Publications

distinct mechanisms for k+ efflux, intoxication, and hemolysis by bordetella pertussis ac toxin.	adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin from bordetella pertussis delivers its catalytic domain to the interior of target cells where it converts host atp to camp in a process referred to as intoxication. this toxin also hemolyzes sheep erythrocytes by a mechanism presumed to include pore formation and osmotic lysis. intoxication and hemolysis appear at strikingly different toxin concentrations and evolve over different time scales, suggesting that different molecular processes may be involved. the present ...	1998	9660789
two-component signal transduction as a target for microbial anti-infective therapy.		1998	9660978
in vitro susceptibilities of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis to bay 12-8039, trovafloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.		1998	9661039
natural competence for dna transformation in helicobacter pylori: identification and genetic characterization of the comb locus.	the gram-negative bacterial pathogen helicobacter pylori, an important aetiological agent of gastroduodenal disease in humans, belongs to a group of bacterial species displaying competence for genetic transformation. here, we describe the comb gene locus of h. pylori involved in dna transformation competence. it consists of a cluster of four tandemly arranged genes with partially overlapping open reading frames, orf2, comb1, comb2 and comb3, constituting a single transcriptional unit. orf2 encod ...	1998	9663688
stimulus-dependent transduction mechanisms for nitric oxide release in human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes.	the production of nitric oxide (no) may play an important role in functional responses of the human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (pmns). others have described the presence of both an inducible, ca2+-independent and a constitutionally expressed, ca2+-dependent nitric oxide synthase (nos) in human pmns. however, the conditions for production and release of no in human pmns are still largely unknown. we assessed mechanisms for activation of no release from human pmns and particularly t ...	1998	9665372
detection of human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in oral fluids.		1998	9665942
pathogenesis and diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections.	since their initial recognition 20 years ago, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains have emerged as an important cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. food-borne outbreaks of stec disease appear to be increasing and, when mass-produced and mass-distributed foods are concerned, can involve large numbers of people. development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat stec di ...	1998	9665978
cd4 t cell cytokine differentiation: the b cell activation molecule, ox40 ligand, instructs cd4 t cells to express interleukin 4 and upregulates expression of the chemokine receptor, blr-1.	this report investigates the role of ox40 ligand (ox40l) and its receptor, ox40, expressed on activated b and t cells, respectively, in promoting the differentiation of t helper type 2 (th2) cd4 t cells. these molecules are expressed in vivo by day 2 after priming with t cell- dependent antigens. their expression coincides with the appearance of immunoglobulin (ig)g switch transcripts and mrna for interleukin (il)-4 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, suggesting that this molecular interaction plays a r ...	1998	9670042
iron starvation of bordetella avium stimulates expression of five outer membrane proteins and regulates a gene involved in acquiring iron from serum.	iron starvation of bordetella avium induced expression of five outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 95, 92, 91.5, 84, and 51 kda. iron-responsive outer membrane proteins (ferps) of similar sizes were detected in six of six strains of b. avium, suggesting that the five ferps are common constituents of the outer membrane of most, if not all, strains of b. avium. iron-regulated genes of b. avium were targeted for mutagenesis with the transposon tnphoa. two mutants with iron-res ...	1998	9673238
cloning and expression of the moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes.	the lactoferrin receptor genes from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. the lfr genes are arranged as lbpb followed by lbpa, a gene arrangement found in lactoferrin and transferrin receptor operons from several bacterial species. in addition, a third open reading frame, orf3, is located one nucleotide downstream of lbpa. the deduced lactoferrin binding protein a (lbpa) sequences from the two strains were found to be 99% identical, the lbpb sequences were 92% iden ...	1998	9673246
listeria monocytogenes stimulates mucus exocytosis in cultured human polarized mucosecreting intestinal cells through action of listeriolysin o.	when the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes infects cultured human mucosecreting polarized ht29-mtx cells apically, it induces the stimulation of mucus exocytosis without cell entry. using a set of isogenic mutants and purified listeriolysin o (llo), we identified the l. monocytogenes thiol-activated exotoxin llo as the agonist of mucus secretion. we demonstrated that the llo-induced mucus exocytosis did not result from the llo membrane-damaging activity. we found that llo-induced muc ...	1998	9673248
induction of protective immunity in rabbits by coadministration of inactivated pasteurella multocida toxin and potassium thiocyanate extract.	pasteurella multocida is a bacterial pathogen that causes rhinitis (snuffles), pneumonia, otitis media, septicemia, metritis, and death in domestic rabbits. currently, there are no effective vaccines to prevent infection by this organism. subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with either exotoxin or thiocyanate extracts of p. multocida induces partial protection in rabbits. since disease begins at mucosal sites, induction of local immunity may be important in preventing systemic disease. little is kn ...	1998	9673263
cytokine mrna expression and proliferative responses induced by pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin of bordetella pertussis in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected and immunized schoolchildren and adults.	pertussis infection is increasingly recognized in older children and adults, indicating the need of booster immunizations in these age groups. we investigated the induction of pertussis-specific immunity in schoolchildren and adults after booster immunization and natural infection. the expression of mrna of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, and il-5 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) was assayed by reverse transcription-pcr. the pbmcs of 17 children immuniz ...	1998	9673264
hemolysin-positive enteroaggregative and cell-detaching escherichia coli strains cause oncosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages and apoptosis of murine j774 cells.	infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) and j774 cells (murine macrophage cell line) with several enteroaggregative and cytodetaching escherichia coli (eaggec and cdec, respectively) strains demonstrated that some strains could induce macrophage cell death accompanied by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity and interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) into culture supernatants. the mode of cell death differed in the two types of macrophages. damage to macrophage plasma membrane integrity ...	1998	9673280
characterization of brka expression in bordetella bronchiseptica.	brka confers resistance to killing by complement in bordetella pertussis. complement resistance in bordetella bronchiseptica was examined. four b. bronchiseptica strains possessed the brka gene; however, only three expressed the protein. only the strain lacking brka was susceptible to complement. introduction of the b. pertussis brka gene restored brka expression to this strain but did not confer resistance. brka was mutated in the strains that naturally expressed brka, and loss of brka did not ...	1998	9673291
vag8, a bordetella pertussis bvg-regulated protein.	bordetella pertussis expresses a bvg-regulated 95-kda protein, vag8, encoded by vag-8. southern blot analysis indicates that strains of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis have dna homologous to vag-8. antiserum raised to a fusion of maltose binding protein to an n-terminal 60-kda fragment of vag8 recognizes the native 95-kda protein in immunoblots of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica but not b. parapertussis. a 95-kda protein-negative derivative of b. pertussis 18323 contain ...	1998	9673293
a role for the alphavbeta3 integrin in the transmigration of monocytes.	the beta2 integrins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) are important for monocyte migration through inflammatory endothelium. here we demonstrate that the integrin alphavbeta3 is also a key player in this process. in an in vitro transendothelial migration assay, monocytes lacking beta3 integrins revealed weak migratory ability, whereas monocytes expressing beta3 integrins engaged in stronger migration. this migration could be partially blocked by antibodies against the integrin chain ...	1998	9679155
n-terminal characterization of the bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin.	the major adhesin of bordetella pertussis, filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), is produced and secreted at high levels by the bacterium. mature fha derives from a large precursor, fhab, that undergoes several post-translational maturations. in this work, we demonstrate by site-directed mutagenesis that the n-terminal signal peptide of fha is composed of 71 amino acids, including a 22-residue-long 'n-terminal extension' sequence. this sequence, although highly conserved in various other secretory p ...	1998	9680216
the efficacy of a whole cell pertussis vaccine and fimbriae against bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections in respiratory mouse model.		1998	9682386
chemical structure of lipid a isolated from flavobacterium meningosepticum lipopolysaccharide.	the chemical structure of the lipid a of the lipopolysaccharide component isolated from flavobacterium meningosepticum ifo 12535 was elucidated. methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed that two kinds of hydrophilic backbone exist in the free lipid a: a beta (1-->6)-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, which is usually present in enterobacterial lipid a's, and a 2-amino-6-o-(2, 3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose, in a molar ratio of 1.00:0.35. both back ...	1998	9683486
the conjugal intermediate of plasmid rsf1010 inhibits agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence and virb-dependent export of vire2.	agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease by transferring oncogenic, single-stranded dna (t strand), covalently attached to the vird2 protein, across the bacterial envelope into plant cells where its expression results in tumor formation. the single-stranded dna binding protein vire2 is also transferred into the plant cell, though the location at which vire2 interacts with the t strand is still under investigation. the movement of the transferred dna and vire2 from a. tumefaciens to th ...	1998	9683491
a dual-signaling mechanism mediated by the arcb hybrid sensor kinase containing the histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain in escherichia coli.	the two components arcb and arca play a crucial role in the signal transduction implicated in the complex transcriptional regulatory network that allows escherichia coli to sense various respiratory growth conditions. arcb is a hybrid sensor kinase having multiple phosphorylation sites in its primary amino acid sequence, including a transmitter, a receiver, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (hpt) domain. arca is a dna-binding transcriptional regulator with a receiver domain. results of ...	1998	9683496
a serologic study of organisms possibly associated with pertussis-like coughing.	to assess the frequency of serologic evidence for an infection with microorganisms other than bordetella pertussis in children with pertussis-like coughs.	1998	9686733
one hundred seventy-fold increase in excretion of an fv fragment-tumor necrosis factor alpha fusion protein (sfv/tnf-alpha) from escherichia coli caused by the synergistic effects of glycine and triton x-100.	to target tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) to tumor cells, recombinant dna techniques were used to construct and express the fused gene vklvh-tnf-alpha, which encodes the secreted form of single-chain fusion protein sfv/tnf-alpha in escherichia coli. sfv/tnf-alpha was secreted into the culture medium and purified by affinity chromatography. the production of the fusion protein in the culture medium under the optimal conditions of 30 degrees c and 37 micromol of isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalact ...	1998	9687443
hiv-specific t cell cytotoxicity mediated by rantes via the chemokine receptor ccr3.	cc chemokines produced by cd8(+) t cells are known to act as hiv-suppressive factors. we studied the possible role of these chemokines in hiv-1-specific killing of target cells. we found that the activity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in ctl lines or freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hiv-1-infected individuals is markedly enhanced by rantes (regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted) and virtually abolished by an antibody neutralizing rantes or the ...	1998	9687538
both the fipa gene of pkm101 and the pifc gene of f inhibit conjugal transfer of rp1 by an effect on trag.	the mechanisms by which gene products inhibit the conjugal transfer of incp plasmids (e.g., rp1) have been little studied. we have isolated and characterized one such gene, fipa (624 nucleotides), from the smai (14.8 kb)-aatii (15.6 kb) region of pkm101(incn). this gene, which is also conserved in other incn plasmids, is transcribed in an anticlockwise direction, probably as part of a transfer operon that includes trahi. the fipa protein (24 kda) appears to be cytoplasmic and, when expressed fro ...	1998	9696755
substitution of an alanine residue for glycine 146 in tmp kinase from escherichia coli is responsible for bacterial hypersensitivity to bromodeoxyuridine.	the wild-type tmp kinases from escherichia coli and from a strain hypersensitive to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were characterized comparatively. the mutation at codon 146 causes the substitution of an alanine residue for glycine in the enzyme, which is accompanied by changes in the relative affinities for 5-br-ump and tmp compared to those of the wild-type tmp kinase. plasmids carrying the wild-type tmk gene from escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis, but not the defective tmk gene, restored the re ...	1998	9696781
cell-mediated immune response of healthy adults to bordetella pertussis vaccine antigens.	cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to bordetella pertussis and acellular pertussis vaccine constituents (pertussis toxin, pertactin, and filamentous hemagglutinin) were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and t cell cultures from healthy adults with no record of vaccination against, or history of, pertussis. similarly to stimulation with common recall antigens, pbmc proliferation was induced in 80%-100% of the cultures, depending on the specific b. pertussis stimulant. proliferation d ...	1998	9697728
n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated human neutrophils.	during gram-negative infections bacterial components, such as lps and formylated peptides, exert profound physiological effects on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) resulting in increased neutrophil effector activities, including the generation of oxidative metabolites, degranulation, phagocytosis and cytokine release. there is not enough evidence about the relationships between lps and formylated bacterial peptides in the triggering and regulation of the immune inflammatory response. in this ...	1998	9697981
molecular and functional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus wlb from bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.	the bordetella pertussis wlb locus (wlbpe, formerly bpl) is required for the biosynthesis of a trisaccharide that, when attached to the b. pertussis lipopolysaccharide (lps) core (band b), generates band a lps. the equivalent loci in bordetella bronchiseptica (wlbbr) and bordetella parapertussis (wlbpa) were identified and cloned. the wlbbr and wlbpa loci differ from wlbpe in that they lack the insertion sequence that defines the right-hand terminus of wlbpe. deletion of 12 kb of dna containing ...	1998	9701800
cooperative oligonucleotides mediating direct capture of hepatitis c virus rna from serum.	a novel method for direct capture of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna from clinical samples has been developed. this approach takes advantage of the cooperative interactions between adjacently hybridized oligonucleotides. here, this cooperative effect was combined with solid-phase technology, whereby a capture probe was covalently coupled to magnetic beads and a second probe, which anneals adjacent to the capture probe site, was prehybridized in solution to the target. when these contiguously hybridi ...	1998	9705373
expanding allelic diversity of helicobacter pylori vaca.	the diversity of the gene encoding the vacuolating cytotoxin (vaca) of helicobacter pylori was analyzed in 98 isolates obtained from different geographic locations. the studies focused on variation in the previously defined s and m regions of vaca, as determined by pcr and direct sequencing. phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of four distinct types of s-region alleles: aside from the previously described s1a, s1b, and s2 allelic types, a novel subtype, designated s1c, was found. subtyp ...	1998	9705399
comparative evaluation of colorimetric microtiter plate systems for detection of herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid.	in the past few years, application of the pcr to the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with encephalitis and meningitis has become standard laboratory practice. however, from an operational perspective, the true diagnostic value of pcr in this setting is yet to be realized because most laboratories subject the amplification products to lengthy probe hybridization procedures by southern blotting. as alternatives to southern blotting, we eva ...	1998	9705419
clustering of non-major histocompatibility complex susceptibility candidate loci in human autoimmune diseases.	human autoimmune diseases are thought to develop through a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. genome-wide linkage searches of autoimmune and inflammatory/immune disorders have identified a large number of non-major histocompatibility complex loci that collectively contribute to disease susceptibility. a comparison was made of the linkage results from 23 published autoimmune or immune-mediated disease genome-wide scans. human diseases included multiple sclerosis, crohn's di ...	1998	9707586
histopathological characterization of magnetic resonance imaging-detectable brain white matter lesions in a primate model of multiple sclerosis: a correlative study in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset, a nonhuman primate species (callithrix jacchus), is a new model for multiple sclerosis. given the close immunological relationship between marmosets and humans, it is an attractive model for investigating immunopathological pathways relevant to multiple sclerosis and to evaluate new treatments for the disease. unlike in the originally documented model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced without the use of bordetella ...	1998	9708823
counterselectable markers: untapped tools for bacterial genetics and pathogenesis.		1998	9712740
porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as a cellular receptor, and the cd18 beta chain plays a functional role in fimbrial signaling.	in this study, we demonstrate that porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use molecules of beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as cellular receptors and also show that the beta chain (cd18) may play a functional role in signalling for the fimbria-induced expression of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) genes in the cells. using a binding assay with 125i-labeled fimbriae, we observed that fimbrial binding to the macrophages was inhibited by ...	1998	9712747
low endotoxic potential of legionella pneumophila lipopolysaccharide due to failure of interaction with the monocyte lipopolysaccharide receptor cd14.	legionella pneumophila, a gram-negative bacterium causing legionnaires' disease and pontiac fever, was shown to be highly reactive in in vitro gelation of limulus lysate but not able to induce fever and the local shwartzman reaction in rabbits and mice. we analyzed the capacity of purified l. pneumophila lipopolysaccharide (lps-lp) to induce activation of the human monocytic cell line mono mac 6, as revealed by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and desensitization to subsequent lps stimulat ...	1998	9712761
the phosphorylcholine epitope undergoes phase variation on a 43-kilodalton protein in pseudomonas aeruginosa and on pili of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae.	phosphorylcholine (chop) is a component of the teichoic acids of streptococcus pneumoniae and has been recently identified on the lipopolysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae, also a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract. other gram-negative pathogens that frequently infect the human respiratory tract were surveyed for the presence of the chop epitope as indicated by binding to monoclonal antibodies (mabs) recognizing this structure. the chop epitope was found on a 43-kda protein on all ...	1998	9712776
a cluster of genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis from enterococcus faecalis og1rf.	our previous work identified a cosmid clone containing a 43-kb insert from enterococcus faecalis og1rf that produced a nonprotein antigen in escherichia coli. in the present work, we studied this clone in detail. periodate treatment of lysates of the clone confirmed that the antigen was carbohydrate in nature. analysis of dna sequences and transposon insertion mutants suggested that the insert contained a multicistronic gene cluster. database comparison showed that the cluster contained genes si ...	1998	9712783
contribution of regulation by the bvg locus to respiratory infection of mice by bordetella pertussis.	whooping cough is an acute respiratory disease caused by the small, gram-negative bacterium bordetella pertussis. b. pertussis expresses several factors that contribute to its ability to cause disease. these factors include surface-associated molecules, which are involved in the adherence of the organism to respiratory epithelial cells, as well as several extracellular toxins that inhibit host defenses and induce damage to host tissues. the expression of virulence factors in b. pertussis is depe ...	1998	9712789
immunological relationship between the class i epitope of streptococcal m protein and myosin.	the class i epitope of streptococcal m protein is an epidemiological marker for acute rheumatic fever (arf)-associated serotypes of group a streptococci and is recognized by anti-m protein monoclonal antibody (mab) 10b6. using mab 10b6, we determined the relationship between the class i epitope of m protein and the alpha-helical coiled-coil protein myosin. mab 10b6 reacted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting with human cardiac myosin and rabbit skeletal myosin and its heavy ...	1998	9712796
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin induces apoptosis in hl-60 cells.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (ltx) is a member of the repeats-in-toxin (rtx) family of pore-forming toxins and kills human immune cells. currently, it remains unclear whether toxin-mediated killing of target cells involves the induction of necrosis or apoptosis. therefore, the goal of this investigation was to determine whether ltx is capable of causing apoptotic cell death in toxin-sensitive promyelocytic hl-60 cells. multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of toxin-treated c ...	1998	9712803
responses to acellular pertussis vaccines and component antigens in a coughing-rat model of pertussis.	two acellular pertussis vaccines (smithkline beecham 3-component and connaught 5-component), and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine (evans), were similarly protective against paroxysmal coughing and leukocytosis in a coughing-rat model of pertussis. a two-dose immunization schedule was followed by sublethal intrabronchial challenge with bordetella pertussis strain 18-323, encased in fine agarose beads, and the coughing monitored by sound-activated tape recorders. pertussis toxoid by itself gave some ...	1998	9713934
antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to booster immunization with a new acellular pertussis vaccine in school children.	235 healthy 10-12 years old school children were randomly immunized with either a booster dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtap) or diphtheria-tetanus (dt) vaccine. for this booster immunization designed for school children and adults, the quantities of bordetella pertussis antigens in the dtap vaccine had been reduced to one third of those of the infanrix vaccine (smithkline beecham) commonly used for infants. igg antibodies and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to pertussis t ...	1998	9713935
pertussis complications in germany--3 years of hospital-based surveillance during the introduction of acellular vaccines.	between 1 november 1993 and 31 october 1996, admissions to paediatric departments for bordetella pertussis complications were reported to a nationwide, hospital-based active surveillance system. the case definition included pertussis complicated by pneumonia, apnoea requiring assisted ventilation, seizures, encephalopathy or a combination of these. two hundred sixteen cases of pertussis complications were registered. 57.4% of them were in infants, 50.9% of them less than 6 months old. there were ...	1998	9717680
state of art in antibacterial susceptibility of bordetella pertussis and antibiotic treatment of pertussis.		1998	9717684
whooping cough caused by bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in an immunized population.	the prevalence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections among outpatients in an immunized population is not known.	1998	9718056
evidence that a globular conformation is not compatible with fhac-mediated secretion of the bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin.	the 220 kda bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (fha) is the major extracellular protein of this organism. it is exported using a signal peptide-dependent pathway, and its secretion depends on one specific outer membrane accessory protein, fhac. in this work, we have investigated the influence of conformation on the fhac-mediated secretion of fha using an 80kda n-terminal fha derivative, fha44. in contrast to many signal peptide-dependent secretory proteins, no soluble periplasmic in ...	1998	9723916
purification and characterization of three thermostable endochitinases of a noble bacillus strain, mh-1, isolated from chitin-containing compost.	a thermophilic and actinic bacterium strain, mh-1, which produced three different endochitinases in its culture fluid was isolated from chitin-containing compost. the microorganism did not grow in any of the usual media for actinomyces but only in colloidal chitin supplemented with yeast extract and (2, 6-o-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin. compost extract enhanced its growth. in spite of the formation of branched mycelia, other properties of the strain, such as the formation of endospores, the prese ...	1998	9726888
discrimination of bordetella parapertussis and bordetella pertussis organisms from clinical isolates by pcr using biotin-labelled oligonucleotide probes.	a recently developed shared-primer polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was investigated, in an ongoing pertussis surveillance study for discrimination of bordetella parapertussis and bordetella pertussis organisms, by using specific biotin-labelled oligonucleotide probes. from a total of 132 samples, 83 were positive by the b. parapertussis specific probe, 33 were positive by the b. pertussis specific probe and 16 samples containing hemophilus influenzae as a negative control were below threshold by ...	1998	9727197
insertion sequences.	insertion sequences (iss) constitute an important component of most bacterial genomes. over 500 individual iss have been described in the literature to date, and many more are being discovered in the ongoing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome-sequencing projects. the last 10 years have also seen some striking advances in our understanding of the transposition process itself. not least of these has been the development of various in vitro transposition systems for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic e ...	1998	9729608
a natural large chromosomal inversion in lactococcus lactis is mediated by homologous recombination between two insertion sequences.	comparative analysis of chromosomal macrorestriction polymorphism of the two closely related lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains mg1363 and ncdo763 revealed the presence of a large inversion covering half of the genome. to determine what kind of genetic element could be implicated in this rearrangement, the two inversion junctions of mg1363 and ncdo763 chromosomes were cloned and characterized. nucleotide sequence analysis showed the presence of one copy of the lactococcal is905 element i ...	1998	9733685
is481 and is1002 of bordetella pertussis create a 6-base-pair duplication upon insertion at a consensus target site.	the insertion sequence is481 and its isoform is1002 have been observed to transpose into the bvgas locus of bordetella pertussis, for which the dna sequence has previously been determined. upon insertion of is481 at three different sites and is1002 at one site, a 6-bp sequence originally present was found at the junction of bvg and insertion sequence dna. this indicates that, contrary to prior reports, is481 and is1002 do create a duplication upon insertion. in this light, examination of these a ...	1998	9733704
protection against lethal encephalomyocarditis virus infection in the absence of serum-neutralizing antibodies.	although the ability of serum-neutralizing antibodies to protect against picornavirus infection is well established, the contribution of cell-mediated immunity to protection is uncertain. using major histocompatibility complex class ii-deficient (rhabeta-/-) mice, which are unable to mediate cd4(+) t-lymphocyte-dependent humoral responses, we demonstrated antibody-independent protection against lethal encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in the natural host. the majority of rhabeta-/- mic ...	1998	9733845
corynebacterium striatum chloramphenicol resistance transposon tn5564: genetic organization and transposition in corynebacterium glutamicum.	the clinical isolate corynebacterium striatum m82b (formerly corynebacterium xerosis m82b) carries the 50-kb r-plasmid ptp10 conferring resistance to the antibiotics chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. dna sequence analysis of the chloramphenicol resistance region revealed the presence of the 4155-bp transposable element tn5564. the ends of tn5564 are identical 22-bp inverted repeats flanked by a 6-bp target site duplication. the central region of tn5564 encodes the chlor ...	1998	9735314
improved amplification of microbial dna from blood cultures by removal of the pcr inhibitor sodium polyanetholesulfonate.	molecular methods are increasingly used to identify microbes in clinical samples. a common technical problem with pcr is failed amplification due to the presence of pcr inhibitors. initial attempts at amplification of the bacterial 16s rrna gene from inoculated blood culture media failed for this reason. the inhibitor persisted, despite numerous attempts to purify the dna, and was identified as sodium polyanetholesulfonate (sps), a common additive to blood culture media. like dna, sps is a high- ...	1998	9738025
molecular epidemiology of recent belgian isolates of neisseria meningitidis serogroup b.	in belgium an increase in the incidence of meningococcal disease has been noted since the early 1990s. four hundred twenty clinical strains isolated during the period from 1990 to 1995, along with a set of 30 european reference strains, and 20 dutch isolates were examined by random-primer and repetitive-motif-based pcr. a subset was investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the data were compared with results obtained by serotyping (m. van looveren, ...	1998	9738028
comparative efficacy of the lederle/takeda acellular pertussis component dtp (dtap) vaccine and lederle whole-cell component dtp vaccine in german children after household exposure. pertussis vaccine study group.	a household contact substudy was performed as part of a prospective, cohort pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in germany.	1998	9738175
regulation of myogenesis by fibroblast growth factors requires beta-gamma subunits of pertussis toxin-sensitive g proteins.	terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells in culture is inhibited by a number of different growth factors whose subsequent intracellular signaling events are poorly understood. in this study, we have investigated the role of heterotrimeric g proteins in mediating fibroblast growth factor (fgf)-dependent signals that regulate myogenic differentiation. pertussis toxin, which adp-ribosylates and inactivates susceptible g proteins, promotes terminal differentiation in the presence of fgf-2, ...	1998	9742095
surface-associated hsp60 chaperonin of legionella pneumophila mediates invasion in a hela cell model.	hela cells have been previously used to demonstrate that virulent strains of legionella pneumophila (but not salt-tolerant avirulent strains) efficiently invade nonphagocytic cells. hsp60, a member of the groel family of chaperonins, is displayed on the surface of virulent l. pneumophila (r. a. garduño et al., j. bacteriol. 180:505-513, 1988). because hsp60 is largely involved in protein-protein interactions, we investigated its role in adherence-invasion in the hela cell model. hsp60-specific a ...	1998	9746556
a second two-component regulatory system of bordetella bronchiseptica required for bacterial resistance to oxidative stress, production of acid phosphatase, and in vivo persistence.	random minitransposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes involved in the survival of bordetella bronchiseptica within eukaryotic cells. one of the mutants which exhibited a reduced ability to survive intracellularly harbored a minitransposon insertion in a locus (ris) which displays a high degree of homology to two-component regulatory systems. this system exhibited less than 25% amino acid sequence homology to the only other two-component regulatory system described in bordetella spp., the ...	1998	9746560
the number of direct repeats in haga is variable among porphyromonas gingivalis strains.	the coding sequence for the surface protein hemagglutinin a (haga) of porphyromonas gingivalis 381 has previously been shown to contain four direct 1.35-kb repeats, designated repha. this study was performed to determine if the number of repha units in haga is consistently 4 or if allelic polymorphism exists among strains and/or upon multiple passage of p. gingivalis. to this end, primers which were homologous to the regions directly 5' and 3' of the repeat domain in haga were synthesized. pcr c ...	1998	9746569
antigenic analysis of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin with phage display libraries and rabbit anti-filamentous hemagglutinin polyclonal antibodies.	although substantial advancements have been made in the development of efficacious acellular vaccines against bordetella pertussis, continued progress requires better understanding of the antigenic makeup of b. pertussis virulence factors, including filamentous hemagglutinin (fha). to identify antigenic regions of fha, phage display libraries constructed by using random fragments of the 10-kbp ecori fragment of b. pertussis fhab were affinity selected with rabbit anti-fha polyclonal antibodies. ...	1998	9746593
intestinal secretory factor released by macrophages stimulated with clostridium difficile toxin a: role of interleukin 1beta.	clostridium difficile toxin a is associated with enterocolitis in animals and humans. however, the mechanisms of its secretory and damaging effects are not totally understood. in this work, we examined the intestinal secretion of electrolytes and water caused by supernatants from macrophages stimulated with toxin a in rabbit ileal mucosa mounted in ussing chambers. we also investigated the mechanism by which the intestinal secretory factor (isf) is released from stimulated macrophages. supernata ...	1998	9746596
interleukin-12 has a role in mediating resistance of murine strains to tyzzer's disease.	clostridium piliforme induces enterohepatic disease in many domestic and laboratory animal species. susceptibility to infection is known to vary with the immune status and strain of the host, but little is known about specific immune mechanisms that regulate this disease. to evaluate host control of c. piliforme infection, we examined the role of interleukin-12 (il-12) both in the control of and in the response to murine c. piliforme infection. for this study, 3-week-old c. piliforme-resistant c ...	1998	9746600
production of interleukin-12 by murine macrophages in response to bacterial peptidoglycan.	peptidoglycan (pg), a component of the bacterial cell wall, has various immunomodulating activities, including the capacity to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to antigens administered in freund's adjuvant. we report that pg induces interleukin-12 (il-12) mrna production and il-12 secretion by mouse macrophages. the capacity of pg to induce il-12 production, like its previously reported immunomodulating activities, was dependent on the structure of its peptide subunit. pg from baci ...	1998	9746601
a new class of caulobacter crescentus flagellar genes.	eight caulobacter crescentus flagellar genes, flma, flmb, flmc, flmd, flme, flmf, flmg, and flmh, have been cloned and characterized. these eight genes are clustered in pairs (flmab, flmcd, flmef, and flmgh) that appear to be structurally organized as operons. homology comparisons suggest that the proteins encoded by the flm genes may be involved in posttranslational modification of flagellins or proteins that interact with flagellin monomers prior to their assembly into a flagellar filament. ex ...	1998	9748431
structural organization of virulence-associated plasmids of yersinia pestis.	the complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the three virulence plasmids from yersinia pestis kim5 were determined. plasmid ppcp1 (9,610 bp) has a gc content of 45.3% and encodes two previously known virulence factors, an associated protein, and a single copy of is100. plasmid pcd1 (70,504 bp) has a gc content of 44.8%. it is known to encode a number of essential virulence determinants, regulatory functions, and a multiprotein secretory system comprising the low-calcium response st ...	1998	9748454
the effect of investigator compliance (observer bias) on calculated efficacy in a pertussis vaccine trial.	in the course of a large pertussis vaccine efficacy trial we realized that investigator compliance could have a major impact on calculated vaccine efficacy.	1998	9755264
pertussis encephalopathy with high cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin.	a 7-year-old unimmunized girl with pertussis presented with respiratory failure and electroencephalographic evidence of an encephalopathy. the cerebrospinal fluid (csf)/serum ratio of antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were 11- and ninefold higher than the csf/serum ratio of total immunoglobulin g. the csf/serum ratio of albumin was normal. these findings indicate production of antibodies in the central nervous system to bordetella pertussis antigens and imply, therefore ...	1998	9755273
[basic and clinical studies on tazobactam/piperacillin in pediatric field].	a drug susceptibility test of the combination drug taz/pipc, which consists of a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam (taz), and one of penicillin antibiotics, piperacillin (pipc), with combination ratio of 1:4 in potency, was conducted with stock strains and clinical isolates. the clinical efficacy and safety of its injection was also evaluated in children with a variety of infectious diseases. the results were as follows: 1. in susceptibility test, 114 strains from 4 species of ...	1998	9755831
comparison of three media for agar dilution susceptibility testing of bordetella pertussis using six antibiotics.	since antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the fastidious species bordetella pertussis is not standardized, the most suitable medium for agar dilution testing of this species has not yet been determined. in the present study, mueller-hinton, bordet-gengou, and oxoid charcoal agars (each supplemented with 5% horse blood) were evaluated for agar dilution susceptibility testing of bordetella pertussis against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim ...	1998	9758277
in vitro reconstitution of microtubule plus end-directed, gtpgammas-sensitive motility of golgi membranes.	purified golgi membranes were mixed with cytosol and microtubules (mts) and observed by video enhanced light microscopy. initially, the membranes appeared as vesicles that moved along mts. as time progressed, vesicles formed aggregates from which membrane tubules emerged, traveled along mts, and eventually generated extensive reticular networks. membrane motility required atp, occurred mainly toward mt plus ends, and was inhibited almost completely by the h1 monoclonal antibody to kinesin heavy ...	1998	9763438
the rationale and method for constructing internal control dna used in pertussis polymerase chain reaction.	the inclusion of an appropriate internal control dna in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a rapid and simple method for the detection of pcr failure. two pcr coamplification internal control dnas (icd i and icd ii) with the same primer-binding sequences as the target dna for the detection of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis were produced using an overlap extension technique and a pcr mimic construction kit, respectively. the icd ii was further evaluated in a prospective clinica ...	1998	9764389
somatic mutation of immunoglobulin v(h)6 genes in human infants.	infants respond to antigen by making antibody that is generally of low affinity for antigen. somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes, and selection of cells expressing mutations with improved affinity for antigen, are the molecular and cellular processes underlying the maturation of antibody affinity. we have reported previously that neonates and infants up to 2 months of age, including individuals undergoing strong immunological challenge, show very few mutated v(h)6 sequences, with low m ...	1998	9764600
dissemination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from the gastric mucosa requires g protein-coupled signaling.	the gastric mucosa is an important portal of entry for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infections. within hours after intragastric (i.g.) inoculation, virus appears in the gastric epithelia, then in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, and then in the liver and brain. by 72 h i.g.-inoculated virus is widely disseminated and equivalent to intravenous (i.v.) infection (s. k. rai, b. k. micales, m. s. wu, d. s. cheung, t. d. pugh, g. e. lyons, and m. s. salvato. am. j. pathol. 151:633-6 ...	1998	9765400
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the rhodobacter capsulatus sodb gene, encoding an iron superoxide dismutase.	genetic complementation of a soda sodb escherichia coli mutant strain was used to clone rhodobacter capsulatus genes involved in detoxification of superoxide radicals. after sequence analysis, 1 of the 16 identical clones obtained by this selection procedure was shown to contain an open reading frame with sequence similarity to that coding for fe-containing superoxide dismutases (sodb). the r. capsulatus sodb gene was expressed in e. coli, and the nature of the metal ligand was confirmed by inhi ...	1998	9765573
two iron-regulated putative ferric siderophore receptor genes in bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis.	two iron-regulated genes with deduced homology to tonb-dependent ferric siderophore receptors were cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of tnphoa insertion mutants. bfrb and bfrc were iron-repressed in b. bronchiseptica by a fur-dependent mechanism, and were expressed from promoters overlapped by potential fur-binding sites. both genes were highly conserved among bordetella species and were also iron-regulated in bordetella pertussis. bfrb and bfrc mutants of both species ...	1998	9766221
involvement of alpha-4 integrins in allergic airway responses and mast cell degranulation in vivo.	antibodies against integrins have been shown to inhibit allergic airway responses. the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the beta1 integrin, very late antigen-4 (vla-4), is involved in mast cell activation triggered by allergen exposure in sensitized animals. to do this we studied brown norway rats that were sensitized to ovalbumin (oa; 1 mg subcutaneously) using bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant. two weeks later rats were challenged with oa, pulmonary resistance (rl) was d ...	1998	9769271
charge-dependent translocation of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin into eukaryotic cells: implication for the in vivo delivery of cd8(+) t cell epitopes into antigen-presenting cells.	bordetella pertussis secretes a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase toxin, cyaa, that is able to deliver its n-terminal catalytic domain (400-aa residues) into the cytosol of eukaryotic target cells, directly through the cytoplasmic membrane. we have previously shown that cyaa can be used as a vehicle to deliver t cell epitopes, inserted within the catalytic domain of the toxin, into antigen-presenting cells and can trigger specific class i-restricted cd8(+) cytotoxic t cell responses in vivo ...	1998	9770520
recent advances: medical microbiology.		1998	9774296
detection of point mutations associated with resistance of helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin by hybridization in liquid phase.	when the standard procedure for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria is used, the results are delayed, especially for bacteria that grow slowly, such as helicobacter pylori. treatment for this bacterium may involve clarithromycin, a compound for which resistance has been associated with point mutations on the 23s rrna gene. this resistance is currently found in organisms isolated from 0 to 15% of patients and jeopardizes the success of the treatment. we have designed a test involvin ...	1998	9774580
[inactivation and toxoiding of biologically-active components of bordetella pertussis by tea catechins].	an ability of tea catechins known as agents for the disinfection to bacteria and viruses were tested on application for toxoiding biologically active components of bordetella pertussis. the effects on the activities and antigenicity of filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and pertussis toxin (pt) were investigated. the activities of fha and pt were inactivated by catechins at approximately 10(3) times lower dose (0.2 mm) compared with that of formalin. the activity of inactivated fha was recovered by ...	1998	9779002
muramyl peptide probes derived from tracheal cytotoxin of bordetella pertussis.	a novel semisynthetic scheme was developed to couple amine-reactive labeling reagents to the muramyl peptide tracheal cytotoxin (tct) without affecting a critical amine group. tracheal cytotoxin, n-acetylglucosaminyl-1, 6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramyl-ala-gamma-glu-a2pmala (a2pm, diaminopimelic acid), is released by bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough. this glycopeptide reproduces the specific ciliated cell damage observed in the respiratory tract during b. pertussis infection. ...	1998	9784186
antigenic diversity and gene polymorphisms in haemophilus influenzae.		1998	9784503
bordetella avium virulence measured in vivo and in vitro.	bordetella avium causes an upper-respiratory-tract disease called bordetellosis in birds. bordetellosis shares many of the clinical and histopathological features of disease caused in mammals by bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica. in this study we determined several parameters of infection in the domestic turkey, meleagris galapavo, and compared these in vivo findings with an in vitro measure of adherence using turkey tracheal rings. in the in vivo experiments, we determined the ...	1998	9784529
scid/ncr mice naturally infected with helicobacter hepaticus develop progressive hepatitis, proliferative typhlitis, and colitis.	hepatitis, proliferative typhlitis, and colitis were characterized in young adult and older scid/ncr mice naturally infected with helicobacter hepaticus. liver lesions consisted of kupffer, ito, and oval cell hyperplasia along with multifocal to coalescing coagulative hepatocyte necrosis. numerous warthin-starry-positive bacteria were observed in the parenchyma, and there were minimal to mild accumulations of monocytic cells and neutrophils. proliferative typhlitis was characterized by moderate ...	1998	9784560
the yersinia deadly kiss.		1998	9791096
an abc transporter plays a developmental aggregation role in myxococcus xanthus.	myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative bacterium which has a complex life cycle. autochemotaxis, a process whereby cells release a self-generated signaling molecule, may be the principal mechanism facilitating directed motility in both the vegetative swarming and developmental aggregation stages of this life cycle. the process requires the frz signal transduction system, including frzz, a protein which is composed of two domains, both showing homology to the enteric chemotaxis response regulator ...	1998	9791121
serological correlates of immunity to bordetella pertussis.		1998	9796040
a search for serologic correlates of immunity to bordetella pertussis cough illnesses.	in a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in germany we collected sera from vaccinees (dtap or dtp) after the third and fourth doses of vaccine or at comparable time periods in dt vaccine recipients. in addition, sera were collected from a randomized sample of subjects in each vaccine group at approximately 3-month intervals from which antibody kinetic curves were constructed, which allowed us to estimate specific antibody values to pertussis toxin (pt), filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), pertactin an ...	1998	9796041
levels of anti-pertussis antibodies related to protection after household exposure to bordetella pertussis.	vaccine efficacies against typical pertussis after household exposure to bordetella pertussis were estimated to be 75.4% for an acellular five-component vaccine, 42.4% for an acellular two-component vaccine, and 28.5%, for a licensed us whole cell vaccine, compared to placebo. logistic regression analyses demonstrated statistically significant correlations between clinical protection and the presence of igg antibodies against pertactin, fimbriae 2/3 and pertussis toxin in pre-exposure sera. mult ...	1998	9796042
stimulation of mucosal and systemic antibody responses against bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin and recombinant pertussis toxin after nasal administration with chitosan in mice.	mice were intranasally immunised with a mixture of bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (fha) and recombinant pertussis toxin, pt-9k/129g (rpt) in combination with chitosan. for both antigens, this formulation induced systemic responses as measured by serum igg and also mucosal responses as measured by secretory iga in lung lavage and nasal washes. immunosorbant assays were used to measure these responses. both the systemic and mucosal responses were considerably higher than those pro ...	1998	9796062
oral tetravalent rotavirus vaccine can be successfully coadministered with oral poliovirus vaccine and a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. us rhesus rotavirus vaccine study group.	to determine whether an oral tetravalent rotavirus vaccine (rv-tv) can be safely coadministered with a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (dtp/hib) and oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) to healthy infants without interfering with the immune responses to any of the component antigens.	1998	9802635
immunoglobulin e-dependent active fatal anaphylaxis in mast cell-deficient mice.	mast cells have long been believed to be the central effector cells in the development of immunoglobulin (ig)e-dependent anaphylaxis. in this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in ige-dependent hapten-induced active fatal anaphylaxis using mast cell-deficient wbb6f1- w/wv (w/wv) and congenic normal (+/+) mice. although a 5-min delay in shock signs and death were observed in w/wv mice, 100% fatal reactions to penicillin v (pen v) occurred in both +/+ and w/wv mice. administration of mo ...	1998	9802970
entamoeba histolytica: identification of functional gs and gi proteins as possible signal transduction elements in the interaction of trophozoites with fibronectin.	trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica adhere to several components of the extracellular matrix. binding is mediated by specific receptors identified in the parasite surface. interaction of trophozoites with fn induces the formation of special adhesion structures that are dynamic cytoskeleton membrane complexes and facilitate both adhesion and substrate degradation. the process requires activation of signaling pathways in which plc, ip3, ca2-, and pkc participate. these observations, and recent e ...	1998	9806871
the cellular immune response to bordetella pertussis in two children with whooping cough.	there is increasing evidence that the cellular immune response to bordetella pertussis plays an important role in the immune protection. particularly in animal models, bordetella pertussis-specific t-cells have been shown to confer immunity. in this case report, we therefore investigated the cellular immune response to whole cell bordetella pertussis bacteria, to the pertussis antigens filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxoid defined by lymphoproliferation and cytokine secretion. two child ...	1998	9810032
haemophilus ducreyi secretes a filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein.	we have identified two extremely large open reading frames (orfs) in haemophilus ducreyi 35000, lspa1 and lspa2, each of which encodes a predicted protein product whose n-terminal half is approximately 43% similar to the n-terminal half of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fhab). to the best of our knowledge, lspa1 (12,500 nucleotides [nt]) and lspa2 (14,800 nt) are among the largest prokaryotic orfs identified to date. the predicted proteins, lspa1 and lspa2, are 86% identical ove ...	1998	9811662
exoy, an adenylate cyclase secreted by the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iii system.	the exoenzyme s regulon is a set of coordinately regulated virulence genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa. proteins encoded by the regulon include a type iii secretion and translocation apparatus, regulators of gene expression, and effector proteins. the effector proteins include two enzymes with adp-ribosyltransferase activity (exos and exot) and an acute cytotoxin (exou). in this study, we identified exoy as a fourth effector protein of the regulon. exoy is homologous to the extracellular adenylate ...	1998	9811898