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plant phenolic volatiles inhibit quorum sensing in pectobacteria and reduce their virulence by potential binding to expi and expr proteins.quorum sensing (qs) is a population density-dependent regulatory system in bacteria that couples gene expression to cell density through accumulation of diffusible signaling molecules. pectobacteria are causal agents of soft rot disease in a range of economically important crops. they rely on qs to coordinate their main virulence factor, production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwdes). plants have evolved an array of antimicrobial compounds to anticipate and cope with pathogens, of whic ...201627905512
evidence-based validation of quorum quenching from lysinibacillus sphaericus and geobacillus sp. in bioremediation of oil sludge.many studies on quorum quenching focus on the discovery and characterization of novel acyl-homoserine lactonases (ahl-lactonases) because these enzymes could be used in the control of diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. the effects of quorum quenching are also remarkable in the performance of bacterial consortia in applications such as bioremediation. in the current work, we demonstrated the presence of a potential novel ahl-lactonase-encoding locus (bsph_3377) from lysinibacillus sphaeri ...201727905820
current knowledge and perspectives of paenibacillus: a review.isolated from a wide range of sources, the genus paenibacillus comprises bacterial species relevant to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. many paenibacillus species can promote crop growth directly via biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), and release of siderophores that enable iron acquisition. they can also offer protection against insect herbivores and phytopathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ...201627905924
attenuation of quorum sensing regulated virulence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum through an ahl lactonase produced by lysinibacillus sp. gs50.quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism in which gram negative bacterial pathogens sense their population density through acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) and regulate the expression of virulence factors. enzymatic degradation of ahls by lactonases, known as quorum quenching (qq), is thus a potential strategy for attenuating qs regulated bacterial infections. we characterised the qq activity of soil isolate lysinibacillus sp. gs50 and explored its potential for controlling bacterial soft rot of crop p ...201627911925
ompf of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc3 is required for carocin d sensitivity.carocin d is a bacteriocin produced by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21. carocin d inhibits the growth of p carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and closely related strains. pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a causative bacterium for soft rot disease and leads to severe economic losses. bacteriocins recognize and interact with a specific membrane protein of target bacteria as a receptor. to identify the receptor responsible for carocin d recognition, mutants that unde ...201627915254
hydrogen cyanide in the rhizosphere: not suppressing plant pathogens, but rather regulating availability of phosphate.plant growth promoting rhizobacteria produce chemical compounds with different benefits for the plant. among them, hcn is recognized as a biocontrol agent, based on its ascribed toxicity against plant pathogens. based on several past studies questioning the validity of this hypothesis, we have re-addressed the issue by designing a new set of in vitro experiments, to test if hcn-producing rhizobacteria could inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. the level of hcn produced by the rhizobacteria in v ...201627917154
oxygen and bis(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate binding control oligomerization state equilibria of diguanylate cyclase-containing globin coupled sensors.bacteria sense their environment to alter phenotypes, including biofilm formation, to survive changing conditions. heme proteins play important roles in sensing the bacterial gaseous environment and controlling the switch between motile and sessile (biofilm) states. globin coupled sensors (gcs), a family of heme proteins consisting of a globin domain linked by a central domain to an output domain, are often found with diguanylate cyclase output domains that synthesize c-di-gmp, a major regulator ...201627933792
draft genome of a south african strain of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense.the draft genome of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (pcb) which causes blackleg of potato was submitted to the ncbi and released with reference number nz_lgrf00000000.1. the estimated genome size based on the draft genome assembly is 4,820,279bp from 33 contigs ranging in length from 444 to 1,660,019 nucleotides. the genome annotation showed 4250 putative genes, 4114 cds and 43 pseudo-genes. three complete rrna gene species were detected: nine 5s, one 16s and one 23s. other partial ...201627939377
draft genome of a south african strain of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense.the draft genome of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (pcb) which causes blackleg of potato was submitted to the ncbi and released with reference number nz_lgrf00000000.1. the estimated genome size based on the draft genome assembly is 4,820,279bp from 33 contigs ranging in length from 444 to 1,660,019 nucleotides. the genome annotation showed 4250 putative genes, 4114 cds and 43 pseudo-genes. three complete rrna gene species were detected: nine 5s, one 16s and one 23s. other partial ...201627939377
quorum sensing and the use of quorum quenchers as natural biocides to inhibit sulfate-reducing bacteria.sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) are one of the main protagonist groups of biocorrosion in the seawater environment. given their principal role in biocorrosion, it remains a crucial task to develop strategies to reduce the abundance of srbs. conventional approaches include the use of biocides and antibiotics, which can impose health, safety, and environmental concerns. this review examines an alternative approach to this problem. this is achieved by reviewing the role of quorum sensing (qs) in sr ...201627983678
a somatic pirna pathway in the drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan.in gonadal tissues, the piwi-interacting (pirna) pathway preserves genomic integrity by employing 23-29 nucleotide (nt) small rnas complexed with argonaute proteins to suppress parasitic mobile sequences of dna called transposable elements (tes). although recent evidence suggests that the pirna pathway may be present in select somatic cells outside the gonads, the role of a non-gonadal somatic pirna pathway is not well characterized. here we report a functional somatic pirna pathway in the adult ...201628000665
a halotolerant bacterium bacillus licheniformis hsw-16 augments induced systemic tolerance to salt stress in wheat plant (triticum aestivum).certain plant growth promoting bacteria can protect associated plants from harmful effects of salinity. we report the isolation and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase bacterium bacillus licheniformis hsw-16 capable of ameliorating salt (nacl) stress in wheat plants. the bacterium was isolated from the water of sambhar salt lake, rajasthan, india. the presence of acc deaminase activity was confirmed by enzyme assay and analysis of acds gene, a structural gen ...201628018415
biochemical characterization, thermal stability, and partial sequence of a novel exo-polygalacturonase from the thermophilic fungus rhizomucor pusillus a13.36 obtained by submerged cultivation.this work reports the production of an exo-polygalacturonase (exo-pg) by rhizomucor pusillus a13.36 in submerged cultivation (smc) in a shaker at 45°c for 96 h. a single pectinase was found and purified in order to analyze its thermal stability, by salt precipitation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the pectinase has an estimated mw of approximately 43.5-47 kda and optimum ph of 4.0 but is stable in ph ranging from 3.5 to 9.5 and has an optimum temperature of 61°c. it presents thermal ...201628025649
crispr-cas defense system and potential prophages in cyanobacteria associated with the coral black band disease.understanding how pathogens maintain their virulence is critical to developing tools to mitigate disease in animal populations. we sequenced and assembled the first draft genome of roseofilum reptotaenium ao1, the dominant cyanobacterium underlying pathogenicity of the virulent coral black band disease (bbd), and analyzed parts of the bbd-associated geitlerinema sp. bbd_1991 genome in silico. both cyanobacteria are equipped with an adaptive, heritable clustered regularly interspaced short palind ...201628066391
rna-seq profiling reveals defense responses in a tolerant potato cultivar to stem infection by pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. brasiliense.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense is a member of the soft rot enterobacteriaceae (sre) family that causes tuber soft rot and blackleg diseases of stems in potato plants. currently, there are no effective chemical strategies for the control of members of the sre. thus, an understanding of the inducible defense responses in stems of potato plants is important, particularly during colonization of the vascular system. here, time-course rna-sequencing analysis was used to compare expresse ...201628066465
peroxidase-generated apoplastic ros impair cuticle integrity and contribute to damp-elicited defenses.cuticular defects trigger a battery of reactions including enhanced reactive oxygen species (ros) production and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. however, the source of ros generated by such impaired cuticles has remained elusive. here, we report the characterization of arabidopsis thaliana ohy1 mutant, a peroxidase 57 (per57) - overexpressing line that demonstrates enhanced defense responses that result both from increased accumulation of ros and permeability of the leaf cuticle. the ohy1 ...201628066496
development of a sensitive and specific polyclonal antibody for serological detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus.the quarantine bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) causes bacterial ring rot (brr) in potato but is difficult to detect, hampering the diagnosis of this disease. elisa immunoassays have not been widely used to detect cms because commercially available anti-cms antibodies detect mainly eps-producing bacteria and can fail to detect strains that do not produce eps. in the current study, we developed a new type of polyclonal antibody that specifically detects clavibacter mic ...201728068400
expanding the repertoire of carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-ß-lactamases by functional metagenomic analysis of soil microbiota.carbapenemases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze carbapenems, a group of last-resort β-lactam antibiotics used for treatment of severe bacterial infections. they belong to three β-lactamase classes based amino acid sequence (a, b, and d). the aim of this study was to elucidate occurrence, diversity and functionality of carbapenemase-encoding genes in soil microbiota by functional metagenomics. ten plasmid libraries were generated by cloning metagenomic dna from agricultural (n = 6) and grassl ...201628082950
bacillus volatiles adversely affect the physiology and ultra-structure of ralstonia solanacearum and induce systemic resistance in tobacco against bacterial wilt.volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by various bacteria have significant potential to enhance plant growth and to control phytopathogens. six of the most effective antagonistic bacillus spp. were used in this study against ralstonia solanacearum (rsc) tbbs1, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco. bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 and bacillus artrophaeus lssc22 had the strongest inhibitory effect against rsc. thirteen vocs produced by fzb42 and 10 by lssc22 were identified ...201728091587
short oligogalacturonides induce pathogen resistance-associated gene expression in arabidopsis thaliana.oligogalacturonides (ogs) are important components of damage-associated molecular pattern (damp) signaling and influence growth regulation in plants. recent studies have focused on the impact of long ogs (degree of polymerization (dp) from 10-15), demonstrating the induction of plant defense signaling resulting in enhanced defenses to necrotrophic pathogens. to clarify the role of trimers (trimeric ogs, dp3) in damp signaling and their impact on plant growth regulation, we performed a transcript ...201728103793
computer aided identification of a hevein-like antimicrobial peptide of bell pepper leaves for biotechnological use.antimicrobial peptides from plants present mechanisms of action that are different from those of conventional defense agents. they are under-explored but have a potential as commercial antimicrobials. bell pepper leaves ('magali r') are discarded after harvesting the fruit and are sources of bioactive peptides. this work reports the isolation by peptidomics tools, and the identification and partially characterization by computational tools of an antimicrobial peptide from bell pepper leaves, and ...201628105928
native and foreign proteins secreted by the cupriavidus metallidurans type ii system and an alternative mechanism.the type ii secretion system (t2ss), which transports selected periplasmic proteins across the outer membrane, has rarely been studied in nonpathogens or in organisms classified as betaproteobacteria. therefore, we studied cupriavidus metallidurans (cme), a facultative chemilithoautotroph. gel analysis of extracellular proteins revealed no remarkable differences between wild type and t2ss mutants. however, enzyme assays revealed that native extracellular alkaline phosphatase is a t2ss substrate, ...201728119513
the role of strigolactones and their potential cross-talk under hostile ecological conditions in plants.the changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. the plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. to counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. the strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone h ...201628119634
the role of strigolactones and their potential cross-talk under hostile ecological conditions in plants.the changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. the plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. to counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. the strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone h ...201628119634
essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives.aromatic and medicinal plants produce essential oils in the form of secondary metabolites. these essential oils can be used in diverse applications in food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. the use of essential oils as antimicrobials and food preservative agents is of concern because of several reported side effects of synthetic oils. essential oils have the potential to be used as a food preservative for cereals, grains, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. in this review, we briefly describe the r ...201628138324
essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives.aromatic and medicinal plants produce essential oils in the form of secondary metabolites. these essential oils can be used in diverse applications in food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. the use of essential oils as antimicrobials and food preservative agents is of concern because of several reported side effects of synthetic oils. essential oils have the potential to be used as a food preservative for cereals, grains, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. in this review, we briefly describe the r ...201628138324
bacterial expression, correct membrane targeting and functional folding of the hiv-1 membrane protein vpu using a periplasmic signal peptide.viral protein u (vpu) is a type-iii integral membrane protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv- 1). it is expressed in infected host cells and plays several roles in viral progeny escape from infected cells, including down-regulation of cd4 receptors. but key structure/function questions remain regarding the mechanisms by which the vpu protein contributes to hiv-1 pathogenesis. here we describe expression of vpu in bacteria, its purification and characterization. we report the succ ...201728225803
drosophila larvae food intake cessation following exposure to erwinia contaminated media requires odor perception, trpa1 channel and evf virulence factor.when exposed to microorganisms, animals use several protective strategies. on one hand, as elegantly exemplified in drosophila melanogaster, the innate immune system recognizes microbial compounds and triggers an antimicrobial response. on the other hand, behaviors preventing an extensive contact with the microbes and thus reducing the risk of infection have been described. however, these reactions ranging from microbes aversion to intestinal transit increase or food intake decrease have been ra ...201728232220
[suppression of telomerase activity leukemic cells by mutant forms of rhodospirillum rubrum l-asparaginase].the active and stable mutant forms of short chain cytoplasmic l-asparaginase type i of rhodospirillum rubrum (rra): rra+n17, d60k, f61l, rra+n17, a64v, e67k, rra+n17, e149r, v150p, rrae149r, v150p and rrae149r, v150p, f151t were obtained by the method of site-directed mutagenesis. it is established that variants rra-n17, e149r, v150p, f151t and rrаe149r, v150p are capable to reduce an expression htert subunit of telomerase and, hence, activity of telomeres in jurkat cells, but not in cellular ly ...201728251953
the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond.type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ...201728264910
growth of bacterial phytopathogens in animal manures.animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. we monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pectobacterium atros ...201728319994
draft genome sequences of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae icmp 19971 and icmp 19972, two strains isolated from actinidia chinensis with symptoms of summer canker in south korea.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae is the causal agent of summer canker in kiwifruit plants in south korea. we report here the draft genome sequences of two p. carotovorum subsp. actinidiae strains, icmp 19971 and icmp 19972, which were originally isolated from actinidia chinensis with symptoms of summer canker. these genome sequences will aid in the identification of genetic traits associated with their unusual capacity to cause canker and help understanding of the threat these exotic ...201728385839
genomic characterization of bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 infecting pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a new member of a proposed genus in the subfamily autographivirinae.bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 (pp2) is a novel virulent phage that infects the plant-pathogenic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. pp2 phage has a 41,841-bp double-stranded dna encoding 47 proteins, and it was identified as a member of the family podoviridae by transmission electron microscopy. nineteen of its open reading frames (orfs) show homology to functional proteins, and 28 orfs have been characterized as hypothetical proteins. pp2 phage is homologous to cronobacter phag ...201728409265
molecular and biochemical characterization of recombinant cel12b, cel8c, and peh28 overexpressed in escherichia coli and their potential in biofuel production.the high crystallinity of cellulosic biomass myofibrils as well as the complexity of their intermolecular structure is a significant impediment for biofuel production. cloning of celb-, celc-encoded cellulases (cel12b and cel8c) and peh-encoded polygalacturonase (peh28) from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) was carried out in our previous study using escherichia coli as a host vector. the current study partially characterizes the enzymes' molecular structures as well as their ...201728413443
hqia, a novel quorum-quenching enzyme which expands the ahl lactonase family.the screening of a metagenomic library of 250,000 clones generated from a hypersaline soil (spain) allowed us to identify a single positive clone which confers the ability to degrade n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). the sequencing of the fosmid revealed a 42,318 bp environmental insert characterized by 46 orfs. the subcloning of these orfs demonstrated that a single gene (hqia) allowed ahl degradation. enzymatic analysis using purified hqia and hplc/ms revealed that this protein has lactonase ...201728424524
pcr denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a useful method to identify of intestinal bacteria flora in haemaphysalis flava ticks.ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary significance that can transmit bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, causing a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. in the present study, the intestinal bacterial flora associated with haemaphysalis flava ticks in different developmental stages were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). eleven distinct dgge bands were found using pcr-dgge method. sequence ...201728426403
a novel quorum-quenching n-acylhomoserine lactone acylase from acidovorax sp. strain mr-s7 mediates antibiotic resistance.n-acylhomoserine lactone acylase (ahl acylase) is a well-known enzyme responsible for disrupting cell-cell communication (quorum sensing) in bacteria. here, we isolated and characterized a novel and unique ahl acylase (designated macq) from a multidrug-resistant bacterium, acidovorax sp. strain mr-s7. the purified macq protein heterologously expressed in escherichia coli degraded a wide variety of ahls, ranging from c6 to c14 side chains with or without 3-oxo substitutions. we also observed that ...201728455333
signal integration in quorum sensing enables cross-species induction of virulence in pectobacterium wasabiae.bacterial communities can sense their neighbors, regulating group behaviors in response to cell density and environmental changes. the diversity of signaling networks in a single species has been postulated to allow custom responses to different stimuli; however, little is known about how multiple signals are integrated and the implications of this integration in different ecological contexts. in the plant pathogen pectobacterium wasabiae (formerly erwinia carotovora), two signaling networks-the ...201728536283
influence of the ferric uptake regulator (fur) protein on pathogenicity in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense.iron is an important nutrient for the survival and growth of many organisms. in order to survive, iron uptake from the environment must be strictly regulated and maintained to avoid iron toxicity. the ferric uptake regulator protein (fur) regulates genes involved in iron homeostasis in many bacteria, including phytopathogens. however, to date, the role played by fur in the biology of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (pcb1692), an important pathogen of potatoes, has not yet been stud ...201728545065
pectin-conjugated silica microcapsules as dual-responsive carriers for increasing the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of kasugamycin.kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from streptomyces kasugaensis, which has been widely used for the management of plant diseases. however, photo-thermal instability and low efficiency limit its application. therefore, it is an urgent task to prevent unwanted loss of kasugamycin and ensure maximum bioactivity at target site. in this work, a novel formulation of kasugamycin that responds to different biological stimuli produced by pests was prepared using silica micro ...201728606541
oxygen-dependent globin coupled sensor signaling modulates motility and virulence of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum.bacterial pathogens utilize numerous signals to identify the presence of their host and coordinate changes in gene expression that allow for infection. within plant pathogens, these signals typically include small molecules and/or proteins from their plant hosts and bacterial quorum sensing molecules to ensure sufficient bacterial cell density for successful infection. in addition, bacteria use environmental signals to identify conditions when the host defenses are weakened and potentially to si ...201728612602
cytr homolog of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum controls air-liquid biofilm formation by regulating multiple genes involved in cellulose production, c-di-gmp signaling, motility, and type iii secretion system in response to nutritional and environmental signals.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum [pcc (formerly erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora)] pc1 causes soft-rot disease in a wide variety of plant species by secreting multiple pathogenicity-related traits. in this study, regulatory mechanism of air-liquid (al) biofilm formation was studied using a cytr homolog gene deletion mutant (δcytr) of pcc pc1. compared to the wild type (pcc pc1), the δcytr mutant produced fragile and significantly (p < 0.001) lower amounts of al biofilm on salt-o ...201728620360
a novel stress response mechanism, triggered by indole, involved in quorum quenching enzyme moml and iron-sulfur cluster in muricauda olearia th120.indole, as a signal molecule, is involved in multiple physiological behavior including biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and virulence. in this study, we demonstrated that indole was involved in iron deficient and h2o2 stress response in muricauda olearia th120. transcriptome analysis showed that totally 206 genes were regulated by exogenous indole. besides, moml-suf gene cluster, consisting of quorum quenching enzyme coding gene moml and iron-sulfur biosynthetic genes suf, were involved ...201728652609
the sal-pap chloroplast retrograde pathway contributes to plant immunity by regulating glucosinolate pathway and phytohormone signaling.chloroplasts have a crucial role in plant immunity against pathogens. increasing evidence suggests that phytopathogens target chloroplast homeostasis as a pathogenicity mechanism. in order to regulate the performance of chloroplasts under stress conditions, chloroplasts produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression. many signals for the chloroplast retrograde pathway have been identified, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species, and metabolic retrograde signals ...201728703028
plant growth and resistance promoted by streptomyces spp. in tomato.plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) represent an alternative to improve plant growth and yield as well as to act as agents of biocontrol. this study characterized isolates of streptomyces spp. (stm) as pgpr, determined the antagonism of these isolates against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (pcb), evaluated the ability of stm on promoting growth and modulating the defense-related metabolism of tomato plants, and the potential of stm isolates on reducing soft rot disease in ...201728756346
analysis of bacterial carbapenem antibiotic production genes reveals a novel β-lactam biosynthesis pathway.carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics which have an increasing utility in chemotherapy, particularly for nosocomial, multidrug-resistant infections. strain gs101 of the bacterial phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora, makes the simple β-lactam antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. we have mapped and sequenced the erwinia genes encoding carbapenem production and have cloned these genes into escherichia coli where we have reconstituted, for the first time, functional expression of the β-lactam ...199628777504
bacterial diseases of bananas and enset: current state of knowledge and integrated approaches toward sustainable management.bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (mycosphaerella fijiensis) and fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). however, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1) ...201728785275
the arabidopsis defensin gene, atpdf1.1, mediates defence against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum via an iron-withholding defence system.plant defensins (pdfs) are cysteine-rich peptides that have a range of biological functions, including defence against fungal pathogens. however, little is known about their role in defence against bacteria. in this study, we showed that the protein encoded by arabidopsis thaliana plant defensin type 1.1 (atpdf1.1) is a secreted protein that can chelate apoplastic iron. transcripts of atpdf1.1 were induced in both systemic non-infected leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants and those infected wit ...201728835670
wrky70 and its homolog wrky54 negatively modulate the cell wall-associated defenses to necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis.previous studies have identified the arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor wrky70 as a node of convergence for salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja)-mediated defense signal pathways and, together with its closest homolog wrky54, as a negative regulator of sa biosynthesis. here, we demonstrate that wrky70 together with wrky54 negatively affect the response of arabidopsis to the necrotrophic pathogens pectobacterium carotovorum and botrytis cinerea, but not to the hemibiotroph pseudomonas ...201728837631
sde5, a putative rna export protein, participates in plant innate immunity through a flagellin-dependent signaling pathway in arabidopsis.in eukaryotes, rna silencing, mediated by small interfering rnas, is an evolutionarily widespread and versatile silencing mechanism that plays an important role in various biological processes. increasing evidences suggest that various components of rna silencing pathway are involved in plant defense machinery against microbial pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana. here, we show genetic and molecular evidence that arabidopsis sde5 is required to generate an effective resistance against the biotroph ...201728851870
the ribosomal protein rply is required for pectobacterium carotovorum virulence and is induced by zantedeschia elliotiana extract.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain pccs1, a bacterial pathogen causing soft rot disease of zantedeschia elliotiana (colored calla), was investigated for virulence genes induced by the host plant. using a promoter-trap transposon (mariner), we obtained 500 transposon mutants showing kanamycin resistance dependent on extract of z. elliotiana. one of these mutants, pm86, exhibited attenuated virulence on both z. elliotiana and brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. the growth of pm86 wa ...201728853642
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