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analysis of stereochemistry and biosynthesis of epicatechin in tea plants by chiral phase high performance liquid chromatography.tea (camellia sinensis) is rich in flavan-3-ols (catechins), especially epicatechin (ec), which is the predominant extension unit of polymeric proanthocyanidins (pas). however, studies assessing ec's stereochemistry are scarce. here, a high performance liquid chromatography column using amylose tris-(3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica-gel as chiral stationary phases (csps) was applied to explore its stereochemistry and biosynthetic pathway in tea plants. the results revealed (-) ...201526519617
cs-mir156 is involved in the nitrogen form regulation of catechins accumulation in tea plant (camellia sinensis l.).the nitrogen source affects the growth of tea plants and regulates the accumulation of catechins in the leaves. in this report, we assessed the influences of nh4(+) and no3(-) on plant growth, catechins accumulation and associated gene expression. compared with the preferential nitrogen source nh4(+), when no3(-) was supplied as the sole nitrogen source, tea plants showed similar symptoms with the nitrogen-free treatments and showed lower nitrogen, free amino acid accumulation, chlorophyll conte ...201526520678
a systematic review of medicinal plants used for weight loss in brazil: is there potential for obesity treatment?obesity is a pandemic disease and its prevalence is still increasing. moreover, it has important costs to public health. in brazil, many plants are used for weight loss by overweight or obese people, but there is a lack of scientific basis for this practice. many ethnobotanical studies aiming to characterize this usage have been published, but they are still limited by the region considered and the diversity of the popular knowledge.201526520790
plants and other natural products used in the management of oral infections and improvement of oral health.challenges of resistance to synthetic antimicrobials have opened new vistas in the search for natural products. this article rigorously reviews plants and other natural products used in oral health: punica granatum l. (pomegranate), matricaria recutita l. (chamomile), camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (green tea), chewing sticks made from diospyros mespiliformis hochst. ex a.d.c., diospyros lycioides desf., and salvadora persica l. (miswak), honey and propolis from the manuka tree (leptospermum scop ...201626522671
new sample preparation method for quantification of phenolic compounds of tea (camellia sinensis l. kuntze): a polyphenol rich plant.chemical analysis of the sri lankan tea (camellia sinensis, l.) germplasm would immensely contribute to the success of the tea breeding programme. however, the polyphenols, particularly catechins (flavan-3-ols), are readily prone to oxidation in the conventional method of sample preparation. therefore, optimization of the present sample preparation methodology for the profiling of metabolites is much important. two sample preparation methodologies were compared, fresh leaves (as in the conventio ...201526543665
genome-wide identification of genes probably relevant to the uniqueness of tea plant (camellia sinensis) and its cultivars.tea (camellia sinensis) is a popular beverage all over the world and a number of studies have focused on the genetic uniqueness of tea and its cultivars. however, molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are largely undefined. in this report, based on expression data available from public databases, we performed a series of analyses to identify genes probably relevant to the uniqueness of c. sinensis and two of its cultivars (lj43 and zh2). evolutionary analyses showed that the evolutiona ...201526543846
toothpastes containing abrasive and chemical whitening agents: efficacy in reducing extrinsic dental staining.this in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of toothpastes containing abrasive and chemical whitening agents in reducing the extrinsic discoloration of dental enamel. sixty slabs of dentin from human teeth were sealed so that only the enamel surface was exposed. the enamel surfaces were photographed for initial color assessment. staining was performed by immersing the dental slabs in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 minutes and then in black tea for 60 minutes. this process was repeated 15 times ...201726545284
natural polyphenols: potential in the prevention of sexually transmitted viral infections.sexually transmitted viral infections represent a major public health concern due to lack of effective prevention strategies. efforts are ongoing to develop modalities that can enable simultaneous prevention of multiple sexually transmitted infections. in the present review, we discuss the potential of natural polyphenols to prevent sexually transmitted viral infections. the review gives an account of various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavins (blac ...201626546859
tea polyphenols as an antivirulence compound disrupt quorum-sensing regulated pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa.green tea, a water extract of non-fermented leaves of camellia sinensis l., is one of the nonalcoholic beverages in china. it is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, because of its refreshing, mild stimulant and medicinal properties. here we examined the quorum sensing inhibitory potentials of tea polyphenols (tp) as antivirulence compounds both in vitro and in vivo. biosensor assay data suggested minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of tp against selected pathogens were 6.25 ~ 12.5 mg/m ...201526548447
topical lipophilic epigallocatechin-3-gallate on herpes labialis: a phase ii clinical trial of averteax formula.previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that catechins from the tea plant (camellia sinensis) have a therapeutic effect on herpes simplex virus infections. the aim of this study was to clinically evaluate a topical proprietary formulation containing lipophilic catechins (averteax, camellix, llc, evans, ga, usa) on recurrent herpes labialis.201526548726
isolation and expression analysis of 18 csbzip genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in the tea plant (camellia sinensis).basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors (tfs) play essential roles in regulating stress processes in plants. despite the economic importance of this woody crop, there is little information about bzip tfs in tea plants. in this study, 18 bzip genes were isolated from the tea plant (camellia sinensis) and named sequentially from csbzip1 to csbzip18. according to the phylogenetic classification as in arabidopsis, the csbzip genes spanned ten subgroups (group a, b, c, d, e, f, h, i, s and ...201526555901
antioxidant activity and phenolic content of leaf infusions of myrtaceae species from cerrado (brazilian savanna).abstractthere is considerable interest in identifying new antioxidants from plant materials. several studies have emphasized the antioxidant activity of species belonging to the myrtaceae family. however, there are few reports on these species from the cerrado (brazilian savanna). in this study, the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 12 native myrtaceae species from the cerrado were evaluated (blepharocalyx salicifolius, eugenia bimarginata, eugenia dysenterica, eugenia klotzschiana, h ...201526560669
black tea: phytochemicals, cancer chemoprevention, and clinical studies.tea (camellia sinensis l.) is the most popular, flavored, functional, and therapeutic non-alcoholic drink consumed by two-thirds of the world's population. black tea leaves are reported to contain thousands of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, amino acids, volatile compounds, and alkaloids that exhibit a range of promising pharmacological properties. due to strong antioxidant property, black tea inhibits the development of various cancers by regulating oxidative damage of biomolecules, ...201726561007
biotechnological advances in tea (camellia sinensis [l.] o. kuntze): a review.this article presents a comprehensive review on the success and limitations of biotechnological approaches aimed at genetic improvement of tea with a purpose to explore possibilities to address challenging areas. tea is a woody perennial tree with a life span of more than 100 years. conventional breeding of tea is slow and limited primarily to selection which leads to narrowing down of its genetic base. harnessing the benefits of wild relatives has been negligible due to low cross-compatibility, ...201626563347
regulation of formation of volatile compounds of tea (camellia sinensis) leaves by single light wavelength.regulation of plant growth and development by light wavelength has been extensively studied. less attention has been paid to effect of light wavelength on formation of plant metabolites. the objective of this study was to investigate whether formation of volatiles in preharvest and postharvest tea (camellia sinensis) leaves can be regulated by light wavelength. in the present study, in contrast to the natural light or dark treatment, blue light (470 nm) and red light (660 nm) significantly incre ...201526567525
estimation of flavonoid intake in older australians: secondary data analysis of the blue mountains eye study.flavonoids, consumed in plant-based foods, have been linked to risk reduction of cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. the paucity of information on dietary sources and quantities of flavonoid intake in older adults limits interpretation of epidemiological studies that link flavonoid intake with health outcomes in this population. it was our aim to describe total flavonoid intake, including flavonoid subclasses, in older australians and to identify rich and commonly consumed s ...201526571356
mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea.tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant camellia sinensis, has been shown to reduce body weight, alleviate metabolic syndrome, and prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. such beneficial effects have generally been observed in most human studies when the level of tea consumption was three to four cups (600-900 mg tea catechins) or more per day. green tea is more effective than black tea. in spite of numerous studies, the fundamental mechanisms for ...201626577614
black tea extract and its theaflavin derivatives inhibit the growth of periodontopathogens and modulate interleukin-8 and β-defensin secretion in oral epithelial cells.over the years, several studies have brought evidence suggesting that tea polyphenols, mostly from green tea, may have oral health benefits. since few data are available concerning the beneficial properties of black tea and its theaflavin derivatives against periodontal disease, the objective of this study was to investigate their antibacterial activity as well as their ability to modulate interleukin-8 and human β-defensin (hbd) secretion in oral epithelial cells. among the periodontopathogenic ...201526581041
next-generation sequencing reveals differentially amplified tandem repeats as a major genome component of northern europe's oldest camellia japonica.northern europe's oldest and largest camellia japonica growing at the pillnitz castle (germany) for over 200 years is of botanical and cultural importance and is a reference for c. japonica molecular scale analysis. in order to provide a fundament for genome analysis of the genus camellia, we characterize the c. japonica tandem repeat fraction, constituting 12.5 % of the pillnitz camellia's genome. a genomic library of the pillnitz c. japonica was produced and illumina sequenced to generate 36 g ...201526582634
the effect of different drinks on the color stability of different restorative materials after one month.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different drinks on the color parameters of four different restorative materials.201526587410
antioxidant activities of distiller dried grains with solubles as protein films containing tea extracts and their application in the packaging of pork meat.distiller dried grains with solubles (ddgs) as protein (dp) films were prepared. additionally, to prepare anti-oxidant films, green tea extract (gte), oolong tea extract (ote), and black tea extract (bte) were incorporated into the dp films. consequently, the incorporation of the tea extracts did not alter the physical properties of the films much, whereas the antioxidant activities, such as abts and dpph radical scavenging activities were observed. to apply the dp films containing tea extracts ...201626593480
altering the phenolics profile of a green tea leaves extract using exogenous oxidases.transformation from green tea leaves into black tea involves oxidation of catechins into theaflavins and other complex phenolics by endogenous enzymes in tea leaves. by employing tyrosinase and laccase, both from agaricus bisporus, on green tea catechins, the oxidation process was directed towards a higher theaflavins content, which is considered an important quality parameter in tea. the main tea catechins were incubated with tyrosinase and laccase, and product formation was monitored by rp-uhp ...201626593607
new ethanol extraction improves the anti-obesity effects of black tea.black tea has been reported to have anti-obesity effects in both rodents and humans. gallic acid, an active component of black tea, decomposes quickly into pyrogallol in high-temperature solutions. this study introduced a new, aqueous ethanol extraction of black tea, which resulted in extracts with higher concentrations of gallic acid than conventional black tea extracts prepared by hot-water extraction or hot-ethanol extraction. we confirmed that, compared with the hot-water extract of black te ...201626604105
spatial variability of theaflavins and thearubigins fractions and their impact on black tea quality.the spatial distribution of theaflavin and thearubigin fractions and their impact on black tea quality were investigated using multivariate and geostatistics techniques. black tea samples were collected from tea gardens of six geographical regions of assam and west bengal, india. total theaflavin (tf) and its four fractions of upper assam, south bank and north bank teas were higher than the other regions. simple theaflavin showed highest significant correlation with tasters' quality. low molecul ...201526604370
effects of alternative steeping methods on composition, antioxidant property and colour of green, black and oolong tea infusions.cold water steeping is reported to maximise tea health benefits, but requires long infusion time. in this work, the employment of a brief hot infusion step followed by ice addition was evaluated. the comparison of this innovative method with hot and cold steeping was investigated on green, black and oolong teas. catechins, xanthines and gallic acid content, antioxidant power, total phenolics and colour analysis were evaluated. hot infusion shown rapid extractive power, but relevant compound degr ...201526604404
extraction, partial purification and determination of some biochemical properties of β-glucosidase from tea leaves (camellia sinensis l.).this research was carried out to determine biochemical properties of β-glucosidase (β-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) isolated from turkish tea leaves. two protein peaks containing β-glucosidase activity were recovered and characterized, which were denoted as isoenzyme a and isoenzyme b. their ph optimum, thermal resistances, affinity towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside differed markedly. they both displayed maximal activity at ph 5.0. the effects of the inhibitors tested varied i ...201526604410
a bibliometric study of scientific literature in scopus on botanicals for treatment of androgenetic alopecia.in androgenetic alopecia, a number of botanicals are available that can effectively slow or reduce hair loss and inflammation or stimulate partial hair regrowth. the aim of this study was to provide a descriptive overview of the impact and production of literature on botanicals used for androgenetic alopecia and to perform a citation analysis of the related research articles.201626608588
temperature and time of steeping affect the antioxidant properties of white, green, and black tea infusions.tea (camellia sinensis) is the most highly consumed beverage in the world next to water. the common way of preparation is steeping in hot water which is varying for different type of tea. we investigated the antioxidant properties of 6 type of tea leaves under different time and temperatures of extraction method used. in general, all samples tested in this study demonstrated high levels of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity. the results indicate that the antioxidants activity is signi ...201626613545
brewing and volatiles analysis of three tea beers indicate a potential interaction between tea components and lager yeast.green tea, oolong tea and black tea were separately introduced to brew three kinds of tea beers. a model was designed to investigate the tea beer flavour character. comparison of the volatiles between the sample of tea beer plus water mixture (tbw) and the sample of combination of tea infusion and normal beer (ctb) was accomplished by triangular sensory test and hs-spme gc-ms analysis. the pca of gc-ms data not only showed a significant difference between volatile features of each tbw and ctb gr ...201626616936
bioactive constituents of wood rot extract of tea, camellia sinensis l.o. kuntze against alates of low country live wood termite glyptotermes dilatatus bugnion and popoff (isoptera: kalotermitidae).low country live wood termite (lclwt), glyptotermes dilatatus is attractive to rotted stumps of tea plant, camellia sinensis. rotted stumps are formed due to the attack of wood rot fungi in pruned stems. the objective of the present study was to investigate the response of lclwt to extracts of rotted and healthy stems of susceptible tea cultivars, tri 2023 and tri 4042 and tolerant cultivars, tri 2027 and tri 4049 and isolate the lclwt attractive fractions of tea stem extract. since pieces of ro ...201526618100
camellia sinensis ameliorates the efficacy of last line antibiotics against carbapenem resistant escherichia coli.aquo-ethanolic extract of camellia sinensis (ptrc-31911-a), standardized using fourier transform infrared analysis, was found to have seven common functional groups in comparison with pre-identified marker compound 'quercetin'. phyto-chemical quantitation analysis revealed the presence of 10.65 µg/mg of flavonoids. the bioactivity fingerprint profile of ptrc-31911-a includes ic50 (hydroxyl radical site specific scavenging)  = 11.36 ± 0.5 µg/ml, ic80 (hydroxyl radical non-site specific scavenging ...201626620305
effects of tannic acid, green tea and red wine on herg channels expressed in hek293 cells.tannic acid presents in varying concentrations in plant foods, and in relatively high concentrations in green teas and red wines. human ether-à-go-go-related gene (herg) channels expressed in multiple tissues (e.g. heart, neurons, smooth muscle and cancer cells), and play important roles in modulating cardiac action potential repolarization and tumor cell biology. the present study investigated the effects of tannic acid, green teas and red wines on herg currents. the effects of tannic acid, tea ...201526625122
mutagenicity assessment of drinking water in combination with flavored black tea bags: a cross sectional study in tehran.diseases related to water impurities may present as major public health burdens. the present study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of drinking water from different zones of tehran, and evaluate possible health risks through making tea with tea bags, by ames mutagenicity test using ta 100, ta 98 and yg1029 strains. for this purpose, 450 water samples were collected over the period of july to december 2014 from 5 different zones of tehran. except for one sample, no mutagenic potential was detecte ...201526625748
identification and expression profiling of the auxin response factors (arfs) in the tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) under various abiotic stresses.auxin response factor (arf) proteins are a multigene family of regulators involved in various physiological and developmental processes in plants. however, their modes of action in the tea plant (camellia sinensis) remain largely unknown. in this study, we identified 15 members of the tea arf gene family, using the public information about c. sinensis, both in our laboratory, as well as in other laboratories, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, conserved domains and the compositions o ...201626637949
antimicrobial activity of different tea varieties available in pakistan.in this antimicrobial study, various extracts of green and black tea (camellia sinensis) and lemon grass (cymbopogon citrates) were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against six bacterial strains including both human pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeuroginosa, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi) and plant pathogenic bacteria (erwinia carotovora, agro bacterium tumifaciens) and one fungal strain candida albicans by disc diffusion susceptibility method. of human pa ...201526639502
analysis of naturally occurring fluoride in commercial teas and estimation of its daily intake through tea consumption.the aim of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride in commercial teas and to estimate the contribution of tea consumption to the fluoride recommended daily allowance. a total of 558 tea products in 6 categories, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, pu'er tea, white tea, and reprocessed tea, were collected in the period from 2010 to 2013. the levels of fluoride in infusions of these teas were determined by a fluoride-ion selective electrode. the mean fluoride level in all of the tea sampl ...201626647101
theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate decreases human ovarian carcinoma ovcar-3 cell-induced angiogenesis via akt and notch-1 pathways, not via mapk pathways.theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (tf3) is a black tea polyphenol produced from polymerization and oxidization of the green tea ployphenols epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) during fermentation of fresh tea leaves. tf3 has been reported to have anticancer properties. however, the effect of tf3 on tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. in the present study, tf3 was verified to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. compared with egcg, tf3 was more potent. tf3 in ...201626648098
eriophyoid mites (acari, eriophyoidea) associated with tea plants, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species.a new genus and two new species of mites in the family eriophyidae, theaphyes rapaneae gen. n. and sp. n. which is found on the type host rapanea neriifolia (sieb. et zucc.) mez (myrsinaceae) and paracaphyllisa theacea sp. n., are described and illustrated. they are vagrants on the tea plant camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze and no apparent symptoms were detected. a key to the eriophyoid mites including thirteen species associated with tea plants all over the world is provided.201526668544
characterization and cloning of laccase gene from hericium coralloides nbrc 7716 suitable for production of epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate.epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate (etfgg) is a minor polyphenol found in black tea extract, which has good physiological functions. it is synthesized from epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) with gallic acid via laccase oxidation. various basidiomycetes and fungi were screened to find a suitable laccase for the production of etfgg. a basidiomycete, hericium coralloides nbrc 7716, produced an appropriate extracellular laccase. the purified laccase produced twice the level of etfgg compared with commercial ...201626672458
regular consumption of black tea increases circulating kynurenine concentrations: a randomized controlled trial.circulating neopterin and the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan (kyn/trp) concentrations are biomarkers of immune activation that have been linked to cardiovascular and total mortality. several in vitro studies indicated that tea flavonoids and other antioxidants can modulate tryptophan breakdown rates and neopterin production in immune cells. we aimed to assess the effects of regular black tea consumption on tryptophan and neopterin metabolisms in vivo.201526673554
antioxidant activity and phenolic content of leaf infusions of myrtaceae species from cerrado (brazilian savanna).there is considerable interest in identifying new antioxidants from plant materials. several studies have emphasized the antioxidant activity of species belonging to the myrtaceae family. however, there are few reports on these species from the cerrado (brazilian savanna). in this study, the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 12 native myrtaceae species from the cerrado were evaluated (blepharocalyx salicifolius, eugenia bimarginata, eugenia dysenterica, eugenia klotzschiana, hexachlam ...201526675912
shu wang.my favorite drink is chinese black tea. my favorite reaction is natural dna synthesis.201526681497
evaluation of trace metal and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in tea brands of different origin commercialized in italy.the objectives of this study were to investigate the trace element (hg, cd, pb, cu, zn, ni, fe, cr and se) and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcbs) content of several commercially available brands of green and black tea marketed in italy. the concentrations these chemicals were found to be variable and largely dependent upon the type and brand of analysed tea. the most abundant element among the essential elements was fe, followed by zn, cu, se, ni and cr, whereas pb was the predominant among the tes ...201626683308
cyp74b24 is the 13-hydroperoxide lyase involved in biosynthesis of green leaf volatiles in tea (camellia sinensis).green leaf volatiles (glvs) are c6-aliphatic aldehydes/alcohols/acetates, and biosynthesized from the central precursor fatty acid 13-hydroperoxides by 13-hydroperoxide lyases (hpls) in various plant species. while glvs have been implicated as defense compounds in plants, glvs give characteristic grassy note to a bouquet of aroma in green tea, which is manufactured from young leaves of camellia sinensis. here we identify three hpl-related genes from c. sinensis via rna-sequencing (rna-seq) in si ...201626686283
a pilot study testing a natural and a synthetic molluscicide for controlling invasive apple snails (pomacea maculata).pomacea maculata (formerly p. insularum), an apple snail native to south america, was discovered in louisiana in 2008. these snails strip vegetation, reproduce at tremendous rates, and have reduced rice production and caused ecosystem changes in asia. in this pilot study snails were exposed to two molluscicides, a tea (camellia sinensis) seed derivative (tsd) or niclosamide monohydrate (pestanal(®), 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, cas #73360-56-2). mortality was recorded after exposure to ...201626687501
stereochemistry of the black tea pigments theacitrins a and c.theacitrins a-c are yellow pigments of black tea that are produced by oxidative coupling of gallocatechins, i.e., flavan-3-ols with pyrogallol-type b-rings. however, their stereostructures have not yet been determined. in this study, dft calculations of nmr chemical shifts of theacitrin c (1) and tddft calculations of the ecd spectra of theacitrinin a (5), a degradation product of theacitrin c (1), were used to determine the stereostructure of the theacitrins. furthermore, the preparation of the ...201626689950
extraction and free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharide from 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze).in this study, the optimization of the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) (ap) was investigated by response surface methodology (rsm). three main independent variables (extraction temperature, time, ratio of water to raw material) were taken into consideration. and then the free radical scavenging activities of the sample were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. the rsm analysis showed good corr ...201626691382
effect of black tea consumption on intracellular cytokines, regulatory t cells and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of black tea intake on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). thirty patients with t2dm were randomly assigned either to a high intake (hi) group, consuming three cups (600 ml) of black tea per day; and a low intake (li) group, administered 1 cup (200 ml) per day, each during a 12-week period. intracellular cytokine expression, regulatory t cells (treg), glycemic and lipid profiles were measured ...201626692322
time series changes in radiocaesium distribution in tea plants (camellia sinensis (l.)) after the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident.radiocaesium ((134)cs and (137)cs) release following the accident at the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant, belonging to the tokyo electric power company caused severe contamination of new tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.)) shoots by radiocaesium in many prefectures in eastern japan. because tea plants are perennial crops, there is the fear that the contamination might last for a long time. the objectives of this study were to reveal time series changes in the distribution of radiocaesium i ...201626695880
healing mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze) on chronic gastric ulcers.green tea is an infusion of unfermented leaves of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (theaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and gastric complaints. this study evaluated the mechanisms involved in the gastric ulcer healing of the hydroalcoholic extract from green tea (get), its ethyl acetate fraction, (geac) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) using the model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. the chronic gastric ulcer was induced by application o ...201626715119
[aging process of puer black tea studied by ftir spectroscopy combined with curve-fitting analysis].for better determination of the chemical components in the puer black tea, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for obtaining vibrational spectra of puer black tea at different aging time. fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectra indicated that the chemical components had change in puer black tea at different aging time. the leaf of puer black tea was a complex system, its fourier transform infrared spectrum showed a total overlap of each absorption spectrum of various components. e ...201526717740
protective effects of black tea extract against oxidative dna damage in human lymphocytes.the aim of the present study was to examine the genoprotective and radioprotective effects of black tea extract (bte) against the induction of single strand dna breaks in human lymphocytes subjected to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or gamma-rays (2 gy dose). lymphocytes were incubated with or without different concentrations of bte (0.005-500 µg/ml) for 30 min, followed by treatment with or without h2o2 (0.088 µmol/l) for 5 min. to examine the radioprotective effect of bte, the lymphocytes were incub ...201626718244
epigallocatechin gallate and mitochondria-a story of life and death.epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is a flavonoid belonging to the chemical class of falvan-3-ols (catechins) esterified with gallic acid. it is the main catechin found in green tea (camellia sinensis l.) accounting for about 50% of its total polyphenols. extensive research performed in recent years has revealed that green tea demonstrates a wide range of positive biological activities against serious chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies, cancer, metabolic syndr ...201626731017
determination of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-cqa) as one of the major classes of chlorogenic acid in commercial tea and coffee samples.tea and coffee are one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to their beneficial health effects which are largely associated with their phenolic compounds composition, including chlorogenic acid. the main aim of this study was to determine 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-cqa), as one of the major classes of chlorogenic acid, in various commercial tea and coffee samples present at the serbian market.201526731977
anion channel inhibitor nppb-inhibited fluoride accumulation in tea plant (camellia sinensis) is related to the regulation of ca²⁺, cam and depolarization of plasma membrane potential.tea plant is known to be a hyper-accumulator of fluoride (f). over-intake of f has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, e.g., dental fluorosis. thus, understanding the mechanisms fluoride accumulation and developing potential approaches to decrease f uptake in tea plants might be beneficial for human health. in the present study, we found that pretreatment with the anion channel inhibitor nppb reduced f accumulation in tea plants. simultaneously, we observed that nppb triggered ca ...201626742036
effect of resin and photoinitiator on color, translucency and color stability of conventional and low-shrinkage model composites.to study the effect of a low-shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on color, translucency, and color stability of model resin-based composites (rbcs).201626743968
[determination of flavonol glycosides in tea samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry].an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-pda-ms/ms) method was developed for the determination of flavonol glycosides in tea samples. the chromatographic separation was performed on an uplc hss t3 column by gradient elution with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. a total of 15 flavonol glycosides which include 3 myricetin glycosides, 6 quercetin glycosides and 6 kaempferol glycosides ...201526753286
effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial.herbal medicines with high amounts of phytochemicals have been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure (bp), endothelial function and anthropometric measures. this study aimed to determine the effect of herbal treatment on bp, endothelial function and anthropometric measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). this clinical trial included 204 t2dm patients randomly assigned to four intervention groups receiving 3 g cinnamon, 3 g cardamom, 1 g saffron or 3 g ginger with t ...201626758574
lifestyle factors and risk of leukemia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study.risk factors for leukemia and lymphomas in adults are largely unknown. this study was aimed at evaluating the association between lifestyle factors and the risk of hematological malignancies in an adult population.201626759332
maillard reaction of pidan white as inhibited by chinese black tea extract (camellia sinensis) in the pickling solution.changes in maillard reaction of pidan white were monitored with a294, fluorescence intensity, and browning intensity during pickling in the absence and presence of chinese black tea extract (camellia sinensis) at levels of 2% and 5% together with 0.2% zncl2 or 0.2% cacl2 up to 3 wk, followed by ageing for another 3 wk. browning intensity and a294 of pidan white increased with increasing pickling/ageing, while fluorescence intensity decreased during ageing (p<0.05), irrespective of treatments. at ...201426761277
al(3+) -promoted fluoride accumulation in tea plants (camellia sinensis) was inhibited by an anion channel inhibitor dids.generally, tea plants are grown in acid soil which is rich in aluminum (al) and fluoride (f). a recent publication showed that pretreatment with al(3+) promoted f accumulation in tea plants by increasing endogenous ca(2+) and calmodulin (cam). a high level of f in tea leaves not only impairs tea quality but also might pose a health risk for people drinking tea regularly. therefore it is important to try to find some clues which might be beneficial in controlling f accumulation in tea plants grow ...201626777729
transcriptomic analysis of camellia ptilophylla and identification of genes associated with flavonoid and caffeine biosynthesis.camellia ptilophylla, or cocoa tea, is naturally decaffeinated and its predominant catechins and purine alkaloids are trans-catechins and theobromine regular tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. ktze.] is evolutionarily close to cocoa tea and produces cis-catechins and caffeine. here, the transcriptome of c. ptilophylla was sequenced using the 101-bp paired-end technique. the quality of the raw data was assessed to yield 70,227,953 cleaned reads totaling 7.09 gbp, which were assembled de novo into 56, ...201526782523
molecular evidence for multiple phylogenetic groups within two species of invasive spiny whiteflies and their parasitoid wasp.the invasive orange spiny whitefly (osw) aleurocanthus spiniferus has extended its distribution to non-native areas since the early 20th century. in a similar manner, the invasive tea spiny whitefly (tsw) a. camelliae has been expanding over east asia in recent decades. in this study, the genetic diversity of osw and tsw and of their important parasitoid wasp encarsia smithi was investigated in china and japan to enable more efficient biological control policies. we detected two phylogenetic gro ...201626782948
green tea extract induces the resistance of caenorhabditis elegans against oxidative stress.epidemiological studies on the effects of green tea consumption (camellia sinensis) have demonstrated a reduction for the risk of age-related diseases. the investigation of the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract of green tea (gte) was the aim of the current study. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph(•)) and superoxide anion radical (o₂(•-)) assays were used to estimate the gte antioxidant activity. to investigate the protective effects of gte against oxidative stre ...201426784668
evaluation of seven different drying treatments in respect to total flavonoid, phenolic, vitamin c content, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity and color of green tea (camellia sinensis or c. assamica) leaves.the effect of seven drying treatments (sun, shade, oven 60 °c, oven 80 °c, oven 100 °c, microwave and freeze-drying) were evaluated with respect total flavonoid (tfc), phenolic (tpc), antioxidant activity, vitamin c and color characteristics of green tea. in general, drying increased antioxidant activity, tpc, tfc and chlorophyll content, while it led to a decrease in vitamin c. the highest tpc (209.17 mg gallic acid/gdw) and tfc (38.18 mg quercitin/gdw) were obtained in oven drying at 60 and 10 ...201626787992
transcriptomic analysis of tea plant responding to drought stress and recovery.tea plant (camellia sinensis) is an economically important beverage crop. drought stress (ds) seriously limits the growth and development of tea plant, thus affecting crop yield and quality. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tea plant responding to ds, we performed transcriptomic analysis of tea plant during the three stages [control (ck) and during ds, and recovery (rc) after ds] using rna sequencing (rna-seq). totally 378.08 million high-quality trimmed reads were obtained and assembled ...201626788738
synergistic application of black tea extracts and lactic acid bacteria in protecting human colonocytes against oxidative damage.in view of the potential of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to enhance the antioxidant activity of food products, this work explored the effectiveness of lab fermented black tea samples in alleviating h2o2-induced oxidative stress in human colonocytes. the antioxidant capacity of tea samples was evaluated in terms of cyto-protectiveness, mitochondria membrane potential (δψm)-stabilizing activity, ros-inhibitory effect, and antioxidant enzyme-modulating activity. the effect on oxidative dna damage and ...201626790920
attenuation of adhesion, quorum sensing and biofilm mediated virulence of carbapenem resistant escherichia coli by selected natural plant products.the multi-drug resistance offered by carbapenem resistant escherichia coli (family: enterobacteriaceae; class: gammaproteobacteria) against third line antibiotics can be attributed towards its ability to develop biofilm. such process involves adhesion and quorum-sensing induced colonization leading to biomass development. the present study explored the anti-adhesion, anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm potential of 05 pre-standardized potent herbals. berberis aristata (ptrc-2111-a) exhibited ma ...201626792674
pu-erh tea extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance by modulating hepatic il-6/stat3 signaling in mice.pu-erh tea, made from the leaves of camellia sinensis, possesses activities beneficial for human health, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-obesity properties.201626794005
characteristic fluctuations in glycosidically bound volatiles during tea processing and identification of their unstable derivatives.a recently developed method enabled us to simultaneously characterize and quantitate glycosidically bound volatiles (gbvs) at picomole levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). on the basis of the analytical data it is possible to screen tea varieties most suitable for black tea processing, in which higher concentrations of primeverosides accumulate. the primeverosides decreased at the rolling step in black tea processing, whereas the glucopyranosides did not change much. the ...201626805704
selection of suitable reference genes for qrt-pcr normalization during leaf development and hormonal stimuli in tea plant (camellia sinensis).tea plant (camellia sinensis) leaf is an important non-alcoholic beverage resource. the application of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) has a profound significance for the gene expression studies of tea plant, especially when applied to tea leaf development and metabolism. in this study, nine candidate reference genes (i.e., csact7, csef-1α, cseif-4α, csgapdh, cspp2a, cssand, cstbp, cstip41, and cstub) of c. sinensis were cloned. the quantitative expression data of thes ...201626813576
unravelling colletotrichum species associated with camellia: employing apmat and gs loci to resolve species in the c. gloeosporioides complex.we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 144 colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of camellia sinensis and other camellia spp. from seven provinces in china (fujian, guizhou, henan, jiangxi, sichuan, yunnan, zhejiang), and seven isolates obtained from other countries, including indonesia, uk, and the usa. based on multi-locus (act, apmat, cal, gapdh, gs, its, tub2) phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characters, 11 species were distinguished, includi ...201526823629
l-theanine inhibits proinflammatory pkc/erk/icam-1/il-33 signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy formation in substance p-induced hyperactive bladder in rats.upregulation of substance p (sp) and neurokinin-1 receptor (nk1r) activation induces pro-inflammatory bladder hyperactivity through the pkc/erk/nf-κb/icam-1/il-33 signaling pathways to increase the leukocyte infiltration and adhesion leading to reactive oxygen species (ros) production, autophagy, and apoptosis. l-theanine is a unique non-protein-forming amino acid present in tea (camellia sinensis [l.] o. kuntze) with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and relaxation effects to improve cognitio ...201726828717
in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of limonium algarvense flowers' infusions and decoctions: a comparison with green tea (camellia sinensis).this work reports the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity of infusions and decoctions of limonium algarvense flowers, and green tea. the total contents in different phenolic groups and the quantification of individual phenolics by hplc are also reported. l. algarvense and green tea had similar antioxidant properties, except for hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, higher on green tea, and iron chelating potential, higher on l. algarvense. the later species also ha ...201626830595
natural antimicrobials and oral microorganisms: a systematic review on herbal interventions for the eradication of multispecies oral biofilms.oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are mainly caused by microbial biofilms. antibiotic therapy has reached its limits with regard to antimicrobial resistance, and new therapeutic measures utilizing natural phytochemicals are currently a focus of research. hence, this systematic review provides a critical presentation of the antimicrobial effects of various medicinal herbs against in vitro, ex vivo, and in situ formed multispecies oral biofilms. searches were performed in three englis ...201526834707
inhibitory effects of the four main theaflavin derivatives found in black tea on ovarian cancer cells.some polyphenols induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis. consumption of black tea, rich in polyphenols, has been found to reduce ovarian cancer risk. theaflavin (tf1), theaflavin-3-gallate (tf2a), theaflavin-3'-gallate (tf2b) and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (tf3) are four main theaflavin derivatives found in black tea.201626851019
application of l-cystine modified zeolite for preconcentration and determination of ultra-trace levels of cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.a very convenient, sensitive and precise solid phase extraction (spe) system was developed for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace of cadmium ion in water and plant samples. this method was based on the retention of cadmium(ii) ions by l-cystine adsorbed in y-zeolite and carry out in a packed mini-column. the retained cadmium ions then were eluted and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the scanning electron microscopy (sem), powder x-ray diffraction (xrd) and fourier tra ...201626852265
[nutrition as a possible risk factor for breast cancer].nutrition is an important biological factor, which affects largely on the development of the all functions of the human body. there is known association of the appearance of breast cancer with alimentary factors: inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, excessive consumption of coffee, tea, sugar, salt, bread, fatty foods, overweight, early age of onset and frequent alcohol consumption.201526856173
chemical characterization of heteropolysaccharides from green and black teas (camellia sinensis) and their anti-ulcer effect.in order to obtain polysaccharides from green and black teas (camellia sinensis), commercial leaves were submitted to infusion and then to alkaline extraction. the extracts were fractionated by freeze-thawing process, giving insoluble and soluble fractions. complex arabinogalactan protein from the soluble fractions of both teas (gtps and btps) were determined by methylation analysis and (1)h/(13)c-hsqc spectroscopy, showing a main chain of (1→3)-β-galp, substituted at o-6 by (1→6)-linked β-galp ...201626861826
acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention.l-theanine is a constituent of tea which is claimed to enhance cognitive functions. we aimed to determine whether theanine and theanine-caffeine combination have acute positive effects on cognitive and neurophysiological measures of attention, compared to caffeine (a positive control) and a placebo in healthy individuals.201626869148
plants with potential use on obesity and its complications.obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. this disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. there are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and it ...201526869866
spray drying of lipid-based systems loaded with camellia sinensis polyphenols.in this work, spray-dried lipid systems based on soy phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and lauroyl polyoxylglycerides for entrapping green tea polyphenols were produced. the aim was to study the effects of the encapsulating composition and spray drying conditions on the system performance and physicochemical product properties. the spray dryer powder production yield falls around 50.7 ± 2.8%, which is typical for lab scale spray dryers. wrinkled and rounded particles, with low surface porosities ...201726872795
a case of hepatotoxicity related to kombucha tea consumption.the use of herbal and dietary supplements (hdss) is widespread and growing due to the popular notion that these products are of natural origins and safe. kombucha (or "mushroom") tea is one hds that is consumed by people for various perceived health benefits. kombucha tea is a well-known health beverage made by fermenting sweet black tea with a round, flat, gray fungus for a week or longer. there is concern, however, from the evidence of a few case reports currently available, that it may pose l ...201626882579
ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the west bank/palestine.folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future.201626883246
molecular cloning and characterization of hydroperoxide lyase gene in the leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis).hydroperoxide lyase (hpl, e.c. 4.1.2.) is the major enzyme in the biosynthesis of natural volatile aldehydes and alcohols in plants, however, little was known about hpl in tea plants (camellia sinensis). a unique cdna fragment was isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) from a tea plant subjected to herbivory by tea geometrid ectropis obliqua. this full length cdna acquired by race was 1476 bp and encoded 491 amino acids. dna and protein blast searches showed high homology to hpl ...201626886573
fecal lipid excretion after consumption of a black tea polyphenol containing beverage-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study.obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide. inhibition of lipid absorption is very important in preventing obesity. in a previous study, we found that postprandial elevation of triacylglycerol was suppressed by the intake of black tea polyphenol (btp). we also reported that btp caused lipid excretion into feces in an animal study. the present study is a clinical trial that examined lipid excretion. in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, in the first test per ...201626887502
synthesis and application of a nanoporous ion-imprinted polymer for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of vanadium from food samples before determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.a vanadium ion-imprinted polymer was synthesized in the presence of v(v) and n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxyl amine using 4-vinyl pyridine as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross linker and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. the imprinted v(v) ions were completely removed by leaching the polymer with 5 mol/l nitric acid, and the polymer structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. the ion-imprinted polymer wa ...201626891590
aluminum induced metabolic responses in two tea cultivars.tea [camellia sinensis (l.)], is an aluminum (al(3+)) hyperaccumulator plant and grows well in acid soils. in the present study, roots of two tea cultivars, jhc and ys were treated with different concentrations of al(3+). after treatments, the root length, dry matter, root activity and chlorophyll content (spad value) of jhc had greater increase than that of ys. we also detected metabolic changes of two varieties using gc-ms method. comparison between two cultivars indicated that shikimic pathwa ...201626895429
determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves: an evaluation of six digestion methods.the aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), lead (pb), arsenic (as) and selenium (se) in (1) fresh tea leaves, (2) processed (black) tea leaves and (3) soils from tea plantations originating from bangladesh.201626900397
the single and synergistic effects of the major tea components caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and l-theanine on rat sperm viability.caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and l-theanine are the major components of tea (camellia sinensis l.) and the main representatives of the classes of methylxanthines, catechins and free amino acids present in this beverage. there are many studies reporting tea's health benefits, however it is not clear if those effects are mediated by a single component or a synergistic action. this study aimed to evaluate the individual and synergistic effects of tea's major components on rat epididy ...201626902467
polyphenol bioaccessibility and sugar reducing capacity of black, green, and white teas.tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage and recognised for its potential enhancing effect on human health due to its rich polyphenol content. while a number of studies have investigated the quantity and type of polyphenols present in different tea samples, no study has reported the potential effect of digestive enzymes on the availability of tea polyphenols for human absorption or the subsequent impact on glycaemic response. the objectives of the present study were to assess the to ...201326904591
survivability of vibrio cholerae o1 in cooked rice, coffee, and tea.this study aimed to investigate the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice, oryza sativa l., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee, coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea, camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°c). the survival of v. cholerae o1 was determined by spread plate method on tcbs agar. ...201326904604
cloning and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from tea plant (camellia sinensis).tea leaves contain abundant flavan-3-ols, which include dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h: ec 1.14.13.21) is one of the enzymes in the establishment of the hydroxylation pattern. a gene encoding f3'h, designated as csf3'h, was isolated from camellia sinensis with a homology-based cloning technique and deposited in the genbank (genbank id: kt180309). bioinformatic analysis revealed that csf3'h was highly homologous with the characterized f3'hs from other ...201626907264
allergic contact dermatitis to substitute hair dyes in a patient allergic to para-phenylenediamine: pure henna, black tea and indigo powder.we report a case of a 50-year-old lady with allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine, who in her quest to find a substitute hair dye, subsequently reacted to a number of plant-based hair dyes, including pure henna, black tea and indigo powder respectively. while these substances all contain tannins, testing to possible constituents tannic acid and gallic acid was negative.201626916211
green tea compound epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (egcg) increases neuronal survival in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro.epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (egcg), found in the leaves of camellia sinensis (green tea), has antioxidant- and scavenger-functions and acts neuroprotectively. it has been publicized as anti-aging remedy but data on potential cellular mechanisms are scarce. recent studies claimed that egcg specifically promotes neural precursor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of c57bl/6 mice, without changes at the level of immature and mature new neurons. we here analyzed the effects of egcg on adult hip ...201626917271
structure determination of novel oxidation products from epicatechin: thearubigin-like molecules.following the oxidation of epicatechin (ec), three novel compounds and two known compounds were isolated. the chemical structures of these oxidation products were determined by mass spectrometry (ms) and various nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments, and the a-ring-b-ring linkage that is characteristic of catechin was found in each molecule. three compounds showed similar ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectra to ec, whereas two compounds showed different spectral absorption in the region b ...201626927046
risk assessment of fluoride intake from tea in the republic of ireland and its implications for public health and water fluoridation.the republic of ireland (roi) is the only european country with a mandatory national legislation requiring artificial fluoridation of drinking water and has the highest per capita consumption of black tea in the world. tea is a hyperaccumulator of fluoride and chronic fluoride intake is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. in this study, fifty four brands of the commercially available black tea bag products were purchased and the fluoride level in tea infusions tested by an ion-sel ...201626927146
adverse effects of plant food supplements self-reported by consumers in the plantlibra survey involving six european countries.the use of food supplements containing botanicals is increasing in european markets. although intended to maintain the health status, several cases of adverse effects to plant food supplements (pfs) have been described.201626928206
quantification of flavonol glycosides in camellia sinensis by mrm mode of uplc-qqq-ms/ms.phenolic compounds are major components of tea flavour, in which catechins and flavonol glycosides play important roles in the astringent taste of tea infusion. however, the flavonol glycosides are difficult to quantify because of the large variety, as well as the inefficient seperation on chromatography. in this paper, a total of 15 flavonol glycosides in the tea plant (camellia sinensis) were identified by the high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled to a time-of-flight mass spect ...201626937589
identification of udp-glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of astringent taste compounds in tea (camellia sinensis).galloylated catechins and flavonol 3-o-glycosides are characteristic astringent taste compounds in tea (camellia sinensis). the mechanism involved in the formation of these metabolites remains unknown in tea plants. in this paper, 178 ugt genes (csugts) were identified inc. sinensis based on an analysis of tea transcriptome data. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 132 of these genes were clustered into 15 previously established phylogenetic groups (a to m, o and p) and a newly identified group ...201626941235
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