Publications

the use of infectivity titrations for measurement of the viability of entamoeba histolytica after cryopreservation.	an infectivity titration technique is described for the measurement of the viability of entamoeba histolytica. using this method an optimal cryopreservation technique has been developed. when amoebae from young cultures were equilibrated with 7.5% dimethylsulphoxide for 15 minutes at 37 degrees c, cooled to -100 degrees c at 1 degree c per minute, and stored in liquid nitrogen, 1 to 2% regularly survived after thawing rapidly at 37 degrees c and, on occasions, 10 to 12% survived.	1983	6306877
inter-relationship between faecal ph and susceptibility to entamoeba histolytica infection in rats.		1983	6306878
value of stool examination in patients with diarrhoea.	findings of stool examinations in 1593 patients with diarrhoea due to a single enteric pathogen--enterotoxigenic escherichia coli rotavirus, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholerae 0:1, entamoeba histolytica, or giardia lamblia--were reviewed to determine how well they predicted the agent associated with the diarrhoea. specimens were examined visually for blood and mucus, tested for ph, and examined under a microscope for the presence of red and white blood cells, parasites, and stool fa ...	1983	6307460
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of isoenzymes from entamoeba species.	in this preliminary report, we describe a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique for the resolution of isoenzyme patterns of four isolates of entamoeba histolytica and one isolate of entamoeba coli. our findings were similar to previous findings for three enzyme systems: maleic enzyme (malate dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.1.40]), hexokinase (ec 2.7.1.1), and phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1). we found preliminary evidence that glucosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9) may also differentiate invasive a ...	1983	6308037
the polymicrobial origin of intestinal infections in homosexual men.	to determine the microbial cause and the clinical and pathologic correlates of anorectal and intestinal symptoms in homosexually active men, we performed comprehensive microbiologic studies, anoscopy, sigmoid-oscopy, and rectal biopsy in men examined in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. enteric pathogens were found in 95 of 119 consecutive homosexual men with anorectal or intestinal symptoms and in 29 of 75 randomly selected homosexual men without such symptoms (p less than 0.001). the ...	1983	6308444
amoebiasis in a non-endemic country. epidemiology, presenting symptoms and diagnostic methods.	392 patients with amoebiasis, diagnosed at roslagstull hospital, stockholm during 10 yr, are reviewed. the disease is increasing in frequency, due both to increased travelling by swedish citizens and immigration from non-european countries. the risk for an ordinary charter tourist is, however, rather low. two-thirds of the patients were symptomatic and one-third were regarded as asymptomatic cyst carriers. the importance of repeated examination of stool samples and examinations using different t ...	1983	6308756
entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal secretion: role of serotonin.	lysates of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica altered active electrolyte transport when present on the serosal surface of rabbit ileum and rat colon. the lysate-induced effects on electrolyte transport were similar to those caused by serotonin, and were blocked by bufotenine, an analog known to inhibit the action of serotonin. the transport effects were partially inhibited by antibody to serotonin. the amebic lysates were shown to contain serotonin by radioimmunoassay, high-performance ...	1983	6308760
development and persistence of antibodies to entamoeba histolytica in patients with amebic liver abscess. analysis of 216 cases.	the antibody patterns--obtained by enzyme immunoassay (eia), complement fixation (cf), indirect hemagglutination (iha), and latex agglutination (la)--of 216 patients with amebic liver abscess (ala) were related to the time of onset of illness and to epidemiological data. the usual period between the stay in an entamoeba histolytica-endemic area and clinical manifestation of the disease was 8-20 weeks. increasing antibody concentration affected the sensitivity rates for cf and la in the first 3 w ...	1983	6309024
migration of entamoeba histolytica under agarose.	a procedure for visualizing and quantifying motility of entamoeba histolytica by migration under agarose is described. agarose suspended in tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with bovine albumin was poured into plastic dishes and allowed to harden. six pairs of wells were cut out in a circular configuration. to the inner wells a suspension of e. histolytica in eagle's medium (24 x 10(6) cells/ml) was added, and to the outer wells a chemoattractant or the control medium. after overnight incub ...	1983	6309025
the indirect immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of e. histolytica infection.		1981	6309117
a new amebicide agent from castela texana.		1983	6310633
human milk kills parasitic intestinal protozoa.	giardia lamblia, a common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans, was rapidly killed by exposure to normal human milk in vitro. the killing did not depend on secretory immunoglobulin a. entamoeba histolytica, the dysentery amoeba, was also killed by normal human milk. giardia-cidal activity cochromatographed with an unusual lipase that is present in the milk of humans but not of lower mammals. human milk may play a protective role in infants exposed to this parasite.	1983	6310751
[cutaneous amebiasis: culture and enzymatic characterization of a strain].		1983	6311230
[sexually transmitted intestinal pathogens among homosexual men in stockholm].		1983	6312221
latency and heterogeneity of entamoeba histolytica hemolysins.	we have found that the hemolytic potency of p30 - a subcellular fraction that contains most of the hemolytic activity of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites--increased up to 100 times by preincubation for 36 h at 36 degrees c. this remarkable increase in potency was due to the in vitro generation of heat-labile as well as heat-stable hemolytic components and could be prevented if p30 was preincubated at 4 degrees c or subjected to either heating at 90 degrees c or to repeated freeze-thawing cycle ...	1983	6312705
absence of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in axenically grown entamoeba histolytica.	we conclude that there is no evidence for the presence of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase among the cytoplasmic enzymes of entamoeba histolytica, and that a contrary finding was probably caused by the action of a different amebal enzyme on unrecognized contamination in the lithium salt of the substrate used in that investigation.	1983	6312822
the partial purification and characterization of adenosine kinase from entamoeba histolytica.	axenically grown entamoeba histolytica was found to contain adenosine kinase. this organism lacks de novo purine biosynthetic pathways. adenosine kinase provides the amoeba with a method for salvaging adenosine from ingested nucleosides or from degraded nucleotides. adenosine kinase was purified 64-fold, by chromatography on sephacryl s-200, deae-cellulose, and (c-8)-adenosine-agarose. the latter separated it from amebal adenylate kinase. adenosine kinase has a molecular weight of 38,000 and req ...	1983	6312825
comparative studies on the amoebicidal activity of known 5-nitroimidazole derivatives and cg 10213-go in golden hamsters, mesocricetus auratus, infected in the liver or caecum or both with trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica.	cg 10213-go, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative synthesized at the ciba-geigy research centre, bombay, proved superior to such currently used 5-nitroimidazole derivatives as metronidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole, tinidazole and nimorazole, against experimental amoebic infections of the liver and caecum in a golden hamster model. cg 10213-go is now undergoing clinical trials.	1983	6312905
accumulation of 14c-chloroquine by entamoeba histolytica.		1983	6312906
entamoeba histolytica. phagocytosis as a virulence factor.	in this paper, we attempted to define the role of phagocytosis in the virulence of entamoeba histolytica. we have isolated, from a highly phagocytic and virulent strain, a clone deficient in phagocytosis. trophozoites of wild-type strain hm1:imss were fed with escherichia coli strain cr34-thy- grown on 5-bromo,2'-deoxyuridine. the trophozoites that had incorporated the base analog through phagocytosis of the bacteria were killed by irradiation with 310 nm light. the survivors, presumably trophoz ...	1983	6313842
detection of campylobacter jejuni and other potential pathogens in travellers' diarrhoea in bangladesh.	to determine the distribution of pathogens associated with travellers' diarrhoea in bangladesh, we have studied 269 expatriates who presented with diarrhoea to our clinic, over a one-year period. patients were interviewed about their history of diarrhoea and a stool specimen examined for parasites and cultured for campylobacter jejuni, shigella sp., salmonella sp., vibrio and aeromonas hydrophila and plesiomonas shigelloides. c. jejuni and shigella sp. were each isolated from 45 patients (17%) a ...	1983	6314488
parasites and travellers' diarrhoea.	giardia lamblia is discussed as the most important parasitic cause of travellers' diarrhoea. the parasitology of this flagellate protozoan is discussed with respect to route of infection, threshold infecting dose, and incubation period. the geographic distribution of giardiasis is widespread, being common in tropical and sub-tropical regions and endemic at a low level in european and north american countries. the predisposing factors are detailed together with clinical manifestations, pathogenes ...	1983	6314489
amoebiasis and giardiasis in bangladesh: parasitological and serological studies.	to determine the prevalence of infections with entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia in bangladesh, we screened stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea attending urban (n = 2,246) and a rural (n = 2,791) hospital and a group of healthy urban residents (n = 440). sera from 200 healthy villagers were also examined for antibody to e. histolytica using the immunofluorescent antibody test. the prevalence of e. histolytica cysts or trophozoites in all groups assessed by examination of a singl ...	1983	6314613
interactions between entamoeba histolytica, bacteria and intestinal cells.	axenically grown pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of entamoeba histolytica have been shown to adhere to mammalian epithelial cells and bacteria by virtue of carbohydrate-binding proteins present on their cell surfaces. the interaction of amoeba isolates of low pathogenicity with a variety of gram-negative bacteria, mainly escherichia coli strains which are readily ingested by the amoebae after relatively short periods, significantly increased the ability of the trophozoites to: (a) destroy ...	1983	6315320
hepatic and gastric amebiasis in black and white colobus monkeys.	three cases of hepatic amebiasis and one case of gastric amebiasis were diagnosed in black and white colobus monkeys during a 9-month period. the diagnosis was difficult because of the absence of trophozoites and cysts in the feces and because of few trophozoites found in many of the hepatic lesions. indirect hemagglutination titers were diagnostic in 2 monkeys.	1983	6315656
amebic liver abscess in a homosexual man.	a case report of a 36-year-old black homosexual man with right upper- and lower-quadrant abdominal pain is presented. when exploratory surgery for appendicitis was performed, an abscess, consistent with an amebic abscess, was encountered in the right lobe of the liver. this abscess was evacuated, and a drain was placed. a serum sample taken at the time of surgery showed high titers of antibody to entamoeba histolytica; metronidazole therapy was instituted, and the patient made an uneventful reco ...	1983	6316572
scanning electron microscopy of attached trophozoites of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica.	the surface morphology of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites of hm 1:imss (axenic and monoxenic) and hk9 (axenic) strains cultured on plastic and mdck cell substrates was examined using scanning electron microscopy (sem). the conditions for processing trophozoites were determined by comparing the sem observations with the morphology of living amebas examined by light microscopy. the most frequent surface differentiations in all the amebas observed with sem were lobopodia. round cytoplasmic proje ...	1983	6319685
[entamoeba histolytica: i. mechanism of cytotoxic activity].	cytotoxic action against k562-tissue culture cells was investigated under various conditions with a chromium-release-assay. when amoebae and target cells were centrifuged together, pathogenic strains of amoebae induced a very fast increase of target cell lysis (up to 50% of maximum lysis after 10 minutes). only a minor degree of target cell lysis resulted, however, when amoebae and k562 cells were kept in suspension. when amoebae were eliminated selectively by addition of complement 10 minutes a ...	1983	6320511
ketoconazole and other potent antimycotic azoles exhibit pronounced activity against trypanosoma cruzi, plasmodium berghei and entamoeba histolytica in vivo.		1984	6320547
model of amoebic liver abscess in cholesterol fed guinea pigs through intracaecal infection route.		1983	6321341
microvolume, kinetic-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for amoeba antibodies.	we describe a microvolume enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on enzyme rate kinetics. antigens from entamoeba histolytica were adsorbed in wells of disposable polystyrene strips containing 12 flat-bottom wells. after exposure to the serum of a patient and peroxidase-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin g, the rate of color change in specific substrate was determined by eight sequential readings of individual wells over a 2-min period with a microcomputer-controlled model mr-600 automated plate ...	1984	6321547
entamoeba histolytica: a eukaryote without glutathione metabolism.	entamoeba histolytica was found to grow normally without producing glutathione and the main enzymes of glutathione metabolism, indicating that glutathione is not essential for many eukaryotic processes. this parasitic amoeba is an unusual eukaryote whose special features may help define the crucial functions of glutathione in those eukaryotes that do use it. since entamoeba histolytica lacks mitochondria and the usual aerobic respiratory pathways, the finding that it grows without glutathione an ...	1984	6322306
amoebiasis in homosexual men.	the clinical, histopathological, and serological features of 35 homosexual men with infection with entamoeba histolytica were studied and compared with a group of 35 non-infected homosexual men. each isolate was of zymodeme type i. although there was no significant difference in the numbers of infected and non-infected men with gastrointestinal symptoms (48.6% and 28.6% respectively), the mean duration of symptoms was greater in with amoebiasis (p less than 0.05). the histology of the rectal muc ...	1984	6323279
a seroepidemiological survey of amoebiasis in cdri staff using iha, ifa, elisa, and ai tests by taking a drop of peripheral blood.		1983	6323570
kinetics of peripheral blood t cell numbers and functions in patients with burns.	cell-mediated immunity (cmi) was assessed in 58 patients with burns involving 10% to 40% of the total body surface area (tbsa), and in 16 normal healthy individuals, by using two parameters, the total t-cell counts in peripheral circulation and t-cell function as indicated by the leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) test. three recall antigens from candida albicans, s. typhi, and e. histolytica were used to elicit the lmi. t-cell function was found to be significantly depressed in burns involvin ...	1984	6323729
[an unnecessarily long course of a disease].		1984	6324008
influence of geographical factors in the distribution of pathogenic zymodemes of entamoeba histolytica: identification of zymodeme xiv in india.	stocks of entamoeba histolytica isolated and maintained in a variety of culture media, both axenic and polyxenic, were compared with each other and with strains previously characterized. the present stocks were isolated from subjects living in various cities in india. using the enzyme patterns of: e c 5319 glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi); e c 11140 l-malate: nadp+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) (me): e c 2751 phosphoglucomutase (pgm); and e c 2711 hexakinase (hk), developed afte ...	1984	6324421
serum antibodies to giardia intestinalis detected by immunofluorescence using trophozoites as antigen.	anti-giardia antibodies were studied in 88 sera of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic giardiasis by using the indirect immunofluorescent test and giardia intestinalis trophozoites from an axenic culture as antigen. the sera of 40 healthy subjects were used as a control group and of 28 patients with other intestinal parasites (14 with sarcocystis sp. and 14 with symptomatic entamoeba histolytica infection) have been investigated for determination of test specificity. 82% of sera from pati ...	1984	6324429
[entamoeba histolytica: ii. effect of humoral immune mechanisms on cytotoxic activity].	the time dependency of the cytotoxic action of e. histolytica against tissue culture cells of mammalian origin was assessed in a 51cr-release assay. obviously, the amebae-dependent cytotoxic activity within the first 30-60 min of the assay against k562 (an erythroleukemic cell line) and mh1c1 (a rat hepatoma cell line) correlated with the pathogenicity of the respective amebae in vivo as measured by the hamster liver infectivity test. the in vivo apathogenic strain of e. histolytica (hk9) exhibi ...	1984	6324430
identification of stocks of non-pathogenic "entamoeba histolytica".	the isoenzyme mobilities, on thin layer starch gel electrophoresis, of stocks of entamoeba histolytica have been shown to relate to pathogenicity in the host. the ability of some zymodemes of this organism to produce extra-intestinal lesions is also coupled with a capacity to resist lysis by human serum. the results of isoenzyme characterization particularly related to serum lysis is discussed.	1983	6325031
entamoeba histolytica: virulence enhancement of isoenzyme-stable parasites.	pathogenic entamoeba histolytica isolated from patients with clinical amoebiasis can be differentiated from nonpathogenic e. histolytica obtained from asymptomatic carriers on the basis of the electrophoretic pattern of their isoenzymes. virulence of different strains of axenically grown trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica, as determined by various laboratory tests, such as damage to tissue culture monolayers, or their ability to cause an hepatic abscess in a hamster, are known to vary conside ...	1984	6325226
relationship of cytotoxins of axenically cultivated entamoeba histolytica to virulence.	clarified homogenates prepared from different strains of axenically reared entamoeba histolytica were assayed for acid and neutral proteinase activity, cytotoxicity, and protein content. the homogenates of the more virulent strains contained more acid or neutral proteinase and more toxin units per 10(6) trophozoites. toxicity and neutral proteinase activities had a similar pattern of distribution. the cytotoxicity of the gel-filtered proteins of the studied strains followed the same rank order a ...	1984	6325286
action of antiamoebic drugs on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of hamster infected with virulent entamoeba histolytica.		1983	6325336
evaluation of three culture media for the isolation of entamoeba histolytica.		1983	6325531
immune phenomena in amebiasis.		1984	6326234
lectin-induced agglutination of trophozoites of different species and strains of entamoeba.	in vitro agglutinability of trophozoites of three entamoeba histolytica strains, cultivated under axenic conditions in the presence of concanavalin a (con a), was shown to be related to the degree of their pathogenicity for experimental animals and of the concentration of con a. seven strains of e. invadens tested also agglutinated in the presence of con a, and the degree of agglutination was proportional to the concentration of the lectin. three strains of e. histolytica-like "laredo-type" ameb ...	1984	6326409
the use of the solid phase indirect immunofluorescent assay (fiax) in the serodiagnosis of amebiasis.		1983	6326646
proteinase activities of entamoeba histolytica cytotoxin.	the proteinase activity of the low molecular weight cytotoxin of entamoeba histolytica was correlated with its cytotoxicity. gel-filtered amebal toxin (mol wt 10-30,000) proteinase activities could be assayed on azocasein at ph 6 or on hemoglobin at ph 4.5. proteinase activity was inhibited by serum fractions, thiol reagents, heavy metals, leupeptin, and antipain. the cytotoxic activity of gel-filtered amebal toxin was inhibited by serum fractions, leupeptin, and antipain. increased proteinase a ...	1984	6327455
[intestinal amebiasis. a diagnosis with many faces].		1984	6327559
protozoal enteric infections in homosexual men.	the prevalence of enteric protozoal infections was examined in a group of 200 homosexual men. entamoeba histolytica (e. histolyt .) was found in 22.8%, apathogen amoeba in 54.5% and giardia lamblia (g. lamblia) in 9.1% of the participants. antibodies against e. histolyt . were significantly higher in subjects carrying e. histolyt . than in the group with apathogen amoeba and in uninfected participants. clinical symptoms were not associated with protozoal infection. the analysis of a number of va ...	1984	6328099
concomitant and secondary bacterial infection of the pus in hepatic amoebiasis.	in a series of 48 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed uncomplicated amoebic liver abscess (ala), the pus obtained by closed drainage of the abscess was bacteriologically sterile. secondary bacterial infection of the ala as a direct result of the aspiration procedure occurred in only 1 patient, the causative organism being escherichia coli. entamoeba histolytica was identified in a total of 39 cases (81%) by means of direct microscopy of the pus as well as culture methods.	1984	6328682
filter paper technique in serodiagnosis of amoebiasis.		1983	6328707
detection of amoebic antibodies using fractionated antigen in tia and iha tests.	thin layer immunoassay (tia) test was used to detect anti-amoebic antibodies in the sera obtained from immunized guinea pigs. a few human sera samples were also used for antibody detection. the tia and iha results with whole amoeba antigen and fractionated antigen preparations were compared. both test procedures gave better results with fractionated antigen. the results in tia were better than in iha tests. thin layer immunoassay technique can be conveniently used as an alternative to iha test f ...	1984	6328711
murine amebiasis: the role of the macrophage in host defense.	the congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mouse was studied as a model for amebic liver disease, using entamoeba histolytica. despite intrahepatic inoculation of massive numbers of amebae, we could not produce sustained infections in nu/nu mice. we also failed to induce hepatic amebiasis in thymus-intact nu/+ and +/+ littermates, or in nu/+ mice pretreated with rabbit antimouse thymocyte globulin. humoral response was measured in both the nu/nu and nu/+ mice. nu/+ but not nu/nu animals developed a s ...	1984	6329011
an ion-channel forming protein produced by entamoeba histolytica.	we have identified a remarkable ion-channel forming material in virulent strains of entamoeba histolytica that may be responsible for many of the symptoms associated with amoebic dysentery. a polypeptide that we refer to as amoebapore is shed into the growth media and is also found within the amoeba in a high speed sedimentable fraction. amoebapore has the distinctive property of spontaneously incorporating into lipid bilayers, liposomes, and cells, leading to progressive and irreversible change ...	1982	6329705
parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in the central african republic.	a total of 1,197 diarrheic children less than 15 years old were investigated for parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteropathogens from march 1981 through february 1982 in the central african republic. one or more pathogens were identified from 49.4% of the patients. rotavirus was the most frequently identified pathogen among children less than 18 months old. enteropathogenic escherichia coli was the second most frequently isolated pathogen (12.1%) in children less than 2 years of age. campylobact ...	1984	6330161
inhibition of growth of giardia lamblia by difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis.	difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) is a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway of the polyamines. we tested the effect of dfmo on the growth of giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, and trichomonas vaginalis. growth of g. lamblia was inhibited by dfmo at concentrations of greater than or equal to 1.25 mm. culture doubling time increased with increasing dfmo concentration. growth inhibition was reversed if ...	1984	6330350
intestinal parasitic infection and other sexually transmitted diseases in asymptomatic homosexual men.	76/133 (57%) asymptomatic homosexual men harboured intestinal parasites. of these, 40 had entamoeba histolytica or giardia lamblia, or both. in a control group of heterosexual men, no pathogenic protozoa were found. stool specimen cultures for salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter were negative. 7% of the homosexual men were infected with neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx or rectum, or both, and 5% with chlamydia trachomatis in the urethra or rectum. serological evidence of syphilis was det ...	1984	6330881
seroepidemiology of amoebiasis using finger prick blood samples.		1984	6330943
[parasite antigens--problems of immunodiagnosis].		1984	6331013
pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients.	protozoa of nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen female caries patients at an odontological clinic of the national autonomous university of mexico, were surveyed by culture from swabs. culture tubes of swabs from each patient were observed every other day during 5 weeks. pathogenic protozoa found included entamoeba histolytica schaudinn, 1903; naegleria fowleri carter, 1970; acanthamoeba castelanii douglas, 1930; acanthamoeba culbertsoni singh & das, 1970; and balantidium coli (malmste ...	1984	6370674
cellular bases of experimental amebic liver abscess formation.	the complete sequence of morphologic events during amebic liver abscess formation in the hamster has been studied, from the lodgement of amebas in the hepatic sinusoids to the development of extensive liver necrosis. following intraportal inoculation of live amebas, the early stages of the lesion (from 1 to 12 hours) were characterized by acute cellular infiltration composed of an increasingly large number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which surrounded centrally located trophozoites. histiocy ...	1984	6385728
the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites and bacteria in the game scouts at the kainji lake national park of nigeria.	the faeces of twenty scouts working at borgu games were examined for the presence of parasites and bacteria. cysts of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas hominis were found. helminth ova encountered included those of ancylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoides, stronglyloides stercoralis and trichuris trichiura. escherichia coli and shigella flexneri were isolated from one faecal sample each. in all, parasites were found in the faeces of only 9 scouts. the epidemiological sign ...	1984	6389403
[hepatic amebiasis in french polynesia. 16 cases in 2 years].	asymptomatic amebiasis in known for long ago in french polynesia; the presence of entamoeba histolytica cyst carriers have been shown by several parasitological investigations. but, until now, no hepatic amebiasis case has been reported in this geographical area. an homogeneous series of 16 cases of hepatic amebiasis is reported here. the diagnosis was made by hepatic ultrasonography and confirmed by immunology (indirect immunofluorescent tests gave always a positive reaction for a dilution of 1 ...	1984	6390078
the activity of fexinidazole (hoe 239) against experimental infections with trypanosoma cruzi, trichomonads and entamoeba histolytica.	a new 5-nitroimidazole compound, 1-methyl-2-(4-methylthiophenoxymethyl)-5-nitroimidazole: fexinidazole, hoe 239, was found to be highly active against experimental infections with trypanosoma cruzi, tritrichomonas foetus, trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica. it was slightly superior to benznidazole and nifurtimox in suppressing parasitaemia in mice infected with t. cruzi. it also eradicated the parasites from infected mice after a prolonged treatment period. the order of activity of ...	1983	6411009
micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a rapid screening technique for trypanosomiasis.	a rapid and economical micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis (mcie) test, for antibody to trypanosome antigens, has been developed which may prove useful in trypanosomiasis surveillance. mcie was more sensitive and more rapid than immunodiffusion (id). serum samples from trypanosome-infected rabbits and cattle (nigerian and gambian), from kuwaiti dogs and camels, from ivory coast sleeping sickness patients, from brazilian patients with chagas's disease, plus mouse-anti-malaria sera have been tested ...	1983	6415874
a long-term follow up study of amoebiasis treated with metronidazole.	metronidazole, in a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses for 10 days was used to treat 194 patients infected with entamoeba histolytica. when 166 subjects were checked 1 month after treatment, with 3 stool samples taken on different days, 20 failures were found giving a parasitic cure rate of 88%. a lower-than-expected failure rate was noted in children, immigrants and asymptomatic subjects. no more failures were found in 78 patients who went through an extended follow-up, with examin ...	1984	6429847
hemolytic-uremic syndrome and entamoeba histolytica infection.		1984	6473145
immunodiagnosis of giardiasis by elisa and studies on cross-reactivity between the anti-giardia lamblia antibodies and some heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions.	specific antibodies against giardia lamblia in 92 sera from asymptomatic carriers were investigated by elisa. using cyst antigen, antibodies were detected in 91 of the sera, by means of alkaline phosphatase-labelled antispecies immunoglobulin. the e/405nm values of the positive sera ranged between 0.350 and 1.700, whereas in the 78 control sera they were 0.270 +/- 0.220. cross-reactivity between the anti-g. lamblia antibodies and 18 heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions was also studied. ...	1984	6486935
[report on intestinal parasitosis in adults in an urban population of the central african republic].	the authors point out the frequency of intestinal parasitism in bangui, biggest town and capital of the car. out of 3,352 samples, 1,570 were found positive. the main parasites found were: ankylostoma duodenale, 26,7%; schistosoma mansoni, 20,8%; entamoeba histolytica, 18,2%. the authors underline the polyparasitism. they also emphazide the differences with another study carried out in algiers and surrounding areas.	1984	6488424
histological evolution of caecal lesions in experimental amoebiasis.	histopathological studies in guinea-pigs infected intracaecally with entamoeba histolytica were carried out longitudinally on days 3, 7, 11, 15, 20 and 35 after infection. three characteristic modes of development of caecal lesions were observed. these in order of their prevalence were the classical inflammatory cellular infiltration, lymphoid hypertrophy and necrotizing colitis. occasional amoeboma formation was observed in progesterone-treated animals. this is the first time that histological ...	1984	6506152
intestinal parasites in pediatric patients with diarrhoeal diseases in bangkok.	stool examinations of 147 pediatric patients with diarrhoeal disease were carried out at siriraj hospital, bangkok by using the direct-smear technique. stool of 27 patients (18.4%) were positive for intestinal parasites. children under one year of age were free of intestinal helminths and protozoa. parasites were equally prevalent in males and females and without any age group predilection. the prevalence of intestinal parasites were entamoeba histolytica 6.8%, giardia lamblia 6.1%, others were ...	1984	6523173
[epidemiologic survey of intestinal parasitoses in peruvian amazonia].	an epidemiological survey was carried out in 4 native villages from tribe cashibo, in amazonia (peru). among 165 stools examination, 92% were positives for helminthic (hookworms: 72%, roundworms and whipworms: 55% each, strongyloides: 5%) and protozoan infections (entamoeba coli and endolimax nana: 50% each, entamoeba histolytica 24%, giardia intestinalis 17%). balantidium coli is not seldom (6%). polyparasitism, very frequent, is reported with a maximum of 10 species. the most important village ...	1984	6525727
[hepatic amebiasis: study of 152 cases].	the purpose of this study was to describe and analyse retrospectively the clinical, serological, anatomical and evolutive features of 152 cases of hepatic amebiasis in young adults, treated and followed up in france from 1969 to 1983. the disease was revealed 3 times out of 4 by tender hepatomegaly with fever, but only in 6 cases by complications. serological tests (immunofluorescence or hemagglutination) were always positive for amebiasis, whereas entamoeba histolytica was absent from stools in ...	1984	6526240
serological studies of entamoeba histolytica infection in north indian population.		1984	6532965
cytopathologic diagnosis of extracolonic amebiasis.	extracolonic amebiasis must be distinguished from bacterial abscesses and neoplastic disease. newer technology in diagnostic and interventional radiology permits such lesions to be aspirated more accurately for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, often averting an open surgical procedure. paracecal and hepatic masses of one patient, who presented with fever and abdominal pain, were shown to be amebic abscesses by cytopathologic examination of material obtained by ultrasonically guided perc ...	1983	6580801
amoebic liver abscess: an auckland experience.	globally, liver abscess caused by entamoeba histolytica is a common condition. in new zealand, however, it occurs infrequently. eight cases were diagnosed in auckland between 1972 and 1982, each patient having travelled through an endemic area within two years of presentation. management often was not ideal, with both delays in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. there is a need for increased awareness of possible amoebic abscesses in those who have been in endemic areas because with prompt u ...	1984	6583578
[intestinal parasites in foreigners entering east germany].	among the so-called imported diseases the intestinal parasitoses occupy an important place. examinations of 5,168 foreigners who entered our country in the district of halle resulted in the most frequent invasiveness for trichuris trichiura (whipworm) with 54.33%, ascaris lumbricoides (eel-worm) with 26.90% and ancylostomatides (hookworms) with 17.88%. the entamoeba histolytica could be proved in 1.90% of the test persons, the giardia lamblia in 3.35%. the severest parasitism showed persons from ...	1983	6613197
the incidence of amoebiasis among secondary school students in calabar, nigeria.	a study was conducted among 2 500 secondary school students in calabar, in order to determine the incidence of amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica. microscopic examination of faecal sample smears showed higher percentage infections in the males than in the females; 61 out of 1 250 males were infected (4.8%), while 52 of 1 250 females were infected (4.1%). among infected persons, asymptomatic carriers (64.6%) and symptomatic cases (35.4%) were recorded. infection was lower among students u ...	1983	6629207
natural entamoeba histolytica infection in domestic animals and rodents in dakahlia governorate, egypt.		1983	6631088
the adverse consequences of heavy trichuris infection.	sixty-seven children with heavy trichuris trichiura infection (group a) were compared to 73 control children of similar socio-economic status but with light or no t. trichiura (group b), for nutritional status, rates of concomitant bacterial and protozoal, and symptoms and clinical signs associated with heavy t. trichiura infection. anoscopy was used to determine heavy t. trichiura infection. measurements and physical examination were done on group a on admission to and discharge from hospital; ...	1983	6636270
phase 1 tolerability and antiamoebic activity studies with 1-methylsulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-2-imidazolidinone (go.10213): a new antiprotozoal agent.	go.10213, a new nitroimidazole, was studied in 12 male volunteers for tolerability and in 20 patients with intestinal amoebiasis for antiamoebic activity. go.10213 was well-tolerated by volunteers up to a dose of 400 mg x 3. patients also tolerated well the dose of 100-150 mg x 3 for 7 days. in two patients, there were mild and transient side-effects like headache, dizziness, fatigue, etc. no neurological side-effects were observed. there were no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate ...	1983	6639838
role of macrophages in host defense against hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters.	the role of macrophages in hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters has been investigated by means of antimacrophage serum prepared in rabbits. animals treated with normal rabbit serum or antimacrophage serum, as well as untreated controls, were inoculated intrahepatically with 10(5) axenic trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. in hamsters treated with antimacrophage serum before intrahepatic inoculation of amoebae, the mean weight of the metastatic foci was significantly greater than in normal rabbit se ...	1983	6642657
induction of lung tumors and lymphomas in balb/c mice by metronidazole.	metronidazole, which is widely used in the treatment of "trichomonas vaginalis", "entamoeba histolytica" and "giardia lamblia" infections, was administered to balb/c mice by stomach tube in an aqueous solution at a dose rate of 2 mg/day for 100 days (total 200 mg) to test its carcinogenicity. the treatment induced a significant increase in lung tumors in male mice (p less than 0.001) and provoked the appearance of lymphomas in females (p less than 0.001). although there is insufficient evidence ...	1983	6649066
treatment of chronic amebiasis in pediatric patients with a suspension of quinfamide.	quinfamide, a dichloroacetyl quinolol synthesized and tested at sterling winthrop research institute, is a potent luminal amebicide with potential utility for a one-day treatment of chronic and subacute amebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica. previous studies demonstrated that quinfamide is a safe and efficacious drug for adult patients when given as a one-day treatment regimen of 300 mg taken in tablet form at a dosage of 100 mg every eight hours. to test the drug in suspension form in pedia ...	1983	6673831
a study of the incidence of porcine taeniasis and other intestinal parasites in a rural community of south western nigeria.	in the course of an investigation into the incidence of porcine taeniasis among humans and and pigs which live in close contact with each other in a rural town of south-western nigeria, no incidence of the parasite was found. ascaris, strongyle (hookworm in case of humans) and trichuris were the helminths encountered while entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba coli were the common protozoan cysts. polyparasitism was common and a 12 year old boy had salmonella infection concurrently with ascaris an ...	1983	6685713
schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium, and s. japonicum: identification of genus-, species-, and gender-specific antigenic worm glycoproteins.	immunoreactive glycoproteins of schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium, and s. japonicum adult worms which are genus-, species-, and gender-specific, or react with sera of patients infected with other parasites, have been identified. schistosomes were metabolically labeled with [35s]methionine and the concanavalin-a binding glycoproteins that were immunoprecipitated with sera of patients infected with one of three species of schistosoma or trichinella spiralis, taenia solium, echinococcus granulosu ...	1984	6692879
the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) as an experimental host for entamoeba histolytica.	experimentally induced cecal and hepatic amebiasis was studied in the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus). axenically cultivated entamoeba histolytica trophozoites were inoculated into the cecum or the liver after laparotomy. cecal infections were characterized by intense inflammation and distortion of the tissue. the intensity of the infection, measured by a standard method of scoring, was consistently high from 10 to 30 days postinoculation (p.i.). in tissue sections, disruption of the in ...	1984	6696183
nitroimidazoles in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis.	nitroimidazoles have been extensively evaluated in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, liver and intestinal amebiasis. the most widely used are metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole. tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole have a much longer half-life than metronidazole, allowing single-dose or once daily administration. nitro-5-imidazoles remain extremely effective drugs for treating protozoans, trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia intestinalis. al ...	1984	6698665
amebiasis presenting as multiple apple core lesions.	an unusual manifestation of amebiasis is presented to demonstrate its ability to masquerade as carcinoma or a variety of colitides. the importance of actively considering entamoeba histolytica-induced disease in a differential diagnosis of bloody diarrhea is emphasized.	1984	6702807
intestinal protozoa in homosexual men of the san francisco bay area: prevalence and correlates of infection.	to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in male homosexuals selected from other sources with the levels previously reported from clinic-derived populations, various homosexual groups of the san francisco bay area were checked by means of stool examination and questionnaires for prevalence of intestinal parasites and for related sexual behavioral patterns during a 3-year period. the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica (28.6%) was similar to that reported in other studies, wher ...	1984	6711741
parasites found in the mouths of inhabitants of three villages of south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.	infection rates of parasites in the oral cavity were compared for two study areas in south kalimantan, indonesia. penguiran and sungai baru, two adjacent villages, were considered a single study area and were inhabited by 151 individuals ranging from 2 to 70 years. tanah intan, the second study area, had a population of 265 persons who also ranged from 2 to 70 years. the standard of living was low in all the villages (average of 450 u.s. dollars per family per year). teeth and gums were examined ...	1984	6729983
[amebic liver abscess--diagnostic and therapeutic advances].	liver abscess is the most frequent complication of intestinal disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. noninvasive procedures are nowaday most important in establishing the diagnosis: sonography, scintigraphy and computer tomography (ct). sonography is rather precise and should be used in the first place. recently it became possible to demonstrate specific antigens to amoeba in the pus of the abscess or in liver biopsy material; this procedure has been proven to be dependable and fast in establi ...	1984	6738288
a bifunctional thymidylate synthetase-dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa.	thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase exist as a bifunctional protein in a number of species of protozoa which span diverse groups of the subkingdom. the enzymes copurify upon gel filtration and on affinity chromatography columns specific for dihydrofolate reductase. the bifunctional protein has been found in species of crithidia, leishmania, trypanosoma, plasmodium, eimeria, tetrahymena and euglena. for reasons unknown, neither enzyme could be detected in entamoeba histolytica or e ...	1984	6749182
in vitro lymphocyte stimulation in patients with lepromatous and borderline tuberculoid leprosy. the effect of dapsone treatment on the response to mycobacterium leprae antigens, tuberculin purified protein derivative and non-mycobacterial stimulants.	lymphocytes from peripheral blood were isolated from leprosy patients and healthy contacts (hc) of leprosy patients and stimulated in vitro with: mycobacterium leprae and a m. leprae cell wall antigen, mlw 1; tuberculin purified protein derivative (ppd); antigens prepared from candida albicans, entamoeba histolytica, leishmania aethiopica, and parotitis virus; the non-specific mitogens phytohemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con-a). lymphocytes from patients with untreated lepromatous lepro ...	1982	6763003
intestinal protozoan infection in a semicommunal group.	a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of protozoan parasites in a large semicommunal group in los angeles. protozoan parasites were observed in 151 (69%) of the 220 group members in the study. parasites were observed in stool specimens from 105 (76%) of the 138 children and 46 (56%) of the 82 adults. dientamoeba fragilis was observed in 115 (52%), giardia lamblia in 50 (23%), entamoeba histolytica in 9 (4%), and commensals in 61 (28%). parasitic infection was infrequent in infants l ...	1983	6824128
cutaneous amebiasis.	an infant with cutaneous amebiasis of the vulva and amebic liver abscess is described. epidemiologic investigations and serologic studies were crucial in establishing the diagnosis. the vulvar amebic ulcers responded dramatically to metronidazole therapy. cutaneous amebiasis is a rare complication of entamoeba histolytica infection which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perineovulvar or penile ulcers. cutaneous amebiasis may also occur on the abdominal wall surrounding a dra ...	1983	6835740
parasitic infection among residents of an institution for mentally retarded persons.	data on occurrence of intestinal parasites among resident and entering populations in a south carolina institution for mentally retarded persons were examined. following an eradication effort in 1973 for trichuris trichiura, the prevalence of this parasite remained below 5 percent for the resident population, with the exception of 1974 and 1975, when small numbers of stool examinations occurred. significantly higher proportions of the entering population, compared to the residents, harbored t. t ...	1983	6837648
[parasitic diarrheas].	the role of parasites as etiologic agents in diarrhoea is emphasized. in countries of western europe, entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia are the most prevalent species, although some other 20 protozoans and helminths may lead to diarrhoeic disturbances. parasitology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and therapy are briefly outlined. the need for competence on the part of the personnel responsible for laboratory diagnosis is emphasized; also, newly developed immunodiagnostic method ...	1983	6852754
unruptured amoebic liver abscess presenting as acute abdomen.	unruptured amoebic liver abscess is usually not regarded as a surgical emergency. at university college hospital, ibadan, in a two-year period from june 1975 to may 1977, six cases of unruptured amoebic liver abscess underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy because they presented as cases of acute abdomen. the initial diagnoses made by senior physicians included perforated duodenal ulcer, intestinal obstruction, cholecystitis and appendicitis. all patients had persistent draining sinuses after ...	1983	6879689