Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| association between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigen results and presence of acanthocheilonema odendhali microfilaria in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | this study establishes a relationship between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) test results frequently observed in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and infection with the filarid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali. four commercially available canine heartworm antigen tests were evaluated for cross-reaction with a. odendhali in california sea lions. sera were tested from fifteen california sea lions with a. odendhali-associated microfilaremia, confirmed by blood smea ... | 2016 | 27010261 |
| intraperitoneal dextrose administration as an alternative emergency treatment for hypoglycemic yearling california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the marine mammal center (tmmc) cares for malnourished california sea lion (csl) (zalophus californianus) pups and yearlings every year. hypoglycemia is a common consequence of malnutrition in young csls. administering dextrose during a hypoglycemic crisis is vital to recovery. traditional veterinary approaches to treat hypoglycemia pose therapeutic challenges in otariids, as vascular access and catheter maintenance can be difficult. the current approach to a hypoglycemic episode at tmmc is to a ... | 2016 | 27010266 |
| clinicopathologic features of mammary masses in captive lions (panthera leo). | a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of 330 pathology accessions from 285 different lions found 15 captive, female african lions (panthera leo) with confirmed mammary masses. aside from the presence of a mammary mass, the most common initial clinical sign was inappetence. histologic diagnoses were predominantly adenocarcinoma (n = 12), though two benign masses (mammary hyperplasia and a mammary cyst) and one squamous cell carcinoma were identified. nine of 13 malignant tumors had metasta ... | 2016 | 27010273 |
| identification of respiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of three species of pinnipeds (arctocephalus australis, arctocephalus gazella, and otaria flavescens) in southern brazil. | in order to improve understanding of parasitism in south american pinnipeds, respiratory and gastrointestinal samples were collected from 12 arctocephalus australis (south american fur seal), one arctocephalus gazella (antarctic fur seal), and one otaria flavescens (south american sea lion). ova and larvae were microscopically identified from fecal samples and respiratory secretions collected from live a. australis undergoing rehabilitation at centro de recuperação de animais marinhos (cram-furg ... | 2016 | 27010274 |
| development of retrobulbar and auriculopalpebral nerve blocks in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | eye lesions are commonly observed in pinnipeds. clinical assessment is challenging because animals are often blepharospastic and under inhalant anesthesia the globe rotates ventrally, making observation difficult. retrobulbar and auriculopalpebral nerve block techniques have been developed in other species to alleviate these difficulties and allow for a more thorough ophthalmic exam. ocular nerve block techniques were developed for california sea lions (csls) (zalophus californianus) using lidoc ... | 2016 | 27010283 |
| german children's use of word order and case marking to interpret simple and complex sentences: testing differences between constructions and lexical items. | children and adults follow cues such as case marking and word order in their assignment of semantic roles in simple transitives (e.g., the dog chased the cat). it has been suggested that the same cues are used for the interpretation of complex sentences, such as transitive relative clauses (rcs) (e.g., that's the dog that chased the cat) (bates, devescovi, & d'amico, 1999). we used a pointing paradigm to test german-speaking 3-, 4-, and 6-year-old children's sensitivity to case marking and word ... | 2016 | 27019652 |
| characterization of the microbial communities in the ant lion euroleon coreanus (okamoto) (neuroptera: myrmeleontidae). | euroleon coreanus (okamoto) is widely distributed in china, and the larval stage can be treated as traditional chinese medicine. however, the host-bacterium relationship remains unexplored, as there is a lack of knowledge on the microbial community of ant lions. hence, in the current study, we explored the microbial community of the larval ant lion e. coreanus using illumina miseq sequencing. results indicated that a total of 10 phyla, 126 genera, and 145 species were characterized from the seco ... | 2016 | 27021349 |
| pathology and epidemiology of stillbirth in new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) from enderby island, auckland islands, 1998-2012. | stillbirth is a small and often cryptic fraction of neonatal mortality in mammals including pinnipeds. as part of an investigation into the poor reproductive success of the endangered new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri), archived tissues from 37 stillborn pups born on enderby island between 1998 and 2012 were examined using histopathological techniques. apart from bronchopneumonia with neutrophilic infiltration in 4 cases, few inflammatory conditions were identified in stillborn pups. howe ... | 2016 | 27034387 |
| colony location and captivity influence the gut microbial community composition of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | gut microbiota play an important role in maintenance of mammalian metabolism and immune system regulation, and disturbances to this community can have adverse impacts on animal health. to better understand the composition of gut microbiota in marine mammals, fecal bacterial communities of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), an endangered pinniped with localized distribution, were examined. a comparison of samples from individuals across 11 wild colonies in south and western australia and ... | 2016 | 27037116 |
| estimating wildlife disease dynamics in complex systems using an approximate bayesian computation framework. | emerging infectious diseases of wildlife are of increasing concern to managers and conservation policy makers, but are often difficult to study and predict due to the complexity of host-disease systems and a paucity of empirical data. we demonstrate the use of an approximate bayesian computation statistical framework to reconstruct the disease dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in kruger national park's lion population, despite limited empirical data on the disease's effects in lions. the modeling ... | 2016 | 27039526 |
| lions donate transplant house. | 2016 | 27039556 | |
| feliform carnivores have a distinguished constitutive innate immune response. | determining the immunological phenotype of endangered and threatened populations is important to identify those vulnerable to novel pathogens. among mammals, members of the order carnivora are particularly threatened by diseases. we therefore examined the constitutive innate immune system, the first line of protection against invading microbes, of six free-ranging carnivore species; the black-backed jackal (canis mesomelas), the brown hyena (hyena brunnea), the caracal (caracal caracal), the che ... | 2016 | 27044323 |
| trophy hunting does and will support biodiversity: a reply to ripple et al. | 2016 | 27048883 | |
| prenatal domoic acid exposure disrupts mouse pro-social behavior and functional connectivity mri. | domoic acid (da) is a toxin produced by marine algae and known primarily for its role in isolated outbreaks of amnestic shellfish poisoning and for the damage it inflicts on marine mammals, particularly california sea lions. lethal effects of da are often preceded by seizures and coma. exposure to da during development can result in subtle and highly persistent effects on brain development and include behavioral changes that resemble diagnostic features of schizophrenia and anomalies in social b ... | 2016 | 27050322 |
| anthropozoonotic endoparasites in free-ranging "urban" south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). | the present study represents the first report on the gastrointestinal endoparasite fauna of a free-ranging "urban" colony of south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) living within the city of valdivia, chile. a total of 40 individual faecal samples of south american sea lions were collected during the year 2012 within their natural habitat along the river calle-calle and in the local fish market of valdivia. coprological analyses applying sodium acetate acetic formalin methanol (saf) techniq ... | 2016 | 27051860 |
| gastric carcinoma in a south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). | a 22-year-old captive male south american sea lion (otaria flavescens) developed an undifferentiated carcinoma originating in the cardiac region of the stomach. clinical symptoms included vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. ultrasonography and endoscopy showed gastric wall thickness. at necropsy, the gastric wall had significant thickening around the cardiac region, and metastases were found in some organs. histologically, samples from the stomach wall and metastases showed the same tumor tissue ... | 2016 | 27052463 |
| seals and sea lions are what they eat, plus what? determination of trophic discrimination factors for seven pinniped species. | mixing models are a common method for quantifying the contribution of prey sources to the diet of an individual using stable isotope analysis; however, these models rely upon a known trophic discrimination factor (hereafter, tdf) that results from fractionation between prey and animal tissues. quantifying tdfs in captive animals is ideal, because diet is controlled and the proportional contributions and isotopic values of all prey items are known. | 2016 | 27060839 |
| transformation of the genital epithelial tract occurs early in california sea lion development. | an unusually high prevalence of metastatic urogenital carcinoma has been observed in free-ranging california sea lions stranded off the coast of california in the past two decades. no cases have been reported for sea lions in the relatively unpolluted gulf of california. we investigated occurrence of genital epithelial transformation in 60 sea lions (n=57 pups and 3 adult females) from the gulf of california and examined whether infection by a viral pathogen previously found to be associated wit ... | 2016 | 27069641 |
| food limitation of sea lion pups and the decline of forage off central and southern california. | california sea lions increased from approximately 50 000 to 340 000 animals in the last 40 years, and their pups are starving and stranding on beaches in southern california, raising questions about the adequacy of their food supply. we investigated whether the declining sea lion pup weight at san miguel rookery was associated with changes in abundance and quality of sardine, anchovy, rockfish and market squid forage. in the last decade off central california, where breeding female sea lions fro ... | 2016 | 27069651 |
| interspecies nuclear transfer using fibroblasts from leopard, tiger, and lion ear piece collected postmortem as donor cells and rabbit oocytes as recipients. | skin fibroblast cells were obtained from a small piece of an ear of leopard, lion, and tiger collected postmortem and attempts were made to synchronize the skin fibroblasts at g0/g1 of cell cycle using three different approaches. efficiency of the approaches was tested following interspecies nuclear transfer with rabbit oocytes as recipient cytoplasm. fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that the proportion of g0/g1 cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) when cells subjected to serum s ... | 2016 | 27071624 |
| no significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating cd4 t-cells in hiv-hcv co-infected patients (anrs co13-hepavih french cohort). | despite cannabis use being very common in patients co-infected with hiv and hepatitis c virus (hcv), its effect on these patients' immune systems remains undocumented. documenting the potential effect of cannabis use on hiv immunological markers would help caregivers make more targeted health recommendations to co-infected patients. we performed a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between cannabis use and peripheral blood cd4 t-cell measures in co-infected patients receiving antiretrovir ... | 2017 | 27073179 |
| children prefer diverse samples for inductive reasoning in the social domain. | not all samples of evidence are equally conclusive: diverse evidence is more representative than narrow evidence. prior research showed that children did not use sample diversity in evidence selection tasks, indiscriminately choosing diverse or narrow sets (tiger-mouse; tiger-lion) to learn about animals. this failure is not due to a general deficit of inductive reasoning, but reflects children's belief about the category and property at test. five- to 7 year-olds' inductive reasoning (n = 65) w ... | 2016 | 27079698 |
| lions on the ledge. | 2016 | 27082177 | |
| sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in black lion general specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. | depression is a common comorbidity among patients with type 2 diabetes. there are several reports supporting a bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes. however, there is limited data from non-western countries. therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with co-morbid depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients presenting to black lion general specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | 2016 | 27083154 |
| age estimation of african lions panthera leo by ratio of tooth areas. | improved age estimation of african lions panthera leo is needed to address a number of pressing conservation issues. here we present a formula for estimating lion age to within six months of known age based on measuring the extent of pulp closure from x-rays, or ratio of tooth areas (roar). derived from measurements taken from lions aged 3-13 years for which exact ages were known, the formula explains 92% of the total variance. the method of calculating the pulp/tooth area ratio, which has been ... | 2016 | 27089506 |
| dynamic imbalance analysis and stability control of galloping gait for a passive quadruped robot. | some imbalance and balance postures of a passive quadruped robot with a simplified mathematical model are studied. through analyzing the influence of the touchdown angle of the rear leg on the posture of the trunk during the flight phase, the stability criterion is concluded: the closer are the two moments which are the zero time of the pitching angle and the peak time of the center of mass, the better is the stability of the trunk posture during the flight phase. additionally, the validity of t ... | 2015 | 27110095 |
| conservation and monitoring of a persecuted african lion population by maasai warriors. | although africa has many threatened species and biological hot spots, there are few citizen science schemes, particularly in rural communities, and there has been limited evaluation of existing programs. we engaged traditional maasai warriors (pastoralist men aged 15 to 35) in community-based conservation and demographic monitoring of a persecuted african lion (panthera leo) population. through direct engagement, we investigated whether a citizen science approach employing local warriors, who ha ... | 2016 | 27111059 |
| cecil: a moment or a movement? analysis of media coverage of the death of a lion, panthera leo. | the killing of a satellite-tagged male lion by a trophy hunter in zimbabwe in july 2015 provoked an unprecedented media reaction. we analyse the global media response to the trophy hunting of the lion, nicknamed "cecil", a study animal in a long-term project run by oxford university's wildlife conservation research unit (wildcru). we collaborated with a media-monitoring company to investigate the development of the media coverage spatially and temporally. relevant articles were identified using ... | 2016 | 27120625 |
| mhc class ii transcription is associated with inflammatory responses in a wild marine mammal. | inflammation is one of the most important non-specific and rapid responses that a vertebrate can elicit in response to damage or a foreign insult. to date, despite increasing evidence that the innate and adaptive branches of immunity are more intricately related than previously thought, few have examined interactions between the major histocompatibility complex (mhc, a polymorphic region of the vertebrate genome that is involved with antigen presentation) and inflammation, and even less is known ... | 2016 | 27137083 |
| detection and characterization of diverse coccidian protozoa shed by california sea lions. | tissue-cyst forming coccidia in the family sarcocystidae are etiologic agents of protozoal encephalitis in marine mammals including the federally listed southern sea otter (enhydra lutris). california sea lions (zalophus californianus), whose coastal habitat overlaps with sea otters, are definitive hosts for coccidian protozoa provisionally named coccidia a, b and c. while coccidia a and b have unknown clinical effects on aquatic wildlife hosts, coccidia c is associated with severe protozoal dis ... | 2016 | 27141438 |
| implementation of organ culture storage of donor corneas: a 3 year study of its impact on the corneal transplant wait list at the lions new south wales eye bank. | organ culture corneal storage offers an extended storage time and increased donor pool and tissue assessment opportunities. in september 2011, the lions new south wales eye bank (lnsweb) moved from hypothermic storage to organ culture corneal storage. this study evaluates the impact of implementation of organ culture on donor eye retrieval and the corneal transplant waiting list over a 3 year period in nsw, australia. retrospective review of the lnsweb data from september 2011 to august 2014. ti ... | 2016 | 27142497 |
| enamel ultrastructure of fossil and modern pinnipeds: evaluating hypotheses of feeding adaptations in the extinct walrus pelagiarctos. | this study aimed to assess the enamel ultrastructure in modern otariid pinnipeds and in the extinct walrus pelagiarctos. teeth of the new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri), sea lion (phocarctos hookeri), and fossil walrus pelagiarctos thomasi were embedded, sectioned, etched, and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. the enamel of nz otariids and pelagiarctos was prismatic and moderately thick, measuring 150-450 μm on average. it consisted of transversely oriented hunter-schreger ba ... | 2016 | 27142598 |
| lions as bone accumulators? paleontological and ecological implications of a modern bone assemblage from olduvai gorge. | analytic models have been developed to reconstruct early hominin behaviour, especially their subsistence patterns, revealed mainly through taphonomic analyses of archaeofaunal assemblages. taphonomic research is used to discern which agents (carnivores, humans or both) generate the bone assemblages recovered at archaeological sites. taphonomic frameworks developed during the last decades show that the only large-sized carnivores in african biomes able to create bone assemblages are leopards and ... | 2016 | 27144649 |
| on the challenge of interpreting census data: insights from a study of an endangered pinniped. | population monitoring is vital for conservation and management. however, simple counts of animals can be misleading and this problem is exacerbated in seals (pinnipeds) where individuals spend much time foraging away from colonies. we analyzed a 13-year-series of census data of galapagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki) from the colony of caamaño, an islet in the center of the galapagos archipelago where a large proportion of animals was individually marked. based on regular resighting efforts du ... | 2016 | 27148735 |
| correction to 'food limitation of sea lion pups and the decline of forage off central and southern california'. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1098/rsos.150628.]. | 2016 | 27152229 |
| reference intervals of mineral elements in plasma of anesthetized free-ranging adult females of south american sea lion, otaria flavescens. | levels of zinc (zn), copper (cu), potassium (k), calcium (ca), magnesium (mg), and phosphorus (p) in plasma of otaria flavescens females (n = 29) were evaluated. reference intervals were established for each element, being the first report for this species. | 2016 | 27156112 |
| obituary. | june jolly, who has died at the age of 87, was an influential nurse and author who helped transform the care of children in hospital. she overturned the tradition that excluded parents from their child's bedside. she also, famously, brought a baby elephant and a lion cub into st thomas' hospital to delight children and, as nursing officer in paediatrics at the brook hospital in woolwich, london, persuaded a circus to entertain on site - dressing as a clown herself. | 2016 | 27156416 |
| impact of the 2015 el niño-southern oscillation on the abundance and foraging habits of guadalupe fur seals and california sea lions from the san benito archipelago, mexico. | the abundance of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) (csls) and guadalupe fur seals (arctocephalus philippii townsendi) (gfss) from the san benito archipelago (sba) was determined through nine monthly surveys in 2014-2015. assessment of their foraging habits was examined based on the isotopic analysis of pups (maternal indicators) (siar/siber-r). environmental variability between 2014 and 2015 was also analyzed, in terms of sea surface temperature (sst) and chlorophyll (chl-a) concentr ... | 2016 | 27171473 |
| embargo on lion hunting trophies from west africa: an effective measure or a threat to lion conservation? | the w-arly-pendjari (wap) ecosystem, shared among benin, burkina faso and niger, represents the last lion stronghold of west africa. to assess the impact of trophy hunting on lion populations in hunting areas of the wap, we analyzed trends in harvest rates from 1999 to 2014. we also investigated whether the hunting areas with higher initial hunting intensity experienced steeper declines in lion harvest between 1999 and 2014, and whether lion densities in hunting areas were lower than in national ... | 2016 | 27182985 |
| zinc isotope ratios of bones and teeth as new dietary indicators: results from a modern food web (koobi fora, kenya). | in order to explore the possibilities of using zinc (zn) stable isotope ratios as dietary indicators, we report here on the measurements of the ratio of stable isotopes of zinc ((66)zn/(64)zn, expressed here as δ(66)zn) in bioapatite (bone and dental enamel) of animals from a modern food web in the koobi fora region of the turkana basin in kenya. we demonstrate that δ(66)zn values in both bone and enamel allow a clear distinction between carnivores and herbivores from this food web. differences ... | 2016 | 27189145 |
| microvasculature of the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) eye and its functional significance. | to examine the ocular circulation in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | 2017 | 27203420 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in mainland and sub-antarctic new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) populations. | to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri), as a potential contributor to reproductive failure. | 2016 | 27211206 |
| pangolin armor: overlapping, structure, and mechanical properties of the keratinous scales. | the pangolin has a flexible dermal armor consisting of overlapping keratinous scales. although they show potential for bioinspired flexible armor, the design principles of pangolin armor are barely known. here we report on the overlapping organization, hierarchical structure (from the nano to the mesolevel), and mechanical response of scales from ground (chinese) and arboreal (african tree) pangolins. both scales exhibit the same overlapping organization, with each scale at the center of neighbo ... | 2016 | 27221793 |
| a novel pcr-rflp assay for molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and closely related species in developing countries. | cystic echinococcosis, due to echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), currently affects three million people, especially in low-income countries and results in high livestock production loss. dna-based methods demonstrated genetic variability of e. granulosus s. l., and five species were recognized to belong to the complex, including e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s) (genotypes g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (genotype g4), echinococcus ortleppi (genotype g5), echinococcus canadensis (genotypes ... | 2016 | 27225001 |
| genetic characterization and classification of human and animal sapoviruses. | sapoviruses (savs) are enteric caliciviruses that have been detected in multiple mammalian species, including humans, pigs, mink, dogs, sea lions, chimpanzees, and rats. they show a high level of diversity. a sav genome commonly encodes seven nonstructural proteins (nss), including the rna polymerase protein ns7, and two structural proteins (vp1 and vp2). we classified human and animal savs into 15 genogroups (g) based on available vp1 sequences, including three newly characterized genomes from ... | 2016 | 27228126 |
| aelurostrongylus abstrusus in wild felids of south africa. | the increasing interest on respiratory nematodes of domestic cats (felis silvestris catus) has recently stimulated several studies on their epidemiology and geographic distribution. at the same time, there are still important gaps in our knowledge of the infections caused by respiratory nematodes in wild felids. the present study investigated the occurrence of pulmonary parasites in wild hosts housed in sanctuaries and protected areas of south africa. faecal samples collected from seven species ... | 2016 | 27230016 |
| effects of a protection gradient on carnivore density and survival: an example with leopards in the luangwa valley, zambia. | human activities on the periphery of protected areas can limit carnivore populations, but measurements of the strength of such effects are limited, largely due to difficulties of obtaining precise data on population density and survival. we measured how density and survival rates of a previously unstudied leopard population varied across a gradient of protection and evaluated which anthropogenic activities accounted for observed patterns. insights into this generalist's response to human encroac ... | 2016 | 27231529 |
| use of acoustic transmitter-equipped remote sedation to aid in tracking and capture of entangled california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | free-ranging california sea lions ( zalophus californianus ) with marine debris entanglements were darted with a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and midazolam by using acoustic transmitter-equipped darts. of the 15 animals sedated, 13 (87%) reentered the water and were tracked by using a unidirectional hydrophone. sea lions that entered the water continued to surface and breathe postsedation. there were three mortalities (20%) during the course of this study due to the following: suspe ... | 2016 | 27243155 |
| hematology, serum chemistry, and early hematologic changes in free-ranging south american fur seals ( arctocephalus australis ) at guafo island, chilean patagonia. | the establishment of clinical pathology baseline data is critical to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in marine mammal groups. despite increased availability of studies on hematology and biochemistry of marine mammals, reference ranges are lacking for many populations, especially among fur seal species. during the austral summers of 2014 and 2015, we evaluated basic hematologic and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy, physically restrained south american fur seal ( arctocephalus au ... | 2016 | 27243331 |
| rod-cone based color vision in seals under photopic conditions. | marine mammals have lost the ability to express s-cone opsin, and possess only one type of m/l-cone in addition to numerous rods. as they are cone monochromats they should be color blind. however, early behavioral experiments with fur seals and sea lions indicated discrimination ability between many shades of grey and blue or green. on the other hand, most recent training experiments with harbor seals under "mesopic" conditions demonstrated rod based color blindness (scholtyssek et al., 2015). i ... | 2016 | 27245870 |
| regional variability in diving physiology and behavior in a widely distributed air-breathing marine predator, the south american sea lion (otaria byronia). | our understanding of how air-breathing marine predators cope with environmental variability is limited by our inadequate knowledge of their ecological and physiological parameters. because of their wide distribution along both coasts of the sub-continent, south american sea lions (otaria byronia) provide a valuable opportunity to study the behavioral and physiological plasticity of a marine predator in different environments. we measured the oxygen stores and diving behavior of south american se ... | 2016 | 27247316 |
| new regression formula for toric intraocular lens calculations. | to evaluate and compare the accuracy of 2 toric intraocular lens (iol) calculators with or without a new regression formula. | 2016 | 27255241 |
| gene changes may minimize masculinizing and defeminizing influences of exposure to male cotwins in female callitrichine primates. | sexual differentiation in female mammals can be altered by the proximity of male littermates in utero, a phenomenon known as the intrauterine position effect (iup). among simian primates, callitrichines (marmosets and tamarins) are likely candidates for iup, since they exhibit obligate dizygotic twinning and fetuses share extensive vascularization in utero. in this paper, we determined whether female reproductive parameters are altered by gestating with a male twin and evaluated changes in genes ... | 2016 | 27257473 |
| efavirenz and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir use exhibited elevated markers of atherosclerosis across age groups in people living with hiv in ethiopia. | hiv patients on highly-active antiretroviral therapy (haart) have shown elevated incidence of dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and markers of cardiovascular disease. evidence is beginning to emerge that implicates efavirenz (efv) as a potential mediator of early on-set cardiovascular disease. | 2016 | 27270208 |
| lions, tigers, and bears, oh sh!t: semantics versus tabooness in speech production. | while both semantic and highly emotional (i.e., taboo) words can interfere with speech production, different theoretical mechanisms have been proposed to explain why interference occurs. two experiments investigated these theoretical approaches by comparing the magnitude of these two types of interference and the stages at which they occur during picture naming. participants named target pictures superimposed with semantic, taboo, or unrelated distractor words that were presented at three differ ... | 2017 | 27271052 |
| averaged propulsive body acceleration (apba) can be calculated from biologging tags that incorporate gyroscopes and accelerometers to estimate swimming speed, hydrodynamic drag and energy expenditure for steller sea lions. | forces due to propulsion should approximate forces due to hydrodynamic drag for animals horizontally swimming at a constant speed with negligible buoyancy forces. propulsive forces should also correlate with energy expenditures associated with locomotion-an important cost of foraging. as such, biologging tags containing accelerometers are being used to generate proxies for animal energy expenditures despite being unable to distinguish rotational movements from linear movements. however, recent m ... | 2016 | 27285467 |
| human-mediated extirpation of the unique chatham islands sea lion and implications for the conservation management of remaining new zealand sea lion populations. | while terrestrial megafaunal extinctions have been well characterized worldwide, our understanding of declines in marine megafauna remains limited. here, we use ancient dna analyses of prehistoric (<1450-1650 ad) sea lion specimens from new zealand's isolated chatham islands to assess the demographic impacts of human settlement. these data suggest there was a large population of sea lions, unique to the chatham islands, at the time of polynesian settlement. this distinct mitochondrial lineage be ... | 2016 | 27289078 |
| glucocorticoid stress responses of lions in relationship to group composition, human land use, and proximity to people. | large carnivore populations are in global decline, and conflicts between large carnivores and humans or their livestock contribute to low tolerance of large carnivores outside of protected areas. african lions (panthera leo) are a conflict-prone species, and their continental range has declined by 75% in the face of human pressures. nonetheless, large carnivore populations persist (or even grow) in some areas that are occupied by humans. lions attain locally high density in the olkiramatian and ... | 2013 | 27293605 |
| the influence of time in captivity, food intake and acute trauma on blood analytes of juvenile steller sea lions, eumetopias jubatus. | the steller sea lion, eumetopias jubatus, has experienced regionally divergent population trends over recent decades. one potential mechanism for this disparity is that local factors cause reduced health and, therefore, reduced survival of individuals. the use of blood parameters to assess sea lion health may help to identify whether malnutrition, disease and stress are important drivers of current trends, but such assessments require species-specific knowledge of how parameters respond to vario ... | 2015 | 27293693 |
| physiological predictors of long-term survival in juvenile steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | this study builds on a continued effort to document potential long-term research impacts on the individual, as well as to identify potential markers of survival for use in a field framework. the transient juvenile steller sea lion (tj) project was developed as a novel framework to gain access to wild individuals. we used three analyses to evaluate and predict long-term survival in temporarily captive sea lions (n = 45) through cormack-jolly-seber open population modelling techniques. the first a ... | 2015 | 27293728 |
| dive behaviour can predict metabolic expenditure in steller sea lions. | quantification of costs associated with foraging contributes to understanding the energetic impact that changes in prey availability have on the energy balance of an animal and the fitness of populations. however, estimating the costs of foraging is difficult for breath-hold divers, such as steller sea lions, that feed underwater. we developed models parameterized with data from free-diving captive steller sea lions to estimate the costs incurred by wild animals while foraging. we measured divin ... | 2015 | 27293736 |
| pup vibrissae stable isotopes reveal geographic differences in adult female southern sea lion habitat use during gestation. | individuals within populations often differ substantially in habitat use, the ecological consequences of which can be far reaching. stable isotope analysis provides a convenient and often cost effective means of indirectly assessing the habitat use of individuals that can yield valuable insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of foraging specialisations within a population. here we use the stable isotope ratios of southern sea lion (otaria flavescens) pup vibrissae at the falkland islands, ... | 2016 | 27304855 |
| a rare case of gastric myiasis in a lion caused by gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae)-case report. | myiasis is the infection caused by a variety of dipterous (fly) larvae in vertebrate's tissue (man and domestic or wild animals). species of gasterophilus are obligate parasite of horses, donkeys, zebras, elephants and rhinoceroses. there are records worldwide, but mostly, in tropical and subtropical regions. this case report describes a type of gastric myiasis caused by g. intestinalis in an old lion in a zoo in sistan, southeast iran. myiasis in lions is rarely reported and this is the first r ... | 2016 | 27308300 |
| lions (panthera leo) solve, learn, and remember a novel resource acquisition problem. | the social intelligence hypothesis proposes that the challenges of complex social life bolster the evolution of intelligence, and accordingly, advanced cognition has convergently evolved in several social lineages. lions (panthera leo) offer an ideal model system for cognitive research in a highly social species with an egalitarian social structure. we investigated cognition in lions using a novel resource task: the suspended puzzle box. the task required lions (n = 12) to solve a novel problem, ... | 2016 | 27311315 |
| per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the western mediterranean sea waters. | the spatial and temporal distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in the open western mediterranean sea waters was investigated in this study for the first time. in addition to surface water samples, a deep water sample (1390 m depth) collected in the center of the western basin was analyzed. perfluorohexanoic acid (pfhxa), perfluoroheptanoic acid (pfhpa), perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa), perfluorohexanesulfonate (pfhxs) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) were detected in all s ... | 2016 | 27314632 |
| growth factor and interleukin concentrations in amniotic membrane-conditioned medium. | application of amniotic membrane-conditioned medium (amm) eye drops is a potential treatment alternative for therapy-resistant corneal epithelial defects. our purpose was to determine the concentration of growth factors epidermal growth factor (egf), nerve growth factor (ngf), vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), transforming growth factor β1 (tgfβ1), fibroblast growth factor basic (fgfb), and interleukins, il-1β, il-6, il-8, in amm following different preparation methods. | 2017 | 27314878 |
| spatial patterns of african ungulate aggregation reveal complex but limited risk effects from reintroduced carnivores. | the "landscape of fear" model, recently advanced in research on the non-lethal effects of carnivores on ungulates, predicts that prey will exhibit detectable antipredator behavior not only during risky times (i.e., predators in close proximity) but also in risky places (i.e., habitat where predators kill prey or tend to occur). aggregation is an important antipredator response in numerous ungulate species, making it a useful metric to evaluate the strength and scope of the landscape of fear in a ... | 2016 | 27349090 |
| determinants of fiv and hiv vif sensitivity of feline apobec3 restriction factors. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a global pathogen of felidae species and a model system for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-induced aids. in felids such as the domestic cat (felis catus), apobec3 (a3) genes encode for single-domain a3z2s, a3z3 and double-domain a3z2z3 anti-viral cytidine deaminases. the feline a3z2z3 is expressed following read-through transcription and alternative splicing, introducing a previously untranslated exon in frame, encoding a domain insertion called linker. ... | 2016 | 27368163 |
| beat keeping in a sea lion as coupled oscillation: implications for comparative understanding of human rhythm. | human capacity for entraining movement to external rhythms-i.e., beat keeping-is ubiquitous, but its evolutionary history and neural underpinnings remain a mystery. recent findings of entrainment to simple and complex rhythms in non-human animals pave the way for a novel comparative approach to assess the origins and mechanisms of rhythmic behavior. the most reliable non-human beat keeper to date is a california sea lion, ronan, who was trained to match head movements to isochronous repeating st ... | 2016 | 27375418 |
| landscape-level movement patterns by lions in western serengeti: comparing the influence of inter-specific competitors, habitat attributes and prey availability. | where apex predators move on the landscape influences ecosystem structure and function and is therefore key to effective landscape-level management and species-specific conservation. however the factors underlying predator distribution patterns within functional ecosystems are poorly understood. predator movement should be sensitive to the spatial patterns of inter-specific competitors, spatial variation in prey density, and landscape attributes that increase individual prey vulnerability. we in ... | 2016 | 27375849 |
| feline panleukopaenia virus in captive non-domestic felids in south africa. | an outbreak of feline panleukopaenia virus (fplv) infection was diagnosed by pathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in vaccinated captive-bred subadult cheetahs in south africa. subsequent to this disease outbreak, 12 cases of fplv diagnosed on histology were confirmed by pcr in captive african black-footed cat, caracal, cheetah, lion, ocelot and serval. phylogenetic analyses of the viral capsid protein gene on pcr-positive samples, vaccine and national center for bio ... | 2016 | 27380652 |
| plant chimeras: the good, the bad, and the 'bizzaria'. | chimeras - organisms that are composed of cells of more than one genotype - captured the human imagination long before they were formally described and used in the laboratory. these organisms owe their namesake to a fire-breathing monster from greek mythology that has the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a serpent. the first description of a non-fictional chimera dates back to the middle of the seventeenth century when the florentine gardener pietro nati discovered an adventit ... | 2016 | 27381079 |
| ectopic pregnancy with associated gestational choriocarcinoma in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | a wild-born, captive-reared, 14 yr old, primiparous female california sea lion zalophus californianus presented for anorexia of 14 d duration and abdominal distention. routine complete blood cell count revealed leukocytosis with a neutrophilia, and serum chemistry revealed hypoalbumenemia and hyponatremia. treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories were started, but the animal continued to decline. abdominal radiographs revealed a mature mineralized fetal sku ... | 2016 | 27409239 |
| individual and population level resource selection patterns of mountain lions preying on mule deer along an urban-wildland gradient. | understanding population and individual-level behavioral responses of large carnivores to human disturbance is important for conserving top predators in fragmented landscapes. however, previous research has not investigated resource selection at predation sites of mountain lions in highly urbanized areas. we quantified selection of natural and anthropogenic landscape features by mountain lions at sites where they consumed their primary prey, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), in and adjacent to ur ... | 2016 | 27411098 |
| isolation of bartonella henselae, bartonella koehlerae subsp. koehlerae, bartonella koehlerae subsp. bothieri and a new subspecies of b. koehlerae from free-ranging lions (panthera leo) from south africa, cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) from namibia and captive cheetahs from california. | bartonellae are blood- and vector-borne gram-negative bacteria, recognized as emerging pathogens. whole-blood samples were collected from 58 free-ranging lions (panthera leo) in south africa and 17 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) from namibia. blood samples were also collected from 11 cheetahs (more than once for some of them) at the san diego wildlife safari park. bacteria were isolated from the blood of three (5%) lions, one (6%) namibian cheetah and eight (73%) cheetahs from california. the lion ... | 2016 | 27453220 |
| coinfection of california sea lion adenovirus 1 and a novel polyomavirus in a hawaiian monk seal (neomonachus schauinslandi). | the hawaiian monk seal (neomonachus schauinslandi) is an endangered species. here, we present a clinical case of a 26-yr-old male hawaiian monk seal (hms) kept in an aquarium with a history of intermittent anorexia and evidence of renal disease. histologic examination revealed eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver. conventional nested pcr protocols were used to test for viruses, and it tested positive for adenovirus and polyomavirus, and negative for herpesvirus. the adenovirus parti ... | 2016 | 27468013 |
| oral health correlates of captivity. | the predominant diet fed to captive carnivores in north america consists of ground meat formulated to provide full nutritional requirements. however, this ground meat diet completely lacks the mechanical properties (i.e., toughness and hardness) of the foods these animals would consume in the wild. the goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of captivity on oral health by comparing the prevalence of periodontal disease and dental calculus accumulation in wild and captive lions and tigers (p ... | 2016 | 27473998 |
| phylogeographic patterns in africa and high resolution delineation of genetic clades in the lion (panthera leo). | comparative phylogeography of african savannah mammals shows a congruent pattern in which populations in west/central africa are distinct from populations in east/southern africa. however, for the lion, all african populations are currently classified as a single subspecies (panthera leo leo), while the only remaining population in asia is considered to be distinct (panthera leo persica). this distinction is disputed both by morphological and genetic data. in this study we introduce the lion as ... | 2016 | 27488946 |
| population structure and historical demography of south american sea lions provide insights into the catastrophic decline of a marine mammal population. | understanding the causes of population decline is crucial for conservation management. we therefore used genetic analysis both to provide baseline data on population structure and to evaluate hypotheses for the catastrophic decline of the south american sea lion (otaria flavescens) at the falkland islands (malvinas) in the south atlantic. we genotyped 259 animals from 23 colonies across the falklands at 281 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region and 22 microsatellites. a weak signature of ... | 2016 | 27493782 |
| the spatial distribution of african savannah herbivores: species associations and habitat occupancy in a landscape context. | herbivores play an important role in determining the structure and function of tropical savannahs. here, we (i) outline a framework for how interactions among large mammalian herbivores, carnivores and environmental variation influence herbivore habitat occupancy in tropical savannahs. we then (ii) use a bayesian hierarchical model to analyse camera trap data to quantify spatial patterns of habitat occupancy for lions and eight common ungulates of varying body size across an approximately 1100 k ... | 2016 | 27502379 |
| passive acoustic monitoring reveals group ranging and territory use: a case study of wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | assessing the range and territories of wild mammals traditionally requires years of data collection and often involves directly following individuals or using tracking devices. indirect and non-invasive methods of monitoring wildlife have therefore emerged as attractive alternatives due to their ability to collect data at large spatiotemporal scales using standardized remote sensing technologies. here, we investigate the use of two novel passive acoustic monitoring (pam) systems used to capture ... | 2016 | 27507999 |
| natural exposure to domoic acid causes behavioral perseveration in wild sea lions: neural underpinnings and diagnostic application. | domoic acid is a naturally occurring algal toxin that causes neurological symptoms and mortality in exposed marine life. california sea lions (zalophus californianus) are the most visible victims, and suffer epilepsy and progressive hippocampal atrophy. despite its reliable neurological effects, little is known about how exposure to domoic acid alters behavior, which is critical for understanding the impact of toxic exposure on long-term survival in sea lions and other exposed animals, including ... | 2016 | 27511874 |
| a novel bocavirus from domestic mink, china. | bocaviruses have been found in the feces of humans and a variety of animals, including pigs, cattle, dogs, gorillas, cats, and sea lions. here, we have characterized the almost complete genome (5224 nt) of a novel bocavirus from feces of domestic minks, which has been provisionally named mink bocavirus. the ns1 protein of mink bocavirus shared 36.9-52 % amino acid sequence identities with those of other known bocaviruses and phylogenetically clustered with bocaviruses from other carnivores. acco ... | 2016 | 27519364 |
| presentation of primary open angle glaucoma (poag) at lions sight first eye hospital in blantyre, malawi. | primary open angle glaucoma (poag) is the most common type of glaucoma in africa. we carried out a study to determine the clinical presentation pattern of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (poag) at a tertiary hospital in malawi. | 2014 | 27529014 |
| bartonella rochalimae and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in wild carnivores from colorado, usa. | spleen samples from 292 wild carnivores from colorado, us were screened for bartonella infection. bartonella dna was detected in coyotes ( canis latrans ) (28%), striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis ) (23%), red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) (27%), and raccoons ( procyon lotor ) (8%) but not in black bears ( ursus americanus ), gray foxes ( urocyon cinereoargenteus ), and mountain lions ( puma concolor ). two bartonella species, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and b. rochalimae, were identified. all 10 in ... | 2016 | 27529290 |
| dead or gone? bayesian inference on mortality for the dispersing sex. | estimates of age-specific mortality are regularly used in ecology, evolution, and conservation research. however, estimating mortality of the dispersing sex, in species where one sex undergoes natal dispersal, is difficult. this is because it is often unclear whether members of the dispersing sex that disappear from monitored areas have died or dispersed. here, we develop an extension of a multievent model that imputes dispersal state (i.e., died or dispersed) for uncertain records of the disper ... | 2016 | 27547322 |
| limited spatial response to direct predation risk by african herbivores following predator reintroduction. | predators affect ecosystems not only through direct mortality of prey, but also through risk effects on prey behavior, which can exert strong influences on ecosystem function and prey fitness. however, how functionally different prey species respond to predation risk and how prey strategies vary across ecosystems and in response to predator reintroduction are poorly understood. we investigated the spatial distributions of six african herbivores varying in foraging strategy and body size in respo ... | 2016 | 27547350 |
| cross-modal individual recognition in wild african lions. | individual recognition is considered to have been fundamental in the evolution of complex social systems and is thought to be a widespread ability throughout the animal kingdom. although robust evidence for individual recognition remains limited, recent experimental paradigms that examine cross-modal processing have demonstrated individual recognition in a range of captive non-human animals. it is now highly relevant to test whether cross-modal individual recognition exists within wild populatio ... | 2016 | 27555649 |
| updating a gas dynamics model using estimates for california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | theoretical models are used to predict how breath-hold diving vertebrates manage o2, co2, and n2 while underwater. one recent gas dynamics model used available lung and tracheal compliance data from various species. as variation in respiratory compliance significantly affects alveolar compression and pulmonary shunt, the current study objective was to evaluate changes in model output when using species-specific parameters from california sea lions (zalophus californianus). we explored the effect ... | 2016 | 27562522 |
| do you speak lion? | 2016 | 27563084 | |
| interactions between demography, genetics, and landscape connectivity increase extinction probability for a small population of large carnivores in a major metropolitan area. | the extinction vortex is a theoretical model describing the process by which extinction risk is elevated in small, isolated populations owing to interactions between environmental, demographic, and genetic factors. however, empirical demonstrations of these interactions have been elusive. we modelled the dynamics of a small mountain lion population isolated by anthropogenic barriers in greater los angeles, california, to evaluate the influence of demographic, genetic, and landscape factors on ex ... | 2016 | 27581877 |
| first report of systemic toxoplasmosis in a new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri). | a 1-year-old female new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) was intermittently observed in the otago region of new zealand over an 11-month period, always dragging her hind flippers. in december 2012 the sea lion was found dead, after a period of several days being observed to be harassed by male sea lions. | 2017 | 27588458 |
| supporting risk assessment: accounting for indirect risk to ecosystem components. | the multi-scalar complexity of social-ecological systems makes it challenging to quantify impacts from human activities on ecosystems, inspiring risk-based approaches to assessments of potential effects of human activities on valued ecosystem components. risk assessments do not commonly include the risk from indirect effects as mediated via habitat and prey. in this case study from british columbia, canada, we illustrate how such "indirect risks" can be incorporated into risk assessments for sev ... | 2016 | 27632287 |
| accuracy of mandibular force profiles for bite force estimation and feeding behavior reconstruction in extant and extinct carnivorans. | mandibular force profiles apply the principles of beam theory to identify mandibular biomechanical properties that reflect the bite force and feeding strategies of extant and extinct predators. while this method uses the external dimensions of the mandibular corpus to determine its biomechanical properties, more accurate results could potentially be obtained by quantifying its internal cortical bone distribution. to test this possibility, mandibular force profiles were calculated using both exte ... | 2016 | 27634400 |
| digitizing an analog radiography teaching file under time constraint: trade-offs in efficiency and image quality. | we digitized the radiography teaching file at black lion hospital (addis ababa, ethiopia) during a recent trip, using a standard digital camera and a fluorescent light box. our goal was to photograph every radiograph in the existing library while optimizing the final image size to the maximum resolution of a high quality tablet computer, preserving the contrast resolution of the radiographs, and minimizing total library file size. a secondary important goal was to minimize the cost and time requ ... | 2017 | 27644957 |
| sustainability and long term-tenure: lion trophy hunting in tanzania. | it is argued that trophy hunting of large, charismatic mammal species can have considerable conservation benefits but only if undertaken sustainably. social-ecological theory suggests such sustainability only results from developing governance systems that balance financial and biological requirements. here we use lion (panthera leo) trophy hunting data from tanzania to investigate how resource ownership patterns influence hunting revenue and offtake levels. tanzania contains up to half of the g ... | 2016 | 27648566 |
| foraging strategies of a generalist marine predator inhabiting a dynamic environment. | intraspecific variability is increasingly recognized as an important component of foraging behavior that can have implications for both population and community dynamics. we used an individual-level approach to describe the foraging behavior of an abundant, generalist predator that inhabits a dynamic marine ecosystem, focusing specifically on the different foraging strategies used by individuals in the same demographic group. we collected data on movements and diving behavior of adult female cal ... | 2016 | 27651228 |
| the challenges and relevance of exploring the genetics of north africa's "barbary lion" and the conservation of putative descendants in captivity. | the lions of north africa were unique in ecological terms as well as from a human cultural perspective and were the definitive lions of roman and medieval europe. labelled "barbary" lions, they were once numerous in north africa but were exterminated by the mid-20th century. despite subsequent degeneration of the atlas mountain ecosystem through human pressures, the feasibility of lion reintroduction has been debated since the 1970s. research on the long-established captive lion collection tradi ... | 2016 | 27656310 |
| flipper strokes can predict energy expenditure and locomotion costs in free-ranging northern and antarctic fur seals. | flipper strokes have been proposed as proxies to estimate the energy expended by marine vertebrates while foraging at sea, but this has never been validated on free-ranging otariids (fur seals and sea lions). our goal was to investigate how well flipper strokes correlate with energy expenditure in 33 foraging northern and antarctic fur seals equipped with accelerometers, gps, and time-depth recorders. we concomitantly measured field metabolic rates with the doubly-labelled water method and deriv ... | 2016 | 27658718 |
| divergent sapovirus strains and infection prevalence in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem: a long-term study. | the genus sapovirus, in the family caliciviridae, includes enteric viruses of humans and domestic animals. information on sapovirus infection of wildlife is limited and is currently lacking for any free-ranging wildlife species in africa. by screening a large number of predominantly fecal samples (n = 631) obtained from five carnivore species in the serengeti ecosystem, east africa, sapovirus rna was detected in the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta, family hyaenidae), african lion (panthera leo, f ... | 2016 | 27661997 |