Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| dispersal of adult european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated corn. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), causes economic damage to corn, zea mays l., throughout the corn belt. because this insect has become the primary target of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of o. nubilalis resistance to bt corn require information on adult european corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its dispersal. in 1998 we conducted mark-release-recapture, release-recapture, and caged-mating studies to ... | 2001 | 11777038 |
| bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) survival on 'bollgard' and 'bollgard ii' cotton flower bud and flower components. | genetically modified cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars ('bollgard') that produce crystalline proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) are valuable tools for managing lepidopteran insect pests in the united states. however, high numbers of bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), larvae have been observed feeding in white flowers of these cultivars. fresh tissue bioassays were conducted to investigate bollworm survival on bollgard and 'bollgard ii' cottons. bollworm survival was higher o ... | 2001 | 11777047 |
| different cross-resistance patterns in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae) resistant to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c. | two strains of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), were selected using cry1c protoxin and transgenic broccoli plants expressing a cry1c toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). both strains were resistant to cry1c but had different cross-resistance patterns. we used 12 bt protoxins for cross-resistance tests, including cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1bb, cry1c, cry1d, cry1e, cry1f, cry1j, cry2ab, cry9aa, and cry9c. compared with the unselected sister strain (bcs), the resistance ratio (br) ... | 2001 | 11777062 |
| chronic exposure of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | transgenic corn expressing the insecticidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis berliner is gaining support as an effective control technology for use against lepidopteran pests, particularly european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner (lepidoptera: crambidae). however, there is concern that widespread adoption of transgenic plants will rapidly lead to b. thuringiensis toxin resistance. thus, long-term selection of o. nubilalis populations with the cry1ab b. thuringiensis toxin has been underta ... | 2001 | 11777065 |
| fitness costs and maternal effects associated with resistance to transgenic cotton in the pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | transgenic cotton producing a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin is widely used for controlling the pink bollworm, perctinophora gossypiella (saunders). we compared performance of pink bollworm strains resistant to bt cotton with performance of their susceptible counterparts on non-bt cotton. we found fitness costs that reduced survival on non-bt cotton by an average of 51.5% in two resistant strains relative to the susceptible strains. the survival cost was recessive in one set of crosses betwee ... | 2001 | 11777066 |
| field efficacy and seasonal expression profiles for terminal leaves of single and double bacillus thuringiensis toxin cotton genotypes. | examination of commercial cry1ac transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) cotton varieties (bollgard, monsanto, st. louis, mo) and an experimental cry1ac + cry2ab transgenic bt cotton variety (bollgard ii, monsanto) for lepidopteran field efficacy was conducted during the 2000 growing season. in addition, a commercially available (envirologix, portland, me) quantification assay (elisa) was used to measure and profile the expression levels of cry proteins in two of these varieties ['dp50b, ... | 2001 | 11777069 |
| starlink corn: a risk analysis. | modern biotechnology has dramatically increased our ability to alter the agronomic traits of plants. among the novel traits that biotechnology has made available, an important group includes bacillus thuringiensis-derived insect resistance. this technology has been applied to potatoes, cotton, and corn. benefits of bt crops, and biotechnology generally, can be realized only if risks are assessed and managed properly. the case of starlink corn, a plant modified with a gene that encodes the bt pro ... | 2002 | 11781159 |
| [effect of chitosan oligomer on phage particles and reproduction of phage 1-97a in bacillus thuringiensis culture]. | the causes of bacteriophage 1-97a inactivation by the chitosan oligomer with a polymerization degree of 15 and the influence of the oligomer on the phage reproduction in the culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae, strain 1-97, were studied. the study of the inactivation kinetics showed that, in 1 h, virtually all chitosan was bound to the phage particles, causing, as evidenced by electron microscopy, dna release from the phage head, destruction of the phage particles, and agglutinati ... | 2001 | 11785139 |
| binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry4a toxin to the apical microvilli of larval midgut of culex pipiens. | cry4a is a dipteran-specific delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis, and toxic to culex pipiens (mosquito) larvae. the immunohistochemical staining of the midgut sections of c. pipiens larvae revealed that cry4a bound in vitro and in vivo to the microvilli of the epithelial cells of posterior midgut and gastric caecae. the binding of digoxigenin-labeled cry4a (dig-cry4a) to the apical microvilli was almost abolished in the presence of excess unlabeled cry4a, suggesting that the bindi ... | 2001 | 11791714 |
| effect of surface active agents on the production of biopesticides using wastewater sludge as a raw material. | effect of surface active agents on the production of bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides using secondary wastewater sludge as a raw material was studied. the experiments were conducted in a shake flask and nine different commercial surface active agents were used at a concentration of 0.2% (v/v). the sludge samples after addition of surface active agents were sterilised at 121 degrees c for 30 min. the progress of biopesticide production was monitored by measuring viable cells and viable ... | 2001 | 11794662 |
| pi-specific phospholipase c cleavage of a reconstituted gpi-anchored protein: modulation by the lipid bilayer. | release of glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (gpi-) anchored ectoenzymes from the membrane by phosphatidylinositol- (pi-) specific phospholipases may play an important role in modulating the surface expression and function of this group of proteins. to investigate how the properties of the host membrane affect anchor cleavage, porcine lymphocyte ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-ntase; ec 3.1.3.5) was purified, reconstituted into lipid bilayer vesicles of various lipids, and cleaved using pi-plc from bacillu ... | 2002 | 11802743 |
| characterization of a novel insect digestive dnase with a highly alkaline ph optimum. | a novel dnase from the digestive tract of the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) has been isolated and characterized. this dnase has two features that distinguish it from other known dnases: (1) it has a ph optimum of 10.5 to 11; (2) it plays an important role in the conversion of the insecticidal crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis to the active dna-free toxin in the larval gut. only one digestive dnase with an apparent molecular mass of 23 kda was found and no associated carbohy ... | 2002 | 11804797 |
| plant allocation to defensive compounds: interactions between elevated co(2) and nitrogen in transgenic cotton plants. | plant allocation to defensive compounds in response to growth in elevated atmospheric co(2) in combination with two levels of nitrogen was examined. the aim was to discover if allocation patterns of transgenic plants containing genes for defensive chemicals which had not evolved in the species would respond as predicted by the carbon nutrient balance (cnb) hypothesis. cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l.) were sown inside 12 environmental chambers. six of them were maintained at an elevated co(2 ... | 2002 | 11807136 |
| plant biotechnology in china. | a survey of china's plant biotechnologists shows that china is developing the largest plant biotechnology capacity outside of north america. the list of genetically modified plant technologies in trials, including rice, wheat, potatoes, and peanuts, is impressive and differs from those being worked on in other countries. poor farmers in china are cultivating more area of genetically modified plants than are small farmers in any other developing country. a survey of agricultural producers in chin ... | 2002 | 11809972 |
| coexpression of chitinase and the cry11aa1 toxin genes in bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. | at the spore stage, a cloned chitinase gene was coexpressed with the regulatory gene p19 and the toxin gene cry11aa1 in the hosts bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains 4q2-72 and c4q2-72. the chitinase gene was derived from a high-chitinase producer, bacillus licheniformis tp-1. two transcriptional fusion plasmids between the p19 or p19-cry11aa1 genes and the promoterless chitinase gene were constructed. in transcription order, the p16-19chi construct contained the p19 gene together ... | 2001 | 11812119 |
| histopathological effects of bacillus thuringiensis on the midgut of the mediterranean locust dociostaurus maroccanus. | 2001 | 11812123 | |
| physical mapping of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and alesti chromosomes. | two strains of the well-known insect pathogen and biopesticide, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), belonging to subspecies alesti (strain bt5) and kurstaki (strain bt213), were chosen for genetic characterization. the two strains belong to different serotypes and are currently classified into different subspecies, although their insecticidal activity is similar. physical maps were constructed of bt alesti and bt kurstaki using pulsed field gel electrophoreses (pfge), and the map positions of several g ... | 2002 | 11815850 |
| [effects of heavy charged particles on strains of microorganisms-producers of biologically active substances]. | effects of heavy charged particles on strains of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki z-52 and arthrobacter oc-1 have been studied. evidence was obtained that heavy charged particles impact the morphologocultural and physiological properties of culture. as noted, the conditions of orbital flight may be considered a source of mutagenic effects on cultures of microorganisms. | 2000 | 11816408 |
| control of aedes breeding using bactoculicide and neem oil combination in evaporation coolers. | 2000 | 11820084 | |
| fungal growth and fusarium mycotoxin content in isogenic traditional maize and genetically modified maize grown in france and spain. | fungi of the genus fusarium are common fungal contaminants of maize and are also known to produce mycotoxins. maize that has been genetically modified to express a bt endotoxin has been used to study the effect of insect resistance on fungal infection of maize grains by fusarium species and their related mycotoxins. maize grain from bt hybrids and near-isogenic traditional hybrids was collected in france and spain from the 1999 crop, which was grown under natural conditions. according to the erg ... | 2002 | 11829636 |
| characterization of genetic diversity of some serovars of bacillus thuringiensis by rapd. | rapd based fingerprinting of 21 serovars of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) representing different serotypes was performed using 19 random decamer primers. a total of 172 polymorphic fragments, ranging in size from 161-2789 bp, were amplified from 13 of the 19 primers. pairwise genetic similarity analysis revealed very low similarity values, ranging from 3-68%, among the serovars of bt, indicating high genetic divergence. nineteen serovars of bt fell in two major clusters and remaining two formed so ... | 2001 | 11831372 |
| heliothis virescens and manduca sexta lipid rafts are involved in cry1a toxin binding to the midgut epithelium and subsequent pore formation. | lipid rafts are characterized by their insolubility in nonionic detergents such as triton x-100 at 4 degrees c. they have been studied in mammals, where they play critical roles in protein sorting and signal transduction. to understand the potential role of lipid rafts in lepidopteran insects, we isolated and analyzed the protein and lipid components of these lipid raft microdomains from the midgut epithelial membrane of heliothis virescens and manduca sexta. like their mammalian counterparts, h ... | 2002 | 11836242 |
| toxicity and synergism in transgenic escherichia coli expressing four genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the genes cyt1aa and p20, encoding, respectively, cytolytic and accessory proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were introduced into previously constructed clones expressing cry4aa and cry11aa in escherichia coli (ben-dov et al., 1995). fifteen clones with all possible combinations of the four genes were obtained and found to express the genes included. two new combinations, pve4-adrc and pve4-arc, expressing cyt1aa, p20 and cry4aa, with or without cry11aa, respectively, were mo ... | 2001 | 11846773 |
| solid state fermentation of broiler litter for production of biocontrol agents. | several varieties of heat-sterilized broiler litter with 60% (wet basis, wb) moisture content were substrate in solid-state fermentations to produce biocontrol agents. litter varieties included litter produced by one flock of broilers from medicated and non-medicated controlled rations, and litter produced by two flocks and four flocks on a single application of bedding material from medicated commercial sources. litter preparations were inoculated with monocultures of bacillus thuringiensis ser ... | 2002 | 11848375 |
| analysis of flour and food samples for cry9c from bioengineered corn. | starlink corn is a variety of yellow corn that has been genetically modified by the insertion of an altered cry9c gene into the plant genome. resulting in expression of the insecticidal cry9c protein. the u.s. environmental protection agency has approved starlink corn for use in animal feed but not in food intended for human consumption. therefore, under the u.s. food, drug, and cosmetic act, any food intended for human consumption in which the presence of starlink corn is indicated by the prese ... | 2002 | 11848580 |
| genetically modified feeds in animal nutrition. 1st communication: bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn in poultry, pig and ruminant nutrition. | during the last few years, animal nutrition has been confronted with genetically modified organisms (gmo), and their significance will increase in the future. the study presents investigations on the substantial equivalence of the transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn and the corresponding nontransgenic hybrid cesar and parameters of nutrition physiology such as digestibility and energy content for poultry, pigs and ruminants. the results of the analysed corn samples as well as of the sila ... | 2001 | 11865766 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from colombia with insecticidal activity against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera:noctuidae). | to identify and characterize bacillus thuringiensis strains highly toxic to spodoptera frugiperda, and to explore the genetic diversity of such strains. | 2002 | 11872122 |
| novel bacillus thuringiensis binary insecticidal crystal proteins active on western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | a new family of insecticidal crystal proteins was discovered by screening sporulated bacillus thuringiensis cultures for oral activity against western corn rootworm (wcr) larvae. b. thuringiensis isolates ps80jj1, ps149b1, and ps167h2 have wcr insecticidal activity attributable to parasporal inclusion bodies containing proteins with molecular masses of ca. 14 and 44 kda. the genes encoding these polypeptides reside in apparent operons, and the 14-kda protein open reading frame (orf) precedes the ... | 2002 | 11872461 |
| characterization of cyt2bc toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. | we cloned and sequenced a new cytolysin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. three is240-like insertion sequence elements and the previously cloned cyt1ab and p21 genes were found in the vicinity of the cytolysin gene. the cytolysin gene encodes a protein 29.7 kda in size that is 91.5% identical to cyt2ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and has been designated cyt2bc. inclusions containing cyt2bc were purified from the crystal-negative strain spl407 of b. thuringiensi ... | 2002 | 11872472 |
| genetic differentiation between sympatric populations of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | little is known about genetic exchanges in natural populations of bacteria of the spore-forming bacillus cereus group, because no population genetics studies have been performed with local sympatric populations. we isolated strains of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus from small samples of soil collected at the same time from two separate geographical sites, one within the forest and the other at the edge of the forest. a total of 100 b. cereus and 98 b. thuringiensis strains were isolated an ... | 2002 | 11872495 |
| the occurrence and properties of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from free-living animals. | to assess the prevalence and properties of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from the intestines of small mammals. | 2002 | 11874541 |
| effect of shear stress on cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis for thuringiensin production. | cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis for thuringiensin production is a mixed-growth-associated system. cultivation conditions should be different during the cell growth stage and production stage. in this study, agitation speed and aeration rate were varied during the exponential growth phase and stationary phase in order to investigate the effect of shear stress via agitation on cultivation of b. thuringiensis for thuringiensin production. it was found that shear stress had a significant effec ... | 2002 | 11876409 |
| the incompatibility between the plcr- and atxa-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are members of the bacillus cereus group. these bacteria express virulence in diverse ways in mammals and insects. the pathogenic properties of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis in mammals results largely from the secretion of non-specific toxins, including haemolysins, the production of which depends upon a pleiotropic activator plcr. in b. anthracis, plcr is inactive because of a nonsense mutation in the plcr gene. this suggests that ... | 2001 | 11886551 |
| changes in protease activity and cry3aa toxin binding in the colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | widespread commercial use of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins to control pest insects has increased the likelihood for development of insect resistance to this entomopathogen. in this study, we investigated protease activity profiles and toxin-binding capacities in the midgut of a strain of colorado potato beetle (cpb) that has developed resistance to the cry3aa toxin of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. histological examination revealed that the structural integrity of the midgut tissue in ... | 2002 | 11891133 |
| cadherin-like receptor binding facilitates proteolytic cleavage of helix alpha-1 in domain i and oligomer pre-pore formation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | cry toxins form lytic pores in the insect midgut cells. the role of receptor interaction in the process of protoxin activation was analyzed. incubation of cry1ab protoxin with a single chain antibody that mimics the cadherin-like receptor and treatment with manduca sexta midgut juice or trypsin, resulted in toxin preparations with high pore-forming activity in vitro. this activity correlates with the formation of a 250 kda oligomer that lacks the helix alpha-1 of domain i. the oligomer, in contr ... | 2002 | 11904158 |
| polydispersity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in solution and its effect on receptor binding kinetics. | dynamic light scattering and surface plasmon resonance techniques were used to investigate the influence of ionic strength, buffer composition and ph on the multimerization of trypsin-activated cry1ac and cry1c toxins over time and the subsequent effects of the different multimers on receptor binding models. in carbonate buffer at ph 10.5, cry1ac and cry1c assumed a monomeric state. after 24 h, a complete conversion of monomeric toxin to a dimeric or trimeric form was observed only for cry1ac un ... | 2002 | 11904222 |
| effect of sublethal concentration of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on food and developmental needs of the american bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner). | effect of sublethal concentration of b. thuringiensis on the first, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of the american bollworm, h. armigera was investigated to study their response to food consumption, digestion, utilization, and their development till adult formation. the young larvae surviving b. thuringiensis treatment in their first instar and third instar delayed larval period by two to three days, but did not consume more food as compared to control. however, they showed higher digesti ... | 2001 | 11906106 |
| characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against cochylis hospes. | a new bacterial isolate, 00-50-5, from sunflower head extracts was identified as bacillus thuringiensis (bt) according to its morphology. bt isolate 00-50-5 was highly active against the banded sunflower moth (bsm), cochylis hospes walsingham. a sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) 4-15% gradient gel of whole strain protein of 00-50-5 revealed six proteins with molecular masses (mr) of 133, 80, 60, 27, 15, and 14 kda. sds-page of ph 4.2-precipitated proteins (pp) o ... | 2002 | 11910499 |
| role of tryptophan residues in interfacial binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis exhibits several types of interfacial activation. in the crystal structure of the closely related bacillus cereus pi-plc, the rim of the active site is flanked by a short helix b and a loop that show an unusual clustering of hydrophobic amino acids. two of the seven tryptophans in pi-plc are among the exposed residues. to test the importance of these residues in substrate and activator binding, we prepared sev ... | 2002 | 11912206 |
| role of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 delta endotoxin binding in determining potency during lepidopteran larval development. | five economically important crop pests, manduca sexta, pieris brassicae, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, and agrotis ipsilon, were tested at two stages of larval development for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1ca, cry1j, and cry1ba. bioassay results for m. sexta showed that resistance to all four cry toxins increased from the neonate stage to the third-instar stage; the increase in resistance was most dramatic for cry1ac, the potency of which decreased 37-fold. ... | 2002 | 11916662 |
| identification of quorum-quenching n-acyl homoserine lactonases from bacillus species. | a range of gram-negative bacterial species use n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) molecules as quorum-sensing signals to regulate different biological functions, including production of virulence factors. ahl is also known as an autoinducer. an autoinducer inactivation gene, aiia, coding for an ahl lactonase, was cloned from a bacterial isolate, bacillus sp. strain 240b1. here we report identification of more than 20 bacterial isolates capable of enzymatic inactivation of ahls from different source ... | 2002 | 11916693 |
| the effects of aerial spraying with bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on children with asthma. | to determine if aerially spraying a biological pesticide was associated with an increase in the symptoms or change in the peak expiratory flow rate of children with asthma. | 2002 | 11925695 |
| characterization of cell lines developed from the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | in order to isolate new pathogens (viruses, microsporidia, etc.) or to evaluate the efficiency of some pathogens (serovarieties and mutants of bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, etc.) in the control of colorado potato beetle, an economically important pest, we established four cell lines from tissues of this insect. one was initiated from embryonated egg fragments in the m3 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and then transferred after several passages to the ex-cell 400 medium wit ... | 2002 | 11928998 |
| expression of the mel gene from pseudomonas maltophilia in bacillus thuringiensis. | the objective of this work was to express a novel mel gene, responsible for melanin formation, in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2002 | 11940152 |
| examination of the f2 screen for rare resistance alleles to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | a synthetic laboratory population of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), was used to test the f2 screen developed for detecting the frequency of rare resistance alleles to cry1ac and cry1c toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). of the 120 single-pair matings set up, 106 produced enough f2 families for screening of cry1ac or cry1c resistance alleles using both transgenic broccoli and an artificial diet overlay assay with a diagnostic dose. when using bt broccoli plants as the f2 scree ... | 2002 | 11942749 |
| oviposition on and mining in bolls of bt and non-bt cotton by resistant and susceptible pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | transgenic cotton that produces insecticidal crystal protein cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been effective in controlling pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders). we compared responses to bolls of bt cotton and non-bt cotton by adult females and neonates from susceptible and cry1ac-resistant strains of pink bollworm. in choice tests on caged cotton plants in the greenhouse, neither susceptible nor resistant females laid fewer eggs on bt cotton bolls than on non-bt cotton bo ... | 2002 | 11942750 |
| comparison of bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrids and insecticide-treated isolines exposed to bivoltine european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south dakota. | the performances of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids and permethrin-treated isolines were evaluated in south dakota from 1997 to 1999. the corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a bivoltine ecotype european corn borer population. larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. the use of either bt hybrids or whorl-applied permethrin granules resulted in significant yield advantages in only 1 out of 3 yr of performanc ... | 2002 | 11942752 |
| use of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner corn hybrids to determine the direct economic impact of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on field corn in eastern canada. | transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt corn) (maximizer and yieldgard hybrids, novartis seeds), non-bt isolines and high-performance (check) hybrids were evaluated for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), damage and grain yield in commercial strip plots across ontario in 1996 and 1997. bt corn hybrids reduced stalk tunneling damage by 88-100%. in 1996, minimal damage was found in locations where only one generation of european corn borer occurred per year. bt ... | 2002 | 11942765 |
| preferential in vivo inhibition of ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse liver by the exotoxin of bacillus thüringiensis. | 1972 | 11946512 | |
| the specificity of inhibition of dna-dependent rna polymerase by bacillus thuringiensis exotoxin. | 1970 | 11947580 | |
| isolation and characterization of bacillus cereus-like bacteria from faecal samples from greenhouse workers who are using bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides. | since the discovery of the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis at the beginning of the twentieth century, this bacterium has been used increasingly against various insect pests. in spite of the extensive use of b. thuringiensis, only sporadic clinical case reports have been published. in recent years, the close relationship between b. thuringiensis and the human pathogen bacillus cereus has been confirmed. in practice, only the insecticidal activity of b. thuringiensis distinguishes ... | 2002 | 11954987 |
| identification of a promoter for the crystal protein-encoding gene cry1ia from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | expression of cry1ia, one of the insecticidal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, was studied at the transcriptional level. by primer extension analysis, we have identified for the first time, the transcription start point of cry1ia. upstream from the cry1ia transcription start point, was found a nucleotide sequence partially homologous to the consensus sequence for the e sigma(e) holoenzyme of bacillus subtilis. thus, it was strongly suggested that the identified cry1ia pro ... | 2002 | 11959439 |
| [entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis as producers of restriction endonucleases]. | a total of 115 collection strains of bacillus thuringiensis, belonging to various subspecies, have been studied for the presence of dna restriction-modification systems. restriction endonucleases of 13 strains have been isolated and characterized. no considerable correlations between the taxonomic positions of the bacteria and the specificities of the endonucleases isolated have been detected. it is concluded that the enzymes with identical specificities are present in both the crystalliferous a ... | 2002 | 11962209 |
| sporulation and delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is distinguished from the very closely related bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis by the presence of several plasmid-encoded delta-endotoxin genes. these delta-endotoxins, synthesized as protoxins, are produced in large quantities during sporulation and are packaged into intracellular inclusions. ingestion of the inclusions by insect larvae leads to protoxin solubilization and conversion to toxins each specific for one of several orders of insects. the toxins form cati ... | 2002 | 11964120 |
| contents of cry genes and insecticidal toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. | two bacillus thuringiensis collections from terrestrial and aquatic habitats were compared in order to study the possible interrelationships between habitat and biological characteristics (serovar, cry genes content and toxicity). | 2002 | 11966916 |
| discrimination of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis with 16s rrna and gyrb gene based pcr primers and sequencing of their annealing sites. | to evaluate the possibility for discrimination of bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis using 16s rrna and gyrb gene based pcr methods, and to obtain the sequences of the primer annealing sites so that the pcr results may be explained. | 2002 | 11972696 |
| denaturation of either manduca sexta aminopeptidase n or bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins exposes binding epitopes hidden under nondenaturing conditions. | the effect of polypeptide denaturation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins or purified manduca sexta 120-kda aminopeptidase n on the specificities of their interactions was investigated. ligand and dot blotting experiments were conducted with (125)i-labeled cry1ac, cry1ac mutant (509)qnr-aaa(511) (qnr-aaa), or 120-kda aminopeptidase n as the probe. mutant qnr-aaa does not bind the n-acetylgalactosamine moiety on the 120-kda aminopeptidase. both (125)i-cry1ac and (125)i-qnr-aaa bound to 210- a ... | 2002 | 11976078 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus to laboratory populations of drosophila melanogaster (diptera: drosophilidae). | a total of 65 samples, consisting of 8 sample types, collected from the jordan valley, were examined for the presence of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus and for their toxicity against the larvae of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. the frequency of samples containing toxic aerobic spore-forming bacilli was 12%; of which 21.7% belonged to b. thuringiensis and 17.4% to b. sphaericus. the b. thuringiensis populations consisted of 5 serogroups: thuringiensis (h1), entomocidus (h6), pak ... | 2002 | 11981874 |
| cell biology and high pressure: applications and risks. | 2002 | 11983412 | |
| physiological and molecular detection of crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains from habitats in the south central united states. | gram-positive, endospore-forming bacillus thuringiensis-like strains were isolated from 95 of 413 samples collected at the 0-5 cm depth of noncultivated soils and stagnant or dried-up ponds as well as from dust from stored grain products in south central united states. based on the production of parasporal crystals, 25 isolates were identified as b. thuringiensis after examining 227 b. thuringiensis-like colonies. the greatest proportion of samples yielding b. thuringiensis were from the dust fr ... | 2002 | 11986933 |
| pore formation activity of cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in an improved membrane vesicle preparation from manduca sexta midgut cell microvilli. | the pore formation activity of cry1ab toxin is analyzed in an improved membrane preparation from apical microvilli structures of manduca sexta midgut epithelium cells (mec). a novel methodology is described to isolate mec and brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) from purified microvilli structures. the specific enrichment of apical membrane enzyme markers aminopeptidase (apn) and alkaline phosphatase (aph) were 35- and 22-fold, respectively, as compared to the whole midgut cell homogenate. liga ... | 2002 | 11988223 |
| isolation of plant-growth-promoting bacillus strains from soybean root nodules. | endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (glycine max. (l.) merr.) root nodules. these isolates were designated as non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (neb). three isolates (neb4, neb5, and neb17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates ... | 2002 | 11989767 |
| long-term survival and germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in a field trial. | long-term survival, dispersal, and germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki dmu67r has been investigated in a field trial. an experimental cabbage plot was sprayed with dmu67r in 1993 and allowed to lie fallow since. the investigations reported here were carried out from 1997 to 2000 in this plot. high persistence of dmu67r for 7 years in the bulk soil of the plot has been demonstrated. the numbers have not significantly reduced since 1994, stabilizing around 6.6 x 10(2) cfu/g from 19 ... | 2002 | 11989770 |
| larvicidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki, morrisoni (strain tenebrionis), and israelensis have no microbicidal or microbiostatic activity against selected bacteria, fungi, and algae in vitro. | the insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki (antilepidopteran), morrisoni strain tenebrionis (anticoleopteran), and israelensis (antidipteran) did not affect the growth of a variety of bacteria (8 gram-negative, 5 gram-positive, and a cyanobacterium), fungi (2 zygomycetes, 1 ascomycete, 2 deuteromycetes, and 2 yeasts), and algae (primarily green and diatoms) in pure and mixed culture, as determined by dilution, disk-diffusion, and sporulation assays with purified free an ... | 2002 | 11989771 |
| role of helix 3 in pore formation by the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin cry1aa. | helix 3 of the cry1aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis possesses eight charged amino acids. these residues, with the exception of those involved in intramolecular salt bridges (e90, r93, e112, and r115), were mutated individually either to a neutral or to an oppositely charged amino acid. the mutated genes were expressed, and the resultant, trypsin-activated toxins were assessed for their toxicity to manduca sexta larvae and their ability to permeabilize m. sexta larval midgut brush border memb ... | 2002 | 11994014 |
| amino acid and divalent ion permeability of the pores formed by the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1aa and cry1ac in insect midgut brush border membrane vesicles. | the pores formed by bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins have been shown to allow the diffusion of a variety of monovalent cations and anions and neutral solutes. to further characterize their ion selectivity, membrane permeability induced by cry1aa and cry1ac to amino acids (asp, glu, ser, leu, his, lys and arg) and to divalent cations (mg(2+), ca(2+) and ba(2+)) and anions (so(4)(2-) and phosphate) was analyzed at ph 7.5 and 10.5 with midgut brush border membrane vesicles isolated from m ... | 2002 | 11997117 |
| recognition and management of acute pesticide poisoning. | most poisonings from pesticides do not have a specific antidote, making decontamination the most important intervention. for maximal benefit to the patient, skin, eye, and gastric decontamination should be undertaken while specifics of the poisoning are being determined. as in most illnesses and injuries, the history of the poisoning is of great importance and will determine specific needs for decontamination and therapy, if any exist. protection of health care workers during the decontamination ... | 2002 | 11998835 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| sterilization of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis products by gamma radiation. | this study examines the effect of routine gamma radiation based on cobalt 60 on the viability, mosquito larvicidal activity, and density of bacillus spores in the soil. although 1 g of unirradiated powder of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) contains on average 6.2 x 10(9) spores, no spores survived radiation doses of 20.6 kgy and higher. radiation at a dose of 20-25 kgy caused a 20-30% reduction in the effectiveness of bti powder against mosquito larvae. in areas treated with unirradiate ... | 2002 | 11998932 |
| variation in rrna operon number as revealed by ribotyping of bacillus anthracis strains. | ribotyping of various bacillus strains with one restriction enzyme (acci) revealed significant similarity between bacillus anthracis strains, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus strains, which are all members of the bacillus cereus group. a further ribotyping study of 10 virulent and 8 attenuated b. anthracis strains, using 4 endonucleases and both 23s and 16s probes independently, was performed. the discrimination index d of hunter and gaston showed that the best combination for future l ... | 2002 | 12002563 |
| active form of dipteran-specific insecticidal protein crylla produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the nucleotide sequence of the cry11a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain hd522 was analyzed and the molecular characterization of crylla toxin was done. the 70-kda crylla protoxin was processed in vitro into 36- and 32-kda fragments by trypsin and into 34- and 32-kda fragments by gut proteases from c. pipiens. these two processed fragments are associated together to form the heterodimer. the results of the binding assay with bbmv and the bioassay toward c. pipiens larvae ... | 2002 | 12005043 |
| comparison of different methodologies for binding assays of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to membrane vesicles from insect midguts. | 2001 | 12009811 | |
| [biotechnology in the modern world: benefits and risks]. | 2002 | 12012599 | |
| n-terminal activation is an essential early step in the mechanism of action of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac insecticidal toxin. | a variant form of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin that is not cleaved at the n terminus during proteolytic activation with trypsin was found to be incapable of forming pores in manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles in vitro and had reduced insecticidal activity in vivo. binding studies indicated an altered binding pattern of the mutant toxin in that bound toxin could not be fully displaced by a high molar excess of fully trypsin-activated toxin. these results suggest that proteoly ... | 2002 | 12019259 |
| utilization of bt corn residues by grazing beef steers and bt corn silage and grain by growing beef cattle and lactating dairy cows. | three experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-11 transformation event in two parental corn hybrids differing in date of maturity on beef and dairy cattle performance. sixteen lactating holstein dairy cows in replicated 4 x 4 latin squares were assigned to four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: bt vs non-bt trait and early- vs late-maturing corn hybrids. the diets contained 40% of the test corn silage plus 28% corn grain from the same corn hybrid ... | 2002 | 12019625 |
| pulse-exposure effects of selected insecticides to juvenile australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (melanotaenia duboulayi). | laboratory toxicity studies were conducted in southeastern queensland, australia, to determine the acute lethal effects of a 1-h pulse exposure of selected insecticides to adult and juvenile (<72 h old) crimson-spotted rainbowfish, melanotaenia duboulayi (castlenau). in addition, to its ecological significance, this native fish is a predator of mosquitoes. two organophosphate (op) compounds (temephos and pirimiphos-methyl), an entomophathogenic bacterium (bacillus thuringiensis variety israelens ... | 2002 | 12020003 |
| toxicity studies of microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae in rats, rabbits, and fish. | bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae (b.t.k.) is a microbial insecticide effective against lepidopteran pest species. acute oral toxicity in rats and acute dermal toxicity, ocular irritation, skin irritation in rabbits were studied for the wettable powder formulation of b.t.k. in addition, toxicity of the wettable powder formulation was also studied in fresh water fish (gambussia affinis). the results of these studies indicate that this wettable powder formulation of b.t.k. is nontoxic and nonirri ... | 2002 | 12022636 |
| aminopeptidase n isoforms from the midgut of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella -- their classification and the factors that determine their binding specificity to bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin. | novel aminopeptidase n (apn) isoform cdnas, bmapn3 and pxapn3, from the midguts of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella, respectively, were cloned, and a total of eight apn isoforms cloned from b. mori and p. xylostella were classified into four classes. bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ab toxins were found to bind to specific apn isoforms from the midguts of b. mori and p. xylostella, and binding occurred with fragments that corresponded to the bmapn1 cry1aa toxin-binding region of each apn ... | 2002 | 12023048 |
| the inha2 metalloprotease of bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 is required for pathogenicity in insects infected via the oral route. | the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is known to secrete a zinc metalloprotease (inha) that specifically cleaves antibacterial peptides produced by insect hosts. we identified a second copy of the inha gene, named inha2, in b. thuringiensis strain 407 cry(-). the inha2 gene encodes a putative polypeptide showing 66.2% overall identity with the inha protein and harboring the zinc-binding domain (hexxh), which is characteristic of the zinc-requiring metalloproteases. we used a tra ... | 2002 | 12029046 |
| a strain of bacillus sphaericus causes slower development of resistance in culex quinquefasciatus. | two field-collected culex quinquefasciatus colonies were subjected to selection pressure by three strains of bacillus sphaericus, c3-41, 2362, and iab59, under laboratory conditions. after 13 and 18 generations of exposure to high concentrations of c3-41 and iab59, a field-collected low-level-resistant colony developed >144,000- and 46.3-fold resistance to strains c3-41 and iab59, respectively. a field-collected susceptible colony was selected with 2362 and iab59 for 46 and 12 generations and at ... | 2002 | 12039761 |
| enterotoxin production in natural isolates of bacillaceae outside the bacillus cereus group. | thirty-nine bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by pcr for the presence of five gene targets (hblc, hbld, hbla, nhea, and nheb) in two enterotoxin operons (hbl and nhe) traditionally harbored by bacillus cereus. seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus lentimorbis, bacillus pasteurii, and bacillus thuringiensis subsp ... | 2002 | 12039781 |
| regulatory oversight in developing nations. | 2002 | 12042849 | |
| gm crops and the pesticide paradigm. | 2002 | 12042850 | |
| characterization of the proteolytic enzymes in the midgut of the european cockchafer, melolontha melolontha (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | in previous studies we showed that the resistance of the european cockchafer, melolontha melolontha, towards the scarab specific cry8c toxin of bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain buibui is due to the complexity of proteinases in the midgut of the pest insect. in this study these proteinases were identified and characterized using a combination of synthetic substrates and specific inhibitors in zymograms, activity blots, and photometric/fluorometric assays. in the midgut juice three trypsin ... | 2002 | 12044497 |
| the case of the monarch butterfly: a verdict is returned. | a publication reporting the harmful effects on the monarch butterfly of maize genetically modified to express insecticidal delta-endotoxins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) caused much public interest. a series of ecologically based studies were subsequently carried out to evaluate rigorously the impact of pollen from such crops and to quantify the risks. the results demonstrated that the commercial large-scale cultivation of current bt-maize hybrids did not pose a significant ... | 2002 | 12047949 |
| hydropathic complementarity determines interaction of epitope (869)hitdtnnk(876) in manduca sexta bt-r(1) receptor with loop 2 of domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins. | in susceptible insects, cry toxin specificity correlates with receptor recognition. in previous work, we characterized an scfv antibody (scfv73) that inhibits binding of cry1a toxins to cadherin-like receptor. the cdr3 region of scfv73 shared homology with an 8-amino acid epitope ((869)hitdtnnk(876)) of the manduca sexta cadherin-like receptor bt-r(1) (gomez, i., oltean, d. i., gill, s. s., bravo, a., and soberón, m. (2001) j. biol. chem. 276, 28906-28912). in this work, we show that the previou ... | 2002 | 12050155 |
| pcr-aided synthesis and stable expression in e.coli of the cryia (c)bt gene. | insecticidal crystal proteins, known as delta-endotoxins, from a gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have been used as bio-pesticides for over 3 decades. by using a successive pcr method, the 1.8 kb cryia (c)bt gene coding for the fragment of protoxin was synthesized. different from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd 73 cry gene, the synthesized gene has the codon usage pattern of an average pseudomonas spp gene. 614 nucleotides were changed in the synthesized cryia (c)bt gene and th ... | 2001 | 12050814 |
| avidin expressed in transgenic tobacco leaves confers resistance to two noctuid pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | fertile transgenic tobacco plants with leaves expressing avidin in the vacuole have been produced and shown to halt growth and cause mortality in larvae of two noctuid lepidopterans, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. late first instar h. armigera larvae and neonate (< 12-h-old) s. litura larvae placed on leaves excised from t0 tobacco expressing avidin at 3.1-4.6 microm (micromoles/kg of fresh leaf tissue) had very poor growth over their first 8 days on the leaves, significant numbers ... | 2002 | 12054352 |
| matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for detecting novel bt toxins. | matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to study crystal (cry) toxins from different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains. known cry toxins such as cry1ac and cry2a, as well as novel toxins for which the protein sequences were predicted by their gene sequences, were used as controls in this study. the peptide masses, obtained after in-gel trypsin digestion for all these proteins, matched correctly to the corresponding proteins. also, ma ... | 2002 | 12054787 |
| interaction of 65- and 62-kd proteins from the apical membranes of the aedes aegypti larvae midgut epithelium with cry4b and cry11a endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | a protein with the molecular weight of 65 kd is the only component of aedes aegypti larvae bbm capable to specifically bind mosquitocidal toxins cry4b and cry11a of bacillus thuringiensis. this protein lacks the leucine aminopeptidase activity which is characteristic for the toxin-binding proteins from the membranes of caterpillars. cry-toxins inactive against a. aegypti larvae either fail to bind to the 65-kd protein and to a putative product of its proteolysis with the molecular weight of 62 k ... | 2002 | 12059773 |
| expression of the full-length and 3'-spliced cry1ab gene in the 135-kda crystal protein minus derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. | bacillus thuringiensis produces a 130-135-kda insecticidal protein in the form of bipyramidal crystal which is toxic to lepidopteran larvae. part of the c-terminal region of the native cry1ab was replaced by a heterologous sequence of cry11aa c-terminus to get a 3'-spliced cry1ab gene. the full-length cry1ab and 3'-spliced cry1ab, which were both cloned into the e. coli-b. thuringiensis shuttle expression vector phzb1, were expressed in a 135-kda crystal protein minus derivative of b. thuringien ... | 2002 | 12070693 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bacillus thuringiensis based on pcr amplified fragment polymorphisms of flagellin genes. | phylogenetic analysis of 35 strains of bacillus thuringiensis was performed based on pcr amplified fragment polymorphisms of flagellin genes (pcr-afpf). from coefficient matrix, the genetic distance coefficient d among them ranged from 0.14286 to 0.81818. ten clusters were divided by the taxonomic threshold of 0.42 from the upgma dendrogram, demonstrating that the genetic dissimilarities existed among 35 strains of b. thuringiensis corresponding to 35 different serovars. this method could provid ... | 2002 | 12070694 |
| survival of kansas dipel-resistant european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on bt and non-bt corn hybrids. | the kansas dipel-resistant and susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), were evaluated in the greenhouse on different bt transgenic events expressed in corn hybrids. there were important differences in the resistance offered by the different bt event corn hybrids. hybrid comparison tests indicate that these dipel-resistant first-instar european corn borer were not able to survive to adulthood on whorl-stage mon810, bt11, or 176 bt event corn plants. third instars did not sur ... | 2002 | 12076009 |
| effects of transgenic bt corn on growth and development of the stalk borer papaipema nebris (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | this study assessed the efficacy of two different genetic events, event bt 11 (crylab) and event cbh351 (cry 9c), in bt corn against two instar classes of the stalk borer papaipema nebris across three different plant stages (v1, v3, and v5) of corn, zea mays. class a includes instars 1 and 2, and class b includes instars 3 and 4. stalk borer response and development over time were measured, and the data from 1999 and 2000 show that the bt corn does have some effect on the feeding and development ... | 2002 | 12076010 |
| binary insecticidal crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis, strain ps149b1: effects of individual protein components and mixtures in laboratory bioassays. | a family of novel binary insecticidal crystal proteins, with activity against western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, was identified from bacillus thuringiensis berliner. a binary insecticidal crystal protein (bicp) from b. thuringiensis strain ps149b1 is composed of a 14-kda protein (cry34abl) and a 44-kdaprotein (cry35ab1). these proteins have been co-expressed in transgenic maize plants, zea mays l., and effectively control western corn rootworm larvae under field condi ... | 2002 | 12076012 |
| production of certified reference materials for the detection of genetically modified organisms. | certified reference materials (crms) are an esseniial tool in the quality assurance of analytical measurements. they are produced, certified, and used in accordance with relevant iso (international organization for standardization) and bcr (community bureau of reference) guidelines. the institute for reference materials and measurements (irmm; geel, belgium) has produced the first powdery genetically modified organism (gmo) crms in cooperation with the institute for health and consumer protectio ... | 2002 | 12083274 |
| distribution and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis on the phylloplane of species of piper (piperaceae) in three altitudinal levels. | bacillus thuringiensis is found naturally on the phylloplane. in this study 35 samples from 13 species of the genus piper (piperaceae) were collected from three altitudinal levels located between 1800 and 2900 m above sea level in the colombian andean forest of central cordillera. two hundred and fifty-six isolates of b. thuringiensis were obtained from 74% of the samples studied. b. thuringiensis index (number of isolates of b. thuringiensis/number of isolates of sporulated bacilli) was 0.2. th ... | 2002 | 12087427 |
| field survey and greenhouse evaluation of non-rice host plants of the striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae), as refuges for resistance management of rice transformed with bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes. | 2002 | 12088543 | |
| increased digestibility of two products in genetically modified food (cp4-epsps and cry1ab) after preheating. | we performed experiments on in vitro digestion of newly expressed proteins by sgf (simulated gastric fluid) and sif (simulated intestinal fluid) to assess the allergenicity of food components derived from biotechnological modification. for newly expressed proteins, we chose cp4-epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4) and cry1ab derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1. the former is expressed in gm-soybeans and the latter is ex ... | 2002 | 12092415 |
| identification of a novel anti-ice-nucleating polysaccharide from bacillus thuringiensis yy529. | strain yy529, capable of producing some anti-ice-nucleating materials (anm), was isolated from the surface of a camphor leaf. strain yy529 was identified as bacillus thuringiensis from its characteristics and taxonomy; the optimum temperature and ph for producing these anms were 30 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. one of the anm with the highest activities among them was purified from the culture. the molecular weight of the anm was approximately 130 kda based on a gel filtration analysis. we co ... | 2002 | 12092845 |