Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| identification and functional analysis of porcine basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor 3 (tcf3) and its alternative splicing isoforms. | the transcription factor 3 (tcf3) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and is essential for lymphocyte development and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. the splicing isoform, genomic organization and physiological roles of tcf3 have not been elucidated well in pig. based on rna-seq database, four alternative splicing isoforms were identified. splicing isoforms tcf3(e12), tcf3(e47), and tcf3a expressed globally in porcine tissues, but tcf3b mainly expressed in spleen and endoderm der ... | 2016 | 27033898 |
| african swine fever virus introduction into the eu in 2014: experience of latvia. | african swine fever (asf) virus was introduced in latvia in june 2014. thirty-two outbreaks in domestic pigs and 217 cases in wild boar were notified in 2014. twenty-eight outbreaks (87.5%) were primary outbreaks. the contagiosity within pig herds was low. failure to use simple biosecurity measures to reduce the chance of virus introduction, for example by inadvertent feeding of locally produced virus contaminated fodder were the main causes for the outbreaks in backyard holdings. the infection ... | 2016 | 27033903 |
| evidence for tunisian-like pestiviruses presence in small ruminants in italy since 2007. | the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family, includes ssrna+ viruses responsible for infectious diseases in pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and other domestic and wild ruminants. like most of the rna viruses, pestivirus has high genome variability with practical consequences on disease epidemiology, diagnosis and control. in addition to the officially recognized species in the genus pestivirus, such as bvdv-1, bvdv-2, bdv and csfv, other pestiviruses have been detected. furthermore ... | 2016 | 27041547 |
| sensitivity of african swine fever virus to type i interferon is linked to genes within multigene families 360 and 505. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a lethal haemorrhagic disease of pigs. there are conflicting reports on the role of interferon in asfv infection. we therefore analysed the interaction of asfv with porcine interferon, in vivo and in vitro. virulent asfv induced biologically active ifn in the circulation of pigs from day 3-post infection, whereas low virulent our t88/3, which lacks genes from multigene family (mgf) 360 and mgf505, did not. infection of porcine leucocytes enriched for dendr ... | 2016 | 27043071 |
| pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in mizoram. | clinical histopathological and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever disease in pigs of mizoram. | 2015 | 27047001 |
| sequence-based comparative study of classical swine fever virus genogroup 2.2 isolate with pestivirus reference strains. | this study was undertaken with the aim to compare and establish the genetic relatedness between classical swine fever virus (csfv) genogroup 2.2 isolate and pestivirus reference strains. | 2015 | 27047198 |
| evaluation of specific humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated with cell culture adapted classical swine fever vaccine. | to determine an efficient vaccination schedule on the basis of the humoral immune response of cell culture adapted live classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccinated pigs and maternally derived antibody (mda) in piglets of vaccinated sows. | 2016 | 27057117 |
| functional characterization and inhibition of the type ii dna topoisomerase coded by african swine fever virus. | dna topoisomerases are essential for dna metabolism and while their role is well studied in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it is less known for virally-encoded topoisomerases. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna virus that infects ornithodoros ticks and all members of the family suidae, representing a global threat for pig husbandry with no effective vaccine nor treatment. it was recently demonstrated that asfv codes for a type ii topoisomerase, highlighting a possibl ... | 2016 | 27060564 |
| development of a novel single-step reverse genetics system for the generation of classical swine fever virus. | we describe an alternative reverse genetics system for generating classical swine fever virus (csfv) based on swine rna polymerase i promoter (pspi)-mediated vrna transcription. the recombinant plasmid pspti/sm harboring a full-length csfv shimen strain cdna, flanked by a swine rna polymerase i (pol i) promoter sequence at the 5' end and a murine pol i terminator sequence at the 3' end, was constructed. when the plasmid pspti/sm was introduced into pk-15 cells by transfection, an infectious csfv ... | 2016 | 27068166 |
| detection system based on magnetoelastic sensor for classical swine fever virus. | in this paper, a magnetoelastic (me) sensing system for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is presented. the detection system comprises a test paper and a measurement circuit. the test paper consists mainly of an me biosensor to detect the csfv. based on the impedance analysis technique, the measurement circuit is designed to measure the resonance frequency of the me biosensor. the anti-csfv igg is immobilized onto the me sensor surface to form the me biosensor through a physica ... | 2016 | 27078750 |
| genetic diversity of subgenotype 2.1 isolates of classical swine fever virus. | as the causative agent of classical swine fever, the economically devastating swine disease worldwide, classical swine fever virus (csfv) is currently classified into the 11 subgenotypes, of which subgenotype 2.1 is distributed worldwide and showing more genetic diversity than other subgenotypes. prior to this report, subgenotype 2.1 was divided into three sub-subgenotypes (2.1a-2.1c). to further analyze the genetic diversity of csfv isolates in china, 39 csfv isolates collected between 2004 and ... | 2016 | 27085291 |
| prokaryotic expression, purification and antigenicity analysis of african swine fever virus pk205r protein. | african swine fever is an acute, febrile and highly virulent porcine disease causing serious economic losses worldwide. the pk205r protein of the african swine fever virus (asfv) is largely expressed in the early stages of infection, which has given the k205r gene extensive attention. in this study, the asfv k205r was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). expression of histidine-tagged pk205r with a molecular mass of 44 kda was determined by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylami ... | 2016 | 27096786 |
| recoding structural glycoprotein e2 in classical swine fever virus (csfv) produces complete virus attenuation in swine and protects infected animals against disease. | controlling classical swine fever (csf) mainly involves vaccination with live attenuated vaccines (lav). experimental csfv lavs has been lately developed through reverse genetics using several different approaches. here we present that codon de-optimization in the major csfv structural glycoprotein e2 coding region, causes virus attenuation in swine. four different mutated constructs (pcsfm1-pcsfm4) were designed using various mutational approaches based on the genetic background of the highly v ... | 2016 | 27110709 |
| african swine fever virus undergoes outer envelope disruption, capsid disassembly and inner envelope fusion before core release from multivesicular endosomes. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a nucleocytoplasmic large dna virus (ncldv) that causes a highly lethal disease in domestic pigs. as other ncldvs, the extracellular form of asfv possesses a multilayered structure consisting of a genome-containing nucleoid successively wrapped by a thick protein core shell, an inner lipid membrane, an icosahedral protein capsid and an outer lipid envelope. this structural complexity suggests an intricate mechanism of internalization in order to deliver the vi ... | 2016 | 27110717 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a ge/gi/tk gene-deleted pseudorabies virus variant expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus in pigs. | classical swine fever (csf) and pseudorabies (pr) are both major infectious diseases of pigs, causing enormous economic losses to the swine industry in many countries. a marker vaccine that enables differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) is highly desirable for control and eradication of these two diseases in endemic areas. since late 2011, pr outbreaks have been frequently reported in many bartha-k61-vaccinated pig farms in china. it has been demonstrated that a pseudorabies ... | 2016 | 27113530 |
| african swine fever virus serotype-specific proteins are significant protective antigens for african swine fever. | african swine fever (asf) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. no asf vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of asfv strain diversity and the viral antigens conferring type-specific protective immunity in pigs. available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate that asf protective immunity may be haemadsorption inhibition (hai) serotype-specific. recently, we have shown that two asfv proteins, cd2v ( ... | 2016 | 27114233 |
| antiviral role of ifitm proteins in african swine fever virus infection. | the interferon-induced transmembrane (ifitm) protein family is a group of antiviral restriction factors that impair flexibility and inhibit membrane fusion at the plasma or the endosomal membrane, restricting viral progression at entry. while ifitms are widely known to inhibit several single-stranded rna viruses, there are limited reports available regarding their effect in double-stranded dna viruses. in this work, we have analyzed a possible antiviral function of ifitms against a double strand ... | 2016 | 27116236 |
| in vitro adaptation and genome analysis of a sub-subgenotype 2.1c isolate of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) still causes substantial economic losses in the pig industry in china. this study reports the isolation and characterization of a field csf virus named gd53/2011 from pig kidney tissue collected during a csf outbreak in guangdong province, china. phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length e2 gene sequence revealed that this isolate belongs to csfv sub-subgenotype 2.1c. to further understand the replication characteristics, gd53/2011 was subsequently adapted in pk- ... | 2016 | 27155669 |
| towards a peptide-based suspension array for the detection of pestivirus antibodies in swine. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and lethal disease in swine. serological tests for the diagnosis of csf need not only to detect antibodies against csfv, but also need to differentiate these from antibodies against other pestiviruses. to investigate the possibilities of specific peptide-based serology, various synthetic peptides that represent a well-described linear epitope of the csfv e2 protein (tavspttlr) were used to test the viability of a peptide-based suspension array f ... | 2016 | 27166561 |
| complete genome sequence of a classical swine fever virus isolate belonging to new subgenotype 2.1d from henan province, central china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of hen1505, a field isolate of classical swine fever virus belonging to the new subgenotype 2.1d. hen1505 distinguishes itself from other classical swine fever virus (csfvs) by 1 amino acid substitution in position 159 (threonine by isoleucine), which led to the loss of one n-glycosylation site in the n(pro) protein. | 2016 | 27174260 |
| improved strategy for molecular characterization of african swine fever viruses from sardinia, based on analysis of p30, cd2v and i73r/i329l variable regions. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the aetiological agent of a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease affecting pigs that inflicts significant economic damage on the swine industry. asf is present in many african countries, in several eastern and central european countries and in sardinia (italy). sequence analyses of variable genomic regions have been extensively used for molecular epidemiological studies of asfv isolates. previous sequencing data of genes that codify for viral protein p54, p72 an ... | 2016 | 27174805 |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of 9gl and mgf360/505 genes is highly attenuated in swine but does not confer protection against parental virus challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) produces a contagious disease of domestic pigs that results in severe economic consequences to the swine industry. control of the disease has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. we recently reported the development of two experimental vaccine strains (asfv-g-δ9gl and asfv-g-δmgf) based on the attenuation of the highly virulent and epidemiologically relevant georgia2007 isolate. deletion of the 9gl gene or six genes of the mgf360/505 group produced tw ... | 2016 | 27182007 |
| identification of a new genotype of african swine fever virus in domestic pigs from ethiopia. | african swine fever (asf) is an important emerging transboundary animal disease (tad), which currently has an impact on many countries in africa, eastern europe, the caucasus and the russian federation. the current situation in europe shows the ability of the virus to rapidly spread, which stands to threaten the global swine industry. at present, there is no viable vaccine to minimize spread of the disease and stamping out is the main source of control. in february 2011, ethiopia had reported it ... | 2016 | 27211823 |
| diagnosis and genotyping of african swine fever viruses from 2015 outbreaks in zambia. | in early 2015, a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs resembling african swine fever (asf) occurred in north western, copperbelt, and lusaka provinces of zambia. molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction targeting specific amplification of p72 (b646l) gene of asf virus (asfv) was conducted. fourteen out of 16 domestic pigs from the affected provinces were found to be positive for asfv. phylogenetic analyses based on part of the p72 and the complete p54 (e183l) genes revealed ... | 2016 | 27247062 |
| establishment and characterization of a chimeric infectious cdna clone of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes a highly contagious disease among swine that has an important economic impact worldwide. there are two important csfv strains in china, shimen and hog cholera lapinized virus (hclv). shimen strain is highly virulent while hclv, also referred to as c-strain, is a live attenuated vaccine strain considered to be one of the most effective and safest live vaccines. in this study, a chimeric infectious cdna clone of csfv named pt7sm-c was engineered by replaci ... | 2016 | 27265471 |
| piglets with maternally derived antibodies from sows immunized with radv-sfv-e2 were completely protected against lethal csfv challenge. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). to facilitate the eradication of csf in endemic areas, a marker vaccine enabling differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) is urgently needed. previously, we have demonstrated that the diva vaccine radv-sfv-e2, an adenovirus-vectored semliki forest virus replicon expressing the e2 glycoprotein of csfv, induces complete protection from lethal csfv chal ... | 2016 | 27283854 |
| establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ... | 2016 | 27287433 |
| classical swine fever virus ns5a protein changed inflammatory cytokine secretion in porcine alveolar macrophages by inhibiting the nf-κb signaling pathway. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by csf virus (csfv) is a highly contagious disease of the pigs. a number of studies have suggested that csfv non-structural (ns) 5a protein is involved in csfv-associated pathogenesis, but its mechanism is still uncertain. the aim of this study was to investigate the roles of ns5a protein in csfv-associated pathogenesis in cultured porcine alveolar macrophages (pams). | 2016 | 27296632 |
| enhanced protective immunity of the chimeric vector-based vaccine radv-sfv-e2 against classical swine fever in pigs by a salmonella bacterial ghost adjuvant. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious swine disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). previously, we demonstrated that radv-sfv-e2, an adenovirus-delivered, semliki forest virus replicon-vectored marker vaccine against csf, is able to protect pigs against lethal csfv challenge. from an economical point of view, it will be beneficial to reduce the minimum effective dose of the vaccine. this study was designed to test the adjuvant effects of salmonella enteritidis-derived ... | 2016 | 27301745 |
| pre-clinical evaluation of a real-time pcr assay on a portable instrument as a possible field diagnostic tool: experiences from the testing of clinical samples for african and classical swine fever viruses. | african swine fever (asf) and classical swine fever (csf) are two highly infectious transboundary animal diseases (tads) that are serious threats to the pig industry worldwide, including in china, the world's largest pork producer. in this study, a duplex real-time pcr assay was developed for the rapid detection and differentiation of african swine fever virus (asfv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). the assay was performed on a portable, battery-powered pcr thermocycler with a low sample ... | 2016 | 27311689 |
| hypervariable antigenic region 1 of classical swine fever virus e2 protein impacts antibody neutralization. | envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the major antigen that induces neutralizing antibodies and confers protection against csfv infection. there are three hypervariable antigenic regions (har1, har2 and har3) of e2 that are different between the group 1 vaccine c-strain and group 2 clinical isolates. this study was aimed to characterize the antigenic epitope region recognized by monoclonal antibody 4f4 (mab-4f4) that is present in the group 2 field isolate hz1-08, bu ... | 2016 | 27317266 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel sub-subgenotype 2.1g isolate of classical swine fever virus from china. | current subgenotype 2.1 isolates of classical swine fever virus (csfv) play a dominant role in csf outbreaks in china, and a novel sub-subgenotype 2.1g of csfv was recently identified, but the complete genome sequence of this new sub-subgenotype has not been reported. in this study, complete genome of 2.1g isolate gd19/2011 collected from guangdong province of china in 2011 was sequenced. it was found to be 12,298 nucleotides (nt) in length, including a 375-nt 5'utr, a 11,697-nt opening reading ... | 2016 | 27318930 |
| a synthetic molecular system capable of mirror-image genetic replication and transcription. | the overwhelmingly homochiral nature of life has left a puzzle as to whether mirror-image biological systems based on a chirally inverted version of molecular machinery could also have existed. here we report that two key steps in the central dogma of molecular biology, the template-directed polymerization of dna and transcription into rna, can be catalysed by a chemically synthesized d-amino acid polymerase on an l-dna template. we also show that two chirally mirrored versions of the 174-residu ... | 2016 | 27325097 |
| different rna splicing mechanisms contribute to diverse infective outcome of classical swine fever viruses of differing virulence: insights from the deep sequencing data in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells. | molecular mechanisms underlying rna splicing regulation in response to viral infection are poorly understood. classical swine fever (csf), one of the most economically important and highly contagious swine diseases worldwide, is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). here, we used high-throughput sequencing to obtain the digital gene expression (dge) profile in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (suvec) to identify different response genes for csfv by using both shimen and c strains. ... | 2016 | 27330868 |
| pestivirus npro directly interacts with interferon regulatory factor 3 monomer and dimer. | interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) is a transcription factor involved in the activation of type i alpha/beta interferon (ifn-α/β) in response to viral infection. upon viral infection, the irf3 monomer is activated into a phosphorylated dimer, which induces the transcription of interferon genes in the nucleus. viruses have evolved several ways to target irf3 in order to subvert the innate immune response. pestiviruses, such as classical swine fever virus (csfv), target irf3 for ubiquitination ... | 2016 | 27334592 |
| a rapid strategy for the isolation of new faustoviruses from environmental samples using vermamoeba vermiformis. | the isolation of giant viruses is of great interest in this new era of virology, especially since these giant viruses are related to protists. giant viruses may be potentially pathogenic for many species of protists. they belong to the recently described order of megavirales. the new lineage faustovirus that has been isolated from sewage samples is distantly related to the mammalian pathogen african swine fever virus. this virus is also specific to its amoebal host, vermamoeba vermiformis, a pro ... | 2016 | 27341059 |
| genetic diversity of ruminant pestivirus strains collected in northern ireland between 1999 and 2011 and the role of live ruminant imports. | the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae includes bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus. the two recognised genotypes of bvdv are divided into subtypes based on phylogenetic analysis, namely a-p for bvdv-1 and a-c for bvdv-2. | 2015 | 27354911 |
| a mathematical model that simulates control options for african swine fever virus (asfv). | a stochastic model designed to simulate transmission dynamics of african swine fever virus (asfv) in a free-ranging pig population under various intervention scenarios is presented. the model was used to assess the relative impact of the timing of the implementation of different control strategies on disease-related mortality. the implementation of biosecurity measures was simulated through incorporation of a decay function on the transmission rate. the model predicts that biosecurity measures i ... | 2016 | 27391689 |
| development of a duplex lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against african and classical swine fever viruses. | classical swine fever (csf) and african swine fever (asf) are both highly contagious diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar and are clinically indistinguishable. for both diseases, antibody detection is an integral and crucial part of prevention and control measures. the purpose of our study was to develop and initially validate a duplex pen-side test for simultaneous detection and differentiation of specific antibodies against csf virus (csfv) and asf virus (asfv). the test was based on the ma ... | 2016 | 27400954 |
| absence of autophagy promotes apoptosis by modulating the ros-dependent rlr signaling pathway in classical swine fever virus-infected cells. | a growing number of studies have demonstrated that both macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis are important inner mechanisms of cell to maintain homeostasis and participate in the host response to pathogens. we have previously reported that a functional autophagy pathway is trigged by infection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and is required for viral replication and release in host cells. however, the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis in csfv-infected cells has not been clarified. in ... | 2016 | 27463126 |
| the challenge of detecting classical swine fever virus circulation in wild boar (sus scrofa): simulation of sampling options. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important viral diseases of domestic pigs ( sus scrofa domesticus) and wild boar ( sus scrofa ). for at least 4 decades, several european union member states were confronted with outbreaks among wild boar and, as it had been shown that infected wild boar populations can be a major cause of primary outbreaks in domestic pigs, strict control measures for both species were implemented. to guarantee early detection and to demonstrate freedom from diseas ... | 2016 | 27479901 |
| genetic characterization of circulating african swine fever viruses in nigeria (2007-2015). | sequencing and analysis of three discrete genome regions of african swine fever viruses (asfv) from archival samples collected in 2007-2011 and active and passive surveillance between 2012 and 2015 in nigeria were carried out. analysis was conducted by genotyping of three single-copy african swine fever (asf) genes. the e183l and b646l genes that encode structural proteins p54 and p72, respectively, were utilized to delineate genotypes before intragenotypic resolution by characterization of the ... | 2016 | 27480888 |
| erratum to: classical swine fever virus ns5a protein changed inflammatory cytokine secretion in porcine alveolar macrophages by inhibiting the nf-κb signaling pathway. | 2016 | 27488364 | |
| entry of classical swine fever virus into pk-15 cells via a ph-, dynamin-, and cholesterol-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway that requires rab5 and rab7. | classical swine fever virus (csfv), a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae, is a small, enveloped, positive-strand rna virus. due to its economic importance to the pig industry, the biology and pathogenesis of csfv have been investigated extensively. however, the mechanisms of csfv entry into cells are not well characterized. in this study, we used systematic approaches to dissect csfv cell entry. we first observed that csfv infection was inhibited by chloroquine and nh4 ... | 2016 | 27489278 |
| the ep152r orf of african swine fever virus strain georgia encodes for an essential gene that interacts with host protein bag6. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the viral genome encodes for more than 150 genes, and only a select few of these genes have been studied in some detail. here we report the characterization of open reading frame ep152r that has a predicted complement control module/scr domain. this domain is found in vaccinia virus proteins that are involved in blo ... | 2016 | 27497620 |
| antigenic characterization of classical swine fever virus yc11wb isolates from wild boar. | classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar, has serious economic implications. the present study examined the virulence and transmission of strain yc11wb (isolated from a wild boar in 2011) in breeding wild boar. virulence in domestic pigs was also examined. based on the severe clinical signs and high mortality observed among breeding wild boar, the pathogenicity of strain yc11wb resembled that of typical acute csf. surprisingly, in contrast ... | 2016 | 27515269 |
| deletion of african swine fever virus interferon inhibitors from the genome of a virulent isolate reduces virulence in domestic pigs and induces a protective response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes multiple copies of mgf360 and mgf530/505 gene families. these genes have been implicated in the modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we investigated the effect of modulating the ifn response on virus attenuation and induction of protective immunity by deleting genes mgf360 (mgf360-10l, 11l, 12l, 13l, 14l) and mgf530/505 (mgf530/505-1r, 2r and 3r) and interrupting genes (mgf360-9l and mgf530/505-4r) in the genome of the virulent asfv isolate ... | 2016 | 27521231 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| sequence adaptations during growth of rescued classical swine fever viruses in cell culture and within infected pigs. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes an economically important disease of swine. four different viruses were rescued from full-length cloned cdnas derived from the paderborn strain of csfv. three of these viruses had been modified by mutagenesis (with 7 or 8 nt changes) within stem 2 of the subdomain iiif of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) that directs the initiation of protein synthesis. rescued viruses were inoculated into pigs. the rescued vpader10 virus, without modifications in ... | 2016 | 27527774 |
| rapid detection of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by a fluorescent probe-based isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay. | a novel fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time rt-rpa) assay was developed for rapid detection of highly pathogenic type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). the sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 70 copies of hp-prrsv rna/reaction. the real-time rt-rpa highly specific amplified hp-prrsv with no cross-reaction with classic prrsv, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus ... | 2016 | 27534870 |
| classical swine fever virus replicated poorly in cells from mxa transgenic pigs. | in addition to their value as livestock, pigs are susceptible to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and can serve as reservoirs for csfv, allowing it to develop into an epizootic. csfv, a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, has a single-stranded rna genome. recent research has indicated that the human mxa protein inhibits the life cycles of certain rna viruses, such as members of the bunyaviridae family, the flaviviridae family and others. | 2016 | 27535023 |
| characterization of the atypical lymphocytes in african swine fever. | atypical lymphocytes usually described as lymphocytes with altered shape, increased dna amount, and larger size. for analysis of cause of genesis and source of atypical lymphocytes during african swine fever virus (asfv) infection, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and in vitro model were investigated. | 2016 | 27536044 |
| in vitro inhibition of african swine fever virus-topoisomerase ii disrupts viral replication. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a highly-contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic impact in affected countries. to date, neither a vaccine nor a selective anti-viral drug are available for prevention or treatment of african swine fever (asf), emphasizing the need for more detailed studies at the role of asfv proteins involved in viral dna replication and transcription. notably, asfv encodes for a functional type ii topoisomeras ... | 2016 | 27568922 |
| experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for african swine fever virus, georgia 2007/1 strain- corrigendum. | 2016 | 27573924 | |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus by isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of swine reproductive failure and reported in many countries worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (ppv real-time rpa assay) and a lateral flow dipstick (ppv rpa lfd assay) were developed targeting ppv ns1 gene. the detection limit of ppv real-time rpa assay was 300 copies per reaction within 9 min at 38 °c, while the rpa lfd assay has a detection limit of 400 copies per reaction in less than ... | 2016 | 27593155 |
| impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2 infection on the potency of the classical swine fever vaccine (lom strain). | the classical swine fever (csf) vaccine, which is derived from the lom strain of the csf virus (csfv), induces protective immunity against csfv infection. however, several factors influence vaccine efficacy. evidence suggests that infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and/or porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) reduces the efficacy of several vaccines. here, we examined the effect of prrsv or pcv2 alone or co-infection by prrsv/pcv2 on the potency of the lom vaccine in ... | 2016 | 27599928 |
| evolution of african swine fever virus genes related to evasion of host immune response. | african swine fever (asf) is a notifiable and one of the most complex and devastating infectious disease of pigs, wild boars and other representatives of suidae family. african swine fever virus (asfv) developed various molecular mechanisms to evade host immune response including alteration of interferon production by multigene family protein (mgf505-2r), inhibition of nf-κb and nuclear activating factor in t-cells by the a238l protein, or modulation of host defense by cd2v lectin-like protein e ... | 2016 | 27599940 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of animal-used quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against mycobacteria, mycoplasma and fungi. | the quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) were known as potent antibacterial agents. for the purpose of evaluating the bioactivity of existing animal-used qdnos drugs against representative pathogenic microorganism, the representative drugs of quinoxalines including cyadox, mequindox, quinocetone and their metabolites were submitted to the in vitro evaluation for antituberculosis, antimycoplasma, antifungal and antiviral activities. | 2016 | 27600955 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (mek2), a novel e2-interacting protein, promotes the growth of classical swine fever virus via attenuation of the jak-stat signaling pathway. | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (mek1/2/erk1/2) cascade is involved in the replication of several members of the flaviviridae family including hepatitis c virus and dengue virus. the effects of the cascade on the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), a fatal pestivirus of pigs, remain unknown. in this study, mek2 was identified as a novel binding partner of the e2 protein of csfv using yeast two-hybrid screening. the e2-mek2 interaction was con ... | 2016 | 27605672 |
| alteration of a second putative fusion peptide of structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus alters virus replication and virulence in swine. | e2, the major envelope glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv), is involved in several critical virus functions, including cell attachment, host range susceptibility, and virulence in natural hosts. functional structural analysis of e2 based on a wimley-white interfacial hydrophobicity distribution predicted the involvement of a loop (residues 864 to 881) stabilized by a disulfide bond ((869)ckwggnwtcv(878), named fpii) in establishing interactions with the host cell membrane. this lo ... | 2016 | 27605674 |
| evidence for the presence of african swine fever virus in an endemic region of western kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak. | african swine fever (asf), caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs, outbreaks of which can have a devastating impact upon commercial and small-holder pig production. pig production in western kenya is characterised by low-input, free-range systems practised by poor farmers keeping between two and ten pigs. these farmers are particularly vulnerable to the catastrophic loss of livestock assets experienced in an asf outbreak. this study wished to expand ... | 2016 | 27608711 |
| detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant protein 30 (p30) dual matrix indirect elisa. | in the absence of effective vaccine(s), control of african swine fever caused by african swine fever virus (asfv) must be based on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. for this purpose, we developed an indirect elisa capable of detecting asfv antibodies in either serum or oral fluid specimens. the recombinant protein used in the elisa was selected by comparing the early serum antibody response of asfv-infected pigs (nhv-p68 isolate) to three m ... | 2016 | 27611939 |
| pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are protected from subgenotype heterologous classical swine fever virus challenge. | classical swine fever (csf) or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus (mlv) vaccines to prevent and control csf. however, it is impossible to serologically differentiate mlv vaccinated pigs from those infected with csf virus (csfv). the aim of this study is to develop a one-dose e2-subunit vaccine that can provide protection against csfv challenge. we hypothesize that a vaccine consisting of a suitabl ... | 2016 | 27612954 |
| induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored african swine fever virus antigens. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) ... | 2016 | 27628166 |
| development of a novel lateral flow assay for detection of african swine fever in blood. | african swine fever (asf) is a viral infectious disease of domestic and wild suids of all breeds and ages, causing a wide range of hemorrhagic syndromes and frequently characterized by high mortality. the disease is endemic in sub-saharan africa and sardinia. since 2007, it has also been present in different countries of eastern europe, where control measures have not been effective so far. the continued spread poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. in the absence of vaccine, ea ... | 2016 | 27633968 |
| apigenin inhibits african swine fever virus infection in vitro. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of asfv in vero cells. our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-asfv effect of apigenin in vitro. time-of-addition experime ... | 2016 | 27638776 |
| isolation and characterization of a moderately virulent classical swine fever virus emerging in china. | classical swine fever (csf) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in china, csf has been under control owing to extensive vaccination with the lapinized attenuated vaccine (c-strain) since 1950s, despite sporadic or endemic in many regions. however, recently, csf outbreaks occurred in a large number of swine herds in china. here, we isolated 15 csfv strains from diverse c-strain-vaccinated pig farms in china and characterized the genetic variat ... | 2016 | 27658930 |
| editorial: control of pestivirus infections in the management of wildlife populations. | 2016 | 27660626 | |
| t-cell factor-4 and mhc upregulation in pigs receiving a live attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine strain with interferon-gamma adjuvant. | the effect of co-administration of interferon (ifn)-γ in pigs undergoing vaccination with an attenuated strain (lpc) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was investigated. unvaccinated pigs demonstrated pyrexia and died 7-9 days after challenge with virulent csfv. pigs receiving the attenuated vaccine remained healthy after virus challenge, except for mild, transient pyrexia, whereas pigs receiving ifn-γ simultaneously with the vaccine demonstrated normal body temperatures after virus challenge ... | 2016 | 27687943 |
| development of an updated pcr assay for detection of african swine fever virus. | due to the current unavailability of vaccines or treatments for african swine fever (asf), which is caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), rapid and reliable detection of the virus is essential for timely implementation of emergency control measures and differentiation of asf from other swine diseases with similar clinical presentations. here, an improved pcr assay was developed and evaluated for sensitive and universal detection of asfv. primers specific for asfv were designed based on the ... | 2017 | 27714502 |
| challenges for african swine fever vaccine development-"… perhaps the end of the beginning." | african swine fever (asf), an acute, viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%, is arguably the most significant emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. devastating asf outbreaks and continuing epidemic in the caucasus region and russia (2007-to date) highlight significance of this disease threat. there is no vaccine for asf, thus leaving animal slaughter the only effective disease control option. it is clear, however, that vaccination is ... | 2016 | 27756505 |
| identification of cleavage of ns5a of c-strain classical swine fever virus. | ns5a is a multifunctional non-structural protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) that plays an important role in viral replication, but how it exerts its functions is unknown. here, we report the cleavage of ns5a of the vaccine c-strain, resulting in two truncated forms (b and c). further experiments using calpain- and caspase-family-specific inhibitors, followed by a caspase-6-specific shrnas and inhibitor, showed that the cleavage of c-strain ns5a to produce truncated form c is mediated ... | 2017 | 27766426 |
| african swine fever virus: a new old enemy of europe | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine with a mortality rate approaching 100 percent. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a double-stranded dna virus with a complex molecular structure. its large genome, encoding multiple virulence factors, allows for efficient replication, which takes place predominantly in the cytoplasm of monocytes and macrophages. also, asfv has the ability to interfere with cell signalling pathways, which leads to various modulations in the ... | 2016 | 27770755 |
| caveolin-1-mediated endocytic pathway is involved in classical swine fever virus shimen infection of porcine alveolar macrophages. | macrophages are at the frontline of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. however, very little is known about the cell invasion mechanism of classical swine fever virus (csfv) shimen strain. to elucidate the infective mechanism of this important pathogen, we screened deep-sequencing data derived from macrophages infected with csfv shimen and uninfected macrophages, and identified a role of caveolin-1 (cav1). digital gene expression profiling showed that cav1 was differentially expressed in ... | 2016 | 27771074 |
| association of the host immune response with protection using a live attenuated african swine fever virus model. | african swine fever (asf) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by a double-stranded dna virus, asf virus (asfv). there is no vaccine to prevent the disease and current control measures are limited to culling and restricting animal movement. swine infected with attenuated strains are protected against challenge with a homologous virulent virus, but there is limited knowledge of the host immune mechanisms generating that protection. swine infected with pretoriuskop/96/4 (pret4) virus de ... | 2016 | 27782090 |
| simultaneous deletion of the 9gl and uk genes from the african swine fever virus georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. successful experimental vaccines have been derived from naturally occurring, cell culture-adapted, or genetically modified live attenuated asfv. recombinant viruses harboring engineered deletions of specific virulence ... | 2017 | 27795430 |
| identification and genetic characterization of classical swine fever virus isolates in brazil: a new subgenotype. | the classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs and wild boar. the csf causes great economic losses for pork production and the occurrence of the disease is notifiable to the oie. the objective of this work was to identify and characterize csf virus isolates from brazil. seven viral isolates were obtained and the full-length e2 sequences were analyzed. phylogenetic analysis revealed a different segregation pattern between brazilian isolates and members of subgenotype ... | 2017 | 27815697 |
| the european classical swine fever virus database: blueprint for a pathogen-specific sequence database with integrated sequence analysis tools. | molecular epidemiology has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of diseases and in tracing the infection routes of pathogens. due to advances in conventional sequencing and the development of high throughput technologies, the field of sequence determination is in the process of being revolutionized. platforms for sharing sequence information and providing standardized tools for phylogenetic analyses are becoming increasingly important. the database (db) of the european union (eu) and wo ... | 2016 | 27827988 |
| molecular detection of torque teno sus virus and coinfection with african swine fever virus in blood samples of pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria. | torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b) infection is present in pig herds worldwide. this study investigated the prevalence of ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b infections in domestic pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria as well as coinfection with african swine fever virus (asfv) and described the phylogeny in relation to global strains. one hundred and eighty-one (181) blood samples from four slaughterhouses were used for the study and viral nucleic acid detection was carried out by pcr. comparative sequ ... | 2016 | 27833640 |
| complete genome sequence of an african swine fever virus isolate from sardinia, italy. | previous genetic characterization of african swine fever virus isolates from the italian island of sardinia, where the virus has been present since 1978, has largely been limited to a few selected genomic regions. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the isolate 47/ss/08 collected during an outbreak in 2008. | 2016 | 27856577 |
| influence of age and dose of african swine fever virus infections on clinical outcome and blood parameters in pigs. | african swine fever (asf) is a fatal disease for domestic pigs, leading to serious economic losses in countries where asf is endemic. despite extensive research, efficient vaccines against asf are lacking. since peripheral blood cells are important mediators for vaccines, we study the impact of asf on blood parameters in pigs with different ages and infected with different doses of asf virus. four different groups were studied: (1) 12 weeks of age/low virus dose; (2) 12 weeks of age/high virus d ... | 2017 | 27875662 |
| quasispecies composition and diversity do not reveal any predictors for chronic classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever (csf) can run acute, chronic, and prenatal courses in both domestic pigs and wild boar. although chronic infections are rare events, their epidemiological impact is very high due to the long-term shedding of virus. so far, little is known about the factors that influence disease course and outcome from either the host or virus's perspective. to elucidate the viral determinants, we analyzed the role of the viral populations for the development of chronic csf virus (csfv) inf ... | 2017 | 27885563 |
| competitive replication kinetics and pathogenicity in pigs co-infected with historical and newly invading classical swine fever viruses. | classical swine fever (csf), an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs, is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in taiwan, csfvs from field outbreaks belong to two distinct genotypes. the historical genotype 3.4 dominated from the 1920s to 1996, and since 1996, the newly invading genotype 2.1 has dominated. to explain the phenomenon of this virus shift in the field, representative viruses belonging to genotypes 2.1 and 3.4 were either inoculated alone (single infec ... | 2017 | 27889614 |
| genetically edited pigs lacking cd163 show no resistance following infection with the african swine fever virus isolate, georgia 2007/1. | african swine fever is a highly contagious, often fatal disease of swine for which there is no vaccine or other curative treatment. the macrophage marker, cd163, is a putative receptor for african swine fever virus (asfv). pigs possessing a complete knockout of cd163 on macrophages were inoculated with georgia 2007/1, a genotype 2 isolate. knockout and wild type pen mates became infected and showed no differences in clinical signs, mortality, pathology or viremia. there was also no difference fo ... | 2017 | 27898335 |
| preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of african swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs; it has a drastic impact on the pig industry, causing serious socio-economic consequences to pig farmers and pork producers. in europe, there are currently two main clusters of infection; one in sardinia caused by strains of african swine fever virus (asfv) belonging to genotype i and another in eastern europe caused by strains of asfv belonging to genotype ii. the latter is inducing an acute form of asf and it represents a ser ... | 2016 | 27899125 |
| different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated african swine fever virus isolate ourt88/3. | this study compares different combinations of doses and routes of immunisation of pigs with low virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) genotype i isolate ourt88/3, including the intramuscular and intranasal route, the latter not previously tested. intranasal immunisations with low and moderate doses (10(3) and 10(4) tcid50) of ourt88/3 provided complete protection (100%) against challenge with virulent genotype i ourt88/1 isolate. only mild and transient clinical reactions were observed in pr ... | 2017 | 27908827 |
| variations in clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions of african swine fever in domestic pigs in the southern highlands of tanzania: a field experience. | african swine fever is a contagious viral disease responsible for up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. a longitudinal study was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions in affected pigs in mbeya region, tanzania during the 2010 to 2014 outbreaks. data were collected during clinical and postmortem examination by field veterinarians and using a structured questionnaire. a total of 118 respondents (100%) showed awareness about african swin ... | 2017 | 27915438 |
| up-regulation of il-10 upon prrsv vaccination impacts on the immune response against csfv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection negatively impacts the efficacy of classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine. this paper investigates whether the prrsv vaccine also impacts the csfv vaccine and if the impact is time-related. forty-eight piglets born from four sows were divided into five groups (g1-g5). the piglets in g1 to g4 were given prrsv vaccine at 14, 21, 28 and 35days of age. the g5 group was not vaccinated with the prrsv. all pigs were given the csf ... | 2016 | 27938685 |
| efficacy of the marker vaccine radv-sfv-e2 against classical swine fever in the presence of maternally derived antibodies to radv-sfv-e2 or c-strain. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in order to eradicate csf, many marker vaccines that allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) have been developed. in our previous studies, a diva csf vaccine radv-sfv-e2 has been demonstrated to completely protect pigs against lethal csfv challenge. in the context of risk assessments for an emergency vaccination scenario, the question has been raised whether pre ... | 2016 | 27939155 |
| african swine fever virus gets undressed: new insights on the entry pathway. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large, multienveloped dna virus composed of a genome-containing core successively wrapped by an inner lipid envelope, an icosahedral protein capsid, and an outer lipid envelope. in keeping with this structural complexity, recent studies have revealed an intricate entry program. this gem highlights how asfv uses two alternative pathways, macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, to enter into the host macrophage and how the endocytosed particles und ... | 2017 | 27974557 |
| self-replicating rna. | self-replicating rna derived from the genomes of positive strand rna viruses represents a powerful tool for both molecular studies on virus biology and approaches to novel safe and effective vaccines. the following chapter summarizes the principles how such rnas can be established and used for design of vaccines. due to the large variety of strategies needed to circumvent specific pitfalls in the design of such constructs the technical details of the experiments are not described here but can be ... | 2017 | 27987141 |
| functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rb2l) of orf virus. | orf, or contagious ecthyma, a highly contagious transboundary disease of sheep and goats, is caused by a double-stranded dna virus (orfv) belonging to the genus parapoxvirus of the family poxviridae. the orfv genome encodes the major envelope proteins b2l and f1l, which have been found to be highly immunogenic and have multiple functional characteristics. in order to investigate the functional properties of the b2l protein, in this study, the b2l gene of orfv strain 59/05, encoding recombinant m ... | 2017 | 27995337 |
| unraveling the armor of a killer: evasion of host defenses by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease of pigs. extensive recent spread in the russian federation and eastern europe has increased the risk to global pig production. the virus is a large dna virus and is the only member of the asfarviridae family. in pigs, the virus replicates predominantly in macrophages. we review how the virus overcomes the barriers to replication in the macrophage and the virus mechanism to inhibit key host defense pathways. | 2017 | 28031363 |
| structural insight into african swine fever virus a179l-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. | programmed cell death is a tightly controlled process critical for the removal of damaged or infected cells. pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the bcl-2 family are pivotal mediators of this process. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus, the only member of the asfarviridae family, and harbors a179l, a putative bcl-2 like protein. a179l has been shown to bind to several proapoptotic bcl-2 proteins; however, the hierarchy of binding and the structural basis for apoptosis inhibitio ... | 2017 | 28053104 |
| rope-based oral fluid sampling for early detection of classical swine fever in domestic pigs at group level. | non-invasive sampling techniques based on the analysis of oral fluid specimen have gained substantial importance in the field of swine herd management. methodological advances have a focus on endemic viral diseases in commercial pig production. more recently, these approaches have been adapted to non-invasive sampling of wild boar for transboundary animal disease detection for which these effective population level sampling methods have not been available. in this study, a rope-in-a-bait based o ... | 2017 | 28056961 |
| characterization of the interaction of african swine fever virus with monocytes and derived macrophage subsets. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating disease for which there is no vaccine available. the asf virus (asfv) primarily infects cells of the myeloid lineage and this tropism is thought to be crucial for disease pathogenesis. a detailed in vitro characterization of the interactions of a virulent sardinian isolate (22653/14) and a tissue culture adapted avirulent strain (ba71v) of asfv with porcine monocytes, un-activated (momφ), classically (mom1) and alternatively (mom2) activated monocyte-de ... | 2017 | 28062012 |
| evidence of hemolysis in pigs infected with highly virulent african swine fever virus. | the research was conducted to understand more profoundly the pathogenetic aspects of the acute form of the african swine fever (asf). | 2016 | 28096614 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus infection by individual oral fluid of pigs following experimental inoculation. | we evaluated the use of oral fluid as an alternative to serum samples for classical swine fever virus (csfv) detection. individual oral fluid and serum samples were collected at different times post-infection from pigs that were experimentally inoculated with csfv alfort 187 strain. we found no evidence of csfv neutralizing antibodies in swine oral fluid samples under our experimental conditions. in contrast, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction could detect csfv nucleic aci ... | 2017 | 28114861 |
| biological characterization of african swine fever virus genotype ii strains from north-eastern estonia in european wild boar. | due to its impact on animal health and pig industry, african swine fever (asf) is regarded as one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. following the ongoing epidemic in the transcaucasian countries and the russian federation, african swine fever virus was introduced into the estonian wild boar population in 2014. epidemiological investigations suggested two different introductions into the southern and the north-eastern part of estonia. interestingly, outbreak characteristics varied con ... | 2017 | 28116841 |
| the effect of classical swine fever virus ns5a and ns5a mutants on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in swine testicular cells. | infection with classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in highly significant economic losses; this infection is characterized by being highly contagious and accompanied by hyperthermia and systemic bleeding. oxidative stress (os) plays a critical role in the pathological process of viral infection. the function of the nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) in the pathogenesis of csfv has not been completely understood. here, os and the inflammatory response were studied with ns5a and substitution mu ... | 2017 | 28142057 |