Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [emergence of aedes albopictus in artificial containers]. | to estimate the potential of daily average emergence of aedes albopictus adult females. since this species is very close to aedes aegypti, although it has not been implicated in the spread of dengue in brazil. | 2001 | 11723517 |
| [simplifying the sampling method for evaluating the larval density of aedes aegypti in são paulo state, brazil]. | to suggest changes in the sampling procedures for estimating the larval density of aedes aegypti in the state of são paulo, brazil, by assessing the efficacy and level of complexity of the current procedures. | 2001 | 11723519 |
| kinetics of dengue virus-specific serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses correlate with clinical outcome of infection. | the kinetics of dengue virus (den)-specific serum immunoglobulin classes (immunoglobulin m [igm] and iga) and subclasses (igg1 to igg4) were studied in patients suffering from dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), and dengue shock syndrome (dss). serum samples from non-den febrile patients were included as controls. igm, igg1, and igg3 serum antibodies were the predominant immunoglobulins throughout the course of illness in all three patient groups. in contrast, iga antibodies were ... | 2001 | 11724841 |
| candidate odorant receptors from the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae and evidence of down-regulation in response to blood feeding. | olfaction plays a major role in host preference and blood feeding, integral behaviors for disease transmission by the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (henceforth a. gambiae). we have identified four genes encoding candidate odorant receptors from a. gambiae that are selectively expressed in olfactory organs, contain approximately seven transmembrane domains, and show significant similarity to several putative odorant receptors in drosophila melanogaster. furthermore, one ... | 2001 | 11724964 |
| invasions by insect vectors of human disease. | nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. from th ... | 2002 | 11729075 |
| malathion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism in populations of mosquito vectors of disease in sri lanka. | to determine the levels of malathion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism among mosquitoes in sri lanka. | 2001 | 11731814 |
| alkalinization by chloride/bicarbonate pathway in larval mosquito midgut. | the midgut of mosquito larvae maintains a specific lumen alkalinization profile with large longitudinal gradients (ph approximately 3 units*mm(-1)) in which an extremely alkaline (ph approximately 11) anterior midgut lies between near-neutral posterior midgut and gastric cecum (ph 7-8). a plasma membrane h(+) v-atpase energizes this alkalinization but the ion carriers involved are unknown. capillary zone electrophoresis of body samples with outlet conductivity detection showed a specific transep ... | 2001 | 11742083 |
| dengue fever in pregnancy: a case report. | background: dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, is endemic in southeast asia. currently, the incidence has been increasing among adults. case presentation: a 26-year-old thai woman, g1p0 31 weeks pregnancy, presented with epigastric pain for 1 day. she also had a high-grade fever for 4 days. the physical examination, complete blood counts as well as serology confirmed dengue fever. the patient was under conservative treatment despite severe thrombocytopenia. she was well at the 3rd da ... | 2001 | 11747474 |
| identification of novel plasmodium gallinaceum zygote- and ookinete-expressed proteins as targets for blocking malaria transmission. | the development of transmission-blocking vaccines is one approach to malaria control. to identify novel plasmodium zygote- and ookinete-secreted proteins as targets of blocking malaria transmission, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against parasite-secreted proteins found in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinete culture supernatants. four mabs-1a6, 2a5, 2b5, and 4b6-were identified that bound to p. gallinaceum zygotes and ookinetes in diverse patterns in terms of spatial localization on para ... | 2002 | 11748169 |
| recent advances in insect olfaction, specifically regarding the morphology and sensory physiology of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth manduca sexta. | the antennal flagellum of female manduca sexta bears eight sensillum types: two trichoid, two basiconic, one auriculate, two coeloconic, and one styliform complex sensilla. the first type of trichoid sensillum averages 34 microm in length and is innervated by two sensory cells. the second type averages 26 microm in length and is innervated by either one or three sensory cells. the first type of basiconic sensillum averages 22 microm in length, while the second type averages 15 microm in length. ... | 2001 | 11754510 |
| stereochemical effects in an insect repellent. | racemic 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine repels blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, chiggers, and ticks. the compound contains two asymmetric carbon atoms and the racemate consists of four stereoisomers. quantitative mosquito bioassays using aedes aegypti (l.) showed that (1s,2's) and (1r,2's) configurations were 2.8-3.1 and 1.6-1.8 times more effective, respectively, than the other two stereoisomers in reducing mosquito bites. (1s,2's) was 2.5 more repellent than the ra ... | 2001 | 11761378 |
| oviposition attractancy of an infusion from a wood inhabiting fungus for vector mosquitoes. | review of literature indicates that none of the chemicals so far studied for oviposition attractancy was found to be promising for operational use. efforts are being made to find an effective substance to corner a large number of ovipositing females to selective breeding sites for ease of control operation. this will reduce insecticidal consumption and will be cost-effective. this study is aimed to evaluate the oviposition attractancy of aqueous infusion from a wood inhabiting fungus (polyporus ... | 2001 | 11762202 |
| cloning and characterization of the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis. | molecular cloning and characterization of a novel cry gene, cry32aa, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis was carried out. the cry32aa protein was predicted to have a molecular mass of 139.2 kda and was found to have an unusual 42-amino-acid-long tail at the c terminus. the cry32aa gene was localized on the 103-mda plasmid of the organism. bioassays showed no toxicity against several moths and mosquitoes. however, it exhibited weak toxicity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutell ... | 2002 | 11772653 |
| functional expression and characterization of aedes aegypti dopachrome conversion enzyme. | a full-length mosquito dopachrome conversion enzyme (dce) and its truncated form lacking the last 54 carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues are expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. the full-length recombinant dce displayed multiple bands during native page with substrate staining, but only one active band was detected when the truncated recombinant dce was analyzed under identical analysis conditions. our data suggest that the last 50 some carboxyl-terminal residues are in ... | 0 | 11779167 |
| a comparative genomic analysis of two distant diptera, the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | genome evolution entails changes in the dna sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the drosophila melanogaster genome. the ances ... | 2002 | 11779831 |
| a sensitive and rapid assay for homologous recombination in mosquito cells: impact of vector topology and implications for gene targeting. | recent progress in insect transgenesis has been dramatic but existing transposon-based approaches are constrained by position effects and potential instability. gene targeting would bring a number of benefits, however progress requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. much can be learned in vitro since extrachromosomal recombination occurs at high frequency, facilitating the study of multiple events and the impact of structural changes among the recombining molecules. we have i ... | 2001 | 11801182 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin applied as ultra-low volume and thermal fog for emergency control of aedes aegypti in honduras. | an extended-duration formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin (demand cs) applied as either an ultra-low volume (ulv) or thermal fog spray from a new handheld sprayer (terrier) against aedes aegypti was evaluated in honduras. spray applications were made at the front door for 1 min or to each room for 15 sec, both for the ulv and thermal fog applications to houses in separate blocks for each treatment. the efficacy and duration of effectiveness of the spray was determined from sentinel caged mosquito m ... | 2001 | 11804457 |
| survey of container-breeding mosquitoes from the florida keys, monroe county, florida. | a survey of container-breeding mosquitoes was conducted on urban islands (big coppitt key, rockland key, key west, and stock island) and rural islands (big pine key, cudjoe key, little torch key, no name key, ramrod key, saddlebunch keys, sugarloaf key, and summerland key) within the florida keys. five mosquito species were collected: aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus, cx. quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. plastic buckets, trash cans, and discarded plastic contain ... | 2001 | 11804461 |
| platelet-activating-factor-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in the salivary glands and saliva of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. | a phospholipase c activity specific for platelet-activating factor (paf), named paf phosphorylcholine hydrolase, was found in the salivary glands and saliva of the human-feeding mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. the enzymatic activity was demonstrated by inhibition of paf-induced platelet aggregation, and by identification of substrate consumption and production of diacyl glyceride by electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry. the activity has a neutral optimal ph and an apparent molecular mass o ... | 2001 | 11807106 |
| coexpression of chitinase and the cry11aa1 toxin genes in bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. | at the spore stage, a cloned chitinase gene was coexpressed with the regulatory gene p19 and the toxin gene cry11aa1 in the hosts bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains 4q2-72 and c4q2-72. the chitinase gene was derived from a high-chitinase producer, bacillus licheniformis tp-1. two transcriptional fusion plasmids between the p19 or p19-cry11aa1 genes and the promoterless chitinase gene were constructed. in transcription order, the p16-19chi construct contained the p19 gene together ... | 2001 | 11812119 |
| educational campaign versus malathion spraying for the control of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico. | to evaluate the effect of an educational campaign for reducing the breeding places of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue; and to compare its effects with the ones obtained by spraying of malathion at ultralow volume. | 2002 | 11812816 |
| larval occurrence, oviposition behavior and biting activity of potential mosquito vectors of dengue on samui island, thailand. | a 1995 outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) occurred on samui island in thailand with an incidence of almost 500 cases/100,000 population. to find and develop effective strategies to control this disease through cost-effective vector control programs, entomological studies were carried out on the island between 1996 and 1998. there were two species of dhf vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus prevailing on the island, and the population of ae. aegypti remained relatively constant thro ... | 2001 | 11813654 |
| [incidence of aedes (s) aegypti and other culicidae in the municipality of playa, la habana city]. | an analysis was made on the incidence of culicidae present in playa municipality, havana city, during the intensive stage of the anti-aegypti campaign from june to july, 1997, according to its requirements. culex quinquefasciatus was the predominant species with a total of 269 focuses. it was collected in all the people's councils and in every type of repository, excepting clay repositories. the second most abundant species was the aedes aegypti with 199 focuses, followed by aedes mediovittatus ... | 2000 | 11826519 |
| [adaptation of microtitration plate methods for quantification of the activity of esterases and glutathione-s-transferase in aedes aegypti]. | the detection techniques for the activity of non-specific esterases and glutathione-s-transferase in culex quinquefasciatus were modified to detect such enzymes in aedes aegypti(l). the optimal concentration values of substrate (saturating concentration) and the optimum reading time for reaction were determined for each enzyme by using 4 aedes aegypti strains: one from cuba 2 from venezuela and one susceptible reference strain. the frequency of non-specific esterases turned out to be 0.76 in mir ... | 2009 | 11826535 |
| [high esterases as mechanism of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in aedes aegypti strains]. | five strains of aedes aegypti l. one from cuba and 4 from venezuela were evaluated to determine their resistance to organophosphate insecticides (temephos, chlorpiriphos and pirimiphos methyl). in the venezuelan strains only apure showed resistance to temephos. in tachira and miranda moderate resistance values were noted (fr50 5 to 10x) for chlorpiriphos and high levels of resistance (fr > 10x) to this insecticide were found in aragua. all the venezuelan strains showed high levels of resistance ... | 2009 | 11826536 |
| [the community and the control of aedes aegypti: perception and behavior regarding temephos larvicide]. | given the persistence of aedes aegypti foci in the santiago de cuba municipality in 1998, a survey was made among the dwellers of the houses to find out their acceptance and behaviour in relation with temephos, to precise over the reasons why the product was not kept in water containers and to know the aspects associated with the existence of foci and their control. it was found that there were filled water tanks in houses where there was daily water supply so that dirt can deposit and water be ... | 2001 | 11826537 |
| a cluster of four d7-related genes is expressed in the salivary glands of the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | four genes expressed in the anopheles gambiae adult female salivary glands and similar in sequence to the aedes aegypti d7 gene were identified. the genes, called d7-related (d7r), are included in a single cluster encompassing approximately six kilobases on chromosome arm 3r. the deduced proteins contain secretory signals and they are probably injected by the mosquito into the host with the saliva during blood feeding. the region of similarity to d7 encompasses the carboxy-terminal part of the a ... | 2002 | 11841502 |
| dengue in children: critical points in management. | dengue fever (df) is endemic and occasionally epidemic in many tropical and subtropical areas inhabited by the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. infection with dengue may present with varied clinical manifestations. significant morbidity and mortality can result if early recognition and monitoring of its severe forms (dhf and dss) is not done and if appropriate medical intervention is delayed. this article reviews several critical points in the basic evaluation and management of dengue in the pedia ... | 2001 | 11845665 |
| toxicity and synergism in transgenic escherichia coli expressing four genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the genes cyt1aa and p20, encoding, respectively, cytolytic and accessory proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were introduced into previously constructed clones expressing cry4aa and cry11aa in escherichia coli (ben-dov et al., 1995). fifteen clones with all possible combinations of the four genes were obtained and found to express the genes included. two new combinations, pve4-adrc and pve4-arc, expressing cyt1aa, p20 and cry4aa, with or without cry11aa, respectively, were mo ... | 2001 | 11846773 |
| screening of some romanian plants for their activity against medically important insects. | the effects of the action of extracts from 82 plant species included in 39 families of indigenous flora against the larvae and adults of house fly (musca domestica), the mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and anopheles atroparvus) and the german cockroach (blattella germanica) are presented. some of the extracts were prepared from air-dried and ground plant material which was exhaustively extracted with successive solvents of different polarity: ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol and water. other extracts were p ... | 2000 | 11850879 |
| naturally exposed populations differ in their t1 and t2 responses to the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | t-cell responses directed against the circumsporozoite protein (cs) of plasmodium falciparum can mediate protection against malaria. we determined the frequency of t cells reactive to different regions of the cs in the blood of donors naturally exposed to p. falciparum by examining t1 (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma] elispot assay), t2 (interleukin 4 [il-4] elispot assay), and proliferative t-cell responses. the proliferative responses were weak, which confirmed previous observations. the responses ... | 2002 | 11854234 |
| monoclonal antibody against the plasmodium falciparum chitinase, pfcht1, recognizes a malaria transmission-blocking epitope in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes unrelated to the chitinase pgcht1. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinases that are necessary to cross the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix en route to invading the epithelial cell surface. to investigate chitinases as potential immunological targets of blocking malaria parasite transmission to mosquitoes, a monoclonal antibody (mab) was identified that neutralized the enzymatic activity of the sole chitinase of plasmodium falciparum, pfcht1, identified to date. this mab, designate ... | 2002 | 11854247 |
| plant growth regulatory effect and insecticidal activity of the extracts of the tree of heaven (ailanthus altissima l.). | there is an urgent need to explore and utilize naturally occurring products for combating harmful agricultural and public health pests. secondary metabolites in the leaves of the tree of heaven, ailanthus altissima l. have been reported to be herbicidal and insecticidal. the mode of action, however, of the active compounds in a. altissima are not understood. in this paper, we report the chemical characteristics of the herbicidal and insecticidal components in this tree, and will discuss the effe ... | 2002 | 11860616 |
| yellow fever: an update. | yellow fever, the original viral haemorrhagic fever, was one of the most feared lethal diseases before the development of an effective vaccine. today the disease still affects as many as 200,000 persons annually in tropical regions of africa and south america, and poses a significant hazard to unvaccinated travellers to these areas. yellow fever is transmitted in a cycle involving monkeys and mosquitoes, but human beings can also serve as the viraemic host for mosquito infection. recent increase ... | 2001 | 11871403 |
| characterization of cyt2bc toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. | we cloned and sequenced a new cytolysin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. three is240-like insertion sequence elements and the previously cloned cyt1ab and p21 genes were found in the vicinity of the cytolysin gene. the cytolysin gene encodes a protein 29.7 kda in size that is 91.5% identical to cyt2ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and has been designated cyt2bc. inclusions containing cyt2bc were purified from the crystal-negative strain spl407 of b. thuringiensi ... | 2002 | 11872472 |
| 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase identity with alanine glyoxylate transaminase. a probable detoxification protein in aedes aegypti. | this study describes the functional characterization of a specific mosquito transaminase responsible for catalyzing the transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk) to xanthurenic acid (xa). the enzyme was purified from aedes aegypti larvae by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, and various chromatographic techniques, plus non-denaturing electrophoresis. the purified transaminase has a relative molecular mass of 42,500 by sds-page. n-terminal and internal sequencing of the purified p ... | 2002 | 11880382 |
| transfer rna-dependent amino acid biosynthesis: an essential route to asparagine formation. | biochemical experiments and genomic sequence analysis showed that deinococcus radiodurans and thermus thermophilus do not possess asparagine synthetase (encoded by asna or asnb), the enzyme forming asparagine from aspartate. instead these organisms derive asparagine from asparaginyl-trna, which is made from aspartate in the trna-dependent transamidation pathway [becker, h. d. & kern, d. (1998) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95, 12832-12837; and curnow, a. w., tumbula, d. l., pelaschier, j. t., min, ... | 2002 | 11880622 |
| dengue virus infections. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. its geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide, where more than 2.5 billion people are at risk for dengue infections. most people will have asymptomatic infections, but the disease manifestations range from an influenza-like disease known as dengue fever to a severe, sometimes fatal disease characterized by hemorrhage and shock, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome ... | 2002 | 11880737 |
| aedes aegypti transducing densovirus pathogenesis and expression in aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae larvae. | aedes aegypti densovirus (aednv) is a small dna virus that has been developed into an expression and transducing vector for mosquitoes [afanasiev et al. (1994) exp parasitol 79: 322-339; afanasiev et al. (1999) virology 257: 62-72; carlson et al. (2000) insect transgenesis: methods and applications (handler, a.m. & james, a.a., eds), pp. 139-159. crc press, boca raton]. virions carrying a recombinant genome expressing the gfp gene were used to characterize the pathogenesis of the virus in 255 in ... | 2001 | 11881803 |
| msqtc3, a tc3-like transposon in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | a novel transposon, msqtc3-aa, has been discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. evidence of its past mobility is presented. there are approximately 100 copies of msqtc3-aa in a. aegypti, eight of which have been isolated and sequenced. all sequenced copies are more than 99% identical to their consensus, indicating recent mobilization. the msqtc3-aa consensus contains imperfect terminal inverted repeats (tirs) and an open reading frame (orf) interrupted by an intron. sequence, str ... | 2001 | 11881806 |
| organization and developmental expression of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor gene. | vitellogenin is a precursor of the major yolk protein, vitellin. it is internalized by developing oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. previously, we characterized the vitellogenin receptor (vgr) from oocytes of the mosquito aedes aegypti [sappington, t.w., kokoza,v.a., cho,w.l. and raikhel,a.s. (1996) molecular characterization of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor reveals unexpected high homology to the drosophila yolk protein receptor. proc natl acad sci usa 93: 8934-8939]. the vgr rece ... | 2001 | 11881811 |
| aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix and its interaction with heme during blood digestion. | a large amount of heme is produced upon digestion of red cell hemoglobin in the midgut of mosquitoes. the interaction between heme and the peritrophic matrix (pm) was studied in aedes aegypti. by light microscopy, the pm appeared as a light brownish layer between the intestinal epithelium and the alimentary bolus. this natural color can be attributed to the presence of heme bound to the matrix. in histochemical studies, a diffuse peroxidase activity of the heme molecules was clearly observed bet ... | 2002 | 11891128 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of two mosquito iron regulatory proteins. | iron regulatory proteins (irps) control the synthesis of various proteins at the translational level by binding to iron responsive elements (ires) in the mrnas. iron, infection, and stress can alter irp/ire binding activity. insect messenger rnas for ferritin and succinate dehydrogenase subunit b have ires that are active translational control sites. we have cloned and sequenced cdnas encoding proteins from the irp1 family for the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. both deduced ami ... | 2002 | 11891134 |
| dengue: an update. | this review is an update of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) based on international and cuban experience. we describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and dhf, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions (southeast asia, western pacific, and the americas). the clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are explained. we also discuss the viral, individual, and environmental factors that determine severe disease. much more re ... | 2002 | 11892494 |
| nk t cells are a source of early interleukin-4 following infection with third-stage larvae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. | infection of c57bl/6 mice with the third-stage larvae of brugia pahangi results in a rapid expansion of nk1.1(+) t cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes. nk t cells produced interleukin-4 in the spleen within 24 h of infection, and these cells were cd4(-). | 2002 | 11895990 |
| observations on the breeding habitat of aedes species in the steel township, rourkela. | prompted by report of large number of dengue fever cases in township of rourkela steel plant, entomological surveys were carried out to know the distribution and extent of aedes breeding in and around the dengue fever affected areas. out of 2062 water containers searched, 819 were positive for aedes larvae. the house index (hi), container index (ci) and breteau index (bi) were 53.4, 39.7 and 118.5 respectively. 27.9% of the houses had single breeding habitats. the breateau index of single storey ... | 2001 | 11898460 |
| larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. | the insecticidal activity of materials derived from the fruits of piper nigrum against third instar larvae of culex pipiens pallens, aedes aegypti, and a. togoi was examined and compared with that of commercially available piperine, a known insecticidal compound from piper species. the biologically active constituents of p. nigrum fruits were characterized as the isobutylamide alkaloids pellitorine, guineensine, pipercide, and retrofractamide a by spectroscopic analysis. retrofractamide a was is ... | 2002 | 11902925 |
| microsatellite markers for population genetic studies in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from côte d'ivoire: evidence for a microgeographic genetic differentiation of mosquitoes from bouaké. | in west africa, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (linnaeus, c., 1762. zweyter theil, enhalt beschreibungen veschiedener wichtiger naturalien. in: hasselquist, f. (ed.), reise nach palastina in den jahren von 1749 bis 1752, rostock, germany, pp. 267-606) represents the principal vector of yellow fever. this study reports the use of microsatellite markers to characterise various a. aegypti populations from côte d'ivoire according to a north-south transect, and to perform a temporal genetic surve ... | 2002 | 11904102 |
| carbonic anhydrase in the midgut of larval aedes aegypti: cloning, localization and inhibition. | the larval mosquito midgut exhibits one of the highest ph values known in a biological system. while the ph inside the posterior midgut and gastric caeca ranges between 7.0 and 8.0, the ph inside the anterior midgut is close to 11.0. alkalization is likely to involve bicarbonate/carbonate ions. these ions are produced in vivo by the enzymatic action of carbonic anhydrase. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this enzyme in the alkalization mechanism, to establish its presence ... | 2002 | 11907049 |
| specific detection of chikungunya virus using a rt-pcr/nested pcr combination. | chikungunya (chik) virus is enzootic in many countries in asia and throughout tropical africa. in asia the virus is transmitted from primates to humans almost exclusively by aedes aegypti, while various aedine mosquito species are responsible for human infections in africa. the clinical picture is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, rash and severe pain in the joints which may persist in a small proportion of cases. although not listed as a haemorrhagic fever virus, illness caused by chik ... | 2002 | 11911593 |
| characterization of the aeahp gene and its expression in the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the sequence and tissue expression of the gene encoding a peptide hormone aea-hp-i, known to inhibit host-seeking behavior, has been characterized for the yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). the open reading frame reveals a prepropeptide that would be processed into three identical peptides. the gene contains four short introns and exists as a single genomic copy. transcripts of the gene were present in the brain, terminal ganglion, and midgut of adults, and in females, its expression prof ... | 2002 | 11931033 |
| winter intervention against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae in subterranean habitats slows surface recolonization in summer. | at semiarid charters towers, north queensland, australia, the importance of aedes aegypti (l.) in wells was assessed in relation to the colonization of surface habitats during the wet season. from april to july 1999, 10 wells (five positive for ae. aegypti) were monitored to assess their status and larvae population numbers therein. all surface containers located within a 100 m radius of each well were removed, treated with s-methoprene or sealed to prevent the utilization of these containers by ... | 2002 | 11931036 |
| epidemiological significanceof subterranean aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in charters towers, 1993. | the objective of this study wasto determine the epidemiological significance of subterranean mosquito breeding sites to the 1993 outbreak of dengue fever (type 2) in the northern queensland town of charters towers, australia. in recent studies on subterranean mosquito breeding, containers such as wells and service manholes have been shown to be important breeding sites to australia's only dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.). this study demonstrates a direct epidemiological association between subt ... | 2002 | 11931248 |
| investigation of the larvicidal activity of pothomorphe peltata and isolation of the active constituent. | the insecticidal activity of the leaves of pothomorphe peltata (piperaceae) was evaluated on aedes aegypti larvae. the active methanol extract was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, monitored by the larvicidal assay, and led to the isolation of a catechol derivative, 4-nerolidylcatechol. this compound was quite potent against aedes aegypti larvae (lc(50) = 9.1 microg/ml). | 2002 | 11933144 |
| dengue in cuba: mobilisation against aedes aegypti. | 2002 | 11937420 | |
| effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the larvae and adults of aedes aegypti were tested for the potential to develop resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, alone or a combination of deltamethrin with the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo). although continuous larval selection for 40 generations resulted in 703-fold resistance, the resistance ratio in the adults was only 1.3. similarly, adult selections with deltamethrin showed a resistance ratio of less than four after 40 generations, indicating differential respons ... | 2002 | 11948970 |
| dengue virus infection rate in field populations of female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in singapore. | we developed a single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the non-structural protein gene (ns3) of dengue viruses to type dengue viruses in field populations of female aedes mosquitoes. this yielded diagnostic fragments of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. from 1997 to 2000, 54 (6.9%) of 781 aedes aegypti and 67 (2.9%) ... | 2002 | 11952948 |
| isolation of cdna clones encoding putative odourant binding proteins from the antennae of the malaria-transmitting mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | one way of controlling disease transmission by blood-feeding mosquitoes is to reduce the frequency of insect-host interaction, thus reducing the probability of parasite transmission and re-infection. a better understanding of the olfactory processes responsible for allowing mosquitoes to identify human hosts is required in order to develop methods that will interfere with host seeking. we have therefore initiated a molecular approach to isolate and characterize the genes and their products that ... | 2002 | 11966877 |
| germ line transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, mediated by transpositional insertion of a piggybac vector. | mosquito-vectored diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever continue to have a substantial impact on human populations world-wide. novel strategies for control of these mosquito vectored diseases can arise through the development of reliable systems for genetic manipulation of the insect vector. a piggybac vector marked with the drosophila melanogaster cinnabar (cn) gene was used to transform the white-eyed khw strain of aedes aegypti. microinjection of preblastoderm embryos resulted in fou ... | 2002 | 11966878 |
| the d7 family of salivary proteins in blood sucking diptera. | the d7 subfamily of salivary proteins is widespread in blood sucking diptera and belongs to the superfamily of pheromone/odourant binding proteins. although d7 proteins are among the most abundant salivary proteins in adult female mosquitoes and sand flies, their role in blood feeding remains elusive. in the present work we report the sequence of seventeen novel d7 proteins, and propose an evolutionary scenario for the appearance of the several forms of this protein, based on a total of twenty-o ... | 2002 | 11966880 |
| potential application of nonstructural protein ns1 serotype-specific immunoglobulin g enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the seroepidemiologic study of dengue virus infection: correlation of results with those of the plaque reduction neutralization test. | an ns1 serotype-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to differentiate primary and secondary dengue virus infections and serotypes of primary dengue virus infection. for this report, we carried out retrospective seroepidemiologic studies on serum samples collected from residents of liuchiu hsiang, pingtung county, an isolated island in southern taiwan during 1997-1998. the results demonstrated that good correlation existed between dengue virus ns1 serotype-spe ... | 2002 | 11980973 |
| development and applications of transgenesis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | transgenesis technology has been developed for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. successful integration of exogenous dna into the germline of this mosquito has been achieved with the class ii transposable elements, hermes, mariner and piggybac. a number of marker genes, including the cinnabar(+) gene of drosophila melanogaster, and fluorescent protein genes, can be used to monitor the insertion of these elements. the availability of multiple elements and marker genes provides a powerful ... | 2002 | 11985858 |
| hospital-based diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis in cambodian children. | surveillance was conducted for three clinical syndromes (hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis) in cambodian children admitted to the national pediatric hospital in phnom penh from july 1996 through september 1998. acute- and convalescent-phase sera, and cerebrospinal fluid, when applicable, underwent diagnostic evaluation for infections with dengue virus (denv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses. of 621 children admitted with hemorrhagic fever, 499 ... | 2002 | 11996683 |
| two isoforms of the early e74 gene, an ets transcription factor homologue, are implicated in the ecdysteroid hierarchy governing vitellogenesis of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | in the anautogenous mosquito, aedes aegypti, vitellogenesis is under the strict control of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), which is produced via a blood meal-activated hormonal cascade. several genes of the ecdysteroid-regulatory hierarchy are conserved between vitellogenesis in mosquitoes and metamorphosis in drosophila. we report characterization of two isoforms of the mosquito early e74 gene (aae74), which have a common c-terminal ets dna-binding domain and unique n-termini. they exhibited a high l ... | 2002 | 11997188 |
| do plasmodium ookinetes invade a specific cell type in the mosquito midgut? | recent debate in plasmodium ookinete invasion has been centered on whether the parasite chooses a specific cell type to cross the midgut epithelium in the mosquito. a few publications have described the mosquito midgut being composed of complex surface-structures, histochemically and biochemically diverse cell types, and have proposed that plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes prefers a specific cell type (ross cell) in aedes aegypti for crossing the midgut epithelium. two recent publications reporte ... | 2002 | 11998702 |
| an inexpensive intervention for the control of larval aedes aegypti assessed by an improved method of surveillance and analysis. | a sampling method coupled with statistical calibration factors was developed to accurately assess the numbers of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti in large water-storage containers of variable capacities and water levels. aedes aegypti productivity in different types of breeding sites found in an urban study area in central colombia was assessed and compared. in this study, water-storage tanks and drums were found to comprise 79% of the containers positive for larval ae. aegypti, which contribut ... | 2002 | 11998929 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| survey of aedes aegypti eggs in and around homes in tucson, arizona. | the abundance and location of eggs of aedes aegypti were evaluated through inspection of 24 tucson homes during the winter of 1998-99 to assess the potential of the mosquitoes to overwinter in this area. eggs were found either indoors or outdoors in 46% of residences surveyed. after immersion in water, about 23% of eggs found indoors hatched, and about 5% of eggs found outdoors hatched. | 2002 | 11998933 |
| an isolate of bacillus circulans toxic to mosquito larvae. | a new strain of bacillus circulans isolated from a larva of culex quinquefasciatus showed larvicidal activity on 3 mosquitoes of medical importance. compared to bacillus sphaericus strain 2362, this b. circulans isolate proved less toxic to cx. quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae but was 107 times more toxic to aedes aegypti. moreover, in comparison to other studies, b. circulans was at least as pathogenic as b. thuringiensis var. israelensis in ae. aegypti. the tests have showed that the tox ... | 2002 | 11998934 |
| glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase: gene characterization, chitin biosynthesis and peritrophic matrix formation in aedes aegypti. | glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (gfat) catalyses the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate and is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. the final product of the hexosamine pathway, udp-n-acetyl glucosamine, is an active precursor of numerous macromolecules containing amino sugars, including chitin in fungi and arthropods. chitin is one of the essential components of insect cuticle and peritrophic matrix. the peritrophic matrix is produced in ... | 2002 | 12000639 |
| ecdysteroids and oocyte development in the black fly simulium vittatum. | oocyte development was studied in the autogenous black fly, simulium vittatum (diptera, nematocera), a vector of onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis. | 2002 | 12015816 |
| highly-substrate active isoenzyme acetylcholinesterase-ii, in rosy eye mutant of aedes aegypti mosquito. | insecticide bioassays were carried out on larvae and adults of rosy eye mutant and wildtype strains of a. aegypti. both the strains were equally susceptible to ddt, malathion and deltamethrin. biochemical assays showed an increase in acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ache) activity in all the stages of mutant strain with both the substrates i.e. acetylthiocholine iodide and s-butyrylthiocholine iodide. however, there was no difference in the percent inhibition of enzyme activity with propoxur in thes ... | 2001 | 12018585 |
| vector infection determinants of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reside within the e2 envelope glycoprotein. | epizootic subtype iab and ic venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (veev) readily infect the epizootic mosquito vector aedes taeniorhynchus. the inability of enzootic subtype ie viruses to infect this mosquito species provides a model system for the identification of natural viral determinants of vector infectivity. to map mosquito infection determinants, reciprocal chimeric viruses generated from epizootic subtype iab and enzootic ie veev were tested for mosquito infectivity. chimeras containi ... | 2002 | 12021373 |
| comparison of cetirizine, ebastine and loratadine in the treatment of immediate mosquito-bite allergy. | people frequently experience whealing and delayed papules from mosquito bites. whealing is mediated by antisaliva immunoglobulin (ig)e antibodies and histamine. cetirizine, ebastine and loratadine have earlier shown effects on mosquito-bite reactions but no comparative studies exist. | 2002 | 12028119 |
| characterization of hemocytes from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes are the most important arthropod disease vectors, transmitting a broad range of pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and yellow fever. mosquitoes and other insects are able to mount powerful cellular and humoral immune responses against invading pathogens. to date, most studies have concentrated on the humoral response. in the current study we describe the hemocytes (blood cells) of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, by means of morphology, lecti ... | 2002 | 12029490 |
| detection of west nile virus antigen in mosquitoes and avian tissues by a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay. | an antigen capture immunoassay to detect west nile (wn) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. with this assay purified wn virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the wn virus titer was 10(2.1) to 10(3.7) pfu/0.1 ml. in a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (n = 100), this assay detected wn virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) ... | 2002 | 12037058 |
| polygamy: the possibly significant behavior of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in relation to the efficient transmission of dengue virus. | the polygamous behavior of male aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) was investigated by co-habiting a newly-emerged male and females in a 30 cm3 cage (1 male: 20 females) for up to 5 consecutive days. as determined by insemination rates, the results indicated that one ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus male could successfully mate with 1.10 (0-4), 4.10 (1-8), 5.40 (4-8), 5.10 (2-8), 5.15 (3-9) and 0.20 (0-3), 1.70 (0-3), 2.35 (1-4), 2.30 (0-4), 2.35 (1-4) ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus fem ... | 2001 | 12041548 |
| [epidemiology of dengue infection in ribeirão preto, sp, brazil]. | to assess dengue transmission in a correctional facility for juvenile delinquents in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, brazil. | 2002 | 12045796 |
| [climate and the superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on infestation of são paulo state, brazil]. | to study the influence of climatic factors and superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus populations on their geographic dispersal in the state of são paulo. | 2002 | 12045797 |
| [presence of aedes aegypti in bromeliaceae and plant breeding places in brazil]. | the frequency of bromeliaceae and other plant breeding places where aedes aegypti can be found is reported during two consecutive operational cycles (focal treatment) in the city of rio de janeiro. these cycles took place from november 12 2000 to march 9 2001 and from march 12 2001 to june 15 2001. this study concentrates on the epidemiological implications resulting from the growing use of these plants as decorative living objects. | 2002 | 12045807 |
| education in primary school as a strategy to control dengue. | the proliferation of aedes aegypti, a species of mosquito that is the vector of the dengue pathogen, is being augmented by the population's lack of care in allowing the formation of larval habitats. one form of controlling dengue is the distribution of information on the mosquito to improve awareness and to provide the means necessary for the elimination of its reproductive habitats. to evaluate a teaching method concerning the vector and dengue, students from the 5th and 6th years of primary ed ... | 2002 | 12045814 |
| software for pattern recognition of the larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | software for pattern recognition of the larvae of mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, biological vectors of dengue and yellow fever, has been developed. rapid field identification of larva using a digital camera linked to a laptop computer equipped with this software may greatly help prevention campaigns. | 2003 | 12045822 |
| formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from lemongrass oil. | ointment and cream formulations of lemongrass oil in different classes of base and the oil in liquid paraffin solution have been evaluated for mosquito repellency in a topical application. mosquito repellency was tested by determining the bite-deterrence of product samples applied on an experimental bird's skin against a 2-day starved culture of aedes aegypti l. mosquitoes. the 1%v/v solution and 15%v/w cream and ointment preparations of the oil exhibited > or =50% repellency lasting 2-3 h, whic ... | 2002 | 12046869 |
| variation of the oviposition preferences of aedes aegypti in function of substratum and humidity. | two aedes aegypti (l.) populations were studied in the laboratory regarding the preference for three types of breeding sites, i.e., flasks containing only water, flasks with a plant and flasks with a stick. each of these breeding units was placed in one cage and the choice of the oviposition sites was determined for individual females and three females per experimental unit at two humidity levels. preference for ovipositing on the water surface was observed and varied according to experimental u ... | 2002 | 12048575 |
| oral susceptibility to yellow fever virus of aedes aegypti from brazil. | the oral susceptibility to yellow fever virus was evaluated in 23 aedes aegypti samples from brazil. six ae. aegypti samples from africa, america and asia were also tested for comparison. mosquito samples from asia showed the highest infection rates. infection rates for the brazilian ae. aegypti reached 48.6%, but were under 13% in 60% of sample tested. we concluded that although the low infection rates estimated for some brazilian mosquito samples may not favor the establishment of urban cycle ... | 2002 | 12048581 |
| [critical aspects of dengue control in brazil]. | dengue is now the main reemerging disease in the world. in the absence of an efficacious preventive vaccine and effective etiologic treatment and chemoprophylaxis, the only vulnerable link for reducing dengue transmission is the mosquito aedes aegypti, its principal vector. there are many difficulties in combating this mosquito in large and medium-sized cities. the complexity of contemporary urban life generates factors that facilitate the mosquito's proliferation and constraints on the reductio ... | 2002 | 12048612 |
| derris (lonchocarpus) urucu (leguminosae) extract modifies the peritrophic matrix structure of aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). | aqueous suspension of ethanol extracts of derris (lonchocarpus) urucu (leguminosae), collected in the state of amazonas, brazil, were tested for larvicidal activity against the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). the aim of this study was to observe the alterations of peritrophic matrix in ae. aegypti larvae treated with an aqueous suspension of d. urucu extract. different concentrations of d. urucu root extract were tested against fourth instar larvae. one hundred percent mortality was ... | 2002 | 12051197 |
| in vitro cultivation of infective larvae of dirofilaria immitis. | infective larvae (l3) of dirofilaria immitis were cultivated in various synthetic media. l3 obtained from aedes aegypti mosquitoes by mass dissection were inoculated into the media, viz: rpmi 1640 medium with 10 per cent human ab serum (medium-a); tc-199 medium with organic acids, sugars of grace's insect medium and 10 per cent foetal calf serum (fcs) (medium-b); and grace's insect medium with 10 per cent fcs (medium-c). maximum survival of 26 days was found in medium 'a'. approximately 80 per c ... | 1984 | 12055792 |
| a theoretical approach to predicting the success of genetic manipulation of malaria mosquitoes in malaria control. | mosquitoes that have been genetically modified to better encapsulate the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are being considered as a possible tool in the control of malaria. hopes for this have been raised with the identification of genes involved in the encapsulation response and with advances in the tools required to transform mosquitoes. however, we have only very little understanding of the conditions that would allow such genes to spread in natural populations. | 2002 | 12057019 |
| neuroendocrine modulation of olfactory sensory neuron signal reception via axo-dendritic synapses in the antennae of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | an ultrastructural study of the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, revealed that as in the salt marsh mosquito, culex salinarius, the first flagellar segment of both sexes of a. aegypti contain neuroendocrine cells. these cells not only extend an axon via the antennal nerve to the antennal lobe of the deutocerebrum, but project collaterals to the periphery of the antennae, where they modulate the antennal sensory neurons by forming synapses with the dendrites of these afferent ... | 2002 | 12059042 |
| a piperidine amide extracted from piper longum l. fruit shows activity against aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. | mosquito larvicidal activity of piper longum fruit-derived materials against the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti was examined. a crude methanol extract of p. longum fruits was found to be active against the larvae, and the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity of 100% mortality. the biologically active component of p. longum fruits was characterized as pipernonaline by spectroscopic analyses. the lc(50) value of pipernonaline was 0.25 mg/l. the toxicit ... | 2002 | 12059157 |
| interaction of 65- and 62-kd proteins from the apical membranes of the aedes aegypti larvae midgut epithelium with cry4b and cry11a endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | a protein with the molecular weight of 65 kd is the only component of aedes aegypti larvae bbm capable to specifically bind mosquitocidal toxins cry4b and cry11a of bacillus thuringiensis. this protein lacks the leucine aminopeptidase activity which is characteristic for the toxin-binding proteins from the membranes of caterpillars. cry-toxins inactive against a. aegypti larvae either fail to bind to the 65-kd protein and to a putative product of its proteolysis with the molecular weight of 62 k ... | 2002 | 12059773 |
| point source inoculation of mesocyclops (copepoda: cyclopidae) gives widespread control of ochlerotatus and aedes (diptera: culicidae) immatures in service manholes and pits in north queensland, australia. | this study details the novel application of predacious copepods, genus mesocyclops, for control of ochlerotatus tremulus (theobald) group and aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito larvae in subterranean habitats in north queensland, australia. during june 1997, 50 mesocyclops sp. 1 were inoculated into one service manhole in south townsville. wet season rainfall and flooding in both 1998 and 2000 was responsible for the dispersal of copepods via the underground pipe system to 29 of 35 manholes over an are ... | 2002 | 12061442 |
| mating alters the cuticular hydrocarbons of female anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the cuticular hydrocarbons of female anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes were analyzed before and after they mated. in an. gambiae, the proportions of the two cuticular hydrocarbon components, n-heneicosane and n-tricosane, were significantly reduced as the female aged and after it mated. there were no changes in the hydrocarbon composition of males after they mated. hydrocarbon extracts from mated and unmated an. gambiae females as well as those from males ca ... | 2002 | 12061454 |
| temporal genetic variation in aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city (vietnam). | aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses in asia, displays variation in population density over time. the larval habitats of this species being unevenly distributed and transient (depending on cycles of drought and flood), the forces generating temporal variation in gene frequencies in populations are studied. we sampled seven mosquito populations from ho chi minh city (vietnam) and its suburbs on five occasions between april 1999 and august 2000. we investigated genetic variation by stu ... | 2002 | 12080364 |
| isolation of chikungunya virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the town of yawat, pune district, maharashtra state, india. | chikungunya (chik) virus is prevalent throughout southeast asia and africa. it has caused numerous large outbreaks in india. no active or passive surveillance has been carried out since the last epidemic occurring in 1971. during a recent outbreak of dengue (den)-like illness in eastern india, aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the affected area were positive for chik virus. evidence of dual infection with chik and den typel virus was also obtained. a widely circulating low-virulent chik vi ... | 2001 | 12083330 |
| mouthparts of male aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | mouthparts of adult males of 17 strains of 8 species from the subgenus stegomyia of the genus aedes, including 5 strains of aedes aegypti and 6 strains of aedes albopictus, were examined. lengths of maxillae, mandibles, maxillary palpi, and proboscises were measured under light microscopy and their detailed structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. lengths were presented as ratios to proboscis lengths. in contrast to previous reports, mandibles were found in all 5 strains of male ... | 2002 | 12083358 |
| the impact of genomics on global health. | ensuring that advances in genomics are applied to the health improvement of people living in developing countries is an important contemporary challenge. in the near term, such advances are likely to alleviate infectious diseases, with longer-term benefits envisaged for chronic disorders. to ensure that benefits are shared by developing countries, attention must be paid to complex ethical, legal, social, and economic issues, as well as to public education and engagement. creative and equitable i ... | 0 | 12084683 |
| dengue: an escalating problem. | 0 | 12089096 | |
| a genetic correlation between age at pupation and melanization immune response of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | to investigate the evolutionary cost of an immune response, we selected six lines of the mosquito aedes aegypti for earlier or later pupation and measured the extent to which this selection procedure changed the mosquito's ability to encapsulate and melanize a negatively charged sephadex bead. after 10 generations of selection, the age at pupation in the two selection regimes differed by about 0.7 days, accompanied by an increase of wing length of the mosquitoes selected for late pupation. among ... | 2002 | 12093022 |