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relative quantification of phosphoproteomic changes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves in response to abscisic acid.in a previous transcriptomic analysis, abscisic acid (aba) was found to affect the abundance of a number of transcripts in leaves of cabernet sauvignon grapevines with roots that had been exposed to 10 μm aba for 2 h. other work has indicated that aba affects protein abundance and protein phosphorylation as well. in this study we investigated changes in protein abundance and phosphorylation of cabernet sauvignon grapevine leaves. protein abundance was assessed by both label-free and isobaric-lab ...201627366326
grapevine (vitis vinifera) crown galls host distinct microbiota.crown gall disease of grapevine is caused by virulent agrobacterium strains and establishes a suitable habitat for agrobacteria and, potentially, other bacteria. the microbial community associated with grapevine plants has not been investigated with respect to this disease, which frequently results in monetary losses. this study compares the endophytic microbiota of organs from grapevine plants with or without crown gall disease and the surrounding vineyard soil over the growing seasons of 1 yea ...201627371584
selection of grapevine leaf varieties for culinary process based on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties.grapevine leaves are an abundant sub-product of vineyards which is devalued in many regions. the objective of this work is to study the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of ten grapevine leaf varieties (four red varieties: tinta amarela, tinta roriz, touriga franca, and touriga nacional; and six white varieties: côdega do larinho, fernão pires, gouveio, malvasia fina, rabigato, and viosinho) to select varieties to be used as food ingredients. white grapevine leaves revealed high ...201627374535
use of response surface methodology for the assessment of changes in the volatile composition of moscato bianco (vitis vinifera l.) grape berries during ripening.the changes in the volatile composition of moscato bianco grapes were evaluated during ripening. grape berries were sampled for five weeks (16-20 °brix) and sorted for each date in ten density classes (1.05-1.12g/cm(3)). the highest total concentration of free terpenes was found at 19.3 °brix; however, total concentration of the bound fraction increased significantly throughout ripening. response surface methodology was used to assess the simultaneous effect of sampling time and berry density on ...201627374570
preparative separation of grape skin polyphenols by high-speed counter-current chromatography.to develop an efficient method for large preparation of various individual polyphenols from white grape skins (fernão pires; vitis vinifera) by preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) and preparative-hplc, an optimized preparative hsccc condition with two-phase solvent system composed of hex-etoac-h2o (1:50:50, v/v) was used to separate grape skin polyphenols into various fractions. both the tail-head and head-tail elution modes were used with a flow rate of 3.0ml/min and a ...201627374588
field-grown grapevine berries use carotenoids and the associated xanthophyll cycles to acclimate to uv exposure differentially in high and low light (shade) conditions.light quantity and quality modulate grapevine development and influence berry metabolic processes. here we studied light as an information signal for developing and ripening grape berries. a vitis vinifera sauvignon blanc field experiment was used to identify the impacts of uvb on core metabolic processes in the berries under both high light (hl) and low light (ll) microclimates. the primary objective was therefore to identify uvb-specific responses on berry processes and metabolites and disting ...027375645
ecophysiological modeling of grapevine water stress in burgundy terroirs by a machine-learning approach.in a climate change scenario, successful modeling of the relationships between plant-soil-meteorology is crucial for a sustainable agricultural production, especially for perennial crops. grapevines (vitis vinifera l. cv chardonnay) located in eight experimental plots (burgundy, france) along a hillslope were monitored weekly for 3 years for leaf water potentials, both at predawn (ψpd) and at midday (ψstem). the water stress experienced by grapevine was modeled as a function of meteorological da ...201627375651
vitis vinifera l. cv pinot noir pomace and lees as potential sources of bioactive compounds.food and agricultural industries generate substantial quantities of phenolic-rich by-products that could be valuable natural sources of antioxidants. the aim of this study was to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities of two by-products (pomace and lees) from vitis vinifera l. cv pinot noir. we found a different distribution of phenolic classes (flavanols, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes) and singular scavenging activity against free radicals (hydr ...201627381473
a systems-oriented analysis of the grapevine r2r3-myb transcription factor family uncovers new insights into the regulation of stilbene accumulation.r2r3-myb transcription factors (tfs) belong to a large and functionally diverse protein superfamily in plants. in this study, we explore the evolution and function of this family in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), a high-value fruit crop. we identified and manually curated 134 genes using rna-seq data, and named them systematically according to the super-nomenclature committee. we identified novel genes, splicing variants and grapevine/woody-specific duplicated subgroups, suggesting possible neo- ...201627407139
synthesis of an artificial vitis vinifera mirna 319e using overlapping long primers and its application for gene silencing.the conserved mechanism of action of micro-rnas (mirnas) as regulators of gene expression has allowed the use of artificial mirnas (amirnas) as a powerful tool for candidate gene evaluation in plants. based on the use of a vitis vinifera mirna molecule (i.e., vvi-mir319e), the present work presents a new methodology for designing artificial mir319e precursors (pre-amir319e). as a proof of concept, we silenced the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants. th ...201627411902
immunolocalization of cell wall polymers in grapevine (vitis vinifera) internodes under nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur deficiency.the impact on cell wall (cw) of the deficiency in nitrogen (-n), phosphorus (-p) or sulphur (-s), known to impair essential metabolic pathways, was investigated in the economically important fruit species vitis vinifera l. using cuttings as an experimental model a reduction in total internode number and altered xylem shape was observed. under -n an increased internode length was also seen. cw composition, visualised after staining with calcofluor white, toluidine blue and ruthenium red, showed d ...201627417099
inter-varietal structural variation in grapevine genomes.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is one of the world's most important crop plants, which is of large economic value for fruit and wine production. there is much interest in identifying genomic variations and their functional effects on inter-varietal, phenotypic differences. using an approach developed for the analysis of human and mammalian genomes, which combines high-throughput sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative pcr, we created ...201627419916
ultrasonic sensing of plant water needs for agriculture.fresh water is a key natural resource for food production, sanitation and industrial uses and has a high environmental value. the largest water use worldwide (~70%) corresponds to irrigation in agriculture, where use of water is becoming essential to maintain productivity. efficient irrigation control largely depends on having access to reliable information about the actual plant water needs. therefore, fast, portable and non-invasive sensing techniques able to measure water requirements directl ...201627428968
isolation and identification of resveratrol-producing endophytes from wine grape cabernet sauvignon.obtain endophyte strains with effective resveratrol production from superior grapevine variety cabernet sauvignon in xinjiang and determine related taxonomic position of the strain.201627441148
near-complete genome sequence of grapevine fabavirus, a novel putative member of the genus fabavirus.a novel virus-like sequence from grapevine was identified by illumina sequencing. the genomic organization was most similar to that of members of the genus fabavirus polyproteins rna-1 and rna-2 of the virus tentatively named grapevine fabavirus (gfabv) shared 34 to 23% sequence identities with broad bean wilt virus 2 (bbwv2), respectively. gfabv was successfully graft transmitted to vitis vinifera cv. cabernet franc.201627445385
whole-metagenome-sequencing-based community profiles of vitis vinifera l. cv. corvina berries withered in two post-harvest conditions.vitis vinifera l. cv. corvina grape forms the basis for the production of unique wines, such as amarone, whose distinctive sensory features are strongly linked to the post-harvest grape withering process. indeed, this process increases sugar concentration and changes must characteristics. while microorganisms involved in must fermentation have been widely investigated, few data are available on the microbiota of withered grapes. thus, in this paper, a whole metagenome sequencing (wms) approach w ...201627445999
distribution of rotundone and possible translocation of related compounds amongst grapevine tissues in vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz.rotundone is an attractive wine aroma compound, especially important for cool climate shiraz. its presence in wine is mainly from the grape skin, but can also be found in non-grape tissues, such as leaves and stems. whether rotundone is produced independently within different grapevine tissues or transported amongst non-grape tissues and grape berries remains unclear. the current study investigated the distribution of this compound in different vine tissues during development and studied the mos ...201627446104
evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of raisins (vitis vinifera l.) in human gastric epithelial cells: a comparative study.raisins (vitis vinifera l.) are dried grapes largely consumed as important source of nutrients and polyphenols. several studies report health benefits of raisins, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level of the hydro-alcoholic extracts, which are mostly used for food supplements preparation, was not reported until now. the aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of five raisin extracts focusing on inte ...027447609
distribution of rare earth elements in soil and grape berries of vitis vinifera cv. "glera".the renowned vitis vinifera l. cultivar "glera" (magnoliopsida vitaceae) has been grown for hundreds of years in the italian regions of veneto and friuli to produce the sparkling prosecco wine, with controlled designation of origin (doc). we evaluated the relationship among the concentrations of rare earth elements (ree) in soil and in "glera" grape berries in vineyards belonging to five different localities in the veneto alluvial plain, all included in the doc area of prosecco. the concentratio ...201627447714
differences in respiration between dormant and non-dormant buds suggest the involvement of aba in the development of endodormancy in grapevines.grapevine buds (vitis vinifera l) enter endodormancy (ed) after perceiving the short-day (sd) photoperiod signal and undergo metabolic changes that allow them to survive the winter temperatures. in the present study, we observed an inverse relationship between the depth of ed and the respiration rate of grapevine buds. moreover, the respiration of dormant and non-dormant buds differed in response to temperature and glucose, two stimuli that normally increase respiration in plant tissues. while r ...201627448722
glyphosate impacts on polyphenolic composition in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) berries and wine.glyphosate is the most widespread herbicide for weed management, being extensively used in viticulture. in this study we tested, under field conditions, the effects of glyphosate applications on the quality of berry and wine, from cv. ancellotta (vitis vinifera l.), with particular regard to anthocyanin concentration and composition. ripening and growth were monitored by analyzing berry technological parameters and weight. additionally, microvinifications were performed, in order to analyze the ...201627451151
(1)h nmr foodomics reveals that the biodynamic and the organic cultivation managements produce different grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. sangiovese).the increasing demand for natural foods and beverages, i.e. prepared by excluding synthetic chemicals along the whole production chain, has boosted the adoption of organic and biodynamic cultivation methods which are based on protocols avoiding use of synthetic pesticides. this trend is striking in viticulture, since wine production is largely shaped by the varying drinking attitudes of environment-friendly consumers. using (1)h nmr, the compositions of grape berries, collected at harvest in 200 ...201627451171
antioxidative and prooxidative effects in food lipids and synergism with α-tocopherol of açaí seed extracts and grape rachis extracts.extracts of açaí seed and of grape rachis alone or in combination with α-tocopherol were evaluated as antioxidants in (i) bulk soybean oil, (ii) soybean oil liposomes and (iii) soybean-oil/water emulsions. the extracts made with 57% aqueous ethanol showed an antioxidant activity not dependent on concentration for grape rachis extracts and a concentration-dependent prooxidative activity for açaí seed extracts in bulk soybean oil. both the extracts, however, protected liposome suspensions and oil/ ...201627451202
colour evaluation, bioactive compound content, phenolic acid profiles and in vitro biological activity of passerina del frusinate white wines: influence of pre-fermentative skin contact times.passerina del frusinate is an autochthonous wine grape variety, which grows in the lazio region that is currently being evaluated by local wine producers. in this study, colour properties (cielab coordinates), bioactive compounds (total polyphenols and flavan-3-ols), hplc-dad phenolic acid profiles and in vitro biological activity of monovarietal passerina del frusinate white wines and the effect of different maceration times (0, 18 and 24 h) were evaluated based on these parameters. results hig ...201627455227
plasticity of the berry ripening program in a white grape variety.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is considered one of the most environmentally sensitive crops and is characterized by broad phenotypic plasticity, offering important advantages such as the large range of different wines that can be produced from the same cultivar, and the adaptation of existing cultivars to diverse growing regions. the uniqueness of berry quality traits reflects complex interactions between the grapevine plant and the combination of natural factors and human cultural practices whi ...201627462320
evaluation of anxiolytic-like activity of vitis vinifera juice in mice.scientific studies have shown that vitis vinifera (v. vinifera) contains flavonoids and stillbenoids. flavonoids are well known to possess anxiolytic activities. in view of the idea that flavonoids present in v. vinifera could be useful in anxiety, we evaluated anxiolytic-like activity of v. vinifera juice (vvj).201727462558
igdd: a database of intronless genes in dicots.intronless genes are a significant characteristic of prokaryotes. systematic identification and annotation are primary and crucial steps for determining the functions of intronless genes and understanding their occurrence in eukaryotes.201627465544
low temperature and short-term high-co2 treatment in postharvest storage of table grapes at two maturity stages: effects on transcriptome profiling.table grapes (vitis vinifera cv. cardinal) are highly perishable and their quality deteriorates during postharvest storage at low temperature mainly because of sensitivity to fungal decay and senescence of rachis. the application of a 3-day co2 treatment (20 kpa co2 + 20 kpa o2 + 60 kpa n2) at 0°c reduced total decay and retained fruit quality in early and late-harvested table grapes during postharvest storage. in order to study the transcriptional responsiveness of table grapes to low temperatu ...201627468290
identification of two novel powdery mildew resistance loci, ren6 and ren7, from the wild chinese grape species vitis piasezkii.grapevine powdery mildew erysiphe necator is a major fungal disease in all grape growing countries worldwide. breeding for resistance to this disease is crucial to avoid extensive fungicide applications that are costly, labor intensive and may have detrimental effects on the environment. in the past decade, chinese vitis species have attracted attention from grape breeders because of their strong resistance to powdery mildew and their lack of negative fruit quality attributes that are often pres ...201627473850
effects of a warming trend on cool climate viticulture in michigan, usa.historically, michigan's climate had mainly three challenges for grape production: growing season temperatures were too low, the growing season was too short and there was too much rain near harvest. however, climate change in the past decades has led to a vastly different landscape that is evolving to meet the new climate. recently, there has been a significant move from vitis labrusca (north american) grape plantings to vitis vinifera (wine grapes) as a consequence of michigan's shifting clima ...201627478736
polyphenol, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six different white and red wine grape processing leftovers.during winemaking, grape polyphenols are only partly extracted, and consequently unexploited. the main aim was to characterize the phenolic content of freeze-dried grape skin and seed (fdss) extracts obtained from slovenian and international grape varieties and to evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities.201627485794
leaf treatments with a protein-based resistance inducer partially modify phyllosphere microbial communities of grapevine.protein derivatives and carbohydrates can stimulate plant growth, increase stress tolerance, and activate plant defense mechanisms. however, these molecules can also act as a nutritional substrate for microbial communities living on the plant phyllosphere and possibly affect their biocontrol activity against pathogens. we investigated the mechanisms of action of a protein derivative (nutrient broth, nb) against grapevine downy mildew, specifically focusing on the effects of foliar treatments on ...201627486468
characterization of lipopeptides produced by bacillus licheniformis using liquid chromatography with accurate tandem mass spectrometry.the plant endophyte bacillus licheniformis, isolated from leaves of vitis vinifera, was studied to individuate and characterize the presence of bioactive lipopeptides having amino acidic structures.201627487987
expression of a grapevine nac transcription factor gene is induced in response to powdery mildew colonization in salicylic acid-independent manner.tissue colonization by grape powdery mildew (pm) pathogen erysiphe necator (schw.) burr triggers a major remodeling of the transcriptome in the susceptible grapevine vitis vinifera l. while changes in the expression of many genes bear the signature of salicylic acid (sa) mediated regulation, the breadth of pm-induced changes suggests the involvement of additional regulatory networks. to explore pm-associated gene regulation mediated by other sa-independent systems, we designed a microarray exper ...201627488171
effect of light exposure on linalool biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries.linalool is an important compound that contributes to the floral aroma in wines. this study showed the effect of light exposure on linalool accumulation in berries. the grape bunches were covered with films that block the full light spectrum (shade) and the uv spectrum (uv-block), and a transparent film (control). the linalool content was significantly higher in juice from control-covered berries than in juice from shade- and uv-block-covered berries, and the expression levels of the representat ...201627490943
vine nitrogen status and volatile thiols and their precursors from plot to transcriptome level.volatile thiols largely contribute to the organoleptic characteristics and typicity of sauvignon blanc wines. among this family of odorous compounds, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3sh) and 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4msp) have a major impact on wine flavor. these thiols are formed during alcoholic fermentation by the yeast from odorless, non-volatile precursors found in the berries and the must. the present study investigates the effects of vine nitrogen (n) status on 3sh and 4msp content in sauvi ...201627498539
are epiphytic microbial communities in the carposphere of ripening grape clusters (vitis vinifera l.) different between conventional, organic, and biodynamic grapes?using barcoded pyrosequencing fungal and bacterial communities associated with grape berry clusters (vitis vinifera l.) obtained from conventional, organic and biodynamic vineyard plots were investigated in two subsequent years at different stages during berry ripening. the four most abundant operational taxonomic units (otus) based on fungal its data were botrytis cinerea, cladosporium spp., aureobasidium pullulans and alternaria alternata which represented 57% and 47% of the total reads in 201 ...201627500633
investigation of anti-asthmatic potential of kanakasava in ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma and airway inflammation in rats.kanakasava is an indian traditional ayurvedic formulation containing datura (datura metel), vasaca (adhatoda vasica), dhataki (woodfordia fruticosa) and grape (vitis vinifera) extracts as major constituents and used to treat pulmonary diseases including coughing, breathing difficulty and asthma. the present study was designed to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of kanakasava against ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma and related airway inflammation in rats due to lack of evidence based ...201727502540
intraarticular ankaferd blood stopper application increases cartilagedegeneration: an experimental study.ankaferd blood stopper (abs) is a mixture of certain ratios of 5 different plant roots (thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica dioica). the aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological effects of abs on articular cartilage in vitro.201627511359
global transcriptional analysis suggests lasiodiplodia theobromae pathogenicity factors involved in modulation of grapevine defensive response.lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungus of the botryosphaeriaceae that causes grapevine vascular disease, especially in regions with hot climates. fungi in this group often remain latent within their host and become virulent under abiotic stress. transcriptional regulation analysis of l. theobromae exposed to heat stress (hs) was first carried out in vitro in the presence of grapevine wood (gw) to identify potential pathogenicity genes that were later evaluated for in planta expression.201627514986
genome-wide identification and characterization of the nf-y gene family in grape (vitis vinifera l.).nuclear factor y (nf-y) transcription factor is composed of three distinct subunits: nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc. many members of nf-y family have been reported to be key regulators in plant development, phytohormone signaling and drought tolerance. however, the function of the nf-y family is less known in grape (vitis vinifera l.).201627516172
methanolic seed extract of vitis vinifera ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and atpase dysfunction in infarcted and non-infarcted heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced male diabetic rats.we hypothesized that consumption of vitis vinifera seed by diabetics could help to ameliorate myocardial damage. therefore, in this study, we investigated effects of v. vinifera seed methanolic extract (vvsme) on parameters related to myocardial damage in diabetes with or without myocardial infarction (mi).201627522389
[genetic diversity of vitis vinifera l. in azerbaijan].to examine the genetic diversity of vitis vinifera l., growing in the republic of azerbaijan in the region near the caspian sea, nuclear genomes of 31 cultivated and 34 wild grapevine accessions were studied at population and individual levels using five issr primers. in total, 51 fragments were amplified, of which 45 were found to be polymorphic. a high level of polymorphism was revealed (the mean ppf and pic values constituted 87.69% and 0.94, respectively). high values of the emr, mi, and rp ...201627529978
differential roles for vvigst1, vvigst3, and vvigst4 in proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin transport in vitis vinífera.in plant cells, flavonoids are synthesized in the cytosol and then are transported and accumulated in the vacuole. glutathione s-transferase-mediated transport has been proposed as a mechanism involved in flavonoid transport, however, whether binding of flavonoids to glutathione s-transferase (gst) or their transport is glutathione-dependent is not well understood. glutathione s-transferases from vitis vinífera (vvigsts) have been associated with the transport of anthocyanins, however, their abi ...201627536314
investigation of anti-asthmatic potential of dried fruits of vitis vinifera l. in animal model of bronchial asthma.fruits of vitis vinifera l., commonly known as grapes, are largely consumed worldwide because of their high nutritional and medicinal benefits.027536321
phenolic composition, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of interspecific hybrids of grapes growing in poland.the study evaluated fruit quality parameters and chemical properties (soluble solids, ph, total acidity and total sugars content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (abts, frap and orac methods)) of 30 grape cultivars of white, red and pink grape, as 28 interspecific hybrids and 2 vitis vinifera l. popularly grown in poland. some of them were analyzed for the first time. a total of 49 polyphenolic compounds were identified by lc-pda-qtof/ms and quantified by uplc-pda-fl, as 26 anthocyan ...201727542475
the photomorphogenic factors uv-b receptor 1, elongated hypocotyl 5, and hy5 homologue are part of the uv-b signalling pathway in grapevine and mediate flavonol accumulation in response to the environment.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is a species well known for its adaptation to radiation. however, photomorphogenic factors related to uv-b responses have not been molecularly characterized. we cloned and studied the role of uv-b receptor (uvr1), elongated hypocotyl 5 (hy5), and hy5 homologue (hyh) from v. vinifera we performed gene functional characterizations, generated co-expression networks, and tested them in different environmental conditions. these genes complemented the arabidopsis uvr8 and ...027543604
comparison data of common and abundant terpenes at different grape development stages in shiraz wine grapes.terpenoids were extracted from grape vine bunches during plant development and analysed by gc-msd. the grapevines analysed were from a commercial harvest of vitis vinifera cv. shiraz. the terpenoids were analysed from 4 weeks post flowering (wpf) to harvest in one season. the data are presented with the structure of the compound and aroma profile and semi-quantified. the sub-class of sesquiterpenes was given special attention, and this data set describes the first analysis of these compounds dur ...201627547791
gene cloning, expression and enzyme activity of vitis vinifera vacuolar processing enzymes (vvvpes).vacuolar processing enzymes (vpes) have received considerable attention due to their caspase-1-like activity and ability to regulate programmed cell death (pcd), which plays an essential role in the development of stenospermocarpic seedless grapes ovules. to characterize vpes and the relationship between stenospermocarpic grapes and the vpe gene family, we identified 3 vitis vinifera vpe genes (vvβvpe, vvγvpe, and vvδvpe) from the pn40024 grape genome and cloned the full-length complementary dna ...201627551866
a grapevine cytochrome p450 generates the precursor of wine lactone, a key odorant in wine.monoterpenes are important constituents of the aromas of food and beverages, including wine. among monoterpenes in wines, wine lactone has the most potent odor. it was proposed to form via acid-catalyzed cyclization of (e)-8-carboxylinalool during wine maturation. it only reaches very low concentrations in wine but its extremely low odor detection threshold makes it an important aroma compound. using lc-ms/ms, we show here that the (e)-8-carboxylinalool content in wines correlates with their win ...201727560385
homologous and heterologous expression of grapevine e-(β)-caryophyllene synthase (vvgwecar2).e-(β)-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene volatile emitted by plants and involved in many ecological interactions within and among trophic levels and it has a kairomonal activity for many insect species. in grapevine it is a key compound for host-plant recognition by the european grapevine moth, lobesia botrana, together with other two sesquiterpenes. in grapevine e-(β)-caryophyllene synthase is coded by the vvgwecar2 gene, although complete characterization of the corresponding protein has not yet ...201627561253
crispr/cas9-mediated efficient targeted mutagenesis in chardonnay (vitis vinifera l.).the type ii clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr-associated protein 9 system (crispr/cas9) has been successfully applied to edit target genes in multiple plant species. however, it remains unknown whether this system can be used for genome editing in grape. in this study, we described genome editing and targeted gene mutation in 'chardonnay' suspension cells and plants via the crispr/cas9 system. two single guide rnas (sgrnas) were designed to target distinct sites of ...201627576893
transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis of the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway in an endophytic fungus (alternaria sp. mg1) isolated from vitis vinifera.alternaria sp. mg1, an endophytic fungus previously isolated from merlot grape, produces resveratrol from glucose, showing similar metabolic flux to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, currently found solely in plants. in order to identify the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway in this strain at the gene level, de novo transcriptome sequencing was conducted using illumina paired-end sequencing. a total of 22,954,434 high-quality reads were assembled into contigs and 18,570 unigenes were iden ...201627588016
a novel population of fusarium fujikuroi isolated from southeastern u.s. winegrapes reveals the need to re-evaluate the species' fumonisin production.mycotoxins pose a challenge to a safe food supply worldwide, and their threat is expected to worsen with our changing climate. the need for diligence is exemplified by the discovery of fumonisin b2 in wine, which joins ochratoxin a as a mycotoxin of concern in the grape-wine chain. to elucidate the mycotoxin risk in southeastern american wine, grape samples were collected from vineyards during harvest in 2013 and potentially mycotoxigenic fungi (fusarium and aspergillus) were isolated from the s ...201627589800
exploring the genetic variability in water use efficiency: evaluation of inter and intra cultivar genetic diversity in grapevines.genetic improvement of crop water use efficiency (wue) is a general goal because the increasing water scarcity and the trend to a more sustainable agriculture. for grapevines, this subject is relevant and need an urgent response because their wide distribution in semi-arid areas. new cultivars are difficult to introduce in viticulture due to the narrow dependency of consumer appreciation often linked to a certain particular wine taste. clones of reputed cultivars would presumably be more accepte ...201627593461
flowers regulate the growth and vascular development of the inflorescence rachis in vitis vinifera l.the rachis, the structural framework of the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) inflorescence (and subsequent bunch), consists of a main axis and one or more orders of lateral branches with the flower-bearing pedicels at their fine tips. the rachis is crucial both for support, and transport from the shoot. earlier suggestions that the flowers per se affect normal rachis development are investigated further in this study. different percentages (0, 25, 50, 75 or 100) of flowers were removed manually one ...201627596018
high resolution melting (hrm) applied to wine authenticity.wine authenticity methods are in increasing demand mainly in denomination of origin designations. the dna-based methodologies are a reliable means of tracking food/wine varietal composition. the main aim of this work was the study of high resolution melting (hrm) application as a screening method for must and wine authenticity. three sample types (leaf, must and wine) were used to validate the three developed hrm assays (vv1-705bp; vv2-375bp; and vv3-119bp). the vv1 hrm assay was only successful ...201727596395
partitioning of vessel resistivity in three liana species.vessels with simple perforation plates, found in the majority of angiosperms, are considered the evolutionarily most advanced conduits, least impeding the xylem sap flow. nevertheless, when measured, their hydraulic resistivity (r, i.e., inverse value of hydraulic conductivity) is significantly higher than resistivity predicted using hagen-poiseuille equation (rhp). in our study we aimed (i) to quantify two basic components of the total vessel resistivity - vessel lumen resistivity and end wall ...201627609805
transcriptome analyses of the dof-like gene family in grapevine reveal its involvement in berry, flower and seed development.the dof (dna-binding with one finger) protein family spans a group of plant transcription factors involved in the regulation of several functions, such as plant responses to stress, hormones and light, phytochrome signaling and seed germination. here we describe the dof-like gene family in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), which consists of 25 genes coding for dof. an extensive in silico characterization of the vvidofl gene family was performed. additionally, the expression of the entire gene famil ...201627610237
function analysis of caffeoyl-coa o-methyltransferase for biosynthesis of lignin and phenolic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza.in this study, we cloned a full-length cdna and the genomic dna sequence of smccoaomt (genbank id jq007585) from salvia miltiorrhiza. the 744-bp open-reading frame encodes a protein of 247 amino acids that shares 95 % similarity with one in vitis vinifera. real-time quantitative pcr analysis revealed that smccoaomt is most highly expressed in the stems and can be induced by methyl jasmonate (meja) and xc-1 treatment. to evaluate its function in vivo, we generated rna interference transgenic plan ...201727613617
evidence for hydraulic vulnerability segmentation and lack of xylem refilling under tension.the vascular system of grapevine (vitis spp.) has been reported as being highly vulnerable, even though grapevine regularly experiences seasonal drought. consequently, stomata would remain open below water potentials that would generate a high loss of stem hydraulic conductivity via xylem embolism. this situation would necessitate daily cycles of embolism repair to restore hydraulic function. however, a more parsimonious explanation is that some hydraulic techniques are prone to artifacts in spe ...201627613852
colaspis caligula, a new species found in association with vitis vinifera (l.) crops in argentina (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).some species of colaspis fabricius are well-known pests of several crops in argentina. in this contribution, we describe a new species within this genus: colaspis caligula n. sp., found in association with vitis vinifera (linnaeus) crops. we provide descriptions and illustrations of the mature larva, pupa and adult, as well as notes on its diagnostic characters, life cycle, and the damages produced to the plants.201627615925
retention of proanthocyanidin in wine-like solution is conferred by a dynamic interaction between soluble and insoluble grape cell wall components.for better understanding of the factors that impact proanthocyanidin (pa) adsorption by insoluble cell walls or interaction with soluble cell wall-derived components, application of a commercial polygalacturonase enzyme preparation was investigated to modify grape cell wall structure. soluble and insoluble cell wall material was isolated from the skin and mesocarp components of vitis vinifera shiraz grapes. it was observed that significant depolymerization of the insoluble grape cell wall occurr ...201627616021
arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis stimulates key genes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and stilbenoid production in grapevine leaves in response to downy mildew and grey mould infection.grapevine (vitis spp) is susceptible to serious fungal diseases usually controlled by chemical treatments. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are obligate plant symbionts which can stimulate plant defences. we investigated the effect of mycorrhization on grapevine stilbenoid defences. vitis vinifera cvs chasselas, pinot noir and the interspecific hybrid divico, on the rootstock 41b, were mycorrhized with rhizophagus irregularis before leaf infection by plasmopara viticola or botrytis cinerea. ge ...201627623505
transcriptomic and metabolomic networks in the grape berry illustrate that it takes more than flavonoids to fight against ultraviolet radiation.plants are constantly challenged by environmental fluctuations. in response, they have developed a wide range of morphological and biochemical adaptations committed to ameliorate the effects of abiotic stress. when exposed to higher solar radiation levels, plants activate the synthesis of a large set of enzymes and secondary metabolites as part of a complex sunscreen and antioxidant defense mechanism. grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) has become a widely used system for studying adaptive responses t ...201627625679
malbec grape (vitis vinifera l.) responses to the environment: berry phenolics as influenced by solar uv-b, water deficit and sprayed abscisic acid.high-altitude vineyards receive elevated solar ultraviolet-b (uv-b) levels so producing high quality berries for winemaking because of induction in the synthesis of phenolic compounds. water deficit (d) after veraison, is a commonly used tool to regulate berry polyphenols concentration in red wine cultivars. abscisic acid (aba) plays a crucial role in the acclimation to environmental factors/signals (including uv-b and d). the aim of the present study was to evaluate independent and interactive ...201627642694
response of wine grape growth, development and the transfer of copper, lead, and cadmium in soil-fruit system to sludge compost amendment.sludge is an organic waste after domestic sewage being treated and contains phytonutrients and organic matter. in this study, recycling of sludge compost (sc) and its compound fertilizer (scf) to wine grape resulted in improvement in vegetative growth, reproductive development of wine grape, and potential wine quality of grape fruit. the amounts of cu, pb, and cd in grape fruit were significantly higher in response to sludge amendment than in the control, but were all below the permissible limit ...201627646451
the molecular characterization by ssrs reveals a new south italian kinship and the origin of the cultivar uva di troia.vitis vinifera l. varieties were spread through cuttings following historic migrations of people, trades, or after biological crises due to pests outbreaks. some today's varieties could be more than a 1000 years old and, although over the centuries these varieties generated most of the remaining cultivars, their origin could be impossible to track back. the italian grapevine biodiversity is one of most important, most likely due to its strategic position in the middle of the mediterranean sea. u ...201627652135
fungal endophytes as a metabolic fine-tuning regulator for wine grape.endophytes proved to exert multiple effects on host plants, including growth promotion, stress resistance. however, whether endophytes have a role in metabolites shaping of grape has not been fully understood. eight endophytic fungal strains which originally isolated from grapevines were re-inoculated to field-grown grapevines in this study, and their effects on both leaves and berries of grapevines at maturity stage were assessed, with special focused on secondary metabolites and antioxidant ac ...201727656886
differing alterations of two esca associated fungi, phaeoacremonium aleophilum and phaeomoniella chlamydospora on transcriptomic level, to co-cultured vitis vinifera l. calli.the filamentous fungi phaeoacremonium aleophilum (p.al, teleomorph: togninia minima) and phaeomoniella chlamydospora (p.ch) are believed to be causal agents of wood symptoms associated with the esca associated young vine decline. the occurrence of these diseases is dramatically increasing in vineyards all over the world whereas efficient therapeutic strategies are lacking. both fungi occupy the same ecological niche within the grapevine trunk. we found them predominantly within the xylem vessels ...201727658052
genomewide analysis of the lateral organ boundaries domain gene family in vitis vinifera.in plants, the transcription factor families have been implicated in many important biological processes. these processes include morphogenesis, signal transduction and environmental stress responses. proteins containing the lateral organ boundaries domain (lbd), which encodes a zinc finger-like domain are only found in plants. this finding indicates that this unique gene family regulates only plant-specific biological processes. lbd genes play crucial roles in the growth and development of plan ...201627659322
extracellular vesicles in food: experimental evidence of their secretion in grape fruits.in the last decade, the number of studies related with extracellular vesicles (evs) has dramatically grown since their role as key part of intercellular communication has been confirmed. evs, as transporter of distinct bioactive molecules, can take part in different physiological mechanisms and have been gaining attention as potential tools with a wide range of therapeutic effects. whereas a high number of studies have been published related to mammalian derived evs, including products as food s ...027664331
accumulation of guaiacol glycoconjugates in fruit, leaves and shoots of vitis vinifera cv. monastrell following foliar applications of guaiacol or oak extract to grapevines.previous studies have shown that volatile compounds present within a vineyard during the growing season can be absorbed by grapevines, assimilated within grapes, and then released during fermentation to influence the final aroma of wine. for example, the accumulation of volatile phenols in glycoconjugate forms following grapevine exposure to bushfire smoke, and their subsequent release during winemaking. this study investigated the accumulation of guaiacol glycoconjugates in the fruit, shoots an ...201727664698
screening and modes of action of antagonistic bacteria to control the fungal pathogen phaeomoniella chlamydospora involved in grapevine trunk diseases.the antagonistic activity of 46 bacterial strains isolated from bordeaux vineyards were evaluated against phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a major grapevine pathogen involved in esca. the reduction of the necrosis length of stem cuttings ranged between 31.4% and 38.7% for the 8 most efficient strains. two in planta trials allowed the selection of the two best strains, bacillus pumilus (s32) and paenibacillus sp. (s19). their efficacy was not dependent on application method; co-inoculation, preventio ...201627664735
vacuum infiltration-centrifugation method for apoplastic protein extraction in grapevine.the apoplastic fluid moving in the extracellular space external to the plasma membrane provides a means of delivering molecules and facilitates intercellular communications. however, the apoplastic fluid extraction from in planta systems remains challenging and this is particularly true for grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), a worldwide-cultivated fruit plant. here, we describe an optimized vacuum-infiltration-centrifugation method to extract soluble proteins from apoplastic fluid of grapevine leave ...201627665564
global analysis of type three secretion system and quorum sensing inhibition of pseudomonas savastanoi by polyphenols extracts from vegetable residues.protection of plants against bacterial diseases still mainly relies on the use of chemical pesticides, which in europe correspond essentially to copper-based compounds. however, recently plant diseases control is oriented towards a rational use of molecules and extracts, generally with natural origin, with lower intrinsic toxicity and a reduced negative environmental impact. in this work, polyphenolic extracts from vegetable no food/feed residues of typical mediterranean crops, as olea europaea, ...201627668874
description of a novel monopartite geminivirus and its defective subviral genome in grapevine.a novel virus was detected in grapevines by illumina sequencing during the screening of two table grape (vitis vinifera) accessions, cultivars black beet and nagano purple, from south korea. the monopartite circular ssdna genome sequence was subsequently confirmed by rolling cycle amplification, cloning and sanger sequencing. the complete viral genomic sequence from both accessions ranged from 2,903 to 2,907 nucleotides in length and contained the conserved nonanucleotide sequence taatatt↓ac and ...201727670772
engineering of a microbial coculture of escherichia coli strains for the biosynthesis of resveratrol.resveratrol is a plant natural product with many health-protecting effects which makes it an attractive chemical both for academic studies and industrial purposes. however, the low quantities naturally produced by plants as well as the unsustainable procedures of extraction, purification and concentration have prompted many biotechnological approaches to produce this chemical in large quantities from renewable sources. none of these approaches have considered a microbial coculture strategy to pr ...201627680538
flavonoid interaction with a chitinase from grape berry skin: protein identification and modulation of the enzymatic activity.in the present study, an antibody raised against a peptide sequence of rat bilitranslocase (anti-peptide ab) was tested on microsomal proteins obtained from red grape berry skin. previously, this antibody had demonstrated to recognize plant membrane proteins associated with flavonoid binding and transport. immuno-proteomic assays identified a number of proteins reacting with this particular antibody, suggesting that the flavonoid binding and interaction may be extended not only to carriers of th ...201627689984
an infrared diagnostic system to detect causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases.in most vineyards worldwide, agents of grapevine trunk diseases represent a real threat for viticulture and are responsible for significant economic loss to the wine industry. the conventional microbiological isolation technique used to diagnose this disease is tedious and frequently leads to false negatives. thus, a dire need exists for an alternative method to detect this disease. one possible way involves infrared spectroscopy, which is a rapid, nondestructive analytical tool that is commonly ...201627693907
design and validation of an str hexaplex assay for dna profiling of grapevine cultivars.although the analysis of length polymorphism at str loci has become a method of choice for grape cultivar identification, the standardization of methods for this purpose lags behind that of methods for dna profiling in human and animal forensic genetics. the aim of this study was thus to design and validate a grapevine str protocol with a practically useful level of multiplexing. using free bioinformatics tools, published primer sequences, and nucleotide databases, we constructed and optimized a ...201627696463
relationship of soluble grape-derived proteins to condensed tannin extractability during red wine fermentation.in red winemaking, the extractability of condensed tannins (ct) can vary considerably even under identical fermentation conditions, and several explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed. recent work has demonstrated that grape pathogenesis-related proteins (prps) may limit retention of ct added to finished wines, but their relevance to ct extractability has not been evaluated. in this work, vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrids (vitis ssp.) from both hot and cool climates were vinif ...201627696840
a stilbene synthase allele from a chinese wild grapevine confers resistance to powdery mildew by recruiting salicylic acid signalling for efficient defence.stilbenes are central phytoalexins in vitis, and induction of the key enzyme stilbene synthase (sts) is pivotal for disease resistance. here, we address the potential for breeding resistance using an sts allele isolated from chinese wild grapevine vitis pseudoreticulata (vpsts) by comparison with its homologue from vitis vinifera cv. 'carigane' (vvsts). although the coding regions of both alleles are very similar (>99% identity on the amino acid level), the promoter regions are significantly dif ...201627702992
liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry - tool for the study of polyphenol profile changes during micro-scale biogas digestion of grape marcs.a microscale discontinuous fermenter was used for anaerobic digestion of wine waste - a hardly gasifiable feedstock material. efficiency of biogas production, i.e. changes in content of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane in gas phase, was monitored by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry in combination with principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures was used to reveal main chemical differen ...201727710883
dietary supplement based on stilbenes: a focus on gut microbial metabolism by the in vitro simulator m-shime®.polyphenols and intestinal microbiota can influence each other, modifying metabolism and gut wellness. data on this mutual effect need to be improved. several studies on the biological activities of resveratrol and derivatives have been carried out, but the effects of a continuous administration of stilbenes on gut microbiota have not yet been investigated. this study evaluated the effects of an extract from vitis vinifera, containing a combination of t-resveratrol and ε-viniferin, on intestinal ...201627713962
the effect of sun-dried raisins (vitis vinifera l.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota.modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (sr) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. a full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. an increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in respo ...201627713974
expression of a grape (vitis vinifera) bzip transcription factor, vlbzip36, in arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance of drought stress during seed germination and seedling establishment.drought is one of the most serious factors that limit agricultural productivity and there is considerable interest in understanding the molecular bases of drought responses and their regulation. while numbers of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors (tfs) are known to play key roles in response of plants to various abiotic stresses, only a few group k bzip tfs have been functionally characterized in the context of stress signaling. in this study, we characterized the expression of th ...201627717468
characterization of neural network generalization in the determination of ph and anthocyanin content of wine grape in new vintages and varieties.the generalization ability of hyperspectral imaging combined with neural networks (nn) in estimating ph and anthocyanin content during ripening was evaluated for vintages and varieties not employed in the nn creation. a nn, from a previously published work, trained with grape samples of touriga franca (tf) variety harvested in 2012 was tested with tf from 2013 and two new varieties, touriga nacional (tn) and tinta barroca (tb) from 2013. each sample contained a small number of whole berries. the ...201727719927
effects of leaf removal and applied water on flavonoid accumulation in grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot) berry in a hot climate.the relationships between variations in grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot) fruit zone light exposure and water deficits and the resulting berry flavonoid composition were investigated in a hot climate. the experimental design involved application of mechanical leaf removal (control, pre-bloom, post-fruit set) and differing water deficits (sustained deficit irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation). flavonol and anthocyanin concentrations were measured by c18 reversed-phased hplc and inc ...201627728974
impact of clonal variability on phenolics and radical scavenging activity of grapes and wines: a study on the recently developed merlot and cabernet franc clones (vitis vinifera l.).in this study, grapes and corresponding wines of merlot /no 022, 025 and 029/ and cabernet franc /no 02, 010 and 012/ clones (recently developed) were evaluated regarding the total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, and radical scavenging activity, aiming to better understand their quality and market potential. the nineteen individual polyphenols were quantified in studied grape samples using uhplc coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. the mother grapes and wines were used ...201627732619
transcriptomic comparison between two vitis vinifera l. varieties (trincadeira and touriga nacional) in abiotic stress conditions.predicted climate changes announce an increase of extreme environmental conditions including drought and excessive heat and light in classical viticultural regions. thus, understanding how grapevine responds to these conditions and how different genotypes can adapt, is crucial for informed decisions on accurate viticultural actions. global transcriptome analyses are useful for this purpose as the response to these abiotic stresses involves the interplay of complex and diverse cascades of physiol ...201627733112
anti-dermatophyte and anti-malassezia activity of extracts rich in polymeric flavan-3-ols obtained from vitis vinifera seeds.several human skin diseases are associated with fungi as dermatophytes and malassezia. skin mycoses are increasing and new alternatives to conventional treatments with improved efficacy and/or safety profiles are desirable. for the first time, the anti-dermatophytes and the anti-malassezia activities of vitis vinifera seed extracts obtained from different table and wine cultivars have been evaluated. geometric minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 to 97 µg/ml for dermatophytes and from ...201727739110
consumer acceptability of fresh-market muscadine grapes.the objective of this research was to investigate the acceptability of muscadine grape (vitis rotundifolia) genotypes (cultivars and selections) and to correlate overall liking to other quality measurements to determine the main drivers of liking. twenty-two genotypes grown at the univ. of georgia-tifton campus were evaluated. four retail commercial grape genotypes (vitis vinifera and "concord") were also evaluated for comparison. panelists familiar with muscadine grapes used the hedonic general ...201627741360
influence of vineyard altitude on glera grape ripening (vitis vinifera l.): effects on aroma evolution and wine sensory profile.environmental factors have been acknowledged to greatly influence grape and wine aromas. among them, the effect of altitude on grape aroma compounds has scarcely been debated in literature available to date. in the present study, we investigated the influence of altitude on grape composition and aroma evolution during ripening of vitis vinifera l. cultivar glera grown in conegliano-valdobbiadene docg area (italy).201727747897
phased diploid genome assembly with single-molecule real-time sequencing.while genome assembly projects have been successful in many haploid and inbred species, the assembly of noninbred or rearranged heterozygous genomes remains a major challenge. to address this challenge, we introduce the open-source falcon and falcon-unzip algorithms (https://github.com/pacificbiosciences/falcon/) to assemble long-read sequencing data into highly accurate, contiguous, and correctly phased diploid genomes. we generate new reference sequences for heterozygous samples including an f ...201627749838
effect of exogenous abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, and volatile compounds of cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.) grape berries.the anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, and volatile aromas are important for cabernet sauvignon grape quality. this study evaluated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) and methyl jasmonate (meja) on the anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, lipoxygenase activity, and the volatile compounds of cabernet sauvignon grape berries. exogenous aba and meja improved the content of total anthocyanins (tac) and individual anthocyanins. lipoxygenase (lox) activity also increased after treatment. ...201627754331
the influence of genotype and environment on small rna profiles in grapevine berry.understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between the genetic composition and the environment is crucial for modern viticulture. we approached this issue by focusing on the small rna transcriptome in grapevine berries of the two varieties cabernet sauvignon and sangiovese, growing in adjacent vineyards in three different environments. four different developmental stages were studied and a total of 48 libraries of small rnas were produced and sequenced. using a proximity- ...201627761135
distinct transcriptome responses to water limitation in isohydric and anisohydric grapevine cultivars.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is an economically important crop with a wide geographical distribution, reflecting its ability to grow successfully in a range of climates. however, many vineyards are located in regions with seasonal drought, and these are often predicted to be global climate change hotspots. climate change affects the entire physiology of grapevine, with strong effects on yield, wine quality and typicity, making it difficult to produce berries of optimal enological quality and co ...201627765014
'fortified' wines volatile composition: effect of different postharvest dehydration conditions of wine grapes cv. malvasia moscata (vitis vinifera l.).the impact of postharvest dehydration on the volatile composition of malvasia moscata grapes and fortified wines produced from them was assessed. the ripeness effect of fresh grapes on volatile compounds of dehydrated grapes was evaluated for the first time in this study. fresh grape berries were densimetrically sorted, and more represented density classes were selected. dehydration of riper berries (20.5 °brix) led to volatile profiles richer in terpenes, particularly linalool and geraniol. the ...201727765237
the terroir concept interpreted through grape berry metabolomics and transcriptomics.terroir refers to the combination of environmental factors that affect the characteristics of crops such as grapevine (vitis vinifera) according to particular habitats and management practices. this article shows how certain terroir signatures can be detected in the berry metabolome and transcriptome of the grapevine cultivar corvina using multivariate statistical analysis. the method first requires an appropriate sampling plan. in this case study, a specific clone of the corvina cultivar was se ...201627768042
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