Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| bacteriological efficacy of 5-day therapy with telithromycin in acute maxillary sinusitis. | increasing resistance among the key pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections, namely streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, has the potential to limit the effectiveness of the antibacterial agents available to treat these infections. moreover, there are regional differences in the susceptibility patterns observed and, as treatment is usually empirical, choosing an effective treatment can be challenging. telithromycin, the firs ... | 2005 | 15737519 |
| mixed bacterial meningitis due to streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis in an 18-month-old child. | we report an unusual case of culture-proven pneumococcal and meningococcal mixed meningitis in an 18-month-old girl. the patient responded well to antimicrobial therapy and recovered completely without sequelae. no underlying condition could be demonstrated except a rhinitis of unknown etiology 2 days before the onset of the symptoms suggesting meningitis. | 2005 | 15750140 |
| antibiotic activity of telithromycin and comparators against bacterial pathogens isolated from 3,043 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | antimicrobial therapy is considered an important component in the medical management of most patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). the three predominant bacterial species isolated are nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. staphylococcus aureus is also frequently isolated while atypical bacteria are thought to cause up to 10% of exacerbations. antibacterial resistance is increasing worldwide and little surveillance data e ... | 2005 | 15755326 |
| bacterial otitis media: a vaccine preventable disease? | otitis media (om) is the most common childhood illness for which medical advice is sought. whilst the disease rarely results in death, there is a significant level of morbidity and economic burden on the community. although the causes of om are multifactoral, bacterial and viral infections are the single most important cause. bacteria responsible for infections of the middle ear are predominantly, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. antibiotics ... | 2005 | 15755616 |
| moxifloxacin in respiratory tract infections. | moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against respiratory pathogens, including gram-positive (streptococcus pneumoniae), gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis), and atypical strains (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae), as well as multi-drug resistant s. pneumoniae, including strains resistant to penicillin, macrolides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and some fluoroquinolones. moxifloxacin is highly c ... | 2005 | 15757424 |
| mimivirus in pneumonia patients. | mimivirus, the largest virus known to date, is an amebal pathogen-like legionella sp. when mimivirus was used as an antigen in a microimmunofluorescense assay, seroconversion was found in patients with both community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. mimivirus dna was found in respiratory samples of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. | 2005 | 15757563 |
| in vitro investigation of the indirect pathogenicity of beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms in the nasopharyngeal microflora. | nasopharyngeal microflora contains some beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms. in this study, we investigated in vitro on the indirect pathogenicities of haemophilus parainfluenzae (h. parainfluenzae) and moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) against the antipneumococcul activities of some beta-lactams. | 2005 | 15763284 |
| [susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis to antibiotics]. | a total of 98 isolates of branhamella catarrhalis were examined for their susceptibility to antibiotics using serial dilution method. nitrocefin test was employed for detection of beta-lactamase activity. it was found that most of the isolates (71%) were resistant to ampicillin. resistance to this antibiotic was accompanied by ability to beta-lactamase production. on the other hand, all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination. almost all isolates were susceptible t ... | 2004 | 15773499 |
| transcriptional slippage in bacteria: distribution in sequenced genomes and utilization in is element gene expression. | transcription slippage occurs on certain patterns of repeat mononucleotides, resulting in synthesis of a heterogeneous population of mrnas. individual mrna molecules within this population differ in the number of nucleotides they contain that are not specified by the template. when transcriptional slippage occurs in a coding sequence, translation of the resulting mrnas yields more than one protein product. except where the products of the resulting mrnas have distinct functions, transcription sl ... | 2005 | 15774026 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization by moraxella catarrhalis and study of antimicrobial susceptibility in healthy children from cuban day-care centers. | the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of moraxella catarrhalis was determined for the first time in cuba. one-hundred fifty healthy children attending three day-care centers in the municipality of marianao, havana city were studied. the percentage of recovering bacteria in nasal and pharyngeal swabs was compared. antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulan ... | 2005 | 15778001 |
| haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane determinants, including dsra, define two clonal populations. | the haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane component dsra (for ducreyi serum resistance a) is necessary for complete resistance to normal human serum (nhs). when dsra expression in 19 temporally and geographically diverse clinical isolates of h. ducreyi was examined by western blotting, 5 of the strains expressed a different immunotype of the dsra protein (dsra(ii)) than the well-characterized prototypical strain 35000hp (dsra(i)). the predicted dsra proteins expressed by the dsra(ii) strains were 1 ... | 2005 | 15784585 |
| the uspa2 protein of moraxella catarrhalis is directly involved in the expression of serum resistance. | many strains of moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. previous studies have shown that mutations involving the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cartridge into the m. catarrhalis uspa2 gene resulted in the conversion of a serum-resistant strain to a serum-sensitive phenotype. in the present study, the deletion of the entire uspa2 gene from the serum-resistant m. catarrhalis strain o35e resulted in a serum-sensitive phenotype and did not affec ... | 2005 | 15784586 |
| acquisition of resistance to carbapenems in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of acinetobacter baumannii: natural insertional inactivation of a gene encoding a member of a novel family of beta-barrel outer membrane proteins. | the outer membrane proteins responsible for the influx of carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics in the nonfermentative gram-negative pathogen acinetobacter baumannii are still poorly characterized. resistance to both imipenem and meropenem in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of a. baumannii is associated with the loss of a heat-modifiable 29-kda outer membrane protein, designated caro. the chromosomal locus containing the caro gene was cloned and characterized from different clinical isolates. ... | 2005 | 15793123 |
| comparative antimicrobial characterization of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor of clinical importance. | lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. in this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to over-represent resistance trends among the species were summarized. all staphylococci (153 strains; mic at whi ... | 2005 | 15793128 |
| mutant prevention concentrations of abt-492, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against three common respiratory pathogens. | the purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of abt-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of mpc/mic, for all isolates. | 2005 | 15793158 |
| weekly point prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the upper airways of normal young children: effect of respiratory illness and season. | the aim was to determine the effect of respiratory illness and season on carriage rates in the upper airways of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in normal children. sixteen healthy children, 1-10 years old, amenable to weekly sampling were followed longitudinally for at least three seasons of the year. respiratory symptoms were recorded daily; weekly nasal aspirate/wash samples were cultured on selective agars. urea concentration in samples was used to de ... | 2005 | 15799766 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is characterized by disputes over diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic decisions. with the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the etiology and the drug resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for cap have changed. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2005 | 15802165 |
| moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: burden of disease and immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is frequently present in the sputum of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the role of m. catarrhalis in this common disease. | 2005 | 15805178 |
| cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems. | cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. an in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens. activities were determined by national committee for clinical laboratory standards microbroth dilution methodology using an inoculum of approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. cefdinir was the single or equally most pote ... | 2005 | 15808317 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of potential bacterial pathogens in adults with acute respiratory tract infections prospective epidemiological network investigating community-acquired infection surveillance in nagasaki (penicillin) study. | the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in acute upper respiratory tract infections (aurtis) is not clear. we conducted a prospective community-based multicenter study in 45 centers across nagasaki, japan, between december 2001 and april 2002. we examined the nasopharyngeal or throat isolates in 930 adult outpatients with aurtis. potential bacterial pathogens, including streptococcus pyogenes (from 6.8% patients), s. pneumoniae (5.3%), s. milleri group (2.0%) ... | 2005 | 15808319 |
| identification of a conserved moraxella catarrhalis haemoglobin-utilization protein, mhua. | moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of acute otitis media in children and is a cause of respiratory disease in adults with underlying lung disease. this organism is a strict human pathogen that has an absolute requirement for iron in order to grow and cause disease. previous studies identified transferrin and lactoferrin receptors used by m. catarrhalis to obtain iron from the human host, yet other iron-acquisition systems remain undefined. in this study, it is demonstrated that this strict ... | 2005 | 15817782 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced septic arthritis of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anakinra: comment on the article by schiff et al. | 2005 | 15818660 | |
| microbiology of sinusitis and the predictive value of throat culture for the aetiology of sinusitis. | a prospective study of throat cultures and maxillary sinus aspirates from children with chronic sinusitis (n = 21), acute sinusitis (n = 28) or a clinical diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis (n = 41) was performed. seventy-two bacterial pathogens were isolated from sinus aspirates from 52% of the study population. haemophilus influenzae was most common pathogen, followed by moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and group a streptococci. quantitative throat cultures ... | 2005 | 15819870 |
| usefulness of the japanese respiratory society guidelines for community pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a general hospital. | the aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and to evaluate the japanese respiratory society (jrs) guidelines. | 2005 | 15823187 |
| pathogenesis of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. | over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) pathogenesis have taken place. the typical class of daec includes e. coli strains harboring afae-i, afae-ii, afae-iii, afae-v, dr, dr-ii, f1845, and nfa-i adhesins (afa/dr daec); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (daf) (afa/dr(daf) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) (afa/dr(cea) subclass). the atypi ... | 2005 | 15831825 |
| characterization of a cluster of three glycosyltransferase enzymes essential for moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. | moraxella catarrhalis isolates express lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on their surface, which share epitopes similar to that of the neisseria and haemophilus species. these common los epitopes have been implicated in various steps of pathogenesis for the different organisms. in this study, a cluster of three los glycosyltransferase genes (lgt) were identified in m. catarrhalis 7169, a strain that produces a serotype b los. mutants in these glycosyltransferase genes were constructed, and the ... | 2005 | 15838019 |
| outer membrane protein p6 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a potent and selective inducer of human macrophage proinflammatory cytokines. | interactions of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) with human macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of nthi-induced infection in humans. however, the immunologic mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate nthi-mediated macrophage responses have not been well explored. outer membrane protein (omp) p6 is a conserved lipoprotein expressed by nthi in vivo that possesses a pam(3)cys terminal motif, characteristic of immunoactive bacterial lipoproteins associated with toll-like receptor signa ... | 2005 | 15845475 |
| synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines for serotype b moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium that elicits bactericidal antibodies. serological studies show that three major los types (a, b, and c) have been identified among clinical isolates. our previous studies demonstrated that the type a los-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals. in this study, los from type b strain 26397 was detoxified ... | 2005 | 15845482 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2005 | 15847719 |
| a novel plasmid (pemcjh03) isolated from moraxella catarrhalis possibly useful as a cloning and expression vector within this species. | a preliminary screening study of six moraxella catarrhalis isolates from primary school children in the netherlands identified a small 3.5 kb plasmid (pemcjh03), containing four open reading frames, which encoded three mobilizing and one replicase protein. insertion of a kanamycin containing transposon (yielding pemcjh04) allowed selection and isolation of the plasmid in escherichia coli. natural transformation of pemcjh04 into m. catarrhalis was successful for 25% (3/12) of non-isogenic isolate ... | 2004 | 15848230 |
| [in vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 11,475 clinical isolates obtained from 52 centers in 2002]. | the susceptibilities of bacteria to fluoroquinolones (fqs), especially levofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents were investigated using 11,475 clinical isolates collected in japan during 2002. methicillin susceptible staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, the family of enterobactericeae, haemophilus influenzae and acinetobacter spp. exhibited stable and high susceptibilities to fqs. the rate of fqs-resistant mrsa was 80 approximately 90%, bein ... | 2005 | 15849869 |
| telithromycin: the first ketolide for the treatment of respiratory infections. | the pharmacology, mechanisms of resistance, in vitro activity, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of telithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections are reviewed. | 2005 | 15851496 |
| mechanism of action of a novel series of naphthyridine-type ribosome inhibitors: enhancement of trna footprinting at the decoding site of 16s rrna. | the novel ribosome inhibitors (nris) are a broad-spectrum naphthyridine class that selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (p. j. dandliker et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 47:3831-3839, 2003). footprinting experiments, using a range of nris and chemical modification agents on escherichia coli ribosomes, revealed no evidence for direct protection of rrna. in the presence of trna, however, we found that nris enhanced the known ribosomal footprinting pattern of trna in a dose-depende ... | 2005 | 15855511 |
| antipneumococcal activity of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftobiprole (previously known as bal9141), an anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, was very highly active against a panel of 299 drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci, with mic(50) and mic(90) values (microg/ml) of 0.016 and 0.016 (penicillin susceptible), 0.06 and 0.5 (penicillin intermediate), and 0.5 and 1.0 (penicillin resistant). ceftobiprole, imipenem, and ertapenem had lower mics against all pneumococcal strains than amoxicillin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ce ... | 2005 | 15855516 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2004 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2005 | 15855554 | |
| pharmacodynamics of an 800-mg dose of telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by extracellular pathogens. | the pharmacodynamics of telithromycin, a new ketolide antibacterial, was examined in 115 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). patients received telithromycin 800 mg qd for 7-10 days. pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, and exposure was linked to microbiological outcome using logistic regression analysis. a breakpoint for increased probability of microbiological eradication was developed and was found to be the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve (auc) to minimum ... | 2005 | 15878442 |
| treatment of acute exacerbation of severe-to-very severe copd with azithromycin in patients vaccinated against streptococcus pneumoniae. | sixty-five consecutive eligible adult patients, who were treated as outpatients for stable severe-to-very severe copd, were enrolled in the study. all of them received 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine intramuscularly. patients were seen monthly, as well as whenever they had symptoms suggestive of an exacerbation, at our outpatient clinic. eighteen out of 65 patients suffered from acute exacerbation (aecopd). three of these patients presented two episodes of aecopd. patients ... | 2005 | 15878482 |
| microbiology of middle ear effusions from 292 patients undergoing tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease. | otitis media is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood illnesses. ideally, culture directed therapy for otitis media would be available, however, the common approach is to treat infections with antibiotics that cover the most common pathogens. the objective of this study is to describe the pathogens cultured from the middle ear effusions (mee) of patients that underwent tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease, compare these results with previous studies, and assess for trends su ... | 2005 | 15885332 |
| steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tigecycline. | the steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of tigecycline were determined after intravenous administration in 30 subjects. tigecycline was administered as a 100mg loading dose followed by six 50mg doses given every 12h and was measured using hplc/mass spectrometry. ratios of tigecycline maximum serum concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve to 90%-minimum inhibitory concentrations (c(max)/mic(90); auc/mic(90)), and percentage t ... | 2005 | 15885987 |
| long-term effects on the nasopharyngeal flora of children following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media with cefdinir or amoxycillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of 10 days of amoxycillin-clavulanate or cefdinir antimicrobial therapy was studied in 50 children with acute otitis media. before therapy, 17 potential pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) were isolated from the nasopharynx of 14 (56%) of those treated with amoxycillin-clavulanate, and 20 potential pathogens were recovered from 15 (60%) of those treated with cefdinir. following therapy, at days 12 ... | 2005 | 15888464 |
| bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with nasal polyposis. | aspirates from 48 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses from patients who had nasal polyposis were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. bacterial growth was present in 46 (96%) specimens. aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 6 (13%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria alone in 18 (39%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 22 (48%). there were 110 bacterial isolates (2.4 per specimen). thirty-nine of the isolates were aerobic or facultative organisms (0.85 per specimen). th ... | 2005 | 15888469 |
| telithromycin: a ketolide antibiotic for treatment of respiratory tract infections. | telithromycin, a recently approved ketolide antibiotic derived from 14-membered macrolides, is active against erythromycin-resistant pneumococci. telithromycin has enhanced activity in vitro because it binds not only to domain v of ribosomal rna (like macrolides do) but also to domain ii. however, it is not active against streptococci and staphylococci with constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance. telithromycin, available in an oral formulation, is approved by the us ... | 2005 | 15889365 |
| guide to selection of fluoroquinolones in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. | newer fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and gemifloxacin have several attributes that make them excellent choices for the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. in particular, they have excellent intrinsic activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and the atypical respiratory pathogens. fluoroquinolones may be used as monotherapy to treat high-risk patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and fo ... | 2005 | 15892589 |
| gemifloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections: in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety. | gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, such as the important community-acquired respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug-resistant s. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae , and moraxella catarrhalis . the agent's mechanism of action involves dual targeting of two essential bacterial enzymes: dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. gemifloxacin was approved by the food an ... | 2005 | 15899734 |
| identification of surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis as targets of human serum antibody responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important respiratory tract pathogen, causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). adults with copd make antibody responses to m. catarrhalis following infection, but little is known about the identity of the antigens to which these antibodies are directed. in this study, 12 serum samples obtained from adults with copd who had cleared m. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract follo ... | 2005 | 15908376 |
| investigation about the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. | nasopharynx is thought to be a very important site as becterial reservoir for acute otitis media (aom). in this study, we investigated on the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with aom. | 2005 | 15911015 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of new n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones. | a new series of n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones with varying substitution at the piperazine nitrogen 4-position were synthesized and tested against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including clinical isolates. most of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity against susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms. one of the compounds showed enhanced antibacterial activity against moraxella catarrhalis. | 2005 | 15911326 |
| [efficacy and safety of telithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of 5 days of telithromycin (800 mg once a day) in the treatment of bacteriologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis (ams). | 2005 | 15914288 |
| occurrence of hypermutable pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with the oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic lung infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by the reactive oxygen species (ros) liberated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). we formulated the hypothesis that oxidation of the bacterial dna by ros presents an increased risk for the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa. the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa isolates was investigated directly in the sputum of 79 c ... | 2005 | 15917521 |
| comparative in vitro activities of investigational peptide deformylase inhibitor nvp lbm-415 and other agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm-415 and seven other drugs were tested against mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and ureaplasma species (50 isolates). lbm-415 was active against m. pneumoniae (mics, <or=0.008 microg/ml). it showed no activity against m. hominis and m. fermentans and modest activity against ureaplasma spp. | 2005 | 15917568 |
| efficacy and safety of telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 7 days in community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicenter study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. telithromycin (a new ketolide) has shown good in vitro activity against the key causative pathogens of cap, including s pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and/or macrolides. | 2005 | 15927060 |
| acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pyogenes in children. | streptococcus pyogenes, or group a beta -hemolytic streptococcus (gas), is an important causative agent of bacterial pharyngotonsillititis and skin, soft-tissue, and invasive infections. although it is also an important pathogen in acute otitis media (aom), its exact role has not been determined. | 2005 | 15937760 |
| recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. | active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. in an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of sm ... | 2005 | 15947322 |
| microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis. | sinusitis generally develops as a complication of viral or allergic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. the bacterial pathogens in acute sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, while anaerobic bacteria and staphylococcus aureus are predominant in chronic sinusitis. pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in those who have nasal tubes or catheters, or are intubated. many of these organ ... | 2005 | 15949076 |
| extended release amoxicillin/clavulanate: optimizing a product for respiratory infections based on pharmacodynamic principles. | acute bacterial respiratory tract infections cause a great deal of human morbidity and mortality. treatment guidelines for these infections include macrolides, doxycycline, beta-lactams and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to provide coverage for the common respiratory pathogens, including penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in r ... | 2005 | 15954852 |
| the clinical course of acute otitis media in high-risk australian aboriginal children: a longitudinal study. | it is unclear why some children with acute otitis media (aom) have poor outcomes. our aim was to describe the clinical course of aom and the associated bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in a high-risk population of australian aboriginal children. | 2005 | 15955251 |
| roles of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid transferase from moraxella catarrhalis in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major outer membrane component of moraxella catarrhalis, is a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the organism. however, information about the roles of the oligosaccharide chain from los in bacterial infection remains limited. here, a kdta gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase, which is responsible for adding kdo residues to the lipid a portion of the los, was identified by transposon mutagenesis an ... | 2005 | 15972513 |
| antifolate activity of epigallocatechin gallate against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the catechin epigallocatechin gallate, one of the main constituents of green tea, showed strong antibiotic activity against 18 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic range, 4 to 256 microg/ml). in elucidating its mechanism of action, we have shown that epigallocatechin gallate is an efficient inhibitor of s. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase, a strategic enzyme that is considered an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents. the inhibition of s. maltophilia dihydrofo ... | 2005 | 15980368 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of dx-619, a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone. | the in vitro activities of dx-619, des-fluoro(6) quinolone, against 1,208 clinical isolates were examined. dx-619 was particularly potent against staphylococci, including ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-resistant strains; the mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited was 0.5 microg/ml. in addition, dx-619 was also active against gram-negative bacteria. | 2005 | 15980395 |
| in vitro activities of levofloxacin and comparable agents against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from costa rican children with recurrent otitis media or failing other antibiotic therapy. | this study analyzes the in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobials against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from children with otitis media at risk of having a resistant pathogen. levofloxacin proved to be very active against these pathogens and had intermediate activity against streptococcus pyogenes. | 2005 | 15980399 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | this study was done to evaluate the in vitro activity of a new ketolide telithromycin in comparison with clarithromycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 67), haemophilus influenzae (n = 139), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 46)collected between january and june 2003 in hong kong. among the h. influenzae isolates, 25.2% produced beta-lactamase, while 97.8% of m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. half of the s. pneumoniae isolates were n ... | 2005 | 15980628 |
| codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae. | a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ... | 2005 | 15983137 |
| role of antimicrobial agents in the management of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are a common occurrence and characterize the natural history of the disease. over the past decade, new knowledge has substantially enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis, outcome and natural history of aecopd. the exacerbations not only greatly reduce the quality of life of these patients, but also result in hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. the exacerbations are the major cost drivers in consumption of ... | 2005 | 15987232 |
| bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic options and issues in the management of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. | despite progress in the diagnosis, prevention and therapy for hospital-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) continues to complicate the course of a significant proportion of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. mortality rates among patients with vap have been reported to be as high as 72%, and the morbidity associated with vap is also considerable, adding days to the hospital stay and increasing health care costs. appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy for patient ... | 2004 | 15987380 |
| bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic options and issues in the management of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. | despite progress in the diagnosis, prevention and therapy for hospital-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) continues to complicate the course of a significant proportion of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. mortality rates among patients with vap have been reported to be as high as 72%, and the morbidity associated with vap is also considerable, adding days to the hospital stay and increasing health care costs. appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy for patient ... | 2004 | 15987380 |
| grepafloxacin: an overview of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety. | the treatment of respiratory tract infection is the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing. however, therapeutic options are diminishing as antibiotic resistance to penicillins and macrolides in key respiratory pathogens is increasing. as resistance increases, there are parallel rises in the number of treatment failures and the total cost of infection management. new generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones, such as grepafloxacin, have recently been recommended as a first-line treatment ... | 1999 | 15992094 |
| is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children? | respiratory viral infections are usually preceding or coinciding with acute otitis media (aom) in children. it is not known if a given viral infection would facilitate invasion of bacterial pathogens into the middle ear in a species-specific way. we reanalysed the microbiological results of the two prospective finnish otitis media (finom) studies for this purpose. | 2006 | 15992930 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. | to investigate the in vitro activity of the ketolide anti-bacterial telithromycin against a range of commensal bacteria and common aerobic gram-negative respiratory and non-respiratory pathogens. | 2006 | 15996744 |
| genetic relatedness between pneumococcal populations originating from the nasopharynx, adenoid, and tympanic cavity of children with otitis media. | previous studies have shown that streptococcus pneumoniae exists in both middle ear effusions and the upper respiratory region from children with otitis media with effusion (ome), but it remains unclear whether these strains represent genetically identical clones. therefore, it cannot be determined whether these bacteria originate from a common source. to determine the presence of pneumococci at different anatomical locations of ome patients, conventional culture and pcr techniques were used. to ... | 2005 | 16000426 |
| quantitative pcr assay using sputum samples for rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adult emergency department patients. | accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in the acute-care setting remains a challenge due to the inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic tests. sputum cultures, which are likely to have the highest diagnostic yields of all specimen types, have been considered unreliable, due to their inability to differentiate colonization from infection. our objective was to evaluate the potential clinical utility of a rapid quantitative real-time pcr assay using sputum samples for streptococcus ... | 2005 | 16000439 |
| development and evaluation of chlamylege, a new commercial test allowing simultaneous detection and identification of legionella, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical respiratory specimens by multiplex pcr. | this study describes the development and evaluation of a new commercial test, chlamylege (argene inc.), which allows the simultaneous detection in respiratory samples of chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and most legionella species, as well as pcr inhibitors, by using a multiplex pcr and microplate hybridization. the sensitivities of chlamylege were 1 x 10(-3) ifu, 5 x 10(-2) color-changing units, and 1 cfu per reaction tube for c. pneumoniae, m. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumop ... | 2005 | 16000443 |
| bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis. | aspirates from 26 acutely and 17 chronically infected ethmoid sinuses were studied. thirty-seven aerobes and 10 anaerobes were recovered from isolates from patients with acute sinusitis. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were predominant. twenty-seven aerobes and 41 anaerobes were found in isolates from patients with chronic sinusitis. the predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and peptostreptococcus spp. | 2005 | 16000483 |
| moraxella catarrhalis is only a weak activator of the mannose-binding lectin (mbl) pathway of complement activation. | a hemolytic bystander assay was used to assess the functional serum mannose-binding lectin (mbl) activating capacity of five isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained from children who suffered recurrent acute otitis media episodes. results showed that this organism is only a poor activator of the lectin pathway of complement activation, with subsequent consequences for the etiology of otitis media by this organism. | 2005 | 16006058 |
| moraxella catarrhalis sepsis in a patient with juvenile spinal muscle atrophy. | moraxella catarrhalis rarely causes severe infections or bacteraemia in healthy subjects. in the literature only four cases of clinical sepsis with m. catarrhalis have been described, mostly in immunocompromised patients. we describe a case of a 34-year-old patient with kugelberg-welander disease and low body weight (28 kg) who developed clinical sepsis due to m. catarrhalis bacteraemia. a review of the literature is given. | 2005 | 16011015 |
| chronic sinusitis in children. | clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute sinusitis in children have been published by the american academy of pediatrics. of note is that in this document, a brief discussion of chronic disease concluded that the pathogenesis and management are essentially unknown. although there are insufficient data in the literature to develop evidence-based clinical guidelines, a careful review of the literature and clinical experience of experts who manage pediatric chronic sinusitis is pres ... | 2005 | 16015392 |
| [levofloxacin in the treatment of acute and bacteriologically documented sinusitis with high risk of complications]. | the authors had for aim to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of oral levofloxacin (500 mg once a day during ten days), as a treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis at risk for complications in adult patients. | 2005 | 16023320 |
| moraxella catarrhalis does not grow on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation. | none of the 58 moraxella catarrhalis strains grew on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation, whereas 49 of 51 commensal neisseria spp. strains tested did. growth on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation could be used for screening between m. catarrhalis and commensal neisseria spp. | 2005 | 16034210 |
| hag directly mediates the adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to human middle ear cells. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human pathogen that causes otitis media in young children and lung infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in this study, the role of the surface protein hag in the adherence of multiple m. catarrhalis strains was examined. the hag genes of four clinical isolates were disrupted with a spectinomycin resistance cassette, and the binding of isogenic mutants to primary cultures of human middle ear epithelial cells (hmee), as well as a549 pneumocy ... | 2005 | 16041029 |
| molecular analysis of intrafamiliar transmission of moraxella catarrhalis. | the possible intrafamiliar transmission of moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in 3 pairs between children and their parents, and 8 pairs between siblings from 11 families. of the 22 isolates, all were found producing beta-lactamase. molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with not i and spe i showed that the pfge patterns in 2 of 3 pairs between children and their parents, and 4 of 8 pairs between siblings were indistinguishable and those of the remaining pairs were differen ... | 2005 | 16044858 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-023 (ro4908463), a novel parenteral carbapenem. | cs-023 (ro4908463, formerly r-115685) is a novel 1beta-methylcarbapenem with 5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio groups, including an amidine moiety at the c-2 position. its antibacterial activity was tested against 1,214 clinical isolates of 32 species and was compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, amikacin, and levofloxacin. cs-023 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes, including methicillin-res ... | 2005 | 16048932 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m (t-91825), a novel cephalosporin, tested against a worldwide collection of clinical strains. | ppi-0903m is a novel n-phosphono-type cephalosporin active against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and many other gram-positive organisms. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of ppi-0903m against 1,478 recent clinical isolates collected from 80 medical centers (22 countries). ppi-0903m demonstrated broader in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, particularly against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci of current clinical concern, than currently avai ... | 2005 | 16048970 |
| adhesion of moraxella catarrhalis to human bronchial epithelium characterized by a novel fluorescence-based assay. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. adhesion of this pathogen to epithelial cells is critical for its pathogenicity. although much work has been done on identifying surface molecules of m. catarrhalis as adhesins, several adhesion assays were used in these studies which has never been validated or compared to each other. in the present study, we have examined the capacity of m. catarrhalis to adhere to different human epithelial ... | 2006 | 16059698 |
| detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay. | we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate an immunochromatographic membrane test (ict), applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples obtained in patients with suspected pneumonia, for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen. the now streptococcus pneumoniae test was assessed on 96 bal fluid samples. sensitivity was tested in 20 samples obtained from patients diagnosed as having pneumococcal pneumonia (growth of s. pneumoniae in blood cultures and/or in bal fluid samples o ... | 2005 | 16081947 |
| use of the roche lightcycler strep b assay for detection of group b streptococcus from vaginal and rectal swabs. | the results for a real-time pcr assay, using the lightcycler strep b analyte-specific reagents (roche diagnostics corporation, indianapolis, ind.), were compared to a direct plate method combined with a broth enrichment culture method for detection of group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women. two separate evaluations were conducted using two different automated nucleic extraction instruments, the magna pure lc instrument (roche diagnostics corporation) and the lower-capacity magna pu ... | 2005 | 16081949 |
| efficacy and safety of a novel, single-dose azithromycin microsphere formulation versus 10 days of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults. | to compare the efficacy and safety of a single 2.0-g dose of a novel azithromycin microsphere formulation with that of 10 days of levofloxacin, 500 mg/d, when used to treat adults with uncomplicated acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (abs). | 2005 | 16087013 |
| antibiotic resistance in community-acquired pulmonary pathogens. | among infectious diseases, pneumonia is still the ;;captain of the men of death.'' etiologic diagnosis is often unreliable; consequently, clinicians must know epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia for optimizing empiric antibiotic therapy. in recent years, all major pulmonary pathogens have become more and more resistant to conventional antibiotics. penicillin-resistant and even multiresistant pneumococci have spread worldwide, but primarily in the united states, some european countries, ... | 2000 | 16088716 |
| the antibiotic treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the critical care unit. | community-acquired pneumonias (cap) are still caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, or moraxella catarrhalis. legionella and chlamydia pneumoniae have been defined as important atypical pathogens causing cap. klebsiella causes cap primarily in patients with chronic alcoholism or in chronic care facilities. normal hosts do not present with "unusual pathogens'' e.g., staphylococcus aureus or pseudomonas aeruginosa. the clinical severity of a bacterial pneumonia has important p ... | 2000 | 16088719 |
| treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: antibiotic therapy. | acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. bacterial infections are the most frequent cause of exacerbations. the most common bacterial etiologies include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumonia. the diagnosis of aecb is often based on the clinical presentation, but microbiological assessment, including gram stain and sputum culture should be done. antibiotic therapy should be used in patien ... | 2000 | 16088723 |
| resistant microorganisms in head and neck infections. | the key pathogens most commonly associated with acute infections in the upper respiratory tract include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes. antimicrobial resistance amongst these organisms to many of the commonly used agents for treatment continues to evolve. s. pneumoniae is probably the most important pathogen in the respiratory tract and antimicrobial resistance of this organism to many drugs appears to be rising. for some organi ... | 2005 | 16089233 |
| epidemiologic study of conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. | we conducted a prospective cross-sectional epidemiologic study of conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome during two 3-week periods of consecutive winters. a representative sample of 184 pediatricians and ear, nose and throat specialists in the paris area recruited 2901 children from 6 to 36 months of age presenting with acute otitis media, of whom 465 (16%) also had purulent conjunctivitis. in sampled children, the culture of the conjunctival exudate yielded bacterial pathogens in 419 patients: haemophi ... | 2005 | 16094231 |
| endotoxin up-regulates interleukin-18: potential role for gram-negative colonization in sarcoidosis. | sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a helper t-cell type 1-mediated process. previously we demonstrated a role for interleukin-18 in sarcoidosis. here we examine the regulation of interleukin-18 in this condition. | 2005 | 16100009 |
| antimicrobial activity of tigecycline tested against organisms causing community-acquired respiratory tract infection and nosocomial pneumonia. | emerging antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens has created a critical need for development of new antimicrobial agents that are not affected by the commonly occurring genetic resistance mechanisms. tigecycline, a novel broad-spectrum parenteral glycylcycline, has been shown to be active against many of gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical, and anaerobic organisms, including strains highly resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials and was recently approved by the us f ... | 2005 | 16105563 |
| pd-140248 (parke-davis & co). | pd-140248 is an isomerase inhibitor and topoisomerase ii inhibitor under development by parke-davis and co as a potential treatment for bacterial infection. although no details of active development have been published in the scientific literature since 1996, in september 1999, the company confirmed that pd-140248 is still in active development [338530]. the compound is one of two new pyrrolidinyl naphthyridines (the other compound being pd-131628) with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity ... | 2000 | 16107942 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis adheres to epithelial cells by interacting with fibronectin through ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1 has been reported to bind fibronectin and is involved in adherence. in this study, using m. catarrhalis mutants derived from clinical isolates, we show that both uspa1 and uspa2 bind fibronectin. recombinant truncated uspa1/a2 proteins, together with smaller fragments spanning the entire molecule, were tested for binding to fibronectin. both uspa1 and uspa2 bound fibronectin, and the fibronectin-binding domains were located within uspa1(2 ... | 2005 | 16107956 |
| bacterial activation of mast cells. | mast cells often are found in a perivascular location but especially in mucosae, where they may response to various stimuli. they typically associate with immediate hypersensitive responses and are likely to play a critical role in host defense. in this chapter, a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis, and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, are used to illustrate activation of human mast cells. a human mast cell line (hmc-1) derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia was activ ... | 2006 | 16110171 |
| characterization of salivary immunoglobulin a responses in children heavily exposed to the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans: influence of specific antigen recognition in infection. | the initial infection of children by streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, depends on the ability of s. mutans to adhere and accumulate on tooth surfaces. these processes involve the adhesin antigen i/ii (agi/ii), glucosyltransferases (gtf) and glucan-binding protein b (gbpb), each a target for anticaries vaccines. the salivary immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody responses to s. mutans antigens (ags) were characterized in 21 pairs of 5- to 13-month-old children. pairs were constr ... | 2005 | 16113285 |
| ceacam engagement by human pathogens enhances cell adhesion and counteracts bacteria-induced detachment of epithelial cells. | exfoliation, which is the detachment of infected epithelial cells, is an innate defense mechanism to prevent bacterial colonization. indeed, infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae induced epithelial detachment from an extracellular matrix (ecm) substrate in vitro. surprisingly, variants of n. gonorrhoeae that bind to human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) failed to induce detachment and, instead, promoted enhanced host cell adhesion to the ecm. microarray analysis ... | 2005 | 16115956 |
| effect of medium age and supplementation with the biocatalytic oxygen-reducing reagent oxyrase on in vitro activities of tigecycline against recent clinical isolates. | in determining the quality control limits for the clinical laboratory standards institute-recommended quality control organisms with tigecycline, a number of inconsistencies in the results were encountered that appeared to be related to the age of the mueller-hinton broth ii. this study was performed to examine the effect of medium age and supplementation with oxyrase on the activity of tigecycline using a large number of clinical isolates. | 2005 | 16127070 |
| use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses to support phase 2 and 3 dosing strategies for doripenem. | a doripenem population pharmacokinetic model and monte carlo simulations were utilized for dose regimen decision support for future clinical development. simulation results predict that 500 mg of doripenem administered over 1 h every 8 h would be effective against bacterial strains with mics less than 2 microg/ml and that less susceptible strains could be treated with prolonged infusions. | 2005 | 16127078 |
| an open multicenter study of the use of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults. | the bacteriological and clinical efficacy and the safety of gatifloxacin for the treatment of non-complicated acute rhinosinusitis was evaluated in 49 adult patients in an open-label multicenter study in brazil. patients under age 18, or with associated systemic diseases, were excluded. diagnosis was based on symptoms, otorhinolaryngological examination, and x-rays of the sinus. at the first visit, all patients were treated with a single daily dose of 400 mg gatifloxacin for 10 days. middle nasa ... | 2005 | 16127593 |