bank of b. cereus type str ... | 2001 | 12549084 |
| [some biological characteristics of genetically engineered insecticidal pseudomonas fluorescens]. | plasmid stability, antifungal activity, plant-colonizing ability, uv resistance and inseticidal activity in field were analysed for the engineered pseudomonas fluorescens (pf) strain ipp202. the results indicated that the recombinant plasmid in ipp202 was very stable after successive diluting culturing and after continuous culturing, there was no significant change in the properties beneficial to plants, such as antifungal activity and plant-colonizing ability as compared with the original strai ... | 2001 | 12549181 |
| [expression characteristic of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 gene in pseudomonas fluorescens pfx-18]. | the plasmids of lepidopteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis strain from our laboratory were hybridized with rna probe of cry 1aa ecor i-f fragment labelled using dig. cry1 gene was located in 39.3 md plasmid. the plasmid was digested with hind iii and analysed by southern blot. it appeared both 7.1 kb and of 6.5 kb positive bands. the 7.1 kb fragment was ligated to broad-host-range vector psup106 and transformed into pseudomonas fluorescens pfx-18. the cloned strain, lzp-1 was obtained. the pla ... | 1998 | 12549381 |
| transgenic loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) plants expressing a modified delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis with enhanced resistance to dendrolimus punctatus walker and crypyothelea formosicola staud. | a synthetic version of the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the transformation of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) using particle bombardment. mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. expression vector pb48.215 dna contained a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) cry1ac coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator seque ... | 2003 | 12554726 |
| [cloning and expression of the binary toxin genes of bacillus sphaericus c3-41 in a crystal minus b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis]. | bacillus sphearicus c3-41, belonging to serotype h5a5b, is ahighly toxic strain isolated from a mosquito-breeding site in china. it has been shown that it had a higher toxicity against culex spp. than the reference strain 2362 at the laboratory and field conditions. using synthetic oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the binary toxin gene sequence of 2362, a 1.1 kb dna fragment was produced and the genetic library was prepared from a hindiii digest of total dna from c3-41. one colony conta ... | 1999 | 12555398 |
| [preliminary study of p19 gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis]. | the p19 gene and cyt1a gene were obtained by pcr with 9.7 kb hindiii fragment containing p19 gene and cyt1a gene from 72 md plasmid of bt as a template. digested pcr products were ligated to expression vector puhe24 and transformed into e. coli xl-1. three clones, lz19 harboring p19 gene, lzcyt1a harboring cyt1a gene, lz19a harboring p19 gene and cyt1a gene, were screened. the growth cure of cloned strains were determined under iptg induction. the result showed that plz19 did not affect the grow ... | 1999 | 12555414 |
| [the identification of 5 new serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis from soil in china]. | five new strains of bacillus thuringiensis(bt) from soil in china were classified. 5 new h-serotypes: h42, h43, h56, h60 and h62 were identified. there were some distinction in the morphology, biochemical reaction and toxicity against species of insect. five new bt subspecies were identified as follows: strain ygd22-03 bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jinghongiensis, h42; strain kk31-01 bacillus thuringiensis subsp. guiyangiensis, h43; strain scg04-02 b. thuringiensis subsp. rongseni, h56; strain n ... | 1999 | 12555421 |
| [the effects of reactive oxidants on bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals]. | the effects of hydrogen peroxides(h2o2) and hydroxyl radicals(.oh) on the purified parasporal crystals from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 were studied by sds-page and bioassay. the results showed that to some extent h2o2 and .oh produced a direct and deleterious effect. hydroxyl radicals from the system fe(ii)-edta-h2o2 indicated more serious damage than hydrogen peroxides. there was a 44.5% loss in activity against 12-h-old larvae of heliothis armigera when parasporal crystals were ... | 1999 | 12555530 |
| [new coleopterancidai strains of bacillus thuringiensis and production of coleopterancide]. | two coleopterancidal strains of bacillus thuringiensis, ym-03 and shq11-10, were isolated from soil in china. h-serotype of ym-03 was h8a8b, and h-serotype of shq11-10 has not been identified. both of them produced flat bipyramid-like crystals which consisted of 68-70 kd and 65 kd protein respectively. bioassay indicated that these two bt strains were very active on the larva of leptinotarsa decemlineata and plagioder aversicolora. they grew prosperously in fermentation. powder of ym-03 product ... | 1999 | 12555556 |
| [detecting microorganisms in soil by pcr and molecular hybridization]. | pcr and molecular hybridization provide new methods to detect microorganisms in environment. a simple, sensitive protocol was developed to detect bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 in soil by pcr and southern blotting in this study. methods of extracting dna from soil and purification were compared. by a modified total dna extraction from soil and purification, followed by pcr and southern blotting, strain hd-1 released into soil can be detected with a sensitivity of 2.2 x 10(2) cells/g soil. by using ... | 1999 | 12555581 |
| transgenic crop trial's gene flow turns weeds into wimps. | 2003 | 12556850 | |
| [the study on cloning and expression of bt cry1ab13 gene]. | b. thuringiensis strain c005 with high insecticidal activity to several kinds of pests, screened from china, was identified that it contained cry1ab gene by pcr-rflp. southern blotting showed that a 8.5 kb positive band of plasmid dna digested with psti contained cry1ab gene. the gene was cloned from bt c005 and the results of sequence analysis showed that cry1ab13 gene contained a 3468 bp open reading frame, encoding a 130.6 kd protein composing 1155 amino acids. the ie point of cry1ab13 protei ... | 2002 | 12557346 |
| [the cloning of plasmid replicon ori165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thenebrionis]. | an ecori dna fragment containing the plasmid replicon, named ori165, was cloned from the plasmids of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765. the replicon ori165 was the first replicon cloned from this subspecie. its size is approximately 11 kb. the replicon was minimized to an 8 kb fragment by deletion analysis. southern hybridization exhibited that ori165 was coming from the plasmid detected with the highest molecular weight. a shuttle vector pbmb6071 based on ori165 was construct ... | 2002 | 12557347 |
| [study on amount and stability of cry1d and cry1ab mrna in bacillus thuringiensis subps aizawai]. | cry1ab, cry1c and cry1d are three typical cry1 class genes encoding protoxins in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain hd-133. the expression of cry1d is obviously different from that of cry1ab in this strain. amount and stability of cry1d and cry1ab mrna in hd-133 were investigated. northern blotting analysis showed that cry1d mrna was more stable than cry1ab mrna, however, cry1d mrna formed later 3 h and less 3.7 times than cry1ab mrna during the mid-phase of sporulation. halve lives of ... | 2002 | 12557376 |
| [characterization of cry gene and broad spectrum against lepidopteran of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. colmeri 15a3]. | bacillus thuringiensis wild type strain 15a3 belongs to subspecies colmeri serotype h-21. rflp and pcr analysis show that it contains six types of icp genes: cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ca, cry1d, cry1i and cry. the sequence of the 1.45 kb n-terminal fragment of cry1aa differed from that of published. sds-page showed that the crystal consists of proteins with molecular weight about 130, 79, 70, 65, 51 and 45 kd. strain 15a3 didn't sysnthesize heat-stable beta-exotoxins according to test of house fly abe ... | 2002 | 12557392 |
| [advance in studies on cyt proteins of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 2002 | 12557563 | |
| [the duration of action of bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus after encapsulation by infusoria tetrahymena pyriformis]. | the study of the duration of the insecticidal activity of a mixture of infusoria with each of these bacteria revealed differences in the pattern of their relations during their long contact. t. pyriformis may be used for the prolongation of its insecticidal action if bti is applied. an increase in the duration of this action depends on the viability of tetrahymena in the experimental flasks and on the presence of free spores and crystals of bti. the prolongation of the action may be associated w ... | 2002 | 12557582 |
| [the analysis of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticical protein gene cloning and expression]. | three kinds of bacillus thuringiensis serotype-subsp. leesis(h33) strain ybt-833, subsp. aizawai(h7) strain ybt-1416 and subsp. kurstaki(h3ab) strain ybt-1535, which were isolated by our lab, are chosen as original strain to clone vegetative insecticidal protein gene. southern hybridization showed that vip genes are all localized at roughly 4-5 kb size-fractionated xbai fragments of total dna from ybt-833, ybt-1416 and ybt-1535. three subgenomic libraries containing the vip gene fragment, were c ... | 2002 | 12561202 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of the chitinase gene chia74 from bacillus thuringiensis. | the endochitinase gene chia74 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar kenyae strain lbit-82 was cloned in escherichia coli dh5 alpha f'. a sequence of 676 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced. a molecular mass of 74 kda was estimated for the preprotein, which includes a putative 4-kda signal sequence located at the n terminus. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high degree of identity with other chitinases such as chib from bacillus cereus (98%) and chia71 from bacillus ... | 2003 | 12571025 |
| recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis producing cyt1a, cry11b, and the bacillus sphaericus binary toxin. | a novel recombinant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces the b. sphaericus binary toxin, cyt1aa, and cry11ba is described. the toxicity of this strain (50% lethal concentration [lc(50)] = 1.7 ng/ml) against fourth-instar culex quinquefasciatus was higher than that of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ips-82 (lc(50) = 7.9 ng/ml) or b. sphaericus 2362 (lc(50) = 12.6 ng/ml). | 2003 | 12571069 |
| long-term regional suppression of pink bollworm by bacillus thuringiensis cotton. | despite the potentially profound impact of genetically modified crops on agriculture and the environment, we know little about their long-term effects. transgenic crops that produce toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to control insects are grown widely, but rapid evolution of resistance by pests could nullify their benefits. here, we present theoretical analyses showing that long-term suppression of pest populations is governed by interactions among reproductive rate, dispersal propensity, ... | 2003 | 12571355 |
| yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. | onfarm field trials carried out with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton in different states of india show that the technology substantially reduces pest damage and increases yields. the yield gains are much higher than what has been reported for other countries where genetically modified crops were used mostly to replace and enhance chemical pest control. in many developing countries, small-scale farmers especially suffer big pest-related yield losses because of technical and economic constraint ... | 2003 | 12574633 |
| fate of genetically modified maize dna in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used to investigate the fate of a transgene in the rumen of sheep fed silage and maize grains from an insect-resistant maize line. a 1914-bp dna fragment containing the entire coding region of the synthetic cryia(b) gene was still amplifiable from rumen fluid sampled 5 h after feeding maize grains. the same target sequence, however, could not be amplified from rumen fluid sampled from sheep fed silage prepared from the genetically modified maize ... | 2003 | 12575900 |
| nutritional and cultural parameters influencing antidipteran delta-endotoxin production. | in this study, various nutritional and cultural parameters influencing diptera-specific delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis hd500 were investigated. of various inorganic nitrogen sources, the highest yields of cry11aa and cry4ba proteins were obtained on (nh(4))(2)hpo(4). among carbon sources, inulin, dextrin, maltose, lactose, sucrose, whey and glycerol were all stimulatory, while glucose, starch and molasses were suppressive. high concentrations of inorganic ... | 2003 | 12576159 |
| characterization and comparison of midgut proteases of bacillus thuringiensis susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (plutellidae: lepidoptera). | the midgut proteases of the bacillus thuringiensis resistant and susceptible populations of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. were characterized by using protease specific substrates and inhibitors. the midgut contained trypsin-like proteases of molecular weights of 97, 32, 29.5, 27.5, and 25 kda. of these five proteases, 29.5 kda trypsin-like protease was the most predominant in activation of protoxins of cry1aa and cry1ab. the activation of cry1ab protoxin by midgut protease was fas ... | 2003 | 12581714 |
| correlation between serovars of bacillus thuringiensis and type i beta-exotoxin production. | beta-exotoxin is a thermostable metabolite produced by some strains of bacillus thuringiensis. because of vertebrate toxicity, most commercial preparations of b. thuringiensis are prepared from isolates that do not produce beta-exotoxin. the aim of the present study was to find out the possible relationship between serovars of b. thuringiensis and beta-exotoxin production. a specific hplc assay for type i beta-exotoxin has been used to detect this exotoxin in supernatants from final whole cultur ... | 2003 | 12581720 |
| characterization of cry1, cry2, and cry9 genes in bacillus thuringiensis isolates from china. | bacillus thuringiensis isolates from different ecological regions and sources of china were analyzed to study the distribution and diversity of cry genes and to detect the presence of novel cry genes. strains containing cry1-type genes were the most abundant and represent 237 of the 310 b. thuringiensis isolates (76.5%). about 70 and 15.5% of the isolates contained a cry2 gene or cry9 gene, respectively, while 10.0% of the strains did not contain a cry1, cry2, or cry9 gene. among the cry1 contai ... | 2003 | 12581721 |
| broccoli plants with pyramided cry1ac and cry1c bt genes control diamondback moths resistant to cry1a and cry1c proteins. | this study was undertaken to determine the effects of pyramiding two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes in the same plant on the production of bt proteins and the control of diamondback moths (dbm, plutella xylostella) resistant to one or the other protein. broccoli lines carrying both cry1ac and cry1c bt genes were produced by sexual crosses of cry1ac- and cry1c-transgenic plants. plants containing both genes were selected by tests for resistance to kanamycin and hygromycin, and confirmed by pcr ... | 2002 | 12582527 |
| inheritance and expression of the cry1ab gene in bt ( bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic rice. | the inheritance and expression patterns of the cry1ab gene were studied in the progenies derived from different bt ( bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic japonica rice lines under field conditions. both mendelian and distorted segregation ratios were observed in some selfed and crossed f(2) populations. crosses between japonica intra-subspecies had no significant effect on the segregation ratios of the cry1ab gene, but crossing between japonica and indicainter-subspecies led to distorted segregati ... | 2002 | 12582680 |
| kinetics of size changes of individual bacillus thuringiensis spores in response to changes in relative humidity. | using an automated scanning microscope, we report the surprising result that individual dormant spores of bacillus thuringiensis grow and shrink in response to increasing and decreasing relative humidity. we simultaneously monitored the size of inorganic calibration particles. we found that the spores consistently swell in response to increased relative humidity, and shrink to near their original size on reexposure to dry air. although the dispersion of swelling amplitudes within an ensemble of ... | 2003 | 12584363 |
| pcr-based identification of bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal genes. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a molecular tool widely used to characterize the insecticidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. this technique can be used to amplify specific dna fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene. the identification of b. thuringiensis toxin genes by pcr can partially predict the insecticidal activity of a given strain. pcr has proven to be a rapid and reliable method and it has largely substituted bioassays in preliminary classifica ... | 2003 | 12586389 |
| expression of a bacillus thuringiensisdelta-endotoxin cry1ab gene in bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis strains that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum, mills). | to introduce a cry gene into microorganisms that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants to improve the persistence of the cry proteins for controlling a south american tomato moth (tuta absoluta, meyrick, 1917). | 2003 | 12588545 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a mosquito-larvicidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cry4b delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is specifically toxic to mosquito larvae. for a better understanding of the mechanism of toxicity, chymotrypsin-activated cry4b toxin (68 kda) has been purified and crystallized in sodium bromide at neutral ph. the well formed crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group r32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 185.82, c = 187.93 a, and diffracted x-rays to 1.75 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains one toxin molecule ... | 2003 | 12595735 |
| bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal proteins are pore-forming toxins used as insecticides around the world. previously, the extent to which these proteins might also target the invertebrate phylum nematoda has been mostly ignored. we have expressed seven different crystal toxin proteins from two largely unstudied bt crystal protein subfamilies. by assaying their toxicity on diverse free-living nematode species, we demonstrate that four of these crystal proteins are active against multiple nemato ... | 2003 | 12598644 |
| insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis: alterations in the indianmeal moth larval gut proteome. | insect resistance to the cry toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been examined previously using a number of traditional biochemical and molecular techniques. in this study, we utilized a proteomic approach involving two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and function-based activity profiling to examine changes in the gut proteins from the larvae of an indianmeal moth (imm, plodia interpunctella) colony exhibiting resistance to bt. we found a number of changes ... | 2003 | 12601079 |
| host plant resistance to insects: an eco-friendly approach for pest management and environment conservation. | host plant resistance (hpr) to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. the most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. considerable progress has been made in identification and development of crop cultivars with resistance to the major pests in different crops. there is a need to transfer resistance genes into high-yielding cult ... | 2002 | 12602847 |
| effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (cbh351) on immune system in bn rats and b10a mice. | subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect on the immune system of genetically modified corn cbh351, which contains the cry9c protein derived from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, were conducted in female bn rats and b10a mice. the studies were designed to compare the effect of a line of genetically modified corn cbh351 (gm corn) with that of isoline corn (non-gm corn). heat-treated corn meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 50%. ... | 2002 | 12607925 |
| extractable soil lipids and microbial activity as affected by bt and non bt maize grown on a silty clay loam soil. | pyrolysis-gas (py-gc) chromatography was used to characterize extractable lipids from bt and non-bt maize shoots and soils collected at time of harvesting. py-gc-ms (mass spectrometry) showed that the concentrations of total alkenes identified in non-bt shoots and soils were 47.9 and 21.3% higher than in bt maize shoots and soils, respectively. n-alkanes identified were of similar orders of magnitude in bt and non-bt maize shoots, but were 28.6% higher in bt than in non-bt soils. bt maize shoots ... | 2003 | 12617558 |
| binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta-endotoxin to the midgut epithelial membranes of culex pipiens. | the cry1c delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to both lepidopteran and dipteran insect larvae. to analyze the dipteran-specific insecticidal mechanisms, we investigated the properties of cry1c binding to the epithelial cell membrane of the larval midgut from the mosquito culex pipiens in comparison with dipteran-specific cry4a. immunohistochemical staining of the larval midgut sections from culex pipiens showed that cry1c and cry4a bound to the microvilli of the epithelial cells ... | 2003 | 12619679 |
| agency 'ignoring its advisers' over bt maize. | 2003 | 12621399 | |
| distribution and diversity of cry genes in native strains of bacillus thuringiensis obtained from different ecosystems from colombia. | colombia is a tropical country located at the north of south america. it is considered to be one of the most important countries in terms of its biodiversity worldwide. one hundred and eight soil samples obtained from agricultural crops and wild ecosystems were evaluated in terms of the presence of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) native strains. one hundred and eight different bt strains were isolated and characterized by the presence of crystal proteins by sds-page and a multiplex pcr with general ... | 2003 | 12623312 |
| deletion of the cry11a or the cyt1a toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: effect on toxicity against resistant culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | 2003 | 12623314 | |
| [research advances in soil persistence characteristics of toxins released by transgenic bt crops and their relationships with soil properties]. | with the popularization and application of transgenic bt crops, and increasing attention has been paid to their potential impact on ecological environment and other aspects. and, as the development of detecting techniques for bt toxin protein and soil were made by oversea researchers. this paper reviewed the current situation of the studies on the insecticidal characteristics and detecting methods of toxin proteins released by transgenic bt crops, the potentical risk of their field release, the ... | 2002 | 12625012 |
| control of the aedes vectors of the dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti: the french polynesian experience. | in most of the 130 islands of french polynesia, the stenotopic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (the main local vector for the viruses causing dengue) and aedes polynesiensis (the main local vector of wuchereria bancrofti) share many breeding sites in water containers such as discarded cans, coconut shells, buckets and water-storage pots and drums. in addition to selective application of insecticides, non-polluting methods of controlling these mosquitoes have been evaluated during the last decade in two ... | 2002 | 12625924 |
| expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cyt2aa1 toxin in pichia pastoris using a synthetic gene construct. | the nucleotide sequence data corresponding to the syncyt2aa1 open reading frame was deposited with the embl/genbank nucleotide sequence databases under the accession number af398463. bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins are membrane-active, pore-forming proteins with highly specific insecticidal activities. in addition to a well-established role in the biological control of a wide variety of crop pests and disease vectors, these toxins also have great potential for the development of anti-tum ... | 2003 | 12628007 |
| the dynamic spore. | 2003 | 12631692 | |
| a cadherin-like protein functions as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ac toxins on midgut epithelial cells of bombyx mori larvae. | aminopeptidase n (apn) and cadherin-like protein (btr175) from bombyx mori larvae were examined for their roles in cry1aa- and cry1ac-induced lysis of b. mori midgut epithelial cells (mecs). apns and btr175 were present in all areas of the midgut, were particularly abundant in the posterior region, and were found only on columnar cell microvilli and not on the lateral membrane that makes cell-cell contacts. this distribution was in accordance with the distribution of cry1a-susceptible mecs in th ... | 2003 | 12633848 |
| host-plant-associated genetic differentiation in northern french populations of the european corn borer. | the phytophagous insects that damage crops are often polyphagous, feeding on several types of crop and on weeds. the refuges constituted by noncrop host plants may be useful in managing the evolution in pest species of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic crops. however, the benefits of these refuges may be limited because host-plant diversity may drive genetic divergence and possibly even host-plant-mediated sympatric speciation. the european corn borer, ostrin ... | 2003 | 12634820 |
| isolation and characterisation of a novel bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain b439. | bacillus thuringiensis strain b439 produces a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance in its growth medium. this antimicrobial peptide, referred to as thuricin 439, acts as a bacteriocidal peptide and exhibits an apparent narrow range of inhibitory activity, essentially only affecting growth of bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains. it remains active over a relatively wide ph and temperature range, showing no loss of activity following heat treatments up to 80 degrees c. purification of thu ... | 2003 | 12644238 |
| [studies on the distorted segregation of foreign genes in transgenic rice progenies]. | the segregation mode of transgenes was investigated in the transgenic progenies of three rice varieties (lines) produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the transgenic lines all contained the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab gene, under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter, and linked in tandem with gusa and hpt genes. pcr analysis showed the transgenes cry1ab and gusa co-segregated in all self and crossed progenies tested. therefore, gus bio-assay of leaf or endosperm tissues was us ... | 2002 | 12645265 |
| estimated frequency of nonrecessive bt resistance genes in bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in eastern north carolina. | in summer 2000, adult female bollworm moths, helicoverpa zea (boddie), were collected from light-traps at four locations near the tidewater research station, plymouth, nc. female moths were allowed to lay eggs, and at hatch, 72 larvae from each female were screened for growth rate on normal artificial diet and on diets containing 5.0 microg of either cry1ac or cry2aa bt toxin per milliliter of diet. the growth rate bioassays were performed to isolate nonrecessive bt resistance genes present in f ... | 2003 | 12650356 |
| spatial processes in the evolution of resistance in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to bt transgenic corn and cotton in a mixed agroecosystem: a biology-rich stochastic simulation model. | a simulation model is developed to examine the role of spatial processes in the evolution of resistance in helicoverpa zea populations to bt corn and bt cotton. the model is developed from the stochastic spatially explicit heliothis virescens model described by peck et al. (1999), to accommodate a spatial mix of two host crops (corn and cotton), and to reflect the agronomic practices, as well as the spatial and temporal population dynamics of h. zea, in eastern north carolina. the model suggests ... | 2003 | 12650359 |
| sensitivity analysis of a spatially-explicit stochastic simulation model of the evolution of resistance in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to bt transgenic corn and cotton. | the sensitivities of a model simulating the evolution of resistance in helicoverpa zea to bt toxins in transgenic crops were investigated by examining effects of each of the model parameters on the frequency of resistance alleles after 8 yr. the functional dominance of resistance alleles and the initial frequency of those alleles had a major impact on resistance evolution. the survival of susceptible insects on the transgenic crops and the population dynamics of the insect, driven by winter surv ... | 2003 | 12650360 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin on mammalian cells. | the cry proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis are considered to be highly specific insecticidal proteins. judged to be safe for humans and farm animals due to their insect-oriented selective toxicity, the proteins have been utilized as a biological pesticide and introduced into genetically modified plants. however, some critical fundamental characters of the cry proteins remain unclear, and the direct effects of activated cry proteins on mammalian cells have not yet been fully confirmed. t ... | 2003 | 12655112 |
| symptom complaints following aerial spraying with biological insecticide foray 48b. | to investigate the effect of aerial bacillus thuringiensis (foray 48b) spraying on self-reported symptom complaints, health perceptions, and visits to healthcare providers. | 2003 | 12658313 |
| advances in plant biotechnology and its adoption in developing countries. | developing countries are already benefiting and should continue to benefit significantly from advances in plant biotechnology. insect-protected cotton containing a natural insecticide protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt cotton) is providing millions of farmers with increased yields, reduced insecticide costs and fewer health risks. many other useful plant biotechnology products that can benefit poor farmers and consumers are in the research and development pipelines of institutions in develo ... | 2003 | 12667878 |
| antibacterial activity of cry- and cyt-proteins from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | mosquitocidal endotoxins cry4b, cry11a, and cyta from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis as well as the products of their limited proteolysis display antibacterial activity relative to micrococcus luteus. the endotoxin cry11a also induces the lysis of the micrococcus protoplasts. potassium and sodium ions and n-acetylgalactosamine increased the antibacterial effect of cry11a, whereas glucose and n-acetylglucosamine inhibited it. the endotoxin cry11a displays the antibacterial effect on some ... | 2003 | 12674346 |
| emergence of resistance and resistance management in field populations of tropical culex quinquefasciatus to the microbial control agent bacillus sphaericus. | in recent years, highly potent mosquitocidal strains of the microbial agent bacillus sphaericus (bsph) have been isolated and developed for the control of mosquito larvae around the world. laboratory selection experiments with the most active strains and their use in large-scale operational mosquito control programs resulted in the emergence of resistance in larvae of the culex pipiens complex. this generated great concern among vector control agencies around the world, who feared reduced effica ... | 2003 | 12674533 |
| ice granules containing endotoxins of microbial agents for the control of mosquito larvae--a new application technique. | this study investigated a new method for delivering microbial mosquito control agents into aquatic sites as ice granules for mosquito control. solutions containing powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) or bacillus sphaericus were transformed into ice pellets (named icypearls) using a special ice-making machine. this new technique was demonstrated to have the following advantages over bti sand granules: 1) the bti ice pellets melted on the water surface and released the ... | 2003 | 12674537 |
| [cloning and expression product of vip3a gene from bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of inseceicidal activity]. | the vip3 a gene in a size of 2.3 kb amplified from wild-type bacillus thuringiensis strain s184 by pcr was cloned into pgem-t easy vector and its sequence was analysized by dnastar. the plasmid potp was constructed by inserting vip3a-s184 gene into the expression vector pqe30 and then was transformed into e. coli m15. e. coli m15 cells harbouring the plasmid potp were induced with 1 mmol/l iptg to express 89 kd protein which was confirmed to be vip3a-s184 by western blot. experiments showed that ... | 2002 | 12674638 |
| degradation of the cry1ab protein within transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field. | large quantities of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn plant residue are left in the field after harvest, which may have implications for the soil ecosystem. potential impacts on soil organisms will also depend on the persistence of the bt toxin in plant residues. therefore, it is important to know how long the toxin persists in plant residues. in two field studies in the temperate corn-growing region of switzerland we investigated degradation of the cry1ab toxin in transgenic bt corn leaves durin ... | 2003 | 12675831 |
| activity of wild-type and hybrid bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against agrotis ipsilon. | twelve cry1 and two cry9 delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity against black cutworm ( agrotis ipsilon). a. ipsilon was not susceptible to many toxins, but three toxins had significant activity. cry9ca was the most toxic, followed by cry1aa and cry1fb. hybrids between these three active proteins were made by in vivo recombination and analyzed for activity against a. ipsilon. analysis of hybrids between cry1aa and cry1fb indicated that domain i of cry1aa prot ... | 2003 | 12677360 |
| detection of cry1ab protein in gastrointestinal contents but not visceral organs of genetically modified bt11-fed calves. | the fate of insecticidal cry1ab protein was examined in the gastrointestinal (gi) contents and visceral organs of calves fed insect-resistant genetically modified maize bt11. twelve cross-breed (japanese black x holstein) calves were fed either bt11 or non-genetically modified isoline maize for 90 d. peripheral blood, rumen juice and feces were collected fortnightly, and gi contents and visceral organs were collected at slaughter at the end of the experiment. samples were checked for cry1ab prot ... | 2003 | 12678290 |
| detection of genetically modified maize dna fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed starlink cbh351. | we tried to detect dna fragments derived from maize in the intestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified (gm) starlink cbh351 maize (sl) or non-gm maize. intestinal contents of 8 sl and 8 non-gm maize-fed pigs were collected at slaughter, and the genes of the recombinant cry9c and the maize intrinsic zein (zel) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) 3 times with a total of 4 primer pairs of different expected lengths. the cry9c gene (either 103 or 170 bp) was detected in the rect ... | 2003 | 12678298 |
| sphingosine phosphate lyase expression is essential for normal development in caenorhabditis elegans. | sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane constituents whose metabolites function as signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells. sphingosine 1-phosphate, a key sphingolipid second messenger, regulates proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and programmed cell death. these effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate and similar phosphorylated sphingoid bases have been observed in organisms as diverse as yeast and humans. intracellular levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate are tightly regulated by the actions of sphi ... | 2003 | 12682045 |
| the drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition. | the drosophila immune system discriminates between different classes of infectious microbes and responds with pathogen-specific defense reactions through selective activation of the toll and the immune deficiency (imd) signaling pathways. the toll pathway mediates most defenses against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, whereas the imd pathway is required to resist infection by gram-negative bacteria. the bacterial components recognized by these pathways remain to be defined. here we report that ... | 2003 | 12692550 |
| three cadherin alleles associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in pink bollworm. | evolution of resistance by pests is the main threat to long-term insect control by transgenic crops that produce bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins. because inheritance of resistance to the bt toxins in transgenic crops is typically recessive, dna-based screening for resistance alleles in heterozygotes is potentially much more efficient than detection of resistant homozygotes with bioassays. such screening, however, requires knowledge of the resistance alleles in field populations of pests that ... | 2003 | 12695565 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis gene fragments isolated by restriction digest pcr. | to clone and analyze bacillus thuringiensis gene fragments isolated by restriction digest pcr (rd-pcr). | 2003 | 12697463 |
| the bacillus thuringiensis plcr-regulated gene inha2 is necessary, but not sufficient, for virulence. | we previously reported that bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 cry 32(-) secretes a zinc-requiring metalloprotease, inha2, that is essential for virulence in orally infected insects. analysis of the inha2-lacz transcriptional fusion showed that inha2 expression is repressed in a plcr(-) background. using dnase i footprinting experiments, we demonstrated that plcr activates inha2 transcription directly by binding to a dna sequence showing a one-residue mismatch with the previously reported plcr bo ... | 2003 | 12700261 |
| attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant dna and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed yieldgard corn borer corn. | questions regarding the digestive fate of dna and protein from transgenic grain have been raised in regard to human consumption and trade of animal products (e.g., meat, milk, and eggs) from farm animals fed transgenic crops. using highly sensitive, fully characterized analytical methods, fragments of transgenic and endogenous plant dna, as well as transgenic protein, were not detected in chicken breast muscle samples from animals fed yieldgard corn borer corn event mon 810 (yg). total dna was e ... | 2003 | 12705396 |
| cloning of a heliothis virescens 110 kda aminopeptidase n and expression in drosophila s2 cells. | we previously identified a novel heliothis virescens 110 kda aminopeptidase n (apn) that binds bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac and cry1fa delta-endotoxins, and cloned an internal region of the 110 kda apn gene (banks et al., 2001). here we describe the race-pcr cloning and sequence of a cdna encoding 110 kda apn. the 110 kda apn gene was transiently co-expressed with green fluorescent protein (gfp) in drosophila s2 cells using the pizt expression vector. enrichment of total membranes purified ... | 2003 | 12706629 |
| evaluation of transgenic event bt11 hybrid corn in broiler chickens. | a feeding study evaluated whether standard broiler diets prepared with grain derived from syngenta seeds nk brand bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids had any adverse effects on male or female broiler chickens. four kinds of corn grain were used in this study: (1) grain from the bt-expressing field corn hybrid n7070bt, (2) grain from the n7070bt hybrid that had been sprayed with liberty brand herbicide (glufosinate) according to manufacturer's instructions (n7070bt + liberty), (3) grain from ... | 2003 | 12710473 |