Publications

[the antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of botrytis cinerea pers].	antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. high fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (ptm) has been stated for dendrodochium toxicum, myrothecium verrucaria, m. roridum, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. the studied representatives of phytopat ...	1995	8714399
use of phenotypic and genotypic fingerprinting methods in the strain identification of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus isolates (n = 6) from a lung transplant recipient, one isolate from a patient who had been on the same ward and a reference strain (ncpf 2140) were compared using three typing methods: sds-page, immunoblotting with serum from the transplant patient and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay. neither the sds-page, immunoblot nor rapd assay with single primers revealed differences between the eight isolates. digestion of one primer product with the endonuclease ecori d ...	1995	8720191
peracute disseminated fatal aspergillus fumigatus sepsis as a complication of corticoid-treated systemic lupus erythematosus.	immunocompromised and granulocytopenic patients and those receiving long-term or high-dose corticoid treatment are predisposed to disseminating aspergillus infections. however, aspergillus infection has been described only rarely in patients with autoimmune diseases. we report on a woman suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus treated by antibiotics and high-dose corticosteroids, a primary risk factor, who developed a peracute disseminated fatal aspergillus fumigatus infection involving the ...	1995	8720197
the isolation, purification and identification of fumitremorgin b produced by aspergillus fumigatus.	twenty-six strains of aspergillus fumigatus were screened for toxigenicity for fumitremorgins a and b. twenty-three of 26 strains can produce fumitremorgin b in rice medium determined by tlc and hplc, and no fumitremorgin a was detected. the strains of no. c4104 and no. 3656 were inoculated onto 5 kg of rice media and incubated in a modified procedure. finally, 4.0 g of fumitremorgin b was obtained after extraction and purification by modified methods, and was confirmed by tlc, hplc, spectral an ...	1996	8721621
tools and trends in the detection of aspergillus fumigatus.		1995	8724248
fungal infections in neutropenic patients. a 8-year prospective study.	in this paper we report a eight-year prospective study designed to further characterize incidence, epidemiology, specific syndromes, treatment and prognosis associated with fungal infections in neutropenic patients. during the study period 30 fungal infections were diagnosed in 30 patients among 313 episodes of fever and neutropenia (10%). there were 15 cases of candidiasis, 5 pulmonary aspergillosis, 3 sinusitis by aspergillus fumigatus, 5 infections by fusarium sp., one infection by trichospor ...	1995	8729749
immunohistochemical detection of gm-csf, il-4 and il-5 in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf), interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 are important in tissue eosinophil accumulation and high ige production in allergic inflammatory reaction.	1996	8732244
inhibition of the alveolar macrophage oxidative burst by a diffusible component from the surface of the spores of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is a fungus that grows on dead and decaying organic matter in the environment and whose spores are present ubiquitously in the air. the fungus causes a range of diseases in the human lung. a study was undertaken to demonstrate and partially characterise an inhibitor of the macrophage respiratory burst from the surface of a fumigatus spores that could be an important factor in allowing the fungus to colonise the lung.	1996	8733491
[aspergillus fumigatus: from saprophytism to virulence. phenotypic and genotypic biodiversity].	during the last two decades, deep changes have arised in aspergillosis. thus, this fungal infection mainly due aspergillus fumigatus is becoming a serious public health-hazard in the growing population of immunocompromised patients. from literature and their own experience, the authors present a synthesis of phenomenons promoting this evolution: the host predisposing factors, environment and potential contamination sources, then the fungus itself. genetic research developed into the disease-caus ...	1996	8734331
murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following an earlier stage, noninvasive aspergillus infection.	aspergillus spp. occasionally cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following noninvasive infection in patients with underlying bronchopulmonary disorders regardless of their systemic immunological conditions. we developed a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following an earlier stage, noninvasive aspergillus infection. balb/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with agarose beads containing aspergillus fumigatus conidia. two weeks after inoculation, half of the mice were immuno ...	1996	8735094
the aspergillus fumigatus chsc and chsg genes encode class iii chitin synthases with different functions.	two genes, designated chsc and chsg were isolated from dna libraries of the opportunistic fungal pathogen, aspergillus fumigatus. the genes were characterized with respect to their nucleotide sequences and mutant phenotypes. the complete deduced amino acid sequences of chsc and chsg show that the products of both genes are class iii zymogen-type enzymes. a mutant strain constructed by disruption of chsc is phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild-type strain, but chsg- and chsc- chsg- stra ...	1996	8736545
[a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis accompanied with aspergillus meningitis].	a 53-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest pain and gait disturbance. examinations on admission showed that she was immunocompetent except the negative tuberculin test. the chest x-ray showed infiltrative shadows with old tuberculous lesions in the bilateral upper lung fields. in ct, a mass lesion was revealed in the lesion, which destructed the fifth thoracic vertebra and invaded into the epidural space. she died of meningitis on the 18th day after admission. on auto ...	1996	8741716
ex vivo effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human monocyte activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens.	the ex vivo effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) on antifungal and antibacterial activities of human elutriated monocytes were studied. cells were isolated prior to the initiation of therapy, on day 3 and at week 7, in six patients with an advanced malignancy receiving m-csf in a phase i study. superoxide anion production by monocytes in response to n-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine was enhanced at day 3 of therapy (p = 0.011). in addition, at day 3, fungicidal activity ...	1996	8742065
[morphofunctional description of protective cell reactions in aspergillosis].	pathomorphosis of aspergillosis was studied in 160 male guinea pigs which were given intraperitoneally a small dose (50000 conidia per 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) of aspergillus fumigatus. protective cell reactions under condition of a normal immune resistance are described. immunological and mycological methods allowed one to reveal a variability of morphological changes at early stages of aspergillosis and to follow the development of secondary immunodeficiency on the disease da ...	1995	8742184
[pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with disseminated processes in the lungs].	sera of 30 patients with disseminated processes in the lungs of various etiology were examined for the presence of specific igg to antigens of aspergillus fumigatus (a.f.) and candida albicans (c.a.) using solid phase enzyme immunoassay. elevated concentrations of igg to a. f. and c. a. were found in 6 and 12 patients, respectively. serodiagnosis was confirmed by a direct detection of the fungi in the bronchi (cytology of the lavage, culturing). it is highly probable that opportunistic fungi may ...	1996	8744115
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the transplant recipient].	the aim of the present was to study the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 20 cases of pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) diagnosed over the last 10 years in renal, renopancreatic, liver and bone marrow transplant recipients.	1996	8744368
ct manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis.	the clinical and radiologic manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis depend on the underlying status of the patients' lung parenchyma and the patients' immunologic response to the infecting agent, most commonly aspergillus fumigatus. thus, many different manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis have been described, with distinct clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics. aspergillomas (mycetomas) result from aspergillus colonization of preexisting lung cavities. allergic broncho ...	1996	8744521
molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna and m13 southern hybridization of related paired isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.	three forms of dna-based typing procedures for aspergillus fumigatus isolates have been developed over the last five years. the procedures are random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) detection, and southern hybridizations with various repetitive sequence-based probes. using two of these procedures, we compared 16 selected isolates, grouped into eight pairs on the basis of epidemiology or previously assigned rflp types. rapd with four primer ...	1996	8748280
treatment of cerebral aspergillosis with itraconazole: do high doses improve the prognosis?	we describe a 72-year-old woman with chronic asthma who presented with cerebral abscesses due to aspergillus fumigatus after she received treatment with corticosteroids. therapy with high-dose itraconazole (800 mg/d for 5 months, followed by 400 mg/d for an additional 4.5 months) resulted in complete resolution of all lesions. serum concentrations of the drug ranged from 2 micrograms/ml to 30 micrograms/ml. review of 20 cases of cerebral aspergillosis that were treated with itraconazole revealed ...	1995	8749640
aspergillus fumigatus scleritis.	we report a case of scleritis caused by aspergillus fumigatus. the infection was successfully treated with antifungal drugs, cryotherapy and dura mater grafting. a 67-year-old man developed a scleral ulcer 2 months after suffering a trauma in his right eye caused by the branch of a tree. diagnosis was made after biopsy of a scleral nodule. scrapings showed hyphal fragments and cultures were positive for aspergillus fumigatus. although therapy with oral fluconazol and topical amphotericin b was b ...	1995	8751132
isolation of opportunistic fungi from bronchoalveolar lavage of compromised hosts in isfahan, iran.	in this study, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from 247 immunocompromised patients were investigated for the incidence of opportunistic fungi. in the direct examination and culture of the specimens, 5 (2.02%) of filamentous fungi and 55 (22.26%) yeasts were isolated and identified as follows: aspergillus fumigatus (2), a. terreus (1), a. nidulans (1), mucor sp. (1), candida albicans (29), c. glabrata (3), c. parapsilosis (1), trichosporon beigelii (1), candida sp. (13) and unknown yeasts ...	1996	8751826
[diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis in cases with cavity as sequela of tuberculosis].	non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is frequently seen in cases with cavity as sequela of tuberculosis. diagnosis of non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is not easy except for cases whose chest x-ray findings show a typical fungus ball. how to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis was studied in 21 patients who showed changes in the radiological findings of cavity as sequela of tuberculosis. we made sputum culture of aspergillus, measurement of precipitin antibody titer to aspergillus fumigatus and ...	1996	8753017
[infection of the orbits from the oromandibular surgery viewpoint].		1996	8755396
unusual cause of lethal pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	two patients admitted to two different medical wards of our institution following respiratory decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) were subsequently transferred to the same room of the medical intensive care unit (icu) and intubated. both patients developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and died soon after. because copd itself is rarely associated with lethal pulmonary aspergillosis, both cases were reviewed, and a retrospective investigation was conducted. both pati ...	1996	8756836
cell wall protein and glycoprotein constituents of aspergillus fumigatus that bind to polystyrene may be responsible for the cell surface hydrophobicity of the mycelium.	cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) of aspergillus fumigatus grown both in complex medium (yeast extract/peptone/dextrose; ypd) and minimal (vogel's n) medium was monitored by assessing attachment of polystyrene microspheres to the cell surface. it was found that mature mycelium was hydrophobic. treatment of intact mycelium with beta-mercaptoethanol (beta me) abolished binding of the microspheres to hyphal elements, and coating of the microspheres with beta me extracts from mycelium inhibited thei ...	1996	8757724
the cu,zn superoxide dismutases of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus terreus: purification and biochemical comparison with the aspergillus fumigatus cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	cu,zn superoxide dismutases (sods) have been purified to homogeneity from aspergillus flavus and a. niger, which are significant causative agents of aspergillosis, and from a. nidulans and a. terreus, which are much rarer causative agents of disease, using a combination of isoelectric focusing and gel filtration fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified enzymes have been compared with the previously described sod from the most important pathogen in the genus, a. fumigatus (m. d. holdom, r ...	1996	8757871
invasive aspergillosis of the larynx in aids.		1996	8758643
refractory pulmonary aspergillosis: compassionate trial with terbinafine.	the frequency of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is increasing due to the growing number of patients requiring steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies. conventional treatments are ineffective in some patients and side-effects are an important issue. the aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of terbinafine, a new allylamine antimycotic drug, in three immunocompetent patients affected by lower respiratory tract aspergillosis [one chronic empyema due to aspergillus fumi ...	1996	8763465
improved diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with gp66 (formerly antigen 7) of aspergillus fumigatus for specific ige detection.	in cystic fibrosis (cf) serologic tests assume increased significance for discriminating the symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) from those of bacterial infections. elevated specific ige is a sensitive indicator of abpa, but the high prevalence of patients with cf who have simple allergy to aspergillus fumigatus means that it lacks specificity.	1996	8765818
[diagnosis of abpa during a life-threatening asthma attack].	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a disease with the clinical signs of asthma. delay of the diagnosis can lead to fibrosis and respiratory failure. we report the case of a 20 year old man in whom diagnosis of abpa was made during a life-threatening asthma exacerbation.	1996	8766373
expression pattern of aspartic proteinase antigens in aspergilli.	sporulating colonies of aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, and a. niger were subjected to immunofluorescence using specific polyclonal antibodies against the aspergillopepsin pep (ec 3.4.23.18), a secretory aspartic proteinase produced by a. fumigatus. the proteinase antigen was found mainly in developing conidiophores of aspergilli, in submerged mycelia and on the tips of growing aerial mycelia. mature aerial hyphae and spores showed no immunofluorescence at all. sporulating conidiophores reveal ...	1996	8767001
[effect of zinc oxide on aspergillus species: a possible cause of local noninvasive aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus].	during the last years the appearance of radiopaque concrements in the maxillary sinus was reported. these could be identified as root-filling material for teeth of the upper jaw containing zinc oxide. this suggested that excess root-filling material containing zinc oxide in the maxillary sinus could favour the development of a local, non-invasive aspergillosis. therefore, we tested aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus, a. nidulans and a. niveus for the influence of zinc oxide. cza-pek-do ...	1996	8767264
[are there pathogenicity factors in fungi?].	since many years so-called pathogenicity or virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria have been studied intensively. whereas these factors are produced especially by obligate but also facultative pathogenic bacteria, their presence and function in pathogenic fungi is still a matter of debate. in this minireview we summarize some data about possible pathogenicity factors of cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. the production of adhesins, proteases and capsules contr ...	1996	8767271
[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf): clinical significance, diagnosis and therapy].	intermittent or long term treatment with antibiotics, progredient destruction of the lungs as well as dystrophy of individuals are predisposing factors for the colonization of the respiratory tract with aspergillus fumigatus in cf patients. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a significant problem in cf patients. it has been reported with an incidence of 10%. the diagnosis of abpa in patients with cf is difficult since it is common for both diseases to have several of the same clin ...	1996	8767272
[disseminated aspergillosis and mucormycosis. a case report].	this paper reports a simultaneous pulmonary infection due to aspergillus fumigatus and rhizomucor pusillus which evolved to disseminated aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a leukaemic and neutropenic 40-year-old woman. both fungi were cultured ante mortem from bronchial secretion. although high doses of intravenous amphotericin b were administered, the course of the infection was fatal. at autopsy, aspergilli were demonstrated by histology in lungs and brain, and zygomycetes were found to have in ...	1996	8767273
[invasive mold infections in the university clinics of leipzig in the period from 1992-1994].	invasive mould infection, e. g. aspergillosis in the first place, is a common infection in immunocompromised patients. the diagnosis of invasive mould infection is difficult in the absence of confirmation by tissue biopsy and histological studies. therefore, prevalence of invasive mould infections at the school of medicine of the leipzig university between 1992 and 1994 was investigated. the diagnosis of invasive mould infection was suspected on clinical, mycological, and radiological findings. ...	1996	8767281
prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and atopy in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.	underestimation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) prevalence in the cystic fibrosis (cf) population is suspected due to nonuniform diagnostic criteria, nonspecific signs and symptoms, assessment during asymptomatic intervals, and physician nonaggressiveness in making the diagnosis.	1996	8769507
comparison of the antimicrobial activity of deactivated human macrophages challenged with aspergillus fumigatus and listeria monocytogenes.	the anticonidial activity of human monocytes deactivated by cytokines interleukin (il)-4 and il-10 and the hormone dexamethasone was studied and compared with antilisterial activity. dexamethasone had the largest effect on the anticonidial activity and suppressed germination-inhibiting activity and elimination of ingested spores by macrophages more than the cytokines did. maximally active concentrations of il-10 had a similar but significantly smaller deactivating effect. il-4, in contrast to il ...	1996	8769631
carrier herbal medicine: an evaluation of the antimicrobial and anticancer activity in some frequently used remedies.	the antimicrobial properties of some traditional carrier herbal preparations were evaluated using an agar dilution method. pitch preparations were screened against known human pathogens: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus. the results indicated definite antimicrobial activity in the pitch preparations of picea glauca and pinus contorta and provide a starting point for pharmacognostic evaluation of these species. in addition ...	1996	8771456
expression of ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin in escherichia coli: purification and characterization.	restrictocin is a toxin produced by the fungus aspergillus restritus. the dna coding for restrictocin was isolated from the host by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a t7 promoter-based expression vector. the protein was overproduced in escherichia coli and remained insoluble in the cell in the form of inclusion bodies. recombinant restrictocin was purified in large amounts, by a simple denaturation-renaturation protocol involving a redox system, with typical yields of 45 mg/l of origina ...	1996	8774857
suppressive effects of aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrates on human alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	aspergillus spp., especially a. fumigatus (af) can colonize the airways and the lungs with localized underlying conditions and further invade the surrounding lung tissues, even in subjects without systemic predisposing factors, presumably by escaping the local host defences. to clarify the mechanisms of colonization and invasion of af, we investigated the in vitro effects of af culture filtrates (acfs) on the functions of human alveolar macrophages (ams), and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns). ...	1996	8777967
aspergillosis in immunocompromised paediatric patients: associations with building hygiene, design, and indoor air.	nosocomial aspergillosis is a well known complication of immunosuppression in cancer patients and those undergoing transplantation and has usually been associated with major building construction or demolition. an observational study is reported of the hospital environment associated with an outbreak of aspergillosis in a paediatric oncology ward.	1996	8779127
primary cutaneous aspergillosis in neonates: case report and review.	a premature neonate (gestational age, 26 weeks) with multiple prematurity-related problems developed primary cutaneous aspergillosis due to aspergillus fumigatus on the 30th day of life. the infection developed in an area that had been macerated by adhesive tape. during the infection, renovation of the hospital was in progress near the neonatal intensive care unit. the infection was cured with a short course of therapy with amphotericin b. five cases of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in neonate ...	1996	8783721
production of cytokines by alveolar and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by aspergillus fumigatus conidia or hyphae.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe, invasive infections in neutropenic hosts. lung clearance of a. fumigatus conidia seems to be mediated by phagocytic cells and oxygen radicals. it is not known if cytokines or nitrogen radicals are also involved. we tested for the production of tnf alpha, il-1 and nitric oxide (no) after stimulation of mouse macrophages with the fungus. we found that both cytokines, but not no, were produced in a dose-dependent manner duri ...	1996	8786471
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma prevent dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression of antifungal monocyte activity against aspergillus fumigatus hyphae.	treatment with corticosteroids is an important risk factor for development of invasive aspergillosis. we evaluated the effect of dexamethasone (dex) on superoxide anion (o2-) release and damage caused by elutriated human monocytes (ehm) on unopsonized hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus. in addition, we studied the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) on these functions of dex-treated ehm. treatment of ehm with concentrations of dex ra ...	1996	8786473
universal fungus-specific primer systems and group-specific hybridization oligonucleotides for 18s rdna.	we designed two primer systems that amplify a fragment of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit (18s rrna). a broadly reactive, yet fungus-specific, primer cocktail comprises two previously published primers, tr1 and tr2, which specifically amplify dermatophytes, and two newly designed primers, ca1 and af2, which specifically amplify candida and aspergillus respectively. this primer cocktail amplifies a dna fragment of approximately 578 basepairs (bp) in length (from position 838 to 14 ...	1996	8786753
efficacy of uk-109496, a new azole antifungal agent, in an experimental model of invasive aspergillosis.	the efficacy of uk-109496, a new azole antifungal agent, was evaluated in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. oral therapy with uk-109496 at a dosage of 10 or 15 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h was begun 24 h after a lethal or sublethal challenge, and results were compared with those for amphotericin b therapy and untreated controls. uk-109496 eliminated mortality and also reduced the tissue burden of aspergillus fumigatus 10- to 100-fold in liver a ...	1996	8787885
molecular epidemiology of apparent outbreak of invasive aspergillosis in a hematology ward.	during a 2-month period, five patients suffering from invasive infections caused by aspergillus flavus or aspergillus fumigatus were identified in the hematology department of the university hospital dijkzigt (rotterdam, the netherlands). to study the epidemiological aspects of invasive aspergillosis, strains from these patients and from the hospital environment, isolated during extensive microbiological screening, were subjected to genotyping. a novel dna extraction technique, involving freezin ...	1996	8789013
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of piper angustifolium.	the essential oil for piper angustifolium lam. was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms) technique. camphor and camphene were the main constituents. this oil exhibited bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities against trichophyton mentagrophytes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and escherichia coli.	1996	8792674
aspergillus laryngotracheobronchitis presenting as stridor in a patient with peripheral t cell lymphoma.	invasive aspergillosis is a serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. the case history is described of a 44 year old patient with peripheral t cell lymphoma who developed hoarseness and stridor after chemotherapy. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated repeatedly from the sputum. bronchoscopic examination showed symmetrical creamy-white exophytic lesions involving both vocal cords and the supraglottic area. there was diffuse tracheobronchitis with multiple raised cream-coloured ...	1996	8795683
immunoblotting patterns in the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma: antibody response to the 90kda aspergillus fumigatus antigen.	at present there are no accepted criteria to assess the usefulness of western blot assays for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma. an aspergillus fumigatus cytosolic fraction complex (cfc) composed of four proteins (p90, p60, p40, and p37) has been identified. the usefulness of western blotting with cfc antigens for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma was evaluated in 25 patients with well-established diagnoses and in 94 controls. the most consistently reactive antigen was p90 (92% of patients with ...	1996	8801087
aspergillus fumigatus peptides differentially express th1 and th2 cytokines.	relevant allergens from aspergillus fumigatus associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) have been cloned and expressed. the pathogenesis of abpa probably depends on specific cytokines and immunoglobulins secreted by lymphocytes on stimulation with different epitopes of those allergens. in the present study, we synthesized peptides of 12-16 amino acids from the sequence of asp fi and compared their immunological responses in four mice strains (balb/c, c57bl/6, akr, and cba). ...	1996	8801519
insights into specificity of cleavage and mechanism of cell entry from the crystal structure of the highly specific aspergillus ribotoxin, restrictocin.	restriction, a highly specific ribotoxin made by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in the 28s rna of eukaryotic ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. the sequence around this cleavage site is a binding site for elongation factors, and is conserved in all cytoplasmic ribosomes. the catalytic mechanism of restrictocin and the reasons for its high substrate specificity are unknown. no structure has been determined for any other member of the aspergillus ribo ...	1996	8805570
a review of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) occurs in 1-2% of patients with asthma and in 10% of patients with cystic fibrosis. we introduce the acronym "artepics" in this review article on abpa to facilitate its diagnosis: a: asthma; r: roentgenographic infiltrates; t: tests for aspergillus fumigatus (af) positive in the skin; e: eosinophilia; p: precipitating antibody to af; i: ige in serum elevated; c: central bronchiectasis; and s: serum specific ige-af and igg-af elevated (artepics).	1996	8807504
cloning and characterization of chsd, a chitin synthase-like gene of aspergillus fumigatus.	a chitin synthase-like gene (chsd) was isolated from an aspergillus fumigatus genomic dna library. comparisons with the predicted amino acid sequence from chsd reveals low but significant similarity to chitin synthases, to other n-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (nodc from rhizopus spp., hasa from streptococcus spp. and dg42 from vertebrates. a chsd- mutant strain constructed by gene disruption has a 20% reduction in total mycelial chitin content; however, no differences between the wild-type str ...	1996	8807804
expression of the cu,zn superoxide dismutase of aspergillus fumigatus as determined by immunochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy.	a polyclonal antibody against purified cu,zn superoxide dismutase (sod) from the pathogen aspergillus fumigatus was raised in a sheep. this antibody recognised purified a. fumigatus sod, together with a single band of 19 kda in a. fumigatus cytoplasmic antigen, by immunodevelopment of western blots. the polyclonal serum did not recognise either the manganese or iron containing forms of the enzyme; however, it was reactive against putative cu,zn sods in other members of the genus aspergillus. imm ...	1996	8809544
variation in virulence of aspergillus fumigatus strains in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	the diversity in virulence of different aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied in an experimental murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) and the results were correlated with possession of a putative molecular marker of virulence. seven strains from different patients with non-invasive or invasive aspergillosis and four environmental strains were typed by pcr with specific primers and scored as positive or negative, according to whether or not a 0.95-kb dna fragment was amplifi ...	1996	8810945
colorimetric susceptibility testing for aspergillus fumigatus: comparison of menadione-augmented 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide and alamar blue tests.	two colorimetric methods that use alamar blue or 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide (mtt) for assaying the in vitro activities of antifungal agents have been described. we report that both tests performed similarly when the antifungal activity of amphotericin b against candida albicans was determined. however, only the mtt test generated interpretable data when aspergillus fumigatus was used.	1996	8818910
effects of extracts of fiberglass insulations on the growth of aspergillus fumigatus and a. versicolor.	water extracts of thermal and acoustic fiberglass insulations used in the duct work of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (hvac) systems supported germination of conidia and growth of aspergillus versicolor (vuillemin) tiraboschi 1908-9 and aspergillus fumigatus fresenius 1863. urea, formaldehyde and unidentified organics were detected in the extracts. formaldehyde in concentrations similar to those found in the extracts restricted the growth of both species in enriched media. a. versicol ...	1995	8819828
treatment of experimental systemic mycoses with brl 49594a.	brl 49594a (brl) is a water soluble analogue of amphotericin b which has been developed as a polyene with efficacy similar to amphotericin b but with much reduced toxicity. brl was prepared in 5% glucose, and was used to treat mice experimentally infected with aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, or histoplasma capsulatum. in the models in which brl and amphotericin b were compared, brl was well tolerated but was less effective than a similar regimen of amphotericin b. however, the ab ...	1995	8821599
[chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with chronic pulmonary emphysema].	a 67-year-old man with pulmonary emphysema was admitted to the hospital because of left back pain. chest roentgenography revealed an infiltrate in the left upper lobe, with cavitation, mycetoma-like shadows were seen in the cavities about 3 weeks later, and a test for the precipitating antibody to aspergillus fumigatus was positive. chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (cnpa) was diagnosed, and fluconazole was given. a chest roentgenogram taken 4 weeks later showed resolution of both the ...	1995	8822006
spirotryprostatin b, a novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitor produced by aspergillus fumigatus.		1996	8823522
amphotericin b-associated hypertension.	to report two cases of hypertension related to amphotericin b infusion.	1996	8826557
intervertebral disc space infection caused by aspergillus fumigatus.	the authors describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who suffered from an aspergillus fumigatus infection of the l2/3 intervertebral disc space unrelated to previous operations on her lumbar spine. after surgical debridement combined with amphotericin therapy she died on the 23rd postoperative day from a fulminant bacterial sepsis of pulmonary origin. although she had intermittently used steroids for bronchial asthma, this is an unusual case of fungal infection of the lumbar spine in an apparent ...	1996	8831127
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in lung allograft recipients.	following lung transplantation for end-stage cystic fibrosis, two male patients presented with shortness of breath, peripheral blood eosinophilia and segmental lung collapse. at bronchoscopy, each had bronchial mucous plugging containing aspergillus fumigatus. this finding was associated with a systemic eosinophilia and skin test positivity to aspergillus. augmented steroid therapy resulted in the successful resolution of the symptoms. we believe that these are the first reported cases of allerg ...	1996	8834350
exogenous lipoid pneumonia complicated by mycobacterium fortuitum and aspergillus fumigatus infections.	we report the case of a nonimmunocompromised female patient, who developed exogenous lipoid pneumonia with mycobacterium fortuitum infection at diagnosis, later followed by aspergillus fumigatus infection. the association of exogenous lipoid pneumonia with atypical mycobacterial infection is uncommon but well-recognized, but, to our knowledge, association with a. fumigatus infection has not previously been reported.	1996	8834351
experimental studies of the antitumor effect of tnp-470 on malignant brain tumors. antitumor effect of tnp-470 on a human medulloblastoma xenograft line.	it has been shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in pathological conditions including the growth of solid tumors. furthermore, it is thought that anti-angiogenic agents might be clinically useful for therapy of these diseases. tnp-470 (tnp), a synthetic analog of fumagillin isolated from aspergillus fumigatus, was used as an anti-angiogenic agent in this study in a nude mouse model with a subcutaneously implanted fragment of medulloblastoma. after treatment with this agent for 4 weeks ...	1996	8837073
itraconazole in the treatment of orbital aspergillosis.	sino-orbital aspergillosis is typically treated with surgical debridement and intravenous amphotericin b. some authors have advocated intraorbital irrigation or injection of amphotericin b in specific cases.	1996	8841307
orbital infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	opportunistic infections frequently involve the anterior and posterior segments of the eye but rarely occur in the orbit in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the authors managed eight patients with hiv and unilateral orbital infections who presented between july 1988 and march 1995.	1996	8841310
mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungals.	until the late eighties, clinical resistance to azole antifungals was a rare phenomenon. only a few cases of resistance to ketoconazole were found in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (cmc). the spread of aids and the widespread prophylactic and therapeutic use of the hydrophilic azole compound fluconazole resulted both in the selection and induction of resistant strains and in a shift in the nature of the infecting organisms. most azole antifungals such as itraconazole, ketoconazo ...	1995	8852341
laboratory implementation of a rapid three-stain technique for detection of microorganisms from lower respiratory specimens.	a rapid, cost-effective method for the evaluation of lower respiratory specimen has become increasingly important in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in immunocompromised patients. in the past, the technically demanding, time-consuming, and expensive gomori-methenamine-silver (gms) stain was the principal means for the evaluation of these specimens. in this study, we compared the gms stain with a new rapid, three-stain protocol for the evaluation of lower respiratory specimens. lower respirat ...	1996	8852363
primary lymph node invasive aspergillosis.	a case of apparently primary lymph node granulomatous aspergillosis is described. a review of the so-called primary aspergillosis cases since 1977 shows that granulomatous instead of exudative inflammation patterns have been observed in histological sections only when neither major nor minor predisposing factors have been detected in the clinical history of the patients. a possible pathogenetic role of selectively impaired cell-mediated immune response in these cases is hypothesized. flucytosine ...	1996	8852462
apolipoprotein b inhibits the hemolytic activity of asp-hemolysin from aspergillus fumigatus.	we investigated the effect of human blood plasma lipoproteins on the hemolytic activity of asp-hemolysin. apolipoprotein b (apob)-containing lipoproteins, such as low density lipoprotein (ldl) and very low density lipoprotein (vldl), inhibit the activity of this hemolytic toxin. when asp-hemolysin (15 mu g) was incubated with 100 mu g ldl (as protein), the hemolytic activity was inhibited by 90%. when 20 mu g apob was added, the hemolytic activity was almost completely inhibited. furthermore, si ...	1996	8860955
administering itraconazole via nasogastric tube.		1996	8862212
a comparative study of the broth micro- and macro-dilution techniques for the determination of the in vitro susceptibility of aspergillus fumigatus.	the effects of inoculum size, medium, temperature, and duration of growth on the in vitro susceptibility testing of aspergillus fumigatus were investigated using broth micro- and macro-dilution techniques. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin b were significantly influenced by the inoculum size, regardless of the techniques used. two- to four-fold higher mic values were obtained when the inoculum size was increased ...	1996	8864219
one-stage surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma with cavernostomy and muscle transposition flap: a case report.	a 47-year-old female with cough and recurrent haemoptysis was admitted to ratchaburi hospital. chest x-ray revealed a fungal ball in rul. aspergillus fumigatus was diagnosed by fungus culture from the material of the fungus ball. a one-stage cavernostomy was done and the fungus ball was then removed, obliteration of the cavity with intrathoracic transposition of extrathoracic skeletal muscle (latissimus dorsi) was performed. she recovered well, and haemoptysis disappeared. the body weight increa ...	1995	8868015
pulmonary eosinophilia.	the pulmonary eosinophilias are a diverse group of disorders characterised by pulmonary infiltrates, rich in eosinophils usually associated with a peripheral blood eosinophilia. known causes of pulmonary eosinophilia include fungi--in particular aspergillus fumigatus, parasites, toxins and drugs. pulmonary eosinophilias of unknown cause include löffler's syndrome, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, the hypereosinophilic syndrome, bronchocentric granulomatosis and pulmonary eosinophilia as ...	1996	8872069
exacerbation of invasive aspergillosis by the immunosuppressive fungal metabolite, gliotoxin.	invasive aspergillosis is a significant cause of death in immunocompromised individuals. the majority of strains of the main causative agent, aspergillus fumigatus, produce gliotoxin, a secondary metabolite with demonstrated in vitro immunosuppressive activity. pretreatment of normally resistant mice with a single injection of a sublethal dose of gliotoxin was sufficient to make them susceptible to infection and subsequent death, after challenge with a. fumigatus spores. animals infected with th ...	1996	8872181
liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) reduces dissemination of infection as compared with amphotericin b deoxycholate (fungizone) in a rate model of pulmonary aspergillosis.	the efficacy of ambisome, a liposomal formulation of amphotericin b, was compared with that of fungizone (amphotericin b desoxycholate), in a rat model of unilateral, pulmonary aspergillosis. repeated administration of cyclophosphamide resulted in persistent, severe granulocytopenia. the left lung was inoculated with a conidial suspension of aspergillus fumigatus, thus establishing an unilateral infection. antifungal treatment was started 40 h after fungal inoculation, at which time mycelial dis ...	1996	8877535
fatal aspergillus pericarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1996	8880257
pcr detection of dna specific for aspergillus species in serum of patients with invasive aspergillosis.	we investigated the possible presence of dna specific for aspergillus species in serum samples of patients with invasive aspergillosis (ia) by the nested pcr method. fourteen strains of fungi including 5 strains of aspergillus species and 10 strains of common bacteria were used for examination of specificity and sensitivity of the nested pcr. two sets of oligonucleotide primers were derived from the sequence of the variable regions v7 to v9 of the 18s rrna genes of aspergillus fumigatus. the spe ...	1996	8880501
multicentric epidemiological study of aspergillus fumigatus isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.	the genotypes of 63 isolates of aspergillus fumigatus obtained from three hospitals in different geographical areas and of eight culture collection strains were determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. twelve of the 17 enzymatic loci studied were polymorphic, giving rise to 48 different electrophoretic types. the existence of fixed multilocus genotypes, significant heterozygote deficits and excesses at the different loci, and linkage disequilibria within subpopulations strongly suggests ...	1996	8880520
genotypic characterization of sequential aspergillus fumigatus isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis.	twenty-three sequential aspergillus fumigatus sputum isolates, which had been collected over a period of 2 years, from two patients with cystic fibrosis were genotyped by random amplified polymorphic dna pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. in patient b, one genotype was predominantly present in the sputum samples, while in the other patient up to nine different genotypes were identified. this study suggests that different patterns of colonization with a.fumigatus exist in ...	1996	8880528
aspergillus wound infection following laparostomy.	wound infections with aspergillus are surprisingly rare given the quantity of spores in hospital air. we report the first case of infection of abdominal viscera due to aspergillus in a patient with a laparostomy for crohn's disease. amphotericin b effected a cure. sampling of air from the patient's environment yielded one isolated of aspergillus fumigatus that matched the patient's isolates. other examples of surgical wounds being contaminated by aspergillus are reviewed.	1996	8890000
in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of er-30346, a novel oral triazole with a broad antifungal spectrum.	er-30346 is a novel oral triazole with a broad spectrum of potent activity against a wide range of fungi. er-30346, with mics at which 90% of the strains tested are inhibited (mic90s) ranging from 0.025 to 0.78 microgram/ml, was 4 to 32 times more active than itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin b against candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, and candida glabrata. against candida tropicalis, er-30346, with an mic90 of 12.5 micrograms/ml, was 2 to > 8 times more active than itraconazole ...	1996	8891121
efficacy of er-30346, a novel oral triazole antifungal agent, in experimental models of aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis.	er-30346 is a novel oral triazole with a broad spectrum of potent activity against a wide range of fungi. in the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of oral er-30346 on experimental local infections caused by aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans and compared them with those of itraconazole and fluconazole. in experimental murine models of pulmonary aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis, er-30346 reduced the numbers of cfu in the lungs s ...	1996	8891122
development of a method for the identification, using the polymerase chain reaction, of aspergillus fumigatus isolated from ostriches.	to develop a method for identifying dna of aspergillus fumigatus from ostriches, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fumigatus is the principal causative agent of avian aspergillosis.	1996	8894006
keratinolytic activity of aspergillus fumigatus fresenius.	aspergillus fumigatus can utilize chicken feather keratin as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. because enzymatic conversion of native keratin into readily usable products is of economic interest, this fungus was studied for its capacity to produce and secrete keratin-hydrolyzing proteinases. substantial keratin-azure hydrolyzing activity was present in the culture fluid of keratin-containing media. considerably lower activity was present in cultures containing glucose and nitrate as the carbo ...	1996	8900102
a novel beta-(1-3)-glucanosyltransferase from the cell wall of aspergillus fumigatus.	cell wall transferases utilizing beta-(1-3)-glucan chains as substrates may play important roles in cell wall assembly and rearrangement, as beta-(1-3)-glucan is a major structural component of the cell wall of many fungi. a novel beta-(1-3)-glucanosyltransferase was purified to apparent homogenei ty from an autolysate of the cell wall of aspergillus fumigatus. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 49 kda and contained approximately 5 kda of n-linked carbohydrate. the enzyme catalyzed an initial en ...	1996	8900166
increased cytochrome p-450 activity in aspergillus fumigatus after xenobiotic exposure.	microsomal fractions were isolated from aspergillus fumigatus cultures that had been treated with dimethylsulphoxide (dmso), ethanol, benzopyrene, phenobarbital or naphthalene. all these xenobiotics increased microsomal cytochrome p-450 content. cytochrome p-450 reductase activity remained unaffected and no alteration in the microsomal protein profile was detectable by sds page. benzopyrene, dimethylaniline, hexobarbitol and p-nitroanisole were metabolised by a. fumigatus microsomes, while anili ...	1996	8912168
binding assay of low density lipoprotein to asp-hemolysin from aspergillus fumigatus.	binding activity of asp-hemolysin to low density lipoprotein (ldl) was measured. ldl binds to asp-hemolysin with an affinity as high as the ldl receptor. the apparent kd, determined by scatchard plot analysis, was 8.9 x 10(-9) m [125i]ldl. asp-hemolysin is thus identified as a novel ldl-binding protein.	1996	8913518
bacteriology of necrotizing infections of soft tissues.	necrotizing infections of soft tissues (nist) are being attributed to a large variety of organisms, besides the originally described beta-haemolytic streptococcus. a detailed bacteriological study of these infections was thought worthwhile.	1996	8918382
inhibition of growth of fungi pathogenic to man by stenotrophomonas maltophilia.	ten strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested by a cross-streaking method for in-vitro inhibition of 10 strains of fungi known to infect man; these were candida krusei, c. keyfr, c. guillermondii, c. tropicalis, c. lusitaniae, c. parapsilosis, c. pseudotropicalis, c. albicans, c. glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus. significant inhibition of fungal growth was observed with all 10 strains of s. maltophilia, but not with escherichia coli nctc 10418, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571 and hae ...	1996	8918956
effect of nitric oxide donors on survival of conidia, germination and growth of aspergillus fumigatus in vitro.	the effect of nitric oxide (no) donors on survival of conidia, germination and growth of the opportunistic pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus was investigated. most efficient was sodium nitrite in an acidic milieu (ph 4.5). at a concentration of 5 mmol/l it killed all resting conidia in buffer within 16 h. s-nitroso derivatives of thiols (cysteine, n-acetylcysteine and n-acetylpenicillamine) at the same concentration killed about 30-50% of spores within 24 h. the no scavenger, oxyhemoglobin ...	1995	8919928
caprine mastitis due to aspergillosis and zygomycosis: a pathological and immunohistochemical study.	of 73 goats on a dairy farm, 27 developed mycotic mastitis in the post-partum period. purulent mammary secretion, progressive induration of the affected glands, slight fever and weight loss were observed. as treatment produced no improvement within 2-3 weeks, all diseased animals were slaughtered. at post-mortem examination, widespread acute and chronic mycotic lesions were seen throughout the affected glands. infection was thought to have spread through the milk ducts as an ascending infection ...	1996	8920218
chitinase levels in guinea pig blood are increased after systemic infection with aspergillus fumigatus.	the presence of chitinase activity in human serum has recently been described by us. on that occasion we speculated on the possible role of mammalian chitinases as a defense mechanism against chitin-containing pathogens. the results of the present study substantiate our hypothesis. we demonstrate and partially characterize the chitinase activities that are present in plasma of guinea pigs and in homogenates of a.fumigatus with the aid of the substrates mu-[glcnac]2,3 and also with glycol [3h]chi ...	1996	8922958
[invasive aspergillosis: nosocomial origin of epidemics. review of the literature].	the growing incidence of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis is related with the development of new therapies and the presence of aspergillus spores in the patients'vicinity. earth moving, demolition or renovation works adjacent to or inside the hospital are undoubtfully implied in this process. potted plants and individual sachets of ground pepper distributed to patients are another significant source of aspergillus spores. the extrinsic and multiple causes of hospital contamination may explain t ...	1996	8925333
attenuated virulence of uridine-uracil auxotrophs of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus mutants that are deficient in the de novo ump biosynthesis pathway because of a mutation in the pyrg gene encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (and therefore auxotrophic for uridine or uracil) were evaluated in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis. these mutants were entirely nonpathogenic, and mutant conidia remained ungerminated in alveolar macrophages. both the germination and virulence defects could be restored by supplementing the drinking water of the ani ...	1996	8926121
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: serologic update for 1995.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a complex disease occurring in 1-2% of patients with asthma involving hypersensitivity to aspergillus species. the diagnosis is made correlating clinical history and supporting serologic tests. over many years various serologic tests have been used to both diagnose and follow disease activity. initial serology from patients with all four positive tests (total serum ige, ige and igg antibody indices, serum precipitins to aspergillus fumigatus) wer ...	1995	8926621
research on antifungal and antimycobacterial agents. synthesis and activity of 4-alkylthiopyridine-2-carbothioamides.	a series of 4-alkylthiopyridine-2-carbothioamides have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. chemical structures have been demonstrated by ir and 1h nmr data and by elemental analysis. the antimycobacterial activity of these compounds against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium fortuitum, and the antifungal activity against candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida glabrata, trichosporon beigeli ...	1996	8933745