Publications

purification and characterization of cathepsin l from hepatopancreas of carp cyprinus carpio.	cathepsin l was purified from carp hepatopancreas by a method involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of column chromatographies, in which the enzyme had an affinity toward concanavalin a and cibacron blue f3ga. its homogeneity was established by native-page, but two protein bands corresponding to molecular masses of 30,000 (single chain) and 24,000 (heavy chain) migrated on sds-page. the enzyme exhibited a maximum activity for carbobenzoxy-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-4-methylcoumaryl ...	1997	9467867
round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) snf5 gene is oriented in a tail-to-tail manner with the set gene which encodes an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2a.	the round-spotted pufferfish tetraodon fluviatilis has a genome size of 380 mb which is slightly smaller than that of another pufferfish fugu rubripes rubripes (fugu). due to its compact genome and small introns, fugu has been introduced as a model for genome studies. recently, the round-spotted pufferfish has also been proposed as a new model for genome studies because of the ease in obtaining material and high-sequence homology to that of fugu. in this study, we have cloned and characterized t ...	1998	9468224
basal level and induction of cytochrome p450, erod, udpgt, and gst activities in carp (cyprinus carpio) immune organs (spleen and head kidney).		1998	9470993
effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).		1998	9470997
in vitro thyrotropin-releasing activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone-family peptides in coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch.	investigations of hypothalamic regulation of fish thyrotropin (tsh) secretion and subsequent thyroid activity have been impeded by the lack of a reliable assay for tsh. using a recently developed radioimmunoassay (ria) for coho salmon tsh we employed an in vitro pituitary cell culture technique to examine regulation of tsh secretion by corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) family peptides [ovine crh (ocrh), carp urotensin i (ui), and frog sauvagine (sv)] as well as thyrotropin-releasing hormone ...	1998	9473372
the tight junctions of the leptomeningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier during development.	the outer blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed by leptomeningeal cells of the arachnoidea. the structures underlying this barrier are tight junctions. in contrast to the tight junctions of endo- and epithelial cells, which have been investigated by means of ultrastructural as well as by molecular methodology, equivalent studies on meningeal cells are lacking. in the present study, therefore, the ultrathin section and freeze-fracture morphology of cranial leptomeningeal cells of carp, frog ...	1997	9476217
[the manifestation of immunity in ichthyophthiriasis in carp in maritime territory].		2007	9479386
semiquantitative immunoblot detection of 70 kda stress proteins in the carp cyprinus carpio.		1998	9484554
3-methylcholanthrene-induced erod activity and cytochrome p-450 in immune organs of carp (cyprinus carpio).	in this study, at first, we determined the optimal assay conditions for ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity and cytochrome p450 contents in the liver and two immune organs (spleen and head kidney) of carp. the km values of cytochrome p450 1a activity were identical in the three organs, demonstrating that the enzyme belongs to the same isoform. in a second step, we showed that carp contained endogenous cytochrome p450 and erod activity in two immune organs like in liver. these enzyme activities ...	1997	9490184
spatio-temporal receptive fields in carp retinal horizontal cells.	1. the dynamics of the receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells were examined by applying a spatio-temporal modulated light signal to the retina. 2. the spatio-temporal receptive fields of both cone- and rod-driven horizontal cells, estimated through cross-correlation between the modulated light signal and the cells' responses, showed their receptive fields (the space-dependent component) to be reduced in size with time. 3. in cone-driven horizontal cells, the reduction in receptive field si ...	1998	9490843
internalization of aeromonas hydrophila by fish epithelial cells can be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic in fish, causing motile aeromonad septicaemia. it can enter (invade) fish cells, and survive as an intracellular parasite. the host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction pathway were studied by screening signal transduction inhibitors using carp epithelial cells and a virulent strain of the bacterium, ppd134/91. genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, postponed internalization of a. hydrophila into host cells, suggesting ...	1998	9493367
tritium planigraphy: from the accessible surface to the spatial structure of a protein.	the method of tritium planigraphy, which provides comprehensive information on the accessible surface of macromolecules, allows an attempt at reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of a protein from the experimental data on residue accessibility for labeling. the semiempirical algorithm proposed for globular proteins involves (i) predicting theoretically the secondary structure elements (sses), (ii) experimentally determining the residue-accessibility profile by bombarding the whole prot ...	1998	9501168
partial characterization of a fatty acid desaturase gene in drosophila melanogaster.	the open reading frame of a gene encoding a protein homologous to vertebrate fatty acid desaturases has been characterized in drosophila melanogaster. this is the first description of a desaturase sequence in insects. two cdnas were cloned: the combined 1.5 kb nucleotide sequences indicate that the gene encodes a polypeptide of 383 amino acid residues with a high sequence similarity to the well defined delta 9 desaturases from rat and yeast and desaturases from carp and tick. the drosophila prot ...	1997	9501419
desensitization of the gabaa receptor shifts the dynamic range of retinal horizontal cells due to light and dark adaptation.	the effects of the gabaergic pathway on the dynamic range of the light response of cone-driven horizontal cells (hcs) in the carp retina were investigated using conventional intracellular recordings and computer simulations. the amplitude of the hc responses to repetitive test flashes was altered by background illumination in control ringer's solution, but was not changed following the application of picrotoxin or bicuculline, which suggests that gabaa receptors mediate the subsequent change in ...	1997	9504129
comparative aspects on nitric oxide in brain and its role as a cerebral vasodilator.	histological studies have detected nitric oxide (no) synthase in the central nervous system of all vertebrates examined, from lampreys to mammals. however, there are still very few comparative physiological studies on the function of no synthase in the brain of non-mammalian vertebrates. so far, we know that acetylcholine can cause an no-dependent increase in brain blood flow in turtles and some fish species (crucian carp and rainbow trout), whereas some other fishes appear to lack such a mechan ...	1997	9505413
the carp homeobox gene ovx1 shows early expression during gastrulation and subsequently in the vagal lobe, the facial lobe and the ventral telencephalon.	the homeobox gene carp-ovx1 shows similarity to vertebrate and invertebrate ovx genes and to drosophila unplugged. its expression pattern was studied by in situ hybridization in carp embryos and juveniles. during segmentation, expression becomes gradually limited to the neural tube. in juveniles up to 9 weeks old, cells in the ventral telencephalon, the facial lobe and the vagal lobe show ovx1 expression, confining expression to parts with chemosensory projections.	1998	9518526
characterization of cyprinus carpio brain nitric oxide synthase.	nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity is found both in soluble and in particulate fractions of the carp brain. the km values for arginine are 2.8+/-0.5 and 3.3+/-0.4 microm for the soluble and particulate fractions, respectively. k for ng-monomethyl-l-arginine inhibitor are 2.6+/-0.5 and 2.9+/-0.6 microm, and activation energy for the breakdown of the substrate-enzyme complex 8120+/-710 and 4620+/-450 cal per mole. carp enzyme shows higher affinity than rat nos for ca2+ and for the competitive in ...	1998	9530929
antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma on lipid peroxidation.	antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma was estimated by measuring hydroperoxides formed by liposome peroxidation during the exposure of liposomes to aaph. ascorbic acid of high concentration, uric acid of low content, and tocopherol formed special protective system against lipid poroxidation in fish plasma. the decrease of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol showed synergism of ascorbic acid and tocopherol, uric acid, and tocopherol. carp blood plasma with a low concentration of protei ...	1998	9532775
induction of oral tolerance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding protein antigens.	induction of oral tolerance against ferritin, recombinant surface glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (klg18) and ovalbumin (ova) was studied in carp. feeding of ferritin or klg18 resulted in lower ab titres compared to unprimed controls when animals were intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with protein 10 weeks later and sampled 21 days after this injection. after administration of ova by different routes (oral, anal, i.m.) and i.m. injection with ova + freund's incomplete adjuvant ...	1997	9533276
characterization of repetitive dna sequences carrying 5s rdna of the triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi).	repetitive dna sequences (hi-b; 209 bp in length) were isolated from the hindiii digests of the genomic dna of the triploid ginbuna, carassius auratus langsdorfi. sequence analyses revealed that the hi-b repetitive units were comprised of the complete coding regions of 5s rdna (120 bp in size) and their 5'flanking regions. the sequences of the hi-b units from the same individual were highly homogeneous. southern blot hybridization to the hi-b probe displayed intricate patterns that represented t ...	1998	9546204
characterization of mboi satellites in cirrhina mrigala and clarias batrachus (pisces).	we have cloned and characterized two highly reiterated, tandemly repeated, and a+t rich mboi dna fragments, one in cirrhina mrigala (cyprinidae), with a monomer size of 266 bp, and one in clarias batrachus (clariidae), with a monomer size of 227 bp. the mboi fragment in c. mrigala is species-specific and absent in other carps, such as catla catla and labeo rohita. the mboi fragment in c. batrachus was also present in two other catfishes tested, namely clarias gariepinus and heteropneustes fossil ...	1998	9549057
blastomeres and cells with mesendodermal fates of carp embryos express cth1, a member of the tis11 family of primary response genes.	the carp cth1 gene, related to the mammalian tis11 family of primary response genes, encodes a novel fish protein with two putative ccch zinc fingers. this report describes the rna expression of this gene during cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages of carp embryos. cth1 mrna is present in all cleavage stage blastomeres as a maternal message. after the late blastula stage, the maternal expression decreases, revealing a spot of higher expression at the margin of the blastoderm of the dome stage ...	1998	9551863
effects of phorbol esters in carp (cyprinus carpio l).	carp (cyprinus carpio l) were fed diets containing phorbol esters at concentrations of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 31, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 micrograms/g feed. phorbol esters were from jatropha curcas nuts. jatropha curcas toxicity has been reported in humans, rodents and livestock, and phorbol esters have been identified as the main toxic agent. the adverse effects observed in carp at phorbol esters concentrations of 31 micrograms/g or higher were lower average metabolic growth rate, fecal mucus ...	1998	9554059
cadmium-induced scale deformation in carp (cyprinus carpio).		1998	9557205
extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini akhmerov, 1954 (myxosporea: myxobolidae) in oligochaete alternative hosts.	the extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini, a myxosporean parasite of the head, operculum and buccal cavity of the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), was studied in experimentally infected oligochaetes, tubifex tubifex. after infection of uninfected tubificids with mature spores of m. drajagini, development of actinosporean stages was first observed by light microscopy 27 days after infection. triactinomyxon stages of m. drjagini emerged from the worms after 91 days of intraoligo ...	1997	9557320
site-specific lead distribution in scales of lead-administered carp (cyprinus carpio) by non-destructive sr-xrf analysis.	by utilizing non-destructive synchrotron radiation-excited x-ray fluorescence (sr-xrf), we observed the distribution of lead (pb) in both ontogenic and regenerating scales of lead-administrated carp, cyprinus carpio. the fish in the pb-administered group were fed pellets containing 1 mg/g of pb at a rate of 1.5% body weight per day for 30 days. in the ontogenic scales, pb was highly accumulated near the basal edge of the scale and the accumulated amount decreased toward the focus of the scale. o ...	1998	9566301
growth hormone, gonad development, and steroid levels in female carp.	the pituitary and plasma growth hormone (gh) levels of female carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were measured in fish of various sizes and degrees of maturity, and were matched against the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-p), and progesterone (p) in the ovary and plasma. the short-term action of the above hormones and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-p) on the release of gh was examined in vitro in primary culture pituitary cells. the ...	1996	9568360
modulation of chromatic difference in receptive field size of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: dopamine- and apb-sensitive mechanisms.	chromatic aspects of receptive field size in the h1 horizontal cell syncytium of the carp retina were investigated using spectral photostimuli (blue or red) presented in the form of either a pair of a small spot and annulus, or a narrow moving slit. in the light-adapted retina, the receptive field for the blue stimulus was found to be significantly smaller than that for the red, i.e. there was a chromatic difference in the receptive field size. during the course of dark adaptation, the overall r ...	1998	9572576
thermal unfolding of three acclimation temperature-associated isoforms of carp light meromyosin expressed by recombinant dnas.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was performed to investigate thermodynamic properties of three carp fast skeletal light meromyosin (lmm) isoforms expressed in escherichia coli by recombinant dnas. three isoforms were the 10 degreesc-, intermediate-, and 30 degreesc-type lmm predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10, 20, and 30 degreesc. the isoforms expressed in e. coli by recombinant dnas exhibited a typical pattern of alpha-helix in cd spectroscopy with two minima at 222 and 208 ...	1998	9572878
gaba modulates color-opponent bipolar cells in carp retina.	in the present work, the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) were examined while recording intracellularly from color-opponent bipolar cells in the isolated, superfused carp retina. bath-applied gaba differentially suppressed light responses of r/g cells, which depolarized and hyperpolarized, respectively, in response to red and green flashes, and g/r cells, which showed the opposite responses. in either r/g or g/r cells, the response driven by input from red cones was invariably suppresse ...	1998	9593968
effects of gamma irradiation on the flavor composition of food commodities.	fifteen food products including potato, sweet potato, shallot, onion, garlic, ginger, papaya, mango, rice, tobacco, small red bean, mungbean, soybean, wheat, flour and spices have been approved for irradiation by the national health administration in taiwan. market tests (wu et al., 1996) provided strong proof that taiwanese consumers would accept irradiated foods. however, researchers in the food industry are concerned about the possibility of chemical changes, especially in volatile compositio ...	1998	9598207
[swallowed and impacted carp fish-hook in a dog].		1997	9599163
fish lesions in the chesapeake bay: pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and other etiologies.	ulcerative lesions and mass mortalities of atlantic estuarine fish, particularly menhaden (brevoortia tyrannus), have been associated with exposure to pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and their toxins. we collected fish from the chicamacomico river, maryland, and observed solitary ulcerative lesions on the majority of menhaden sampled. one striped bass (morone saxatilis) had an area of reddening around the base of the dorsal fin. bluegill (lepomis machrochirus), channel catfish (ictalurus punctat ...	1998	9601194
existence of two isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in fish.	full-length cdnas for extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk1 and erk2) were isolated from a carp ovary cdna library. the deduced amino acid sequences of carp erk1 (cerk1) and erk2 (cerk2) exhibited high degrees of homology to the known sequences of the erk group. northern blot analysis showed that cerk1 mrna was not expressed in a tissue-specific manner, though the level of expression of cerk2 mrna varied among tissues. western blot analysis of the brain, kidney, and ovary confirmed the ex ...	1998	9603989
cultivation of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma carassii, a common parasite of freshwater fish.	trypanosoma carassii (syn. t. danilewskyi) is a widespread parasite of carp and other cyprinid as well as some noncyprinid freshwater fish. it lives extracellularly in the blood and tissues of its hosts, causing chronic infections. in this paper the isolation of t. carassii from fish blood and the propagation and cloning of bloodstream forms in vitro are described. by several criteria, cultured and fish-derived trypomastigotes are indistinguishable. the culture system should be useful for the bi ...	1998	9610629
stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	whole-body levels of acth, alpha-msh and cortisol in eggs and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were determined periodically up until 168 h after fertilisation. acth, alpha-msh and cortisol immunoreactivity was detected in unfertilised eggs, and endogenous production of acth and alpha-msh was observed 24 h after fertilisation and that of cortisol 36 h after fertilisation. acth immunoreactivity reached peak levels before hatching (56-72 h after fertilisation) and remained relatively sta ...	1998	9614366
indications for a distinct putative t cell population in mucosal tissue of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a monoclonal antibody against carp intestinal t cells (wcl38; of igm class) was produced by immunization of mice with isolated membrane molecules of carp intestinal intraepithelial lymphoid cells. flow cytometric analysis showed that wcl38 reacted with 50-70% of the lymphoid cells isolated from intestine, gills or skin, with less than 6% of lymphoid cells isolated from thymus, head kidney or spleen and with a negligible number of pbl. wcl38+ cells were abundant in the intestinal epithelium and l ...	2015	9617584
retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina.	ambient light conditions affect the morphology of synaptic elements within the cone pedicle and modulate the spatial properties of the horizontal cell receptive field. we describe here that the effects of retinoic acid on these properties are similar to those of light adaptation. intraorbital injection of retinoic acid into eyes of dark-adapted carp that subsequently were kept in complete darkness results in the formation of numerous spinules at the terminal dendrites of horizontal cells, a typi ...	1998	9618552
[ultrastructural organization of cardiomyocytes in various lower vertebrates].	electron microscopy was used to study myocardium in cyprinus carpio, bufo bufo and lacerta agilis. myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei and secretory granules in cardiomyocytes (cmc) of atrium and ventricle were analyzed quantitatively. amphibians and reptiles showed significant complication of both structural organization of cmc and intercellular contacts versus bony fish. the absence of t-systems in bony fish was noted.	1998	9621323
distribution of connexin43 immunoreactivity in the retinas of different vertebrates.	the distribution of connexin43 (cx43) was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in the retinas of five different vertebrates by using a c-terminal specific peptide antibody. the specificity of the antibody was proved on immunoblots, in which it showed cross reactivity with a 43-kda protein in rat heart homogenates as well as in homogenates of rabbit, rat, chicken, turtle, and fish (carp and zebrafish) retinas. immunofluorescence histochemistry with retinal cryosections rev ...	1998	9624586
functional enzymes activity and gill histology of carp after copper sulfate exposure and recovery.	copper sulfate is one of the most widely used algicides for the control of phytoplankton in lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. it is also used for aquatic weed control. to study the toxic effects of copper on carp (cyprinus carpio l.), toxicity tests were carried out. fish recovery in copper-free water was followed. after a 14-day period of exposure to five concentrations of copper sulfate (0.25-4.0 mg/l cuso4, values ranging from approximately 5 to 70% of the 96-h lc-50) and a recovery period of the ...	2013	9626535
effects of light and dark environment on regeneration of carp optic nerves.		1998	9628814
influence of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the form of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin of vertebrates.	the effect of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the structure of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was studied by using different doses and times of incubation of hemoglobin with the herbicide. it was ascertained that among the investigated hemoglobins the most sensitive was carp oxyhemoglobin incubated with 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the least sensitive was human hemoglobin. comparing the toxicity of 2,4-d, mcpa (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-dcp (2,4-dichlorophenol) ...	1998	9635129
in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic erythrocytes in ginbuna crucian carp and goldfish using a non-radioactive assay.	cell-mediated cytotoxicity of clonal ginbuna crucian carp leukocytes against allogeneic erythrocytes is described using a sensitive non-radioactive in vitro assay. hemoglobin released from target erythrocytes after cell-mediated erythrolysis was detected by tetramethylbenzidine (tmb). tmb assay showed clear correlation with a 51cr-release assay and even exhibited higher cytotoxicity. the use of erythrocytes as target cells has several advantages over a conventional 51cr-release assay. erythrocyt ...	2015	9639089
[a novel conservative structure found in the carp mitochondrial trna(phe) gene].	a nucleotide sequence for the trna(phe) gene of carp mitochondria was determined. sequence data comparisons made among the whale, human, xenopus laevis, bovine, mouse, chicken and carp, showed that a novel conservative structure was found in the d. stem (dihydrouridine stem), which was known had variant nucleotides in any other vertebrate mitochondrial trna and cytoplasmic trna genes. this conservative structures contains 13 bp. when we compared the front 7 bp of the conservative structure with ...	1996	9639812
histopathology of sanguinicola inermis infection in carp, cyprinus carpio.	the histopathological response of carp to sanguinicola inermis was investigated by serial sectioning laboratory infected fish up to 90 days post infection (d p.i.). juvenile flukes and adults caused mechanical damage to tissues during invasion and migration up to 28 d p.i. adults partially occluded blood vessels and may have reduced blood circulation. in the initial phase of egg production (28-42 d p.i.), eggs and emigrating miracidia in gill tissue caused breakdown of vascular integrity, necros ...	1998	9639898
qsar study of the toxicity of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp.	the toxicities of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp were measured. the results showed that the toxicity to v. fischeri and daphnia decreased in the order of bromo > chloro > fluoro approximately equal to aminobenzoic acids. the toxicity of substituted benzoic acids to carp and daphnia was much lower that to v. fischeri. the results also showed that the toxicity of benzoic acids to daphnia decreased as the ph increased. it is suggested that ionized and non-ionized forms hav ...	1998	9646529
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 1. effects on mink reproduction, kit growth and survival, and selected biological parameters.	this study was conducted to determine the multigenerational effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay (lake huron) on mink (mustela vison) reproduction and health and to examine selected biomarkers as potential indicators of polyhalogenated hydrocarbon toxicity in mink. the mink were fed diets formulated to provide 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) through substitution of saginaw bay carp for ocean fish in the diets. to d ...	1998	9650571
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 2. liver pcb concentration and induction of hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity as a potential biomarker for pcb exposure.	this study examined the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) from saginaw bay (lake huron) carp on the hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity in mink (mustela vison). hepatic cytochrome p-450 activities are of interest for their possible use as biomarkers to indicate consumption and biological effects of pcbs in the environment. adult mink were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm) or saginaw bay carp toprovide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs. mink were bred after 3 mo of exposure, ...	1998	9650572
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 3. estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor concentrations, and potential correlation with dietary pcb consumption.	mink (mustela vison) were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls, pcbs) or saginaw bay carp to provide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs to examine the effect of pcbs on homeostasis of binding sites for ovarian steroid hormones. ranch-raised mink fed great lakes fish contaminated with pcbs, or treated with pcbs directly, have demonstrated reproductive impairment including anovulation, fetal resorption, delayed ovulation, increased gestation, and decreased litte ...	1998	9650573
blastoderm structure, cell migration and formation of the embryonic shield during gastrulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio); a scanning electron microscopic study.	this paper describes an ultrastructural study of the cell movements during the gastrulation of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, using scanning electron microscopy. the morphology of the deep cells was studied in several consecutive stages ranging from 0-100% epiboly. furthermore, the formation of the embryonic shield was followed from its earliest appearance at 50% epiboly onwards. this paper gives morphological evidence for the existence of two different pathways for involving and convergent m ...	1998	9651740
characterisation of glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood leukocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l.	binding studies with [3h]cortisol revealed the presence of a single class of cortisol-binding sites on carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl). these binding sites showed high affinity (kd of 3.8 nm) and low capacity (490 binding sites per cell), indicative of receptor binding. affinity for cortisone was 254-fold lower than for cortisol. affinity for the two synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide (ta) was 4- and 10-fold higher than for cortisol, respectively. further ...	1998	9653016
cloning of a full-length insulin-like growth factor-i complementary dna in the goldfish liver and ovary and development of a quantitative pcr method for its measurement.	five forms of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) complementary dna (cdna) were isolated by pcr from goldfish liver and ovary, using primers based on common carp igf-i sequence. in the goldfish liver, we cloned and sequenced three igf-i forms (1,2, and 3), and elucidated the full-length cdna sequence using the 5'-and 3'-race. two igf-i forms (1 and 2) were cloned from the goldfish ovary and were found to have differences with respect to both size and nucleotide sequence compared to liver igf-i. ...	1998	9653021
virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar in eastern canada.	the present study describes culture, virulence and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsiales-like organism (rlo) associated with mortality in farmed atlantic salmon in eastern canada. clinical disease was reproduced in naive atlantic salmon parr by intraperitoneal i.p. inoculation with kidney homogenate from naturally infected fish. pure cultures of rlo were isolated into chinook salmon embryo (chse) cells from kidney of experimentally infected fish. the rlo caused cytopathic effect in cultur ...	1998	9653456
application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) as a possible control measure for opisthorchis viverrini infection in cultured carp (puntius gonionotus).	opisthorchiasis due to opisthorchis viverrini and transmitted through infected freshwater cyprinoid fish (carps) affects more than 8 million people in thailand, people's democratic republic of lao, and vietnam. the hazard analysis critical control point (haccp)-concept has been recommended by fao and who to be included in programs to control foodborne trematode infections (fbt). haccp is a multifactorial approach to control food hazards through surveillance of diseases, foods, and operations and ...	1997	9656352
common culture practices for cyprinids in asia.	cyprinids are the largest group of cultured freshwater fish and thus the most important from the aspect of fish-borne parasitic zoonoses. the common practices employed in the culture of this group are described to provide background information which may be used in the formulation of strategies for the control of these zoonoses. only the common carp is cultured in monoculture: all the rest of the carp species are usually cultured in polyculture systems incorporating several species. polyculture ...	1997	9656353
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/trafficking of b-amyloid precursor-protein (bapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-b fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was localized by ...	1998	9674592
pyrh-encoded ump-kinase directly participates in pyrimidine-specific modulation of promoter activity in escherichia coli.	the carab operon of the enterics escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2, encoding the sole carbamoylphosphate synthetase (cpsase) of these organisms, is transcribed from two promoters in tandem, carp1 upstream and carp2 downstream, repressed respectively by pyrimidines and arginine. we present evidence that the pyrh gene product (the hexameric ump-kinase) directly participates in the pyrimidine-specific control of carp1 activity. indeed, we have isolated in e. coli a particular typ ...	1998	9677289
phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes are co-distributed in the fish mauthner axon.	the neurofilament (nf) polypeptides of the fish giant mauthner cell axons (mas) and their degree of phosphorylation were investigated in the adult by means of immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (flm) axons of much smaller caliber, among which mas run in the ventral spinal cord, were also analyzed in two teleost fish belonging to continuously growing species. to detect nf polypeptide subunits, commercially available monoclonal antibodies against mammal ...	1998	9678896
influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp.	several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ...	1998	9679686
brightness perceptive space in monkeys (rhesus macaques).	operant differentiation was used to study black/white stimulus intensity discrimination (over the range 1-37 cd/m2; cie-31 coordinates x = 0.340, y = 0.304) in two monkeys (rhesus macaques). confusion matrices were constructed from the probabilities that animals would make operant responses when required to select from pairs (a conditioned stimulus and one of 9 differentiation stimuli) of stimuli in 10 series of experiments with conditioned stimuli of 10 intensities. correlation matrices for vec ...	1998	9682233
distribution of macrophages during fish development: an immunohistochemical study in carp (cyprinus carpio, l.).	a monoclonal antibody against carp macrophages (wcl15) has been utilised in flow cytometry, immuno-histochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy to assess the distribution of monocytes/macrophages in developing carp lymphoid tissues. in suspensions of living cells wcl15 reacted strongly with cytoplasm and plasmic membrane of macrophages. it also cross-reacted with a subpopulation of thrombocytes, but this reaction could be neglected by double immunostaining in combination with a thrombocyte-spec ...	1998	9683065
characterization of the electrogenic na+-k+ pump in horizontal cells isolated from the carp retina.	the electrogenic na+-k+ pump current in horizontal cells acutely dissociated from the carp retina was investigated using a nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions. in the presence of suitable blockers for known voltage-dependent na+, k+ and ca2+ conductances, the pump current was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding k+ ions to external solution. the ec50 value and hill coefficient for the external k+ concentration were 0.66 mm and 1.39, ...	1998	9692757
estimation of the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs.	we studied the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs by chromosome analysis. the investigation was conducted on 30 treated (experimentally infected) and 20 normal (uninfected) guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). a sample of living metacercariae of o. felineus was obtained from the muscle of naturally infected crucian carp captured in the tom river, and 1 ml suspension containing approximately 50 metacercariae in 0.9% nacl solution was indivi ...	1998	9694374
identification and characterization of a receptor from goldfish specific for a teleost growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide.	in mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh), acting via the ghrh receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of growth hormone (gh) synthesis and secretion as well as the proliferation and differentiation of somatotropes in the pituitary. in fishes, information concerning the functional role of the characterized ghrhs is limited. for that reason, a putative goldfish ghrh receptor cdna was characterized in this study. the receptor cdna is 2,243 bp in length, encoding a 438-amino-a ...	1998	9695938
occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review.	bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ...	1998	9696626
[the effect of sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio].	synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in brazil, especially in the large urban centers. of these, sds has been largely employed as a reference substance in toxicity tests with aquatic organisms. studies on the effect of this substance on the physiology and behavior of fish are scanty. in this study the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio, at a given swimming velocity (10.15 cm/sec), were analyzed in relation to acute exposition to different concentrations of sds (1 ...	1998	9697654
heat-shock proteins expression in fish central nervous system and its possible relation with water acidosis resistance.	the expression of 70 and 60-kda heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods, was studied in fish neural tissue; moreover the possible correlation between the expression of these proteins in neural tissue and fish acidosis resistance was also examined. the hsp gfap content was analyzed in four different teleostean fish species (gourami, carp, goldfish and trout) under control conditions and in carp ...	1998	9700715
desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina.	in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ...	1998	9700718
purification and characterization of a novel dipeptidase from carp ordinary muscle.	a novel dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of carp ordinary muscle with an increase in specific activity of 4041-fold and a 4% recovery rate. the enzyme was determined to have molecular weights of 54,000 after reduction and 106,000 without reduction, indicating that it is composed of two sulfide-linking molecules of subunit peptide chains of identical molar size. the optimum hydrolysis ph and temperature of the enzyme were evaluated by l-leucine-glycine to be ph 8.5 a ...	1998	9701633
distinctive catalytic actions of carp dipeptidases from ordinary muscle and intestine.	although carp muscular and intestinal dipeptidases are metalloenzymes acting only on dipeptides, some structural and enzymatic differences occur between them. the present study verifies distinctive actions during dipeptide hydrolysis by these enzymes in terms of their kinetic characterization. the intestinal enzyme was differentially inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas these compounds induced a similar level inhibition of the muscular enzyme. the km and vmax values of both enzymes ...	1998	9701637
studies on the occurrence of actinosporean stages of fish myxosporeans in a fish farm of hungary, with the description of triactinomyxon, raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon and neoactinomyxon types.	actinosporean infection of the oligochaete fauna living in the mud and on the vegetation of fish ponds used for rearing common carp in polyculture was studied during a one-year survey at a fish farm in hungary, located south of budapest. twenty-eight actinospore types were isolated from the oligochaetes tubifex tubifex, branchiura a sowerbyi, limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, nais elinguis, and stylaria lacustris collected during the survey, which could be classified into the triactinomyxon, raabeia, au ...	1998	9704528
effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) synthesis were investigated using primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the effects of these pep tides on gh and prl were compared to those of human gh-releasing hormone (hghrh) and somatostatin (somatotropin-releasing inhibiting factor; srif). gh and prl synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [3h]leucin ...	1998	9707485
imaging a spinal fracture in a kohaku koi (cyprinus carpio): techniques and case history report.	an ornamental pet fish was diagnosed with a spinal fracture and subluxation involving truncal vertebrae 5 and 6 (t5-t6) using conventional radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography. attempts to evaluate the dynamic nature of the lesion using conventional fluoroscopy in the unanesthetized, moving patient were unsuccessful. adaptation of imaging techniques to accommodate a fish patient was not difficult and diagnostic images were obtained. the use of multiple imaging techniques wa ...	2016	9710134
occurrence of skrjabillanid nematodes in fishes of hungary and in the intermediate host, argulus foliaceus l.	histozoic and coelozoic skrjabillanid-type nematodes belonging to the genera skrjabillanus, molnaria, sinoichthyonema, esocinema, daniconema and lucionema are recorded from the subcutaneous tissues, fins, swimbladder and abdominal cavity of different fish species living in natural waters and fish farms of hungary. in addition to the nine taxonomically identified parasite species, one skrjabillanus sp., two molnaria spp. and three esocinema spp. were identified to the genus level only. the histoz ...	1998	9713146
effect of seasonal acclimatization on the expression of the carp transcription factor pit-1.	we isolated a clone comprising four exons of the carp pit-1 gene. using synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from the carp pit-1 sequence pit-1 expression was assessed by in situ hybridization in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp. semiquantitative analyses of the hybridization signals revealed a significant higher pit-1 expression in the proximal pars distalis (ppd) and pars intermedia (pi) of the pituitary glands from summer-acclimatized carp, compared to the wint ...	1998	9713706
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and transaminases in the plasma of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium.	total superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1) and catalase (cat, ec 1.11.1.6) activities in erythrocytes and the glutamic acid-oxalacetic acid-transaminase (got, ec 2.6.1.1) and glutamic acid-pyruvic acid-transaminase (gpt, ec 2.6.1.2) activities in the plasma were measured in experimental groups of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours and in control fishes. it was shown that the total activity o ...	1997	9728486
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (che) inhibition in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cholinesterase (che) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. carp were collected from a lake (royal lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (billy clapp lake) outside of the irrigation system. results indicated that the mean whole-brain che activity of carp from royal lake (3.47 micromol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% les ...	1998	9732468
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9739063
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9739064
impact assessment of a wastewater treatment plant effluent using the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase: field and on-site experiments.	the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent was assessed with the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) using field and on-site laboratory experiments. erod activity was measured in chub (leuciscus cephalus) and stone loach (noemacheilus barbatulus) caught at three sites of the chalaronne river (southeast france). liver somatic index (lsi) and organochloride bioaccumulation in muscle were estimated for chub only. in september, erod activity and lsi of chub increased s ...	1998	9756685
toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and daphnia magna.	ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. the possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. the acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [cyprinus carpio (at 27 degrees c), leuciscus idus (at 27 degrees c) and clarias gariepinus (at 32 degrees c)] and to daphnia magna (at 21 and 27 degrees c). the results indicate that ozone is very harmfu ...	1998	9756705
modulation of drug-metabolizing systems by bacterial endotoxin in carp liver and immune organs.	this report describes a study of the effects of bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (lps)] on cytochrome p450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in liver and two main immune organs of carp: spleen and head kidney. also studied was the paucity of the carp drug-metabolizing system in an environment subject to pollution by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (3mc), when fish respond to an immune activation by lipopol ...	1998	9756707
strong synergism between gaba(a) and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons.	a strong synergistic interaction between the bicuculline-sensitive gaba receptor (gaba(a) receptor) and the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor was observed in third-order neurons acutely isolated from crucian carp retina, with the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. in 58 of 153 cells, 10 microm gaba or glycine separately applied to amacrine/ganglion cells failed to induce any responses or only induced small currents (<20 pa), while co-application of these two chemicals res ...	1998	9760138
masp1 (mbl-associated serine protease 1).	mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a serum component which participates in innate immunity by activating complement via a novel pathway. human mbl forms complexes with two types of serine proteases termed masp (mbl-associated serine protease). these two proteases, masp1 and masp2, are structurally similar to one another as well as to c1r and c1s. together, masp, c1r and c1s constitute a novel serine protease family. it is likely that human masp1 is able to activate c3, while human masp2 cleaves c4, ...	1998	9777417
changes of intestinal epithelial structure and cell turnover in carp cyprinus carpio infected with goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa).	epithelial cell turnover in the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio infected with the coccidian parasite goussia carpelli (leger & stankovitch, 1921) was investigated during laboratory infection using histological and electron microscopical techniques. during the development of the parasite an increased number of mitotic enterocytes, identified by bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) uptake, were observed at the base of infected mucosal folds. during the merogonic and gamogonic development of the paras ...	1998	9789977
two diverged complement factor b/c2-like cdna sequences from a teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	mammalian complement components factor b and c2 act as proteolytic subunits of the c3 convertases in the alternative and the classical activation pathways, respectively, and are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor by gene duplication. however, it is unclear when the b/c2 duplication occurred. here, we describe two diverged b/c2-like cdna clones (b/c2-a and b/c2-b) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). b/c2-a shares the same domain structure as the factor b an ...	1998	9794413
differential expression of two pro-opiomelanocortin mrnas during temperature stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of a number of biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, which are released by the pituitary glands of fish as well as mammals. to quantify the levels of expression of the two pomc mrnas relative to one another during the response of the common carp to temperature-induced stress, we used reverse transcriptase pcr combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induce ...	1998	9795345
astroglial architecture of the carp (cyprinus carpio) brain as revealed by immunohistochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap).	the present paper is the first comprehensive study on the astroglia of a teleost fish that is based on the immunohistochemical staining of gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein, an immunohistochemical marker of astroglia). the ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) and their largest group, the teleostei, represent a separate pathway of vertebrate evolution. their brain has a very complex macroscopic structure; several parts either have no equivalents in tetrapods or have a very different shape, e.g. ...	1998	9801060
transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis.	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ests were analyzed from cdna libraries constructed from mrna isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. one hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ests were identified as known genes ...	1998	9801455
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/ trafficking of beta-amyloid precursor-protein (betaapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-beta fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was lo ...	1998	9804326
partial trisomy of chromosome 6q: an interstitial duplication of the long arm.	we report on a 5-year-old girl with a de novo interstitial duplication of chromosome 6q21-q23 and delayed development and speech with distinctive minor facial anomalies including a "carp" mouth. fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 6 paint probe confirms that the extra material is of chromosome 6 origin. this further delineates the dup(6q) syndrome and the manifestations due to the specific duplicated chromosomal region involved.	1998	9805129
purification of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreatic lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27).	lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) was isolated in 86% purity from carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas using agarose t-gel (mercaptoethanol bound to agarose via divinylsulphone) affinity chromatography medium and iontosorb phenyl hydrophobic chromatography medium. gel filtration chromatography of the ldh obtained shows molecular weight to be 26,900 da.	1998	9805350
ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish.	seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ...	1998	9805782
cloning and expression of two proopiomelanocortin mrnas in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor for a number of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin. it is well known that these peptides are involved in the stress response in fish as well as in mammals. we have cloned two different carp pomc cdnas called, pomc-i and pomc-ii. the nucleotide sequences of 955 bp for pomc-i and 959 bp for pomc-ii share 93.5% identity in their cdnas, and the deduced ...	1998	9806347
development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research.	fish are widely used in numerous fields of basic and applied research. currently, they are the third laboratory animal group in numbers, and will become increasingly important. common carp is a major species in both aquaculture and research. inbred strains of carp by gynogenetic (only female inheritance) and androgenetic (only male inheritance) reproduction techniques were developed at our university. with these methods, homozygous animals are produced in one generation and we present the produc ...	1998	9807748
expression and temperature-dependent regulation of the beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) gene in a cold-blooded vertebrate, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	expression of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in the common carp was studied using a polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein obtained from eukaryotic expression of the cyca-b2m gene. beta2m is expressed on peripheral blood ig+ and ig lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes and thrombocytes. in spleen and pronephros, dull- and bright-positive populations could be identified correlating with the presence of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and mature leucocytes or immature and mature cells f ...	1998	9814583
identification of cystatin as a component of carp chorion.	an ovary-specific cystatin is immunocytochemically demonstrated to be localized in the chorions, cortical granules, and yolk granules of carp oocytes, as well as in the follicle cells surrounding oocytes. during cortical reaction, cystatin is exocytosed from cortical granules into the perivitelline space. in situ hybridization confirms that cystatin is synthesized by oocytes and follicle cells. western blotting reveals that chorion cystatin appears in multiple bands of high molecular weight (fro ...	1998	9820202
expression and distribution of parotid secretory proteins in experimental diabetes.	previous studies of experimental diabetes have demonstrated changes in the levels of specific salivary proteins. the present study is part of a larger effort aimed at elucidating the mechanism(s) by which insulin regulates salivary protein expression in the rat parotid gland. diabetes was induced in 2-3-month-old male fischer 344 rats by injection of streptozotocin (stz). after 30 days one group of rats was given insulin for 7 days. untreated rats served as controls. as previously observed, paro ...	1998	9825930
characterization of gammas-crystallin isoforms from a catfish: evolutionary comparison of various gamma-, gammas-, and beta-crystallins.	gammas-crystallin from catfish eye lenses, formerly designated betas-crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gammas-crystallin with structural properties lying between beta- and gamma-crystallins, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from catfish eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments encod ...	1998	9826544