Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| influence of processed grains on fecal ph, starch concentration, and shedding of escherichia coli o157 in feedlot cattle. | manipulation of cattle diets has been proposed as a possible preharvest control measure for escherichia coli o157. altering hindgut fermentation through diet changes may be a means to reduce fecal shedding of e. coli o157. in exp. 1, the objective was to determine whether fecal shedding of e. coli o157 was related to fecal starch concentration. beginning on d 20, and every week thereafter until d 61, steers in 54 pens (6 to 7 steers per pen) were sampled (n = 122) by fecal collection and rectoan ... | 2008 | 18042815 |
| efficacy of dose regimen and observation of herd immunity from a vaccine against escherichia coli o157:h7 for feedlot cattle. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product containing type iii secreted proteins of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the probability that feedlot steers shed e. coli o157:h7 in feces. six hundred eight same-source steers were utilized. of these, 480 steers were assigned randomly to 60 pens (eight head per pen) and to one of four vaccination treatments (120 cattle per treatment, two head per treatment per pen). the four treatments were (i) no vaccination; (ii) one dose, vac ... | 2007 | 18044435 |
| evidence of tandem repeat and extra thiol-groups resulted in the polymeric formation of bovine haptoglobin: a unique structure of hp 2-2 phenotype. | human plasma hp is classified as 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. they are inherited from two alleles hp 1 and hp 2, but there is only hp 1 in almost all the animal species. hp 2-2 molecule is extremely large and heterogeneous associated with the development of inflammatory-related diseases. in this study, we expressed entire bovine hp in e. coli as a alphabeta linear form. interestingly, the antibodies prepared against this form could recognize the subunit of native hp. in stead of a complicated column metho ... | 2007 | 18047801 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral gg expression and gg-elisa development]. | taking the genome dna of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) as the template, the gg gene was amplified with pcr and cloned into the t cloning vector pmd18-t. after being identified by restriction digestion and dna sequencing, the insert was subcloned into the expression vector pgex-kg. sodium docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blot assay showed that this gene was expressed as both soluble form and inclusion body by the transformed e. coli bl21 s ... | 2007 | 18051856 |
| the eadgene microarray data analysis workshop (open access publication). | microarray analyses have become an important tool in animal genomics. while their use is becoming widespread, there is still a lot of ongoing research regarding the analysis of microarray data. in the context of a european network of excellence, 31 researchers representing 14 research groups from 10 countries performed and discussed the statistical analyses of real and simulated 2-colour microarray data that were distributed among participants. the real data consisted of 48 microarrays from a di ... | 2007 | 18053572 |
| optimization of sterilization of escherichia coli in milk by surfactin and fengycin using a response surface method. | in this paper, the sensitivity of escherichia coli to surfactin and fengycin was observed, and the optimization of the antimicrobial activity of surfactin and fengycin to e. coli in milk by a response surface methodology was studied. results showed that e. coli had high sensitivity to these antibiotics, whose minimal inhibitory concentrations were 15.625 microg.ml(-1) and 31.25 microg.ml(-1), respectively. the optimization result indicated that e. coli could be sterilized by 5 orders of magnitud ... | 2008 | 18058172 |
| increased resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 to electron beam following repetitive irradiation at sub-lethal doses. | one way that food processors in the united states have been controlling food-borne pathogens in a non-thermal manner is the application of electron beam (e-beam) radiation. the development of an increased resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 to various stressors such to ph, temperature, ionic strength, and antibiotics has been demonstrated. the objective of this study was to determine if the d(10)-value for e. coli o157:h7 (e. coli) in ground beef increases due to repetitive exposure to e-beam ... | 2008 | 18068251 |
| effect of diet on the concentration of complex shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and ehec virulence genes in bovine faeces, hide and carcass. | an experiment was conducted to determine whether diets based on structural carbohydrate and/or simple sugars, as found in roughage and/or molasses-based diets, reduce the bovine faecal populations of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates containing the eaea and ehxa genes, referred to as complex stec (cstec), compared with typical high starch, grain-based feedlot diets. in addition, whether commercial lairage management practices promote or diminish any diet-induced responses on ... | 2008 | 18068254 |
| cdna cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein p1 gene (rplp1) from the giant panda. | rplp1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by rplp1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. the cdna of rplp1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in e.coli. the cdna fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. alignment analysis indicated that th ... | 2007 | 18071584 |
| the toll-like receptor-4 (tlr-4) pathway and its possible role in the pathogenesis of escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cattle. | mastitis is one of the most costly production diseases in the dairy industry that is caused by a wide array of microorganisms. in this review, we focus on the gram-negative escherichia coli infections that often occur at periods when the innate immune defence mechanisms are impaired (i.e., parturition through the first 60 days of lactation). there is substantial evidence demonstrating that at these periods, the expected influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) into the mammary gla ... | 2008 | 18073092 |
| isolation and characterisation of two novel coliphages with high potential to control antibiotic-resistant pathogenic escherichia coli (ehec and epec). | two newly isolated virulent coliphages (mvbs and mvss) showed ability to lyse (form plaque on) a high percentage of pathogenic escherichia coli strains of various serotypes and origins (292/310; 94.2%), whilst displaying low lytic (plaque-forming) capacity on non-pathogenic ecor strains (mvbs and mvss lysed 10/72 (13.9%) and 15/72 (20.8%) strains, respectively). in comparison, a higher percentage (196/310, 63.2%) of tested isolates exhibited resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. it was als ... | 2008 | 18082374 |
| efficacy of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin combined with piperacillin/tazobactam in experimental rat models of polymicrobial peritonitis. | to investigate the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam combined with indolicidin in the prevention of lethality in two rat models of polymicrobial peritonitis. | 2008 | 18090372 |
| fate of escherichia coi o157:h7 during on-farm dairy manure-based composting. | studies were conducted to determine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure-based compost in a field setting. two trials were performed involving duplicate compost heaps constructed at an outdoor fenced site. the compost heaps were composed of dairy manure, old hay, feed waste, a mixture of sawdust and calf feces, and fresh hay. samples of the composting mixture were inoculated with stx-negative e. coli o157:h7 b6914 at initial concentrations of 10(7) and 10(5) cfu/g for trial 1 and ... | 2007 | 18095421 |
| development and evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based elisa for serodiagnosis of cattle lungworm. | an optimised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of dictyocaulus viviparous-specific antibodies was developed and evaluated following the testing of various microtitration plates and anti-bovine ig-conjugates. based on recombinant major sperm protein (msp) expressed as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein in escherichia coli, sera collected from 112 cattle experimentally infected with d. viviparus, from 129 helminth-naïve calves, 8 calves experimentally infect ... | 2008 | 18155839 |
| antibiotic resistance of commensal escherichia coli of food-producing animals from three vojvodinian farms, serbia. | commensal bacteria of food-producing animals are considered an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance. the aim of this study was to determine the current prevalence of resistance to 18 different antibiotics in animal commensal escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals from three different farms with specific modes of antimicrobial use. a very high prevalence of resistance was found to tetracycline, a moderate level to streptomycin, ampicillin, cefalothin and nalidixic acid and ... | 2008 | 18162377 |
| characterization of inducible stx2-positive escherichia coli o157:h7/h7- strains isolated from cattle in france. | to quantify the variability of the shiga toxin 2 (stx2) production by a panel of stx2-positive escherichia coli o157:h7/h7- isolates from healthy cattle before and after induction with enrofloxacin. | 2008 | 18194247 |
| microbiological quality of retail cheeses made from raw, thermized or pasteurized milk in the uk. | two studies of retail fresh, ripened and semi-hard cheeses made from raw, thermized or pasteurized milk were undertaken in the uk during 2004 and 2005 to determine the microbiological quality of these products. using microbiological criteria in european commission recommendations 2004/24/ec and 2005/175/ec, 2% of both raw, thermized (37/1819 samples) and pasteurized (51/2618 samples) milk cheeses were of unsatisfactory quality. raw or thermized milk cheeses were of unsatisfactory quality due to ... | 2008 | 18206773 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 and non-o157 shiga toxin-producing e. coli in healthy cattle, sheep and swine herds in northern spain. | three-hundred and forty-five herds (17 swine, 122 dairy sheep, 124 beef and 82 dairy cattle) were investigated for prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). rectal faecal samples were selectively enriched and then examined by immunodetection techniques (immunomagnetic separation with anti-e. coli o157 dynabeads, immunomagnetic cell separation (ims) and automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay using vidas) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rfbe and flic genes) to asse ... | 2008 | 18234025 |
| antimicrobial properties of milkfat globule membrane fractions. | milkfat globule membranes (mfgms) were prepared from bovine cream according to standard procedures. these membranes and peptide hydrolysates, which were generated by proteolysis with immobilized digestive enzymes, were screened for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica typhimurium, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus cereus, lactobacillus acidophilus, and lactobacillus gasseri. assays were first performed on beef heart infusion (bhi) p ... | 2008 | 18236672 |
| identification of ground beef-derived fatty acid inhibitors of autoinducer-2-based cell signaling. | autoinducer-2 (ai-2) molecules are used by several microorganisms to modulate various processes, including bioluminescence, biofilm formation, and virulence expression. certain food matrices, including ground beef extracts, possess compounds capable of inhibiting ai-2 activity. in the present study, we identified and characterized these ai-2 inhibitors from ground beef extract using hexane solvent extraction and gas chromatography. gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of several fa ... | 2008 | 18236673 |
| ehaa is a novel autotransporter protein of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 that contributes to adhesion and biofilm formation. | autotransporter (at) proteins have been identified in many gram-negative pathogens and are unique in that their primary sequence is sufficient to direct their transport across the bacterial membrane system. where characterized they are uniformly associated with virulence. using conserved at motifs as a search tool, four putative at proteins were identified in the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 edl933 genome. the genes encoding these proteins (z0402/ehaa, z0469/ehab, z3487/ehac and z3 ... | 2008 | 18237301 |
| role of alphaphe-291 residue in the phosphate-binding subdomain of catalytic sites of escherichia coli atp synthase. | the role of alphaphe-291 residue in phosphate binding by escherichia coli f1f0-atp synthase was examined. x-ray structures of bovine mitochondrial enzyme suggest that this residue resides in close proximity to the conserved betar246 residue. herein, we show that mutations alphaf291d and alphaf291e in e. coli reduce the atpase activity of f1f0 membranes by 350-fold. yet, significant oxidative phosphorylation activity is retained. in contrast to wild-type, atpase activities of mutants were not inh ... | 2008 | 18242162 |
| high-throughput identification of t-lymphocyte antigens from anaplasma marginale expressed using in vitro transcription and translation. | the ability to rapidly screen a complex pathogen proteome for proteins that elicit recall t-lymphocyte responses from immune individuals would accelerate vaccine development. an outer membrane fraction of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity against infection and disease in cattle. we have used this immunization model to evaluate high-throughput screening of proteins expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (ivtt) for recognition by memory cd4(+) t- ... | 2008 | 18243240 |
| the complete genome sequence of escherichia coli dh10b: insights into the biology of a laboratory workhorse. | escherichia coli dh10b was designed for the propagation of large insert dna library clones. it is used extensively, taking advantage of properties such as high dna transformation efficiency and maintenance of large plasmids. the strain was constructed by serial genetic recombination steps, but the underlying sequence changes remained unverified. we report the complete genomic sequence of dh10b by using reads accumulated from the bovine sequencing project at baylor college of medicine and assembl ... | 2008 | 18245285 |
| modulation of chemokine gene expression by shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli belonging to various origins and serotypes. | infection with shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) may result in the development of the haemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), the main cause of acute renal failure in children. while o157:h7 stec are associated with large outbreaks of hus, it is difficult to predict whether a non-o157:h7 isolate can be pathogenic for humans. the mucosal innate immune response plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hus; therefore, we compared the induction of il-8 and ccl20 in human colon epithelial ce ... | 2008 | 18248761 |
| characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) against mastitis-causing escherichia coli. | the objective of this study was to estimate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) against mastitis-causing escherichia coli. specific igy was produced by hens immunized with formaldehyde killed e. coli o111 in long-standing immunization response (titer > or =6400 for 100 days) and was isolated from yolks with a purity of 86% by water dilution, salt precipitations and ultrafiltration. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) indicated the produced igy specifically targeted e. co ... | 2008 | 18255238 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance of fecal escherichia coli and salmonella spp. isolates from united states dairy cows. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern for public and animal health. threats to public health could come from the transfer of pathogens from animals to people via indirect contact such as through food or by direct contact with animals. in addition, concern has been raised for the potential transfer of resistance determinants from animals to humans through commensal bacterial flora such as escherichia coli. isolates of e. coli and salmonella spp. from dairy cows on farms in 21 states were ... | 2008 | 18260811 |
| assessment of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of escherichia coli shed by healthy lactating dairy cattle. | a study was conducted to assess the diversity among fecal escherichia coli from healthy lactating cattle. e. coli (n = 100) isolates from 10 healthy lactating dairy cows of a pennsylvania dairy herd were examined for phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. results revealed 26, 58, 10, and 6 e. coli isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups a, b1, b2, and d respectively. overall, 63 serotypes, nine antibiotic resistance profiles, and 65 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiles were obser ... | 2008 | 18260814 |
| phosphatases and kinases. | the reaction conditions and applications of two phosphatases and one kinase are described in this unit. bacterial alkaline phosphatase (bap) from e. coli and calf intestine phosphatase (cip) from veal are commonly used in nucleic acid research. both enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphate residues from dna, rna, and ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. the dephosphorylated products possess 5'-hydroxyl termini which can subsequently be radioactively labeled using [gamma-32p]atp an ... | 2001 | 18265219 |
| the concerted action of lactoferrin and bacteriophages in the clearance of bacteria in sublethally infected mice. | both lactoferrin (lf) and bacteriophages are potent antibacterial agents. lf is contained in the secretory fluids of mammals and bacteriophages are specific bacterial viruses. | 2008 | 18268472 |
| endothelial cell apoptosis induced by bacteria-activated platelets requires caspase-8 and -9 and generation of reactive oxygen species. | a common feature of severe sepsis is vascular inflammation and damage to the endothelium. because platelets can be directly activated by bacteria and endotoxin, these cells may play an important role in determining the outcome of sepsis. for example, inhibiting platelet interactions with the endothelium has been shown to attenuate endothelial cell damage and improve survival during sepsis. although not entirely understood, the interactions between bacteria-activated platelets and the endothelium ... | 2008 | 18278187 |
| the methionine sulfoxide reductases: catalysis and substrate specificities. | oxidation of met residues in proteins leads to the formation of methionine sulfoxides (metso). methionine sulfoxide reductases (msr) are ubiquitous enzymes, which catalyze the reduction of the sulfoxide function of the oxidized methionine residues. in vivo, the role of msrs is described as essential in protecting cells against oxidative damages and to play a role in infection of cells by pathogenic bacteria. there exist two structurally-unrelated classes of msrs, called msra and msrb, with oppos ... | 2008 | 18302927 |
| effect of skimmed milk and its fractions on the inactivation of escherichia coli k12 by high hydrostatic pressure treatment. | we investigated the effects of skimmed milk and its protein fractions (casein, whey, globulin, and albumin) on the injury and inactivation of escherichia coli k-12 by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment. the protective effect of skimmed milk on hhp-mediated inactivation and injury of e. coli increased with increases in the skimmed milk concentration. however, protein fractions derived from skimmed milk did not exhibit this protective effect. microscopy analysis by dapi/pi staining indicate ... | 2008 | 18313781 |
| role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. | a number of antioxidants and trace minerals have important roles in immune function and may affect health in transition dairy cows. vitamin e and beta-carotene are important cellular antioxidants. selenium (se) is involved in the antioxidant system via its role in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. inadequate dietary vitamin e or se decreases neutrophil function during the perpariturient period. supplementation of vitamin e and/or se has reduced the incidence of mastitis and retained placenta, a ... | 2008 | 18325801 |
| risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7 in marketed unpasteurized milk in selected east african countries. | we carried out a study to assess the risk associated with the presence of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) in informally marketed unpasteurized milk in urban east africa. data for the risk models were obtained from on-going and recently completed studies in kenya and uganda. inputs for the model were complemented with data from published literature in similar populations. a fault-tree scenario pathway and modular process risk model approach were used for exposure assessment. hazard charac ... | 2008 | 18326173 |
| uterine diseases in cattle after parturition. | bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen is common in cattle after parturition, often leading to infection and uterine disease. clinical disease can be diagnosed and scored by examination of the vaginal mucus, which reflects the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes. viruses may also cause uterine disease and bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) is tropic for endometrial cells, causing a rapid cytopathic effect. the elimination of pathogens by the inn ... | 2008 | 18329302 |
| preparation, characterization and refolding in vitro of a recombinant human cyclophilin a mutant: effect of a single pro/ser substitution on cyclophilin a structure and properties. | a recombinant cyclophilin a (cypa) mutant, which carries a serine instead of proline at sequence 16, was prepared for structural and functional assessment for human cypa. soluble expression of the recombinant cypa mutant in e. coli was obtained under 30 degrees c, 180 rpm culture condition after being induced by iptg. ion exchange chromatography was used to purify the cypa mutant in a single step, and a high activity recovery of target protein with a high purity was achieved. peptide fragments p ... | 2008 | 18333624 |
| isolation of e. coli o157:h7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in dagoretti division, nairobi, kenya: prevalence and risk factors. | to estimate the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health. | 2007 | 18338724 |
| functional role of polyhydroxy compounds on protein structure and thermal stability studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. | polyhydroxy compounds such as cyclitols, acyclic polyols and sugars are produced by a wide variety of organisms under stressful conditions in order to protect macromolecular structure. plants undergoing abiotic stresses like heat and dehydration accumulate enormous amounts of polyhydroxy compounds (up to 400 mm) in their cellular tissues. not only do they serve as osmoprotectants ("compatible solutes"), they also protect membrane structure and preserve enzymatic activity. to gain further insight ... | 2008 | 18343146 |
| transmission and quantification of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in dairy cattle and calves. | data from a field study of 14 months duration in a naturally colonized dairy herd and data from an experiment with calves were used to quantify transmission of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec o157) in cattle. for the latter, two groups of 10 calves were randomly assigned and put out in one of two pastures. from each group, five animals were experimentally inoculated with 109 c.f.u. o157 vtec and, considered infectious, put back in their group. each of the susceptible contact calve ... | 2009 | 18346284 |
| incidence rate of clinical mastitis on canadian dairy farms. | no nationwide studies of the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm) have been conducted in canada. because the ircm and distribution of mastitis-causing bacteria may show substantial geographic variation, the primary objective of this study was to determine regional pathogen-specific ircm on canadian dairy farms. additionally, the association of pathogen-specific ircm with bulk milk somatic cell count (bmscc) and barn type were determined. in total, 106 dairy farms in 10 provinces of canada ... | 2008 | 18349229 |
| antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by two different tests. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 5%) and chlorhexidine (0.12%, 0.5% and 1%) with or without the addition of organic material (bovine serum albumin, bsa) against some bacterial samples (staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum) using two activity tests (contact and diffusion agar tests). in the contact test (first model), bacterial samples were kept in contact ... | 2008 | 18352899 |
| environmental prevention of human disease from verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is an important cause of mortality and renal failure worldwide. for those patients who need medical attention, no treatment aside from supportive care has proven effective for this disease. this has prompted a broader look at environmental prevention, with a particular emphasis on the transmission of bacteria from animal carriers to human beings. here, we review animal- and meat-handling strategies to reduce the bu ... | 2008 | 18356186 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 colonization in cattle following systemic and mucosal immunization with purified h7 flagellin. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is an important pathogen of humans. cattle are most frequently identified as the primary source of infection, and therefore, reduction in e. coli o157:h7 prevalence in cattle by vaccination represents an attractive strategy for reducing the incidence of human disease. h7 flagella have been implicated in intestinal-epithelial colonization of e. coli o157:h7 and may represent a useful target for vaccination. in this study, calves were immunized either systemically with h7 ... | 2008 | 18362130 |
| biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity. | to assess the suitability of an antiseptic agent, both the microbicidal activity and the cytotoxic effect must be taken into consideration to derive biocompatible antibacterial agents. | 2008 | 18364400 |
| evolution, expression and effectiveness in a cluster of novel bovine beta-defensins. | the anti-microbial peptides beta-defensins constitute a large family of innate immune effector molecules, conserved across a wide species range. in this paper, we describe a systematic search of the sequenced bovine genome to characterise this extensive gene family in bos taurus, providing an insight into the pattern of conservation of beta-defensin genes between species. we have sequenced a sub-set of these newly discovered bovine beta-defensin genes and also report expression data for these ge ... | 2008 | 18369613 |
| electron microscopic analysis of dairy microbes inactivated by ultrasound. | ultrasonication is a non-thermal method of food preservation that has the advantage of inactivating microbes in food without causing the common side-effects associated with conventional heat treatments, such as nutrient and flavour loss. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasound as an alternative to heat pasteurisation and to assess cell damage using transmission electron microscopy (tem). three spoilage microbes, previously isolated from pasteurised milk, were used as "test" m ... | 2008 | 18406653 |
| beta-hydroxybutyrate abrogates formation of bovine neutrophil extracellular traps and bactericidal activity against mammary pathogenic escherichia coli. | escherichia coli is an important bacterial species isolated from bovine mastitis. the rate of neutrophil recruitment into the mammary gland and their bactericidal activity largely affect the severity and outcome of the disease. ketosis is a common metabolic disease, and affected dairy cows are known to have increased risk for mastitis and other infectious conditions. the disease is associated with high blood and milk levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (bhba), previously shown to negatively affect ne ... | 2008 | 18411287 |
| activatable shiga toxin 2d (stx2d) in stec strains isolated from cattle and sheep at slaughter. | shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) harbouring the stx(2d-activatable) gene and expressing the mucus- and elastase-activatable phenotype have been associated with severe outcomes of human disease. however, there is limited data available on the occurrence of such strains in livestock reservoirs. in this study, we analyzed 11 stec strains isolated from healthy cattle and sheep at slaughter that were originally detected to contain the stx(2c) allele, for the presence of the stx(2d-activa ... | 2008 | 18417300 |
| inhibitory effects of bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin b on enterobacter sakazakii. | the susceptibility of enterobacter sakazakii, a food-borne pathogen, to several metal-bound forms of bovine lactoferrin (lf), pepsin-hydrolyzed lf (lf-hyd), and lf-derived peptide lactoferricin b (lfcin b) was tested. mic and mbc testing revealed that 4 strains of e. sakazakii show susceptibility to apo- and cu-lf, lf-hyd, and lfcin b, but not to fe-lf, similarly to escherichia coli. a growth curve test indicated that e. sakazakii was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by apo-lf at 0.5 to 8 mg ... | 2008 | 18432114 |
| three-dimensional structure of respiratory complex i from escherichia coli in ice in the presence of nucleotides. | complex i (nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest protein complex of bacterial and mitochondrial respiratory chains. the first three-dimensional structure of bacterial complex i in vitrified ice was determined by electron cryo-microscopy and single particle analysis. the structure of the escherichia coli enzyme incubated with either nad(+) (as a reference) or nadh was calculated to 35 and 39 a resolution, respectively. the x-ray structure of the peripheral arm of thermus thermophilus com ... | 2008 | 18433710 |
| development of a conductometric phosphate biosensor based on tri-layer maltose phosphorylase composite films. | a conductometric biosensor for phosphate detection was developed using maltose phosphorylase (mp) from recombinant escherichia coli immobilized on a planar interdigitated electrode by cross-linking with saturated glutaraldehyde (ga) vapour in the presence of bovine serum albumin (bsa). the process parameters for the fabrication of the mono-enzymatic sensor and various experimental variables such as the enzyme loading, time of immobilization in saturated ga vapour, working buffer solution and tem ... | 2008 | 18440365 |
| new adhesin of enteroaggregative escherichia coli related to the afa/dr/aaf family. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is an important cause of diarrhea worldwide. we analyzed 17 danish eaec strains, isolated in the course of a case control study, for phenotypic and genotypic properties. the strains belonged to at least 14 different serotypes. using pcr to investigate the prevalence of various putative virulence genes, we found that all but two strains were typical eaec, as they harbored all or part of the previously described aggr regulon. the majority of the strains ha ... | 2008 | 18443096 |
| comparison of fecal versus rectoanal mucosal swab sampling for detecting escherichia coli o157:h7 in experimentally inoculated cattle used in assessing bacteriophage as a mitigation strategy. | this study was conducted to compare fecal grab (fec) and rectoanal mucosal swab (rams) techniques as sampling methods for surveillance of escherichia coli o157:h7 in conjunction with administration of a mitigation therapy. the study was nested within a larger experiment that investigated bacteriophage as a preharvest strategy for controlling e. coli o157:h7 in feedlot steers. samples (fec and rams) were collected from 16 of the 32 feedlot steers (control and oral bacteriophage treatment; n = 8) ... | 2008 | 18468021 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef by single-cycle and multiple-cycle high-pressure treatments. | the effect of single- and multiple-cycle high-pressure treatments on the survival of escherichia coli cect 4972, a strain belonging to the o157:h7 serotype, in ground beef was investigated. beef patties were inoculated with 10(7) cfu/g e. coli o157:h7, and held at 4 degrees c for 20 h before high-pressure treatments. reduction of the e. coli o157:h7 population by single-cycle treatments at 400 mpa and 12 degrees c ranged from 0.82 log cfu/g for a 1-min cycle to 4.39 log cfu/g for a 20-min cycle. ... | 2008 | 18468038 |
| epidemiological survey on escherichia coli o157 in chongqing and three-gorge reservoir areas of china. | prevalence, presence of virulence and adherence associated genes, genetic diversity, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility were determined for escherichia coli o157 isolated over 4 months in chongqing city and three-gorge reservoir areas. 11 isolates of e. coli o157 were isolated from 1504 samples and 7 of them are o157:h7 and 4 are o157:h? all o157:h7 isolates had eaea, ehxa, espa and tccp genes, but did not have stx1 and stx2. all o157:h? isolates did not have stx1, stx2, ... | 2008 | 18481192 |
| assembly of a membrane receptor complex: roles of the uroplakin ii prosequence in regulating uroplakin bacterial receptor oligomerization. | the apical surface of the mammalian urothelium is almost completely covered by two-dimensional protein crystals (known as urothelial plaques) of hexagonally packed 16 nm particles consisting of two up (uroplakin) heterodimers, i.e. ups ia/ii and ib/iii pairs. ups are functionally important as they contribute to the urothelial permeability barrier function, and upia may serve as the receptor for the uropathogenic escherichia coli that causes over 90% of urinary tract infections. we study here how ... | 2008 | 18481938 |
| virulence factors of avian escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome. | virulence characteristics of 50 strains of escherichia coli isolated from chickens with swollen head syndrome were examined. the results were the following: in the absence of d-mannose, 74% of strains agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes, but in the presence of d-mannose 32% agglutinated guinea-pig erythrocytes and 62% agglutinated human erythrocytes. when slide agglutination assays were carried out with antisera to adhesin of bovine and swine origin (k88, k99, f41, f42 987p and 2134p), only 14% ... | 1998 | 18483979 |
| were there any "misassignments" among iron-sulfur clusters n4, n5 and n6b in nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (complex i)? | nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) in bovine heart mitochondria has a molecular weight of approximately 1 million da composed of 45 distinct subunits. it is the largest energy transducing complex so far known. bacterial complex i is simpler and smaller, but the essential redox components and the basic mechanisms of electron and proton translocation are the same. over the past three decades, ohnishi et al. have pursued extensive epr studies near liquid helium temperatures and characterized m ... | 2008 | 18486592 |
| genotypic characterization and prevalence of virulence factors among canadian escherichia coli o157:h7 strains. | in this study, the association between genotypic and selected phenotypic characteristics was examined in a collection of canadian escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from humans and cattle in the provinces of alberta, ontario, saskatchewan, and quebec. in a subset of 69 strains selected on the basis of specific phage types (pts), a strong correlation between the lineage-specific polymorphism assay (lspa6) genotype and pt was observed with all strains of pts 4, 14, 21, 31, 33, and 87 belong ... | 2008 | 18487402 |
| synergistic effect between different milk-derived peptides and proteins. | antimicrobial peptides derived from food proteins constitute a new field in the combined use of antimicrobial agents in food. the best examples of milk-derived peptides are those constituted by bovine lactoferricin [lactoferrin f(17-41)] (lfcin-b) and bovine alpha(s2)-casein f(183-207). the aim of this work was to study if the antimicrobial activity of a natural compound employed in food preservation, nisin, could be enhanced by combination with the aforementioned milk-derived peptides. furtherm ... | 2008 | 18487640 |
| staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli cause deviating expression profiles of cytokines and lactoferrin messenger ribonucleic acid in mammary epithelial cells. | pathogens invading the mammary gland cause a complex signaling network that activates the early immune defense and leads to an outcome of inflammation symptoms. to examine the importance of mammary epithelial cells in these regulations and interactions resulting in a pathogen-related course of mastitis, we characterized the mrna expression profile of key molecules of the innate immune system by quantitative real-time pcr. mammary gland epithelial cells isolated on d 42 of lactation from 28 first ... | 2008 | 18487644 |
| comparison of holstein and jersey innate immune responses to escherichia coli intramammary infection. | mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in cattle and remains among the most costly diseases to the dairy industry. various surveys have indicated a greater prevalence of and risk for mastitis in holstein cows than in jersey cows. the innate immune system comprises the immediate host defense mechanisms that respond to infection, and differences in the magnitude and rapidity of this response are known to influence susceptibility to and clearance of infectious pathogens. the reported differ ... | 2008 | 18487645 |
| pathogen-specific effects of quantitative trait loci affecting clinical mastitis and somatic cell count in danish holstein cattle. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting the risk of clinical mastitis (cm) and qtl affecting somatic cell score (scs) exhibit pathogen-specific effects on the incidence of mastitis. bacteriological data on mastitis pathogens were used to investigate pathogen specificity of qtl affecting treatments of mastitis in first parity (cm1), second parity (cm2), and third parity (cm3), and qtl affecting scs. the 5 most common mastitis pathogens in the danis ... | 2008 | 18487673 |
| detection and determinants of escherichia coil o157:h7 in alberta feedlot pens immediately prior to slaughter. | food safety risks due to escherichia coli o157:h7 may be affected by variability in prevalence in or on live cattle at slaughter. our objectives were to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with e. coli o157:h7 in feedlot pens immediately prior to slaughter, and assess relationships among methods of monitoring the e. coli o157:h7 status of pre-harvest pens. we studied 84 pens containing a total of nearly 27,000 head of cattle in commercial feedlots in alberta during 2003 and 2004. s ... | 2008 | 18505184 |
| phylogenetic background of attaching and effacing escherichia coli isolates from animals. | detection and distribution of eae gene in forty-four attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec) strains of animal origin were investigated. association of distinct intimin alleles with phylogenetic background were assessed among strains in comparison with different serogroups. phylogenetic analysis showed that 31 ehec/eae+ stec strains belong to groups a, b1 and e, 13 epec strains segregated in b1 and b2. moreover, group a possessed the eae gamma2/theta type, group b1 the eae beta1, eae kapp ... | 2008 | 18509740 |
| identification of immune genes and proteins involved in the response of bovine mammary tissue to staphylococcus aureus infection. | mastitis in dairy cattle results from infection of mammary tissue by a range of micro-organisms but principally coliform bacteria and gram positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus. the former species are often acquired by environmental contamination while s. aureus is particularly problematic due to its resistance to antibiotic treatments and ability to reside within mammary tissue in a chronic, subclinical state. the transcriptional responses within bovine mammary epithelial tissue subje ... | 2008 | 18513449 |
| ribosomal rna-based analysis of the bacterial flora from the conjunctivae of cattle with bovine keratoconjunctivitis (bkc). | bovine keratoconjunctivitis (bkc), colloquially referred to as 'pinkeye', is a disease affecting cattle worldwide; it costs cattle producers millions of dollars in economic loss annually. while moraxella spp. are the primary etiologic agent of pinkeye, surveys of flora from the conjunctivae of livestock from around the world have indicated that a variety of bacterial commensals occupy this niche. we used molecular biology-based methods to determine the composition of bacterial flora in the conju ... | 2008 | 18513895 |
| validation of a commercial process for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of whole muscle beef jerky. | we validated the lethality of three time and temperature regimens for commercial processing of whole muscle beef jerky. a total of ca. 8.9 log cfu per strip of multiple-strain cocktails of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, or listeria monocytogenes were separately applied onto the surface of beef strips that were treated as follows: (i) inoculated but not marinated or (ii) inoculated and then marinated. a total of three beef strips for each treatment in each of three trials were ... | 2008 | 18522024 |
| acceptor substrate specificity of udp-gal: glcnac-r beta1,3-galactosyltransferase (wbbd) from escherichia coli o7:k1. | most of the glycosyltransferases involved in o antigen biosynthesis have not yet been characterized. we recently demonstrated that the wbbd gene of the o7 lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster in e. coli strain vw187 (o7:k1) encodes wbbd, a udp-gal: glcnacalpha-pyrophosphate-lipid beta1,3-gal-transferase (ec 2.4.1., accession number aac27537) that transfers the second sugar moiety in the assembly of the o7 repeating unit. the enzyme utilizes undecaprenol-pyrophosphate-glcnac as a natural accep ... | 2008 | 18536883 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the carbohydrate-recognizing domain (vp8*) of bovine rotavirus strain ncdv. | the infectivity of rotavirus is dramatically enhanced by proteolytic cleavage of its outer layer vp4 spike protein into two functional domains, vp8* and vp5*. the carbohydrate-recognizing domain vp8* is proposed to bind sialic acid-containing host cell-surface glycans and this is followed by a series of subsequent virus-cell interactions. live attenuated human and bovine rotavirus vaccine candidates for the prevention of gastroenteritis have been derived from bovine rotavirus strain ncdv. the nc ... | 2008 | 18540062 |
| selenoglutaredoxin as a glutathione peroxidase mimic. | glutaredoxin (grx1) from escherichia coli is a monomeric, 85-amino-acid-long, disulfide-containing redox protein. a grx1 variant in which the redox-active disulfide was replaced with a selenocysteine (c11u/c14s) was prepared by native chemical ligation from three fragments as a potential mimic of the natural selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (gpx). selenoglutaredoxin, like the analogous c14s grx1 variant, shows weak peroxidase activity. the selenol provides a 30-fold advantage over the thiol, ... | 2008 | 18548475 |
| characterization of an escherichia coli o157:h7 o-antigen deletion mutant and effect of the deletion on bacterial persistence in the mouse intestine and colonization at the bovine terminal rectal mucosa. | escherichia coli o157:h7 causes hemorrhagic colitis and the life-threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and transiently colonizes healthy cattle at the terminal rectal mucosa. to investigate the role of the o antigen in persistence and colonization in the animal host, we generated an e. coli o157:h7 mutant defective in the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide side chain (o antigen) by deletion of a putative perosamine synthetase gene (per) in the rfb cluster. the lack of o antigen was co ... | 2008 | 18552194 |
| acute phase response in two consecutive experimentally induced e. coli intramammary infections in dairy cows. | acute phase proteins haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp) have suggested to be suitable inflammatory markers for bovine mastitis. the aim of the study was to investigate acute phase markers along with clinical parameters in two consecutive intramammary challenges with escherichia coli and to evaluate the possible carry-over effect when same animals are used in an experimental model. | 2008 | 18554387 |
| [microbiological studies of spiced beef burgers in tripoli city, libyan arab jamahiriya]. | we investigated the microbiological quality of uncooked and cooked spiced beef burger in restaurants and fast food places in tripoli city and surrounding areas. thus 151 samples (92 cooked and 59 uncooked) were analysed microbiologically. the results showed that all samples were highly contaminated with bacteria; 74.5%, 28.8%, 27.1% and 18.6% of the uncooked samples were contaminated with escherichia coli, aeromonas spp., staphylococcus aureus and e. coli o157:h7 respectively. additionally 11.9% ... | 2008 | 18557465 |
| thionin thi2.1 from arabidopsis thaliana expressed in endothelial cells shows antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. | thionins are plant antimicrobial peptides with antibacterial and antifungal activities. thionin thi2.1 cdna from arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in bve-e6e7 bovine endothelial cell line and its activity was evaluated against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans and different mammal cell lines. total protein (2.5 microg) from conditioned medium (cm) of clone ec-thi2.1 inhibited the growth of e. coli, s. aureus (>90%) and c. albicans strains (>80%) in relation to the cm fro ... | 2008 | 18563581 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated with raw milk consumption in the pacific northwest. | in late 2005, health officials in clark county, washington noted a higher than expected number of escherichia coli cases among residents and sought to identify a possible common source for infection. in order to identify risk factors, health officials conducted a retrospective cohort study and an environmental site investigation using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to identify and prevent future cases from occurring. several lines of evidence supported raw milk as the cause of infection ... | 2008 | 18564912 |
| identification of a bovine mastitis escherichia coli subset. | eleven escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis cases (mastitic strains) and 11 from the cowshed environment (environmental strains) were compared, to determine if the former were a subset of the latter. the mastitic and environmental strains could not be distinguished according to o antigen and antibiotic sensitivity. all mastitic isolates showed significantly (p<0.0001) faster growth in milk and faster lactose fermentation than most (approximately 64%) environmental strains, but ... | 2008 | 18571344 |
| screening of high-affinity scfvs from a ribosome displayed library using biacore biosensor. | an experimental protocol was developed to screen high-affinity single-chain fv antibody fragments (scfvs) from a xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) immunized ribosome display library using biacore biosensor. the screening methods involved immobilizing antigen [lipopolysaccharides (lps) of xac] on sensor chip hpa and then unpurified expression products of scfvs flowing over the immobilized sensor chip. the affinity-improved scfvs were selected based on dissociation rate constants (k (d)). thi ... | 2009 | 18574567 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick bm95 immunogenic peptides on escherichia coli. | the surface display of heterologous proteins on live escherichia coli using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has impacted on many areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (msp1a) contains n-terminal surface-exposed repeated peptides (28-289 amino acids) that are involved in pathogen interaction with host cell receptors and is surface-displayed when the recombinant protein is expressed in e. coli. therefore, it was ... | 2008 | 18582976 |
| impact of transportation and lairage on hide contamination with escherichia coli o157 in finished beef cattle. | transportation of cattle from the feedlot to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination of escherichia coli o157. a study was initiated to investigate the influence of transportation and lairage on shedding and hide contamination of e. coli o157. fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 pens of harvest-ready beef cattle at the feedlot prior to transport and again at the slaughter plant immediately after slaughter. potential risk factors for hide contamination at the feedlot, duri ... | 2008 | 18592735 |
| transfer of immunoglobulins through the mammary endothelium and epithelium and in the local lymph node of cows during the initial response after intramammary challenge with e. coli endotoxin. | the first hours after antigen stimulation, interactions occur influencing the outcome of the immunological reaction. immunoglobulins originate in blood and/or are locally synthesized. the transfer of ig isotypes (igs) in the udder has been studied previously but without the possibility to distinguish between the endothelium and the epithelium. the purpose of this study was to map the ig transfer through each barrier, separately, and ig transfer in the local lymph nodes of the bovine udder during ... | 2008 | 18597683 |
| exposure to endotoxin during estrus alters the timing of ovulation and hormonal concentrations in cows. | the effect of intramammary (imm) or intravenous (iv) administration of e. coli endotoxin (lps), at the onset of estrus, at the time of ovulation was examined. steroid and gonadotropin concentrations around ovulation were also determined. lactating holstein cows (n=33) were assigned to saline-controls (n=12) and treated with lps-iv (0.5 microg/kg; n=13) or lps-imm (10 microg; n=8). synchronized cows were observed continuously for estrus. lps (or saline) was injected within 30 min from the onset o ... | 2008 | 18602682 |
| duplex real-time pcr assays for rapid detection of virulence genes in e. coli isolated from post-weaning pigs and calves with diarrhoea. | duplex real-time pcr assays were used as modules to cover partially automated detection of 12 genes encoding adhesins, enterotoxins and shiga toxins in faecal e. coli isolates. for this a total of 194 e. coli isolates from pigs suffering from post-weaning diarrhoea (pwd), including 65 isolates with haemolytic activity, and 83 isolates from calves with diarrhoea were examined. data obtained by pcr were compared with o-typing and with haemolytic activity as indirect virulence markers. e. coli o-ty ... | 2008 | 18605375 |
| fate of chlorate present in cattle wastes and its impact on salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7. | chlorate salts are being developed as a feed additive to reduce the numbers of pathogens in feedlot cattle. a series of studies was conducted to determine whether chlorate, at concentrations expected to be excreted in urine of dosed cattle, would also reduce the populations of pathogens in cattle wastes (a mixture of urine and feces) and to determine the fate of chlorate in cattle wastes. chlorate salts present in a urine-manure-soil mixture at 0, 17, 33, and 67 ppm had no significant effect on ... | 2008 | 18605736 |
| prevalence of vtec o157 in dairy and veal herds and risk factors for veal herds. | the aim of this study was to determine the herd prevalence of veal and dairy herds and to identify risk factors for vtec o157 positive veal herds. the study was based on monitoring data from november 1996 through july 2005 of 1051 dairy herds and 930 veal herds. the herd level prevalence (95% ci) was 8.0% (6.4-9.6) for dairy herds and 12.6% (10.5-14.7) for veal herds. within the population of veal herds, a prevalence of 39.8% (33.9-45.6) was found for pink veal herds (n = 269) and 1.5% (0.7-2.8) ... | 2008 | 18614252 |
| quantitative risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7 in frozen ground beef patties consumed by young children in french households. | a quantitative risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7 in frozen ground beef patties consumed by children under 10 years of age in french households was conducted by a national study group describing an outbreak which occurred in france in 2005. our exposure assessment model incorporates results from french surveys on consumption frequency of ground beef patties, serving size and consumption preference, microbial destruction experiments and microbial counts on patties sampled from the indus ... | 2008 | 18617285 |
| the response of hek293 cells transfected with bovine tlr2 to established pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to bacteria causing mastitis in cattle. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are key sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). their role in immunity is difficult to examine in species of veterinary interest, due to restricted access to the knockout technology and tlr-specific antibodies. an alternative approach is to generate cell lines transfected with various tlrs and to examine the recognition of pamps or relevant bacteria. in this report, we examined whether recognition of various pamps and mastitis-causing bacteria is ach ... | 2008 | 18621422 |
| diversity of escherichia coli o157 in a longitudinal farm study using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | to perform a longitudinal study of the diversity of escherichia coli o157 from a ruminant pasture/stream environment using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva). | 2008 | 18631199 |
| mastitis in post-partum dairy cows. | transition from the dry period to lactation is a high risk period for the modern dairy cow. the biggest challenge at that time is mastitis. environmental bacteria are the most problematic pathogens around parturition. coliforms are able to cause severe infections in multiparous cows, and heifers are likely to be infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci. during the periparturient period, hormonal and other factors make the dairy cows more or less immunocompromised. a successful mastitis con ... | 2008 | 18638132 |
| helicobacter pylori-induced inhibition of vascular endothelial cell functions: a role for vaca-dependent nitric oxide reduction. | epidemiological and clinical studies provide compelling support for a causal relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular diseases. however, clear biochemical evidence for this association is limited. in the present study, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of endothelial injury in bovine aortic endothelial cells (baecs) induced by h. pylori-conditioned medium (hpcm) prepared from h. pylori 60190 [vacuolating cytotoxin a (vac(+) ... | 2008 | 18660451 |
| recombinant human intelectin binds bovine lactoferrin and its peptides. | intelectin (intl), a lectin that exists on the brush border membrane of the small intestine, plays a role in the innate immune response and also acts as a receptor for lactoferrin (lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and other secretions. similar to human lf (hlf), bovine lf (blf) has been shown to induce proliferation and differentiation of human enterocytes and to modulate their cytokine productions. to evaluate the interaction between human intl (hintl) and blf, recombinant hintl ... | 2008 | 18670097 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric bacteria recovered from feedlot cattle administered chlortetracycline in feed. | to evaluate administration of chlortetracycline in feed of cattle as a method to select for tetracycline resistance among enteric bacteria in feedlot settings. | 2008 | 18672961 |
| diversity of virulence profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotypes in food-producing animals in brazil. | the prevalence, serotypes and virulence profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were investigated in 205 healthy beef and dairy cattle, and 106 goats reared in the southeastern region of minas gerais state, brazil. the prevalence of stec was 57.5% (61/106) in goats, 39.2%, (40/102) in beef cattle and 17.5% (18/103) in dairy cattle. among the 514 stec isolates, 40 different serotypes were found and some of them were identified in a specific host. stec isolates harboring stx1 cor ... | 2008 | 18678426 |
| studies to evaluate chemicals and conditions with low-pressure applications for reducing microbial counts on cattle hides. | studies were conducted to identify effective antimicrobials and application parameters that could be used as decontamination interventions to reduce microbial loads on cattle hides before removal from carcasses. in study i, hide swatches inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7 were sprayed with 10% acetic acid (at 23 and 55 degrees c), 10% lactic acid (at 23 and 55 degrees c), 3% sodium hydroxide (at 23 degrees c) or 4 and 5% sodium metasilicate (at 23 degrees c). all antimicrobials were evalua ... | 2008 | 18680931 |
| a two-dose regimen of a vaccine against escherichia coli o157:h7 type iii secreted proteins reduced environmental transmission of the agent in a large-scale commercial beef feedlot clinical trial. | a clinical vaccine trial of commercially fed cattle tested the effect of a two-dose regimen of a vaccine product against type iii secreted proteins of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 on the probability of detecting the organism on environmental sampling devices. within commercial feedlots, pens of vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle were matched by reprocessing schedule and time of sampling. vaccine was administered to all cattle within treated pens at arrival processing and again at r ... | 2008 | 18681791 |
| citrus products decrease growth of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in pure culture and in fermentation with mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. | orange peel and orange pulp are by-products that are included in feedlot and dairy cattle diets because of their low cost and high nutritional quality. the antimicrobial activity of citrus oils has been reported previously. the present study was carried out to determine whether these citrus by-products exert antimicrobial effects on escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium populations that are found in cattle gastrointestinal tracts. the growth of pure cultures (n = 3) of e. coli o157 ... | 2008 | 18681795 |
| high rates of escherichia coli transmission between livestock and humans in rural uganda. | escherichia coli is a zoonotic bacterium that is important to both public health and livestock economics. to date, most studies of zoonotic e. coli transmission have been conducted in developed nations with industrialized agricultural economies. in this study, e. coli bacteria were collected from people and livestock in two communities in rural western uganda in order to investigate patterns of interspecific bacterial transmission in a developing rural economy characterized by very close human-l ... | 2008 | 18685012 |
| [calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acids: the features of alkaline phosphatases inhibition]. | the inhibition of alkaline phosphatases by calix[4]arenes functionalysed at the macrocyclic upper rim by one or two methylenebisphosphonic acid fragments has been investigated. it is established, that calix[4]arene bismethylenebisphosphonic acid displayed stronger inhibition of alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestine mucosa than calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acid. at the same time, the both inhibitors showed almost similar levels of inhibitory activities in respect of bovine kidney alk ... | 2007 | 18712108 |
| all blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic e. coli that produces one or more shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid po157. the bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of e. col ... | 2008 | 18716441 |