Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| definition of cotton rat immunoglobulins: sigmodon species differ in expression of igg isotypes and production of respiratory syncytial virus antibody. | the cotton rat (sigmodon species) is the preferred animal model for experiments with a number of human pathogens, especially the respiratory viruses. the cotton rat is classified in the family cricetidae (with hamsters and gerbils) and is a distant cousin of the common laboratory rat (rattus) classified in the family muridae (with the common laboratory mouse, mus). antibody reagents that are specific for cotton rat immunoglobulins have not been described. to enhance the usefulness of this model, ... | 1996 | 8774346 |
| primary cytotoxic t-cell responses to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves. recent studies in calves, in which different t-cell subsets were depleted, have shown that cd8+ t cells play a central role in recovery from rsv infection. the present study demonstrates that rsv-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t cells appear in the peripheral blood of gnotobiotic calves 7-10 days after infection with bovine rsv and were also detected in the lungs 10 ... | 1996 | 8774360 |
| invasive monitoring in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | coincident with a change in the physician staff in our pediatric intensive care unit (picu), the frequency and duration of invasive monitoring were decreased. we examined the impact of this change on outcomes, complications, and hospital charges in infants admitted to the picu with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 1996 | 8774504 |
| effectiveness of ribavirin in otherwise well infants with respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure. pediatric critical study group. | to examine ribavirin's effectiveness in otherwise well infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated respiratory failure. | 1996 | 8774517 |
| ribavirin utilization and clinical effectiveness in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | ribavirin was approved in early 1986 for treatment of illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hospitalized children; however, the value of its use remains controversial. this investigation was undertaken to describe ribavirin utilization and to evaluate the effectiveness of ribavirin in reducing the period of hospitalization. all children with laboratory-confirmed rsv infection, hospitalized over seven epidemic periods at a single institution, were identified. char ... | 1996 | 8780603 |
| involvement of the complement system in the protection of mice from challenge with respiratory syncytial virus long strain following passive immunization with monoclonal antibody 18a2b2. | passive immunization of mice with 131 micrograms of the non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) 18a2b2, directed against the a subgroup epitope of the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus long strain (rsv), confers protection against viral i.n. challenge. the role of the fc fragment of this antibody as well as the involvement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) and complement-mediated cytolysis towards protection was evaluated in vivo. passive immunization with the fab ... | 1996 | 8782350 |
| antiviral properties of extract of opuntia streptacantha. | an extract of the cactus plant opuntia streptacantha inhibited intracellular virus replication and inactivated extracellular virus. inhibition of virus replication also occurred following pre-infection treatment--a favourable finding in terms of in-vivo limitation of virus disease. there was inhibition of both dna and rna virus replication, for example, herpes simplex virus, equine herpes virus, pseudorabies virus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and human immunodeficiency virus, wi ... | 1996 | 8783800 |
| rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults. | although rapid antigen detection methods for the documentation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are widely used with pediatric patients, these tests have not been prospectively evaluated in immunocompromised (ic) adults. for bone marrow transplant recipients and adult patients undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia who had recent onset of respiratory symptoms, respiratory samples (combined nasal wash [nw]-throat swab [ts], endotracheal tube [et] aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage [ ... | 1996 | 8784563 |
| differential diagnoses of influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections by direct immunofluorescence using mixtures of monoclonal antibodies of different isotypes. | differences between isotypes of monoclonal antibodies were employed to detect influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence using fluorescein isothiocyanate or texas red conjugates. examination of 56 specimens for influenza a and b viruses and 112 specimens for influenza a virus and respiratory syncytial virus showed the mixed-isotype test to be comparable to the conventional procedure. | 1996 | 8784593 |
| microwave-accelerated direct immunofluorescent staining for respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus. | a microwave-accelerated direct immunofluorescence staining method which requires only 20 min from specimen receipt to interpretation is as effective as conventional methods for detecting respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus antigens in clinical specimens. the time required compares favorably with that for the less sensitive abbott test pack rsv. | 1996 | 8784600 |
| [ribavirin and mechanical ventilation]. | 1996 | 8785545 | |
| effect of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly arrived feeder calves to vaccines and ovalbumin. | two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium (cr) from organic sources (cr chelate and high cr yeast) on antibody responses of newly arrived feeder calves following vaccination with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), para-influenza-3 (pi3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) and pasteurella haemolytica and ovalbumin (ova). using cross bred steer calves purchased at sales in ontario, vaccines and ova were given on d 0 and ... | 1996 | 8785720 |
| serological responses in calves to vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and parainfluenza-3 viruses. | the istituto superiore di sanità (iss), the national veterinary services laboratory in italy, is in charge of assessing the quality, safety and efficacy of veterinary vaccines before and after licensing. to evaluate the relative potency of several vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), the serological responses in vaccinated calves were studied. vaccination w ... | 1996 | 8785944 |
| strain-specific reverse transcriptase pcr assay: means to distinguish candidate vaccine from wild-type strains of respiratory syncytial virus. | candidate live-virus vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus are being developed and are beginning to be evaluated in clinical trials. to distinguish candidate vaccine strains from wild-type strains isolated during these trials, we developed pcr assays specific to two sets of candidate vaccine strains. the two sets were a group a strain (3a), its three attenuated, temperature-sensitive variant strains, a group b strain (2b), and its four attenuated, temperature-sensitive variant strains. the pc ... | 1996 | 8789010 |
| ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. a systematic overview. | to systematically review the evidence evaluating the efficacy of aerosolized ribavirin for the treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | 1996 | 8790125 |
| wheezing bronchitis in children. incidence, viral infections, and other risk factors in a defined population. | risk factors for severe wheezing bronchitis were studied in children aged 4 months to 4 years in need of hospitalization. the children included in the study consisted of all cases generated from a geographically defined population, the catchment area of st göran's hospital in stockholm. the incidence was 3/1000 children and year, during the two years of observation, with the highest rate in boys under the age of 18 months (4.7/1000). symptoms of a preceding upper respiratory tract infection were ... | 1996 | 8792378 |
| an ultrastructural study of the interaction of human eosinophils with respiratory syncytial virus. | it was shown previously that eosinophils are activated in vivo and in vitro by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (garofalo et al., j pediatr 1992: 120: 28-32; kimpen et al., pediatr res 1992: 32: 160-4). for study of the interaction of eosinophils and rsv on the ultrastructural level, normodense eosinophils were purified from peripheral blood of healthy human volunteers. after incubation with rsv in the presence or absence of autologous serum, the eosinophils were examined with immunofluorescenc ... | 1996 | 8792384 |
| recovery of infectious respiratory syncytial virus expressing an additional, foreign gene. | a previous report described the recovery from cdna of infectious recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 (p. l. collins, m. g. hill, e. camargo, h. grosfeld, r. m. chanock, and b. r. murphy, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa, 92:11563-11567, 1995). here, the system was used to construct recombinant rsv containing an additional gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). the cat coding sequence was flanked by rsv-specific gene-start and gene-end motifs, the transcription signa ... | 1996 | 8794298 |
| effects of mutations in the gene-start and gene-end sequence motifs on transcription of monocistronic and dicistronic minigenomes of respiratory syncytial virus. | preceding and following each gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are two conserved sequences, the gene-start (gs) and gene-end (ge) motifs, respectively, which are thought to be transcription signals. the functions and boundaries of these signals and the process of sequential transcription were analyzed with cdna-encoded rna analogs (minigenomes) of nonsegmented negative-sense rsv genomic rna. two minigenomes were used. the monocistronic rsv-cat minigenome consists of the chloramphenicol a ... | 1996 | 8794332 |
| analysis of the human serological immune response to a variable region of the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus during primary infection. | the serum antibody responses of babies to the variable carboxy-terminal region of the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been analysed using paired acute and convalescent sera from infants experiencing their first rsv infection with viruses of known genotype. the variable 84-85 carboxy-terminal amino acids of the g protein of six recent isolates of group a rsv were expressed in escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutahione s-transferase. about half the infants ... | 1996 | 8801286 |
| pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada (picnic) study of admission and management variation in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. | to describe differences in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) at nine canadian tertiary care hospitals. in addition, this study describes the variation in use of drug and other interventions. | 1996 | 8804328 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells up-regulates class i mhc expression through the induction of ifn-beta and il-1 alpha. | cd8+ t cells mediate some of the damage to the lung epithelium following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. since cd8+ t cells recognize antigen-laden class i mhc molecules on the target cells, we examined in this study the expression of class i mhc by rsv-infected respiratory epithelial cells. respiratory epithelial cell lines and bronchial epithelial cells from normal human tissue responded to rsv infection with an increased expression of class i mhc as determined by flow cytometry a ... | 1996 | 8805651 |
| "hiv-peplotion vaccine"--a novel approach to protection against aids by transepithelial transport of viral peptides to langerhans cells for long-term antiviral ctl response. (a review). | viral vaccines which stimulate the humoral immune response in humans have been successful in preventing most of the known virus diseases except dengue fever, respiratory syncytial virus infections and hiv-1-related aids. burke [1] raised a concern that anti-hiv-1 antibodies may add a risk factor to immunized individuals infected with hiv-1. an approach to develop hiv-1 vaccines capable of stimulating anti-hiv-1 cytotoxic t cells requires an understanding of the importance of epidermal and epithe ... | 1996 | 8806938 |
| immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia is a well-recognized complication of bone marrow transplantation with a high mortality rate. we describe two patients who developed rsv pneumonia within the first 3 weeks following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. these patients had significant oxygen requirements and radiographic infiltrates. both were treated with aerosolized ribavirin and given a single 1.5 gm/kg dose of intravenous immune globulin containing high levels of rsv neutralizing a ... | 1996 | 8807113 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in sera from mothers and newborns residing in the gambia and in the united states. | the prevalence of maternal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing antibodies has been documented in developed countries, but there is little information from developing countries. we assessed the prevalence of rsv-neutralizing antibody in sera from gambian women and their newborns and compared them with their american counterparts during a similar period. the geometric mean titers of maternal antibodies to rsv subgroup a in the two populations were similar, while titers of antibodies to ... | 1996 | 8807217 |
| variation in the fusion glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a. | six different genotypes (designated lineages shl1-6) of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus have been defined by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the variable sh and the hypervariable g membrane protein genes, and by restriction fragment analysis of the conserved n protein gene of viruses isolated in south birmingham. viruses of very similar genotype appear to be present worldwide at the present time. we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the fusion protein genes of five virus ... | 1995 | 8808333 |
| bronchial inflammation and the common cold: a comparison of atopic and non-atopic individuals. | cold virus infections are associated with asthma attacks and with increased bronchial responsiveness even in normal subjects. possible mechanisms include epithelial damage, interaction with adhesion molecules or with t-helper cell subsets. | 1996 | 8809424 |
| recombinant superoxide dismutase (sod) administered by aerosol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | recombinant (r) human (hu) manganese (mn) and copper-zinc (cuzn) superoxide dismutase (sod) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in tissue culture and in cotton rats. no apparent cytotoxicity or inhibition of rsv was observed in the tissue culture studies (both compounds had ic50 and ec50 values > or = 1000 micrograms/ml and a selective index = 1). however, significant reductions in mean pulmonary rsv titers (ranging between 0.5 a ... | 1996 | 8811202 |
| diagnosis of respiratory virus infections using gacelisa of urinary antibodies. | sensitive and specific methods are needed to diagnose respiratory virus infections using body fluids such as urine that, unlike blood samples, are readily obtained by non-invasive means. immunoglobulin g antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for detection of antibody rises to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a/taiwan (h1n1) after initial quantification and adjustment of urinary igg concentration. of 24 elderly subjects whose sera were assayed by the compleme ... | 1996 | 8814322 |
| a model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection based on experimental aerosol exposure with bovine rsv in calves. | five conventionally kept calves aged between 17 and 24 days were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) by aerosol in order to mimic the natural infection route. the calves were killed and autopsies performed 7 days after the first virus challenge. the brsv isolate used induced tracheitis, bronchitis and atelectasis in infected calves. the only virus which could be isolated from the lungs of the calves was brsv. in addition, mycoplasma bovirhinis was isolated from ... | 1996 | 8814979 |
| simultaneous rapid culture for four respiratory viruses in the same cell monolayer using a differential multicolored fluorescent confirmatory stain. | a simultaneous rapid culture for influenza virus types a and b, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus was developed in a 96-well plate format with a culture-confirmatory stain using multiple fluorescent tags. performance characteristics were comparable to those of standard and/or single rapid-culture methods as shown by parallel testing of 590 fresh clinical specimens and retrospective testing of 190 previously positive frozen specimens. the quadruple culture required less specime ... | 1996 | 8815086 |
| [successful repair of distal type of aortopulmonary window by deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest]. | a one year old boy with the distal type of aortopulmonary window was successfully repaired by the transaortic approach and discharged two weeks after operation. exposure of the defect was enhanced by using deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest so that aortic cannula and cross-clamp could be removed. 2 months before the operation, he needed the respiratory support during a month because of respiratory syncytial viral infection, cardiac failure and equivalent pulmonary hypertension. postoperati ... | 1995 | 8815262 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | 1996 | 8815683 | |
| immune responses of lambs to the fusion (f) glycoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus expressed on insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. | a group of lambs was immunized with the f protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus expressed in a baculovirus (bac-f) and their humoral and cellular immune responses to bovine rsv studied before and after challenge with infectious bovine rsv. immunization with bac-f resulted in significant humoral immune responses as measured by virus neutralization and cellular immune responses as measured by lympho-proliferation against inactivated bovine rsv and specific cytotoxicity against autologous t ... | 1996 | 8817824 |
| sites of replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in naturally infected calves as determined by in situ hybridization. | replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was studied in three naturally infected calves by in situ hybridization using strand-specific rna probes. one of the calves was a 5-month-old friesian, the other two calves were a 3-month-old and a 3-week-old jersey. two jersey calves, 3 months and 3 weeks of age, served as controls. replication of brsv took place in the luminal lining of the respiratory tract. in one of the brsv infected animals (calf no. 1), replication was especially se ... | 1996 | 8817835 |
| rapid diagnosis of human parainfluenza virus type 1 infection by quantitative reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme hybridization assay. | the detection and quantitation of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1) rna in nasal wash specimens from 49 children with lower respiratory infections were performed by a reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme hybridization assay (rt-pcr-eha). the hpiv-1 rt-pcr-eha was then used to test 40 samples from asymptomatic children. primers and probes were designed from regions within the hpiv-1 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene which are highly conserved among all known genotypes. hpiv-1 was detected in a ... | 1996 | 8818880 |
| influence of selective t-lymphocyte depletion on the lung pathology of gnotobiotic calves and the distribution of different t-lymphocyte subsets following challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the depletion of cd8+ t-lymphocytes with a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the cd8 molecule delayed the ability of three gnotobiotic calves to clear bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) from their lungs within 10 days after an experimental challenge with the virus. this protracted infection was associated with an enhanced pneumonic consolidation score (21.6 per cent) compared with seven control calves (7.4 per cent) and a histological lesion of active respiratory epithelial hy ... | 1996 | 8819192 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances the response to laryngeal chemostimulation and inhibits arousal from sleep in young lambs. | to evaluate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the response to laryngeal chemostimulation (lcs) with water, five lambs were inoculated with human rsv and three lambs were given control media at an age of 3-5 days. during rsv infection, lcs resulted in increased inhibition of minute ventilation and delayed recovery of regular breathing. sleep further increased the response, and arousal was less likely to occur in active sleep. two of the five infected lambs needed resusc ... | 1996 | 8819543 |
| reflex apnoea response and inflammatory mediators in infants with respiratory tract infection. | the reflex apnoea response to water stimulation was evaluated in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and compared to the response in non-infected infants who had sustained an apparent life-threatening event (alte) or were siblings of infants who had died of sudden infant death syndrome (sids). rsv-infected infants had a significantly (p < 0.05) reinforced reflex apnoea response compared with non-infected infants. there was a significant negative correlation between the conce ... | 1996 | 8819544 |
| aetiology of pneumonia in hospitalized children. | one-hundred-and-thirty-two children with clinical and radiological evidence of bronchopneumonia/pneumonia were studied over a 1-year period for isolation/detection of bacterial and viral aetiological pathogens. throat swab, nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa), and lung aspirate were studied for bacterial and viral cultures. npa was also subjected to latex agglutination test (la) for h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae; and immunofluorescent technique (ifat) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) for respiratory syn ... | 1996 | 8820615 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in a girl undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an immunologic study of local secretion. | 1996 | 8823864 | |
| association of invasive pneumococcal disease with season, atmospheric conditions, air pollution, and the isolation of respiratory viruses. | we examined the relation of invasive pneumococcal disease to season, atmospheric conditions, and the rate of respiratory virus isolation in a community-wide surveillance program in houston. among adults, the number of cases of pneumococcal bacteremia peaked in midwinter and declined strikingly in midsummer, indicating a high degree of inverse correlation with the ambient temperature. we detected significant correlations between the occurrence of pneumococcal disease and the isolation of respirat ... | 1996 | 8824973 |
| pleural fluid in hospitalized pediatric patients. | we reviewed 105 charts of children who were hospitalized in a major teaching hospital between 1987 and 1993 with a diagnosis of pleural effusion established by radiographic study of the chest. there were 75 males and 30 females; mean age was 7.2 years (range 1 day-18 years). pleural fluid was secondary to trauma, renal disease, or malignancy in 31.5% of patients. parapneumonic effusions were found in the majority of patients, 64/105 (61%). however, in only 38 of the 64 patients (59%) was an orga ... | 1996 | 8825844 |
| reassessment of indications for ribavirin therapy in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 1996 | 8829010 | |
| immunological determinants of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | various disease syndromes caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may have a common mechanism of pathogenesis mediated by cytokines produced by type 2 t helper cells. the nature of the immune response to rsv is determined by the pattern of cytokines produced sequentially by many different cell types. vaccination can influence the types of cytokine produced by selectively activating t cell subpopulations and inducing an immune response that clears the virus with minimal immunopathology. | 1996 | 8829339 |
| evaluation of subgroup-specific peptides of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus for characterization of the immune response. | two synthetic peptides, designated peptides 12g(a) and 12g(b), representing amino acids 174-188 of the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a (strain a2) and subgroup b (strain ch18537) were evaluated for their properties as subgroup-specific antigens for enzyme immunoassay (elisa). these peptides were used to characterize the immune response of children with naturally occurring rsv infection during six annual epidemics in the huntington area, west virginia, usa; viz. 197 ... | 1995 | 8830114 |
| characteristics of il-6 and tnf-alpha production by respiratory syncytial virus-infected macrophages in the neonate. | the production of il-6 and tnf-alpha and the expression of their mrna were studied with neonatal (cord blood) and adult blood monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) after in vitro infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). cord blood mdm exhibited production of high levels of il-6 within 24 hr after infection. little or no il-6 production was detected after 24-48 hr and after in vitro stimulation with inactivated (nonreplicating) virus. adult blood mdm also produced high levels of il-6 within ... | 1996 | 8835355 |
| conformational studies of a short linear peptide corresponding to a major conserved neutralizing epitope of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | the conformational properties of a 21-residue peptide, corresponding to amino acids 255 to 275 (f255-275) of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion (f) glycoprotein have been studied by cd and nmr spectroscopy. this peptide includes residues 262, 268, and 272 of the f polypeptide that are essential for integrity of most epitopes that mapped into a major antigenic site of the f molecule. cd data indicate that f255-275 adopts a random coil conformation in aqueous solution at low peptide conc ... | 1996 | 8837519 |
| respigam for protection against rsv. | 1996 | 8840776 | |
| safety aspects of vitamin a administration. | to review longstanding experience in the safe use of vitamin a as therapeutic agent in prematurely born human neonates and more recently with young children infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 1996 | 8841769 |
| antiviral screening of british columbian medicinal plants. | one hundred methanolic plant extracts were screened for antiviral activity against seven viruses. twelve extracts were found to have antiviral activity at the non-cytotoxic concentrations tested. the extracts of rosa nutkana and amelanchier alnifolia, both members of the rosaceae, were very active against an enteric coronavirus. a root extract of another member of the rosaceae, potentilla arguta, completely inhibited respiratory syncytial virus. a sambucus racemosa branch tip extract was also ve ... | 1995 | 8847882 |
| aerosolized immunoglobulin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | recent studies in animals with experimental respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection indicate that passive immunization by intranasal or intratracheal application of gamma-globulins (immunoglobulins) may be beneficial for treatment of infants with lower respiratory tract infection caused by rsv. | 1996 | 8852908 |
| study of interobserver reliability in clinical assessment of rsv lower respiratory illness: a pediatric investigators collaborative network for infections in canada (picnic) study. | randomized trials of ribavirin therapy have used clinical scores to assess illness severity. little information on agreement for these findings between observers has been published. we decided to determine interobserver agreement for (1) a history for apnea or respiratory failure; (2) assessment of cyanosis, respiratory rate, retractions, and oximetry; and (3) determination of reason for hospitalization (requirement for medications, supportive care, underlying illness, poor home environment). at ... | 1996 | 8856800 |
| immunological determinants of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | 1996 | 8856866 | |
| viral aetiology of enzootic pneumonia in danish dairy herds: diagnostic tools and epidemiology. | ten outbreaks of calf respiratory disease in danish dairy herds were investigated by lung lavage, and in eight of the herds paired blood samples were tested serologically. in six of the 10 herds bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigen was detected in the lung lavage fluids. in only one calf was coronavirus and brsv detected simultaneously. the paired blood samples confirmed that four of the herds were brsv-infected, and in one herd the brsv infection was diagnosed by the paired blood s ... | 1996 | 8856889 |
| expression and characterisation of the ns1 and ns2 proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. | the ns1 and ns2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were expressed using baculovirus. antisera to these expressed proteins and to synthetic peptides were raised in rabbits and used to characterise the proteins. multiple forms of both ns1 and ns2 proteins were detected in rsv infected cells by both immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation when non-reducing, but not reducing, conditions were used. in pulse-labelling experiments the monomeric form of ns1 was stable, while that of ... | 1996 | 8864205 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a significant challenge for optimal care. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a potent pathogen causing annual epidemics of serious illness in young infants. controversy over interventions has evolved given conflicting research results concerning the disease process and the variety of treatment options. investigations over the last two decades have provided more insight into the complexity of this sometimes deadly infection and better understanding of the reasons why treatment is so elusive. currently, rsv infection cannot be prevented ... | 1996 | 8868628 |
| surfactant abnormalities in infants with severe viral bronchiolitis. | to determine whether abnormalities of pulmonary surfactant occur in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis, surfactant indices were measured in lung lavage fluid from 12 infants with severe bronchiolitis and eight infants without lung disease. compared with controls, the bronchiolitis group showed deficiency of surfactant protein a (1.02 v 14.4 micrograms/ml) and disaturated phosphatidylcholine (35 v 1060 micrograms/ml) which resolved as the disease improved. surfactant functional activity was a ... | 1996 | 8869194 |
| relationship between clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection and subtype. | the relationship between clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and distribution of subtype a or b was investigated. the data of 232 children, who were admitted with rsv infection or diagnosed in the outpatient department of the sophia children's hospital, rotterdam between 1992 and 1995, were studied. the diagnosis of rsv was confirmed by a direct immunofluorescence assay. subtyping was performed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using specific monoclonal antibod ... | 1996 | 8869195 |
| a nonradioactive method for rapid and sensitive detection of polymerase chain reaction products by use of bromo-deoxyuridine. | a highly sensitive and nonradioactive method that allows for rapid detection of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products, without the need for hybridization with oligonucleotide probes, is described. in this method, a 410-bp sequence of the human respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid cdna was amplified by pcr in the presence of bromo-deoxyuridine-triphosphate, an analog of deoxythymidine-triphosphate. after agarose gel electrophoresis and southern blotting, the pcr product was directly identi ... | 1996 | 8871927 |
| induction of allergen-specific il-2 responsiveness of lymphocytes after respiratory syncytial virus infection and prediction of onset of recurrent wheezing and bronchial asthma. | in pediatric patients with bronchial asthma and/or atopic dermatitis, peripheral lymphocytes are activated if they are stimulated with the responsible antigen, resulting in induction of responsiveness to il-2. because some nursing infants experience recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, attention is being directed to progression of the disease to bronchial asthma. | 1996 | 8876558 |
| antibody responses against the g and f proteins of bovine respiratory syncytial virus after experimental and natural infections. | antibodies against the two major surface glycoproteins of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), g and f, play a role in protection against brsv-associated disease, but only the antibody response against the f protein has been well described. therefore, we used a novel peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (g peptide-elisa) to compare immunoglobulin g (igg) and igg subclass antibody responses against the g protein with the antibody response against the f protein, as measured by a c ... | 1996 | 8877125 |
| vitamin a therapy for children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multicenter trial in the united states. | high dose vitamin a therapy is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with measles infection. children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have low serum vitamin a concentrations. | 1996 | 8878220 |
| treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection with vitamin a: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in santiago, chile. | treatment with high dose vitamin a reduces complications and duration of hospitalization for children with measles. in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, as with measles, low serum vitamin a concentrations correlate with increased severity of illness. | 1996 | 8878221 |
| the binding of chimeric peptides to gm1 ganglioside enables induction of antibody responses after intranasal immunization. | with a model peptide, the neutralizing epitope 50-75 of cholera toxin b subunit, two chimeric peptides were constructed. a t-cell epitope, the 174-187 peptide from the g protein of the respiratory syncytial virus, was co-linearly synthesized at the amino-(174-50) or carboxyl-terminus (50-174) of the 50-75 peptide. although both chimeric peptides were equally immunogenic by the intraperitoneal route, the 50-174 peptide was more immunogenic than the 174-50 peptide by the intranasal (i.n.) route. b ... | 1996 | 8879105 |
| rapid identification of respiratory viruses: impact on isolation practices and transmission among immunocompromised pediatric patients. | to determine whether empiric isolation of patients with acute respiratory virus infection symptoms could be discontinued when preliminary shell vial cultures were negative, and the impact of this approach on hospital resources. | 1996 | 8880230 |
| identification of a variant subgroup a strain of respiratory syncytial virus. | during epidemiologic surveillance of children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in huntington, w.va., we identified seven strains of a new variant subgroup a rsv (subgroup a-var) by their reactions in an enzyme immunoassay with two anti-f monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for two epitopes, f1 and f4, generated against the subgroup b rsv. the prototype strain of subgroup a and all other subgroup a field strains from that epidemiologic year failed to react with these two subgroup ... | 1996 | 8880506 |
| comparison of reverse transcription-pcr with tissue culture and other rapid diagnostic assays for detection of type a influenza virus. | we applied a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay for influenza a virus to combined nasal wash-throat swab specimens previously obtained from an outpatient pediatric population with acute respiratory illness during concurrent epidemics of influenza a virus and respiratory syncytial virus. the results of the rt-pcr assay were compared with those previously reported with virus cultivation and commercially available rapid diagnostic kits (e.a. dominguez, l.h. taber, and r.b. couch, j. clin. microbi ... | 1996 | 8880531 |
| [nosocomial infections due to syncytial respiratory virus: which hygienic measures]. | nosocomial respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus are common among hospitalized children. the overall prevention is based on 3 points: prevention of person-to-person viral transmission, infection surveillance and staff education. handwashing is the main protective attitude. other measures such as gloving, gowning and wearing masks and goggles are discussed. changes in hospital organisation during epidemic periodes must also be considered. | 1996 | 8881187 |
| induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human nasal epithelial cells during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 was determined in vitro in nasal epithelial cell cultures. functional consequences of changes in icam-1 expression were assessed by measuring adhesion of a human leukaemic t-cell line to rsv-infected epithelial cells. also, adhesion of phytohaemagglutinin-activated tonsillar lymphocytes (tl) to rsv-infected epithelial cells caused a significant increase in interleukin (il)-4 ... | 1996 | 8881758 |
| health care worker exposure to aerosolized ribavirin: biological and air monitoring. | aerosolized ribavirin is administered frequently to treat severe respiratory syncytial virus infections. the drug's potential reproductive effects in occupationally exposed workers remains a concern among health care workers. in this evaluation, we measured urinary ribavirin concentrations in occupationally exposed health care workers. ribavirin was detected in 16 of 26 (62%) post-work-shift urine samples that had been provided by nurses, and in five of 22 (23%) post-work-shift urine samples tha ... | 1996 | 8882097 |
| prophylaxis for severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | 1996 | 8884798 | |
| th1 and th2 cytokine induction in pulmonary t cells during infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | helper t (th) cells can be classified functionally into two main types. broadly, th1 cells play a major role in eliminating viral pathogens, while th2 cells mediate anti-parasite immunity and allergic responses. these functions are thought to depend on characteristic and distinct patterns of cytokine production. infection with human respiratory syncytial virus, an important common cold virus, causes transient lymphocytic bronchiolitis in mice. activated t cells are partly responsible for this di ... | 1996 | 8887477 |
| bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is a commonly encountered disease of infants and young children. mortality is low, but morbidity is significant. treatment requires considerable commitment of time from medical and nonmedical personnel. decisions about treatment modalities remain controversial. patients may remain susceptible to pulmonary problems for years and may be predisposed to the development of asthma. much is known about this disease, but much remains to be learned. | 1996 | 8890145 |
| generation of atypical pulmonary inflammatory responses in balb/c mice after immunization with the native attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus. | the feasibility of using the highly purified native attachment (g) protein in a subunit vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was examined in a murine model with or without the fusion (f) protein of rsv and the adjuvant qs-21. the studies established that qs-21 was more potent than aioh as an adjuvant for both f and g glycoproteins. augmented antigen-dependent killer cell activity and complement-assisted serum neutralizing and anti-f and g protein immunoglobulin g2a antibody titers w ... | 1996 | 8892899 |
| chemokines in viral disease. | chemokines or chemotactic cytokines are small peptide molecules involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection. this article reviews recent research investigating the interaction between chemokines and viral infection. there is considerable evidence from cellular studies showing that both respiratory epithelium and recruited neutrophils contribute to the chemokine response in paramyxovirus infection. we have shown that plasma concentrations of il8, a neutrophil and t-cell chemoa ... | 1996 | 8901432 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: its role in aeroallergen sensitization during the first two years of life. | our aim was to study the influence of infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in non-hospitalized infants on sensitization to aeroallergens and the early manifestation of atopy. six hundred and nine infants from the prospective german multicenter cohort study on atopy were included, 38% of whom had an elevated atopic risk. rsv igg and igm antibodies were tested by elisa with gradient purified rsv antigen. specific ige against mites, cat dandruff, birch and grass pollens and relevant ... | 1996 | 8902854 |
| common (but not always considered) viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. | viral lower respiratory tract infections continue to cause a great deal of morbidity and mortality in the united states and worldwide, despite advances in treatment options, chemoprophylaxis, and vaccine development. the availability of ribavirin has improved the outlook in high-risk patients who develop respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis while intensive efforts are continued to develop an efficacious and safe vaccine. respiratory syncytial virus immunoglobulin may prove to be a useful to ... | 1996 | 8902869 |
| experimental reproduction of respiratory disease in calves with non-cell-culture-passaged bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | to reproduce experimentally clinical bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections in cattle, we isolated brsv from a calf in the field that suffered from acute respiratory disease. cell culture passage of the virus was avoided to prevent any modification of the biological properties of the virus. the isolated brsv was passaged in specific-pathogen-free (spf) calves. lung lavage fluids of these calves, which contained at least 10(3) tcid50/ml brsv and which were found to be free of other ... | 1996 | 8903138 |
| fatal respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia as the presenting feature of severe combined immunodeficiency disease. | 1996 | 8904488 | |
| continuous infusion of ketamine in mechanically ventilated children with refractory bronchospasm. | to determine whether ketamine infusion to mechanically ventilated children with refractory bronchospasm is beneficial. | 1996 | 8905436 |
| acute bronchiolitis in tropical africa: a hospital-based perspective in ibadan, nigeria. | in a 30-month prospective study of severe acute lower respiratory infections in hospitalized pre-school nigerian children, acute bronchiolitis was diagnosed in 67 cases; 19 (28.4%) and 2 (3.0%) of these had concomitant pneumonia or croup, respectively. the peak prevalence was in the wet (rainy) season (may-october). the male/female (m:f) ratio in infants < or = 6 months was 2.9:1, differing significantly from the 1.1:1 in older subjects (p = 0.04). none of the subjects had severe malnutrition. n ... | 1996 | 8905884 |
| increased airway reactivity in human rsv bronchiolitis in the guinea pig is not due to increased wall thickness. | bronchiolitis due to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life. it has been suggested that rsv infection may cause subsequent asthma, but a mechanism for this relationship has not been demonstrated. studies examining the presence of airway reactivity in infants with rsv bronchiolitis are limited by our inability to administer provocative agents such as histamine to such ill infants. this makes a small animal mode ... | 1996 | 8905885 |
| a study of childhood febrile convulsions with particular reference to hhv-6 infection: pathogenic considerations. | most febrile convulsions (fc) in infants occur during a viral infection, particularly in children of less than 3 years of age; human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) has an important pathogenic role. to evaluate the link between this and other viruses and fc, a group of 65 children (mean age 18.46 months, sd +/- 9.19) with a first episode of simple fc (g1) was compared with 24 children (mean age 19.29 months, sd +/- 13.17) with a febrile syndrome but without fc (g2). virological study showed the following ... | 1996 | 8906369 |
| potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: a systematic review. | this article describes the background and framework for a systematic review of potential interventions for preventing pneumonia among under-5-year-olds in developing countries. twenty-eight intervention areas are identified in six groups -- immunization, case management/chemoprophylaxis of high-risk children, improving nutrition, reducing environmental pollution, reducing transmission of pathogens, and improving child care practices. calculation of the potential impacts is illustrated and the ex ... | 1995 | 8907773 |
| a paediatric canopy system for aerosol administration and minimized environmental pollution. | a canopy system for ribavirin aerosol administration to infants has been developed in order to improve the control of aerosol treatment, facilitate access to the infant and minimize environmental pollution. the system comprises a transparent canopy, fitted with four sealable apertures. an evacuation flow that is 3 l/min higher than the gas supply was anticipated to prevent aerosol leakage from the canopy. | 1996 | 8908231 |
| the ribavirin debate. | 1996 | 8909507 | |
| the ribavirin debate. | 1996 | 8909508 | |
| phase i study of intravenous ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after marrow transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in marrow transplant recipients is associated with significant mortality. ribavirin is a nucleoside analog with activity against rsv and in its aerosolized formulation is the only drug approved for treatment of rsv pneumonia in the united states. the clinical use of aerosolized ribavirin has been limited by caregivers' concerns about drug exposure and potential teratogenic effects. since there is lack of proven efficacy and safety of the aerosolized ri ... | 1996 | 8913463 |
| detection of measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts in circulating blood cells from patients with paget disease. | paget disease of bone is characterized by abnormalities in all phases of bone remodeling, but the fundamental cellular abnormality resides in the osteoclast (ocl). osteoclasts in bone involved by paget disease contain viral-like nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions that react with antibodies directed against paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins, such as measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, or canine distemper virus. however, the identity of the virus or the mechanisms responsible for its per ... | 1996 | 8915767 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a cold-passaged (cp) temperature sensitive (ts) cpts-248/404 live attenuated virus vaccine candidate. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the rsv cpts-248/404 live attenuated vaccine candidate was determined from cloned cdna and was compared to that of the rsv a2/hek7 wild-type, cold-passaged cp-rsv, and cpts-248 virus, which constitute the series of progenitor viruses. rsv cpts-248/404 is more attenuated and more temperature sensitive (ts) (shut-off temperature 36 degrees) than its cpts-248 parent virus (shut-off temperature 38 degrees) and is currently being evaluated in phase i clinical trial ... | 1996 | 8918930 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an aids patient. | pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus in an aids patient is reported. a co-infection with cytomegalovirus was also demonstrated. treatment with ribavirin and foscarnet produced good clinical response. the patient, known to have serious obstructive lung disease, suffered from bronchial hyperreactivity for some time afterwards. the dilemma of antiviral therapy is discussed. | 1996 | 8923049 |
| a colorimetric ldh assay for the titration of infectivity and the evaluation of anti-viral activity against ortho- and paramyxoviruses. | a rapid and precise screening assay was developed for in vitro evaluation of anti-orthomyxo- and anti-paramyxovirus agents. the procedure is spectrophotometrical assessment for viability of cells via extracellular leakage of lactic dehydrogenase (ldh). hmv-ii cells, a human melanoma cell line was found to be suitable for the titration of virus infectivity and screening of anti-viral agents for orthomyxo- and paramyxoviruses. comparative titration of infectivity of stock viruses by the ldh and th ... | 1995 | 8928191 |
| occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. part i. | health care workers are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections that cause substantial illness and occasional deaths. despite this, few studies have examined the incidence, prevalence, or exposure-associated rates of infection or have considered infection-specific interventions recommended to maintain worker safety. | 1996 | 8928990 |
| heliox in respiratory failure secondary to bronchiolitis: a new therapy. | 1996 | 8931086 | |
| preventing nosocomial infection in paediatric wards. | nosocomial infection is potentially a major problem in paediatric wards. however, there are methodological difficulties which hinder researchers in identifying the true extent of nosocomial infection. respiratory infections pose the greatest challenge, with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) being particularly problematic. however, rsv can be contained by strict implementation of isolation procedures. other major pathogens such as enteric bacteria and viruses can similarly be controlled throu ... | 1996 | 8932032 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in canada. | 1996 | 8935391 | |
| association between maternal smoking and severe respiratory syncytial virus infections and sudden infant death syndrome. | 1996 | 8936101 | |
| laboratory diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract viral infections in children. | this report summarizes and compares the results of complement fixation test (cft), virus isolation (vi), and direct immunofluorescence test (dif) for the antigen detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (flu a), and adenovirus in 62 children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) in kuwait. it includes, as well, cft results for parainfluenza virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae. combining the three methods, a potential causative agent was identified in 56 (90 pe ... | 1996 | 8936958 |
| surveillance of community-acquired viral infections due to respiratory viruses in rhone-alpes (france) during winter 1994 to 1995. | nasal swab from patients with acute flu-like illness were evaluated for the presence of respiratory viruses in the rhone-alpes region of france from 1 october 1994 through 2 may 1995. the relative frequencies and seasonal distributions of the specific viruses were assessed. in addition, virus type was correlated with specific clinical signs and symptoms. during the study, 962 samples were collected by 75 medical practitioners participating in the groupe regional d'observation de la grippe survei ... | 1996 | 8940439 |