Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt): frequency and localization in young children. | in mucosal immunology nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt) is taken as a constitutive structure of the nasal immune system and as a target tissue in strategies of local defence and an induction site for vaccination. these concepts are based on findings in rodents, but it has not been investigated systematically whether nalt also is present in humans and if so in which amount and localization. in a postmortem study the presence of nalt in humans is documented as a morphologically distinct stru ... | 2003 | 14632758 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dk-507k, a novel fluoroquinolone. | the antibacterial activities of dk-507k, a novel quinolone, were compared with those of other quinolones: ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sitafloxacin, and garenoxacin (bms284756). dk-507k was as active as sitafloxacin and was as active as or up to eightfold more active than gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. dk-507k wa ... | 2003 | 14638477 |
| novel antibacterial class. | we report the discovery and characterization of a novel ribosome inhibitor (nri) class that exhibits selective and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. compounds in this class inhibit growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis, and are nontoxic to human cell lines. the first nri was discovered in a high-throughput screen designed to identif ... | 2003 | 14638491 |
| comparative in vitro susceptibilities and bactericidal activities of investigational fluoroquinolone abt-492 and other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | we determined in vitro susceptibilities for abt-492 and other antimicrobials against mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma hominis, and ureaplasma species. abt-492 mics were < or =1 microg/ml, and the agent was bactericidal against selected isolates of m. pneumoniae and m. hominis. abt-492 has potential for treatment of infections due to these microorganisms. | 2003 | 14638513 |
| salivary antibodies directed against outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis in healthy adults. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract, but the mucosal immune response directed against surface components of this organism has not been characterized in detail. the aim of this study was to investigate the salivary immunoglobulin a (iga) response toward outer membrane proteins (omp) of m. catarrhalis in healthy adults, the group of individuals least likely to be colonized and thus most likely to display mucosal immunity. unstimulated saliva samples col ... | 2003 | 14638765 |
| human antibodies specific for the high-molecular-weight adhesion proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae mediate opsonophagocytic activity. | the hmw1- and hmw2-like adhesion proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are expressed by 75% of these strains, and antibodies directed against these proteins are protective in animal models of infection. the purpose of the present study was to define the functional activity of human antibodies specific for these proteins in an in vitro complement-dependent opsonophagocytic assay. human promyelocytic cell line hl-60 served as the source of phagocytic cells, and a commercial preparation of ... | 2003 | 14638776 |
| [bacteria and resistance to antibiotics in acute otitis media in paediatrics, depending on the geographical origin]. | epidemiology of the bacteria responsible: acute otitis media (aom) is the most common bacterial infection in childhood below the age of 5 years. bacteria may be isolated from middle ear fluid in about two-thirds of patients. the prevalence of bacteria varies from one country to the next. the most common pathogens recovered are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae (20-50%) and less frequently moraxella catarrhalis (10%). however, several recent reports suggest an increasing rate of is ... | 2003 | 14663392 |
| antibacterial resistance among children with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (protekt 1999-2000). | to determine the susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, isolated from children (0-12 years) as part of the global protekt surveillance study (1999-2000), to a range of antibacterials, including the ketolide telithromycin. | 2004 | 14667791 |
| current issues in the management of bacterial respiratory tract disease: the challenge of antibacterial resistance. | the worldwide burden of respiratory tract disease is enormous. resistance to penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins is now detected among the leading bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections (rtis)-streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the increasing role of atypical/intracellular pathogens (eg, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila) in rtis, as well as their increase in antibiotic resistance prevalence, ... | 2003 | 14671500 |
| septic arthritis caused by moraxella catarrhalis associated with infliximab treatment in a patient with undifferentiated spondarthritis. | 2004 | 14672904 | |
| [administration of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | we have to consider the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(copd) may be caused not only by infection, but also by acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or other cardiopulmonary complications. because it is characteristic that the exacerbation of copd is often recurensive, the most important thing is the administration during stable status. approximately 40% of pathogens of the acute infectious exacerbation of copd are haemophilus influe ... | 2003 | 14674328 |
| alloiococcus otitidis in acute otitis media. | the bacterium alloiococcus otitidis has been found to be associated with otitis media with effusion (ome). when the culture method is used, its detection rate is low, whereas applying the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) yields significantly higher frequencies. this study was carried out to investigate the incidence of a. otitidis in children with acute otitis media (aom). | 2004 | 14687687 |
| eustachian tube gland tissue changes are related to bacterial species in acute otitis media. | prior investigations have shown that the number of mucus producing goblet cells in the middle ear and eustachian tube (et) mucosa is highly increased during and up to at least six months after experimental acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae (sp). further, the volume of the mucus producing paratubal gland components is increased up to 3 months after the acute infection. these changes may in conjunction with a deteriorated et function predispose a subsequent development of ... | 2004 | 14687693 |
| microbiology of otitis media in costa rican children, 1999 through 2001. | because of the increasing number of resistant middle ear pathogens and the impact of the new conjugate streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine, an active surveillance of the microbiology and susceptibility pattern of middle ear pathogens is required. | 2003 | 14688566 |
| [activities of antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 medical institutions during 2000 in japan]. | a survey was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 japanese medical institutions in 2000. a total of 25 antimicrobial agents were used, comprising 4 fluoroquinolones, 13 beta-lactams, minocycline, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. a high resistance rate of over 85% against fluoroquinolones was exhibited b ... | 2003 | 14692376 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2001)]. | from october 2001 to september 2002, we collected the specimen from 370 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and patients' characteristics. of 458 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 456 strains were investigated. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococ ... | 2003 | 14692377 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, monobactams, and penicillins. changes in czop susceptibility among bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated from the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (4,154 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical ... | 2003 | 14692381 |
| in vitro activities of the novel cephalosporin lb 11058 against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. | lb 11058 is a novel parenteral cephalosporin with a c-3 pyrimidinyl-substituted vinyl sulfide group and a c-7 2-amino-5-chloro-1,3-thiazole group. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of lb 11058 against 1,245 recent clinical isolates, including a subset of gram-positive strains with specific resistant phenotypes. lb 11058 was very active against streptococcus pneumoniae. the novel cephalosporin was 8- to 16-fold more potent than ceftriaxone, cefepime, or amoxicillin-clavulana ... | 2004 | 14693518 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic activities of abt-492, a novel quinolone, compared to those of levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | abt-492 is a novel quinolone with potent activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, making this compound an ideal candidate for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. we therefore compared the in vitro pharmacodynamic activity of abt-492 to that of levofloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of pneumonia, through mic determination and time-kill kinetic analysis. abt-492 demonstrated potent activity against penicillin-sensitive, penicillin-resis ... | 2004 | 14693540 |
| peptide deformylase inhibitors as antibacterial agents: identification of vrc3375, a proline-3-alkylsuccinyl hydroxamate derivative, by using an integrated combinatorial and medicinal chemistry approach. | peptide deformylase (pdf), a metallohydrolase essential for bacterial growth, is an attractive target for use in the discovery of novel antibiotics. focused chelator-based chemical libraries were constructed and screened for inhibition of enzymatic activity, inhibition of staphylococcus aureus growth, and cytotoxicity. positive compounds were selected based on the results of all three assays. vrc3375 [n-hydroxy-3-r-butyl-3-(2-s-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)propionamide] was iden ... | 2004 | 14693547 |
| in vitro activities of da-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, against recent clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | in vitro activities of da-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, were compared to those of linezolid and commonly used antimicrobials. da-7867 had the lowest mic for 90% of the aerobic gram-positive bacterial strains tested, </=0.25 micro g/ml, and it was more potent than linezolid. | 2004 | 14693566 |
| association of clinical signs and symptoms with bacterial findings in acute otitis media. | in acute otitis media (aom), a means of prediction of the bacterial pathogen based on symptoms and signs would be valuable in selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatment. children in the control arm (n=831) in the finnish otitis media vaccine trial were prospectively observed in a study clinic setting from the age of 2 to 24 months. in patients with aom, myringotomy with aspiration was performed, and middle ear fluid samples were cultured for bacterial pathogens. symptoms and signs of respirat ... | 2004 | 14699456 |
| topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension is superior to ofloxacin otic solution in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes. | to determine the efficacy and safety of topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension compared with ofloxacin otic solution in the treatment of acute otitis media with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes (aomt) in pediatric patients. | 2004 | 14702493 |
| adenoviral infections in children: the impact of rapid diagnosis. | adenovirus (adv) infections were difficult to diagnose in the past, and many infections were unrecognized. direct fluorescent assay (dfa) for the rapid diagnosis of adv infection, as part of a viral respiratory panel, became available at primary children's medical center (salt lake city, ut) in december 2000. | 2004 | 14702495 |
| clinical and bacteriological efficacy of the ketolide telithromycin against isolates of key respiratory pathogens: a pooled analysis of phase iii studies. | a pooled analysis of data from 13 phase iii studies of telithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis or group a beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis was undertaken. causative key respiratory tract pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes) were isolated at entry to the studies from cultures of relevant respira ... | 2004 | 14706083 |
| phagocytosis, innate immunity, and host-pathogen specificity. | 2004 | 14707110 | |
| granulocyte ceacam3 is a phagocytic receptor of the innate immune system that mediates recognition and elimination of human-specific pathogens. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are used by several human pathogens to anchor themselves to or invade host cells. interestingly, human granulocytes express a specific isoform, ceacam3, that participates together with ceacam1 and ceacam6 in the recognition of ceacam-binding microorganisms. here we show that ceacam3 can direct efficient, opsonin-independent phagocytosis of ceacam-binding neisseria, moraxella, and haemophilus species. ceacam3- but not ceacam6-medi ... | 2004 | 14707113 |
| microbiology of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. | we undertook to evaluate the microbiology of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. | 2004 | 14710008 |
| mucosal immunization against respiratory bacterial pathogens. | bacterial respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. the young and the elderly are particularly susceptible to the pathogens that cause these diseases. therapeutic approaches remain dependent upon antibiotics contributing to the persistent increases in antibiotic resistance. the main causes of respiratory disease discussed in this review are mycobacterium tuberculosis, corynebacterium diphtheriae, bordatella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae, non ... | 2003 | 14711339 |
| detection of the bacillus anthracis gyra gene by using a minor groove binder probe. | identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among b. anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. we evaluated the bacterial gyra gene as a potential chromosomal marker for b. anthracis. a real-time pcr assay was developed for the detection of b. anthracis. after analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the b. anthracis gyra gene, a fluorescent 3' minor groove binding probe was tested ... | 2004 | 14715750 |
| use of real-time pcr to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup identification of neisseria meningitidis. | neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and septicemia in children and young adults in the united states. rapid and reliable identification of n. meningitidis serogroups is crucial for judicious and expedient response to cases of meningococcal disease, including decisions about vaccination campaigns. from 1997 to 2002, 1,298 n. meningitidis isolates, collected in the united states through the active bacterial core surveillance (abcs), were tested by slide agglutination ... | 2004 | 14715772 |
| survival of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis frozen in skim milk- tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium. | in stgg (skim milk, tryptone, glucose, glycerol) medium at -80 degrees c, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates survived for at least 3 years, and the same species have survived in nasopharyngeal swabs for at least 1.5 years. at -20 degrees c, s. pneumoniae and m. catarrhalis survived for 1.5 years, but h. influenzae survived for only 2 months. | 2004 | 14715793 |
| pseudomonal infections in patients with copd: epidemiology and management. | copd is a common disease with increasing prevalence. the chronic course of the disease is characterized by acute exacerbations that cause significant worsening of symptoms. bacterial infections play a dominant role in approximately half of the episodes of acute exacerbations of copd. the importance of pseudomonal infection in patients with acute exacerbations of copd stems from its relatively high prevalence in specific subgroups of these patients, and particularly its unique therapeutic ramific ... | 2003 | 14719985 |
| augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection: a review of the continuing development of an innovative antimicrobial agent. | amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial that has been available for clinical use in a wide range of indications for over 20 years and is now used primarily in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. amoxicillin/clavulanate was developed to provide a potent broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, coverage of beta-lactamase-producing pathogens and a favourable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) profile. these factors have contributed t ... | 2004 | 14726431 |
| transferrin-binding protein b of neisseria meningitidis: sequence-based identification of the transferrin-binding site confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. | a sequence-based prediction method was employed to identify three ligand-binding domains in transferrin-binding protein b (tbpb) of neisseria meningitidis strain b16b6. site-directed mutagenesis of residues located in these domains has led to the identification of two domains, amino acids 53 to 57 and 240 to 245, which are involved in binding to human transferrin (htf). these two domains are conserved in an alignment of different tbpb sequences from n. meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, ind ... | 2004 | 14729713 |
| antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute maxillary sinusitis and maxillary sinusitis recurring after amoxicillin therapy. | to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the organisms isolated from the nasopharynx of children who present with acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) or maxillary sinusitis that recurred (rms) after amoxicillin therapy. | 2004 | 14729759 |
| bro beta-lactamase alleles, antibiotic resistance and a test of the bro-1 selective replacement hypothesis in moraxella catarrhalis. | the hypothesis that bro-1 selectively replaced the bro-2 isoform of the moraxella catarrhalis bro beta-lactamase was tested by examining the temporal distribution, antibiotic resistance and epidemiological characteristics of isolates from a long-term collection at a single locale. | 2004 | 14729761 |
| in vitro activity of abt773, a new ketolide derivative exhibiting innovative microbiological properties against well-characterised antibiotic resistant pathogens in italy. | the in vitro activity of abt773, a new ketolide, was assessed against a collection (518) of well-characterised gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and compared with that of other appropriate drugs. abt773 was active (mic-90=0.03 mg/l) against the staphylococci tested which included macrolide-resistant but clindamycin susceptible organisms. streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes and s. agalactiae were also inhibited (mic-90 range: <0.0075-0.5mg/l) irrespective of their antibiotic resistance ... | 2004 | 14732308 |
| protekt 1999-2000: a multicentre study of the antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in hong kong, japan and south korea. | a multicentre surveillance study performed in the far east during 1999-2000 investigated the in vitro activity of >20 antibacterials against common respiratory pathogens. in hong kong, japan, and south korea, 57.1, 44.5 and 71.5% streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and 71.4, 77.9 and 87.6% were erythromycin-resistant, respectively. overall, >90% of penicillin-resistant strains were also macrolide-resistant. all strains were susceptible to telithromycin. fluoroquinolone-resistant i ... | 2004 | 14732313 |
| analysis of moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane antigens cross-reactive with neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica. | mouse sera against outer membrane proteins from moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica, and human sera from both healthy individuals and patients convalescing from meningococcal meningitis were used to identify cross-reactive antigens. mouse anti-n. meningitidis and anti-n. lactamica sera recognized 77, 62 and 32 kda outer membrane antigens in m. catarrhalis strains; on the contrary, the meningococcal porin porb (38-42 kda) was recognized by one of the two anti-m. ... | 2004 | 14734192 |
| distribution and shifting trends of bacterial keratitis in north china (1989-98). | to study the distribution and shifting trends of bacterial keratitis. | 2004 | 14736761 |
| new class of bacterial phenylalanyl-trna synthetase inhibitors with high potency and broad-spectrum activity. | phenylalanyl (phe)-trna synthetase (phe-rs) is an essential enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of phenylalanine to the phe-specific transfer rna (trna(phe)), a key step in protein biosynthesis. phenyl-thiazolylurea-sulfonamides were identified as a novel class of potent inhibitors of bacterial phe-rs by high-throughput screening and chemical variation of the screening hit. the compounds inhibit phe-rs of escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aure ... | 2004 | 14742205 |
| pharmacokinetics of da-7867, a new oxazolidinone, after intravenous or oral administration to rats: intestinal first-pass effect. | pharmacokinetic parameters of da-7867 were dose independent after both intravenous administration and oral administration (at doses of 1 to 20 mg/kg of body weight) to rats. after oral administration of da-7867 to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, approximately 8.27% of oral dose was not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, f was 70.8%, and approximately 21.8% of the oral dose was eliminated by the intestine (intestinal first-pass effect). | 2004 | 14742232 |
| host-pathogen interaction during pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbation is a frequent complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). recent studies suggested a role for bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae in the development of acute exacerbation. for this study, we investigated the following in copd patients: (i) the epidemiology of pneumococcal colonization and infection, (ii) the effect of pneumococcal colonization on the development of exacerbation, and (iii) the immunological response against s. pneumoniae. we cultured spu ... | 2004 | 14742525 |
| building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant s. pneumoniae. | the development of our understanding of the pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) principles that determine antimicrobial efficacy has advanced substantially over the last 10 years. we are now in a position to use pk/pd principles to set targets for antimicrobial design and optimisation so that we can predict eradication of specific pathogens or resistant variants when agents are used clinically. optimisation of pk/pd parameters to enable the treatment of resistant pathogens with oral ag ... | 2004 | 14759230 |
| the yersinia adhesin yada collagen-binding domain structure is a novel left-handed parallel beta-roll. | the crystal structure of the recombinant collagen-binding domain of yersinia adhesin yada from yersinia enterocolitica serotype o:3 was solved at 1.55 a resolution. the trimeric structure is composed of head and neck regions, and the collagen binding head region is a novel nine-coiled left-handed parallel beta-roll. before the beta-roll, the polypeptide loops from one monomer to the rest, and after the beta-roll the neck region does the same, making the transition from the globular head region t ... | 2004 | 14765110 |
| association of presence of aspergillus antibodies with hemoptysis in patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no radiologically visible mycetoma. | old tuberculosis and bronchiectasis are the two most important causes of chronic structural changes of lungs in our locality. in the absence of radiologically visible mycetoma, the cause of hemoptysis in these two groups of patients is largely unknown. a 17-month prospective study was carried out to compare the prevalence of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus antibodies in hemoptysis patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no radiologically visible mycetoma (cases, n = 38) ... | 2004 | 14766834 |
| identification of bordetella pertussis in a critically ill human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient by direct genotypical analysis of gram-stained material and discrimination from b. holmesii by using a unique reca gene restriction enzyme site. | bordetella pertussis was diagnosed in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient by a newly developed method in which bacterial dna is amplified directly from sputum gram-stained slides. the validation of the method is described along with an additional new pcr-based assay that can distinguish between b. pertussis and bordetella holmesii. | 2004 | 14766870 |
| [a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a community hospital]. | we previously reported a hospital-based retrospective study on community-acquired pneumonia (cap) at tagami hospital, which was a community hospital, between 1994 and 1997. this study was designed to clarify the etiology of cap diagnosed between 2000 and 2002. we analyzed a total of 124 cases of cap in our hospital during the study period, and compared the results with the previous data. identification of the causative organisms of cap was based on gram staining, the morphology of the colonies, ... | 2004 | 14768367 |
| activity of oral antibiotics against respiratory tract pathogens in spain. | the aim of this study was to carry out a nationwide survey to assess the susceptibility of clinical isolates of four respiratory pathogens against nine antibiotics. eight spanish centers participated in the study, collecting a total of 977 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the susceptibility of s. pneumoniae to penicillin was 37.46% susceptible, 30.43% intermediate and 32.11% resistant. mic(90) of all antibiotics again ... | 2003 | 14961138 |
| capsule shields the function of short bacterial adhesins. | bacterial surface structures such as capsules and adhesins are generally regarded as important virulence factors. here we demonstrate that capsules block the function of the self-recognizing protein antigen 43 through physical shielding. the phenomenon is not restricted to escherichia coli but can occur in other gram-negative bacteria. likewise, we show that other short adhesins exemplified by the aida-i protein are blocked by the presence of a capsule. the results support the notion that capsul ... | 2004 | 14973035 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of the peptide deformylase inhibitor bb-83698. | bb-83698 is a peptide deformylase inhibitor currently in clinical trials in europe. the purpose of this study was to provide additional susceptibility data from clinical isolates, including drug-resistant strains. | 2004 | 14973152 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis: an emerging respiratory pathogen]. | in the past years moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis has finally gained respect as a pathogen thanks to the many reports of its causal role. the intent of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the intent of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the microbiological features (taxonomy, diagnosis, virulence, epidemiology and drug resistance), clinical diseases and therapy of this microorganism | 1996 | 14976433 |
| [prevalence of bacteria in children with otitis media with effusion]. | 1) to determine the prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in middle ear effusions of children with otitis media with effusion undergoing myringotomy; 2) to compare the results obtained by culture and pcr; and 3) to determine the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to penicillin. | 2004 | 14978548 |
| new developments in antibacterial choice for lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients. | elderly patients are at increased risk of developing lower respiratory tract infections compared with younger patients. in this population, pneumonia is a serious illness with high rates of hospitalisation and mortality, especially in patients requiring admission to intensive care units (icus). a wide range of pathogens may be involved depending on different settings of acquisition and patient's health status. streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial isolate in community-acquired pn ... | 2004 | 14979735 |
| interactions between penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) and two novel classes of pbp inhibitors, arylalkylidene rhodanines and arylalkylidene iminothiazolidin-4-ones. | several non-beta-lactam compounds were active against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. the mics of arylalkylidene rhodanines and arylalkylidene iminothiazolidin-4-ones were lower than those of ampicillin and cefotaxime for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus mi339 and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium ef12. several compounds were found to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of s. aureus and the last two steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis catalyzed by ether- ... | 2004 | 14982790 |
| value of washed sputum gram stain smear and culture for management of lower respiratory tract infections in children. | to date, the technique of washed sputum examinations has not been widely used in the clinical management of lower respiratory tract infections in children. a total of 224 sputum samples from 125 pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected for washed sputum gram stain smears and cultures. the results with these methods were compared to find correlation rates. the value of washed sputum cultures was assessed by examining the clinical responses of the patients who rece ... | 2004 | 14991515 |
| morphostructural damage and the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness of staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis induced by moxifloxacin. | the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of moxifloxacin to interfere with the mechanism of bacterial adhesion and disrupt the morphological and structural integrity of bacteria. three staphylococcus aureus and three moraxella catarrhalis strains were grown in the presence of 1/2-1/128 minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) serial dilutions and incubated with human epithelial cells. a significant decrease in adhesion was observed from 1/2 mic to 1/64 mic for s. aureus, and from 1/2 m ... | 2003 | 14998077 |
| real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection of brucella spp., b. abortus, and b. melitensis. | the identification of brucella can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that places personnel at risk for laboratory-acquired infection. here, we describe a real-time pcr assay for confirmation of presumptive brucella isolates. the assay was designed in a multiplex format that will allow the rapid identification of brucella spp., b. abortus, and b. melitensis in a single test. | 2004 | 15004098 |
| iron transport systems in neisseria meningitidis. | acquisition of iron and iron complexes has long been recognized as a major determinant in the pathogenesis of neisseria meningitidis. in this review, high-affinity iron uptake systems, which allow meningococci to utilize the human host proteins transferrin, lactoferrin, hemoglobin, and haptoglobin-hemoglobin as sources of essential iron, are described. classic features of bacterial iron transport systems, such as regulation by the iron-responsive repressor fur and tonb-dependent transport activi ... | 2004 | 15007100 |
| acute sinusitis in children: diagnosis and management. | acute sinusitis is a common problem in children that is often overlooked. the pathophysiology is related to obstruction of the sinus ostia and mucociliary dysfunction. the predominant pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the diagnosis of acute sinusitis is based on persistent or severe upper respiratory tract symptoms. the routine use of roentgenograms to confirm the diagnosis of uncomplicated sinusitis is not recommended for children 6 y ... | 2004 | 15007290 |
| [antibacterial activity of oral cephems against various clinically isolated strains]. | we determined the antibacterial activities of oral cephems against isolated from the patients with the respiratory infections, the urinary tract infections, and infections in the obstetrics field of an adult and a child, during the period from 2002 to 2003; streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli of 40 strains of each, and peptostreptococcus spp. 22 strains. s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae strai ... | 2003 | 15007876 |
| clonal analysis of streptococcus pneumoniae nonsusceptible to penicillin at day-care centers with index cases, in a region with low incidence of resistance: emergence of an invasive type 35b clone among carriers. | the nasopharyngeal carriage rate of potential respiratory pathogens was studied in 36 index children with a pneumococci nonsusceptible to penicillin (pnsp), in 595 healthy children, and in 123 personnel at 16 day-care centers (dccs) with index cases in the stockholm area, an urban area with a low incidence of antibiotic resistant pneumococci, during the winter of 1997-1998. the spread and clonality of pnsp, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, were studied by analyzing antibiotic su ... | 2003 | 15008138 |
| natural materno-fetal transfer of antibodies to pspa and to psaa. | pspa and psaa are streptococcus pneumoniae surface proteins and potential pneumococcal vaccine antigens. the aim of this study was to characterize the transplacental transfer of antibodies to pspa and to psaa. paired mother and cord blood sera were obtained at delivery from 28 women. concentrations of antibodies against pspa, psaa, tetanus toxoid (vaccine-induced antibodies) and p6-outer membrane protein (omp) of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae were determined by elisa. antibodies to pspa of ... | 2004 | 15008981 |
| etiological agents of lower respiratory tract infections in japanese children. | to investigate the etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis, we conducted a prospective, population-based study covering the total population < 15 years of age in 16 municipalities in hokkaido, japan, during the period of april 2000 to march 2001. chest radiographs were available for all cases (n = 921; 398 as pneumonia and 523 as bronchitis) and paired sera for serologic assays were available for more than half of the cases. the following specimens were also collected: ... | 2004 | 15011754 |
| five-day moxifloxacin therapy compared with 7-day co-amoxiclav therapy for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | in this randomized, non-blinded study, the efficacy and safety of a 5-day course of moxifloxacin (one 400 mg tablet daily) was compared with that of co-amoxiclav (one 625 mg tablet every 8h) for 7 days, for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). a total of 162 patients with clear signs of an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were enrolled. of these, 153 could be studied. seventy-nine patients were randomized in the moxifloxacin arm and 74 in the co-amoxiclav ar ... | 2004 | 15013037 |
| structural basis for host recognition by the haemophilus influenzae hia autotransporter. | haemophilus influenzae is an important human pathogen that initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. the h. influenzae hia autotransporter is an adhesive protein that promotes adherence to respiratory epithelial cells. hia adhesive activity resides in two homologous binding domains, called hiabd1 and hiabd2. these domains interact with the same host cell receptor, but bind with different affinities. in this report, we describe the crystal structure of the high-affinity hiabd ... | 2004 | 15029242 |
| the moraxella catarrhalis porin-like outer membrane protein cd is an adhesin for human lung cells. | the outer membrane protein cd (ompcd) of moraxella catarrhalis is an outer membrane protein with several attributes of a potential vaccine antigen. we isolated four transposon mutants of strain o35e on the basis of their reduced binding to a549 human lung cells in microcolony formation assays, and we determined that they contain a transposon in ompcd. we also found that these transposon insertions had pleiotropic effects: mutants grew slower, became serum sensitive, bound approximately 10-fold l ... | 2004 | 15039309 |
| neisseria meningitidis, neisseria lactamica and moraxella catarrhalis share cross-reactive carbohydrate antigens. | carriage of commensal bacteria species is associated with the development of natural immunity to meningococcal disease, with lipo-oligosaccharides (los) of meningococci being one of the main virulence factors associated with severity of meningococcal disease. meningococcal reference strains and isolates from the commensal species neisseria lactamica and moraxella catarrhalis were assessed for the presence of cross-reactive glycoconjugate antigens. binding of human blood group antibodies of the p ... | 2004 | 15040943 |
| fatty acid biosynthesis as a target for novel antibacterials. | the bacterial fatty acid synthesis pathway has significant potential as a target for the development of novel antibacterials. the pathway has been extensively studied in escherichia coli, the crystal structures of the compounds involved are known and homologous genes are readily identified in the genomes of important pathogens. the currently used drugs triclosan and isoniazid are known to target one step in the pathway. other experimental compounds such as thiolactomycin and cerulenin effectivel ... | 2004 | 15043388 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem. | the doripenem mics at which 90% of the tested strains were inhibited ranged from 0.03 to 1 microg/ml for 10 species of enterobacteriaceae (n = 351), from 0.03 to 0.12 microg/ml for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (n = 119), from 4 to 32 microg/ml for oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (n = 64), from < or =0.008 to 0.06 microg/ml for penicillin-susceptible streptococci (n = 132), and from 1 to 4 microg/ml for penicillin-resistant streptococci (n = 51). overall, doripenem demonstrated in vitro ... | 2004 | 15047550 |
| eradication of streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media after amoxicillin-clavulanate therapy. | nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 60 children with acute otitis media before and after treatment with either 45 or 90 mg of amoxicillin (given as amoxicillin-clavulanate) per kg of body weight per day for 10 days. the number of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the 45-mg/kg group was reduced from 12 to 6 and was reduced from 14 to 1 (p = 0.0261) in the 90-mg/kg group. | 2004 | 15047558 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the us food and drug administration in 2003 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2004 | 15047565 | |
| comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin against macrolide-resistant and -susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. | the first objective was to investigate the in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. the second objective was to identify the influence of the erm(b) and mef(a) genes on the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae to telithromycin. | 2004 | 15056640 |
| comparative study of the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492. | the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492, was determined. | 2004 | 15056651 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia in an immunocompetent patient in lahore, pakistan. | 2004 | 15058742 | |
| structured representation of the pharmacodynamics section of the summary of product characteristics for antibiotics: application for automated extraction and visualization of their antimicrobial activity spectra. | the aim of this study was to construct automatically a knowledge base concerning the pharmacodynamic properties of antibiotics and a visualization tool. | 2004 | 15064283 |
| immunoblot method to detect streptococcus pneumoniae and identify multiple serotypes from nasopharyngeal secretions. | conventional culture techniques are limited in the ability to detect multiple streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in nasopharyngeal (np) secretions. we developed an immunoblot (ib) method with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to detect s. pneumoniae and to identify serotypes. np specimens stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium were assessed by the ib method and the reference culture method (rm). in the rm, four optochin-sensitive alpha-hemolytic colonies resembling pneumococci were type ... | 2004 | 15071010 |
| effect of moxifloxacin on bacterial pathogenicity factors in comparison with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ceftriaxone. | moxifloxacin is a recent fluoroquinolone with an antibacterial spectrum encompassing both aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive strains, as well as anaerobic bacteria. in this study the activity of moxifloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effects of subinhibitory concentrations on bacterial morphology and adhesion properties were compared with those of ... | 2004 | 15077996 |
| haemophilus influenzae: genetic variability and natural selection to identify virulence factors. | 2004 | 15102751 | |
| intranasal immunization with a colloid-formulated bacterial extract induces an acute inflammatory response in the lungs and elicits specific immune responses. | nonspecific stimulation of lung defenses by repeated oral administration of immunomodulators, such as bacterial extracts, has shown potential for the prevention of respiratory tract infections. here, we show that intranasal (i.n.) immunization with a bacterial extract formulated as a colloid induces an acute inflammatory response in the lungs characterized by increased production of ccl and cxcl chemokines and a major influx of dendritic cells (dcs) and neutrophils, with a higher proportion of d ... | 2004 | 15102776 |
| in vitro activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam alone or in combination with beta-lactams against epidemiologically characterized multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains. | acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen usually in the context of serious underlying disease. multidrug resistance in these organisms is frequent. the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam have intrinsic activity against acinetobacter strains. to evaluate their potential therapeutic usefulness, we determined the in vitro activity of ampicillin, sulbactam, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefoperazone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin-sulb ... | 2004 | 15105109 |
| a conformational carbohydrate scaffold is present in the short-chain lipopolysaccharides of moraxella catarrhalis. | 2004 | 15108147 | |
| photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease? | photodynamic therapy (pdt) employs a non-toxic dye, termed a photosensitizer (ps), and low intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, combine to produce cytotoxic species. pdt has the advantage of dual selectivity, in that the ps can be targeted to its destination cell or tissue and, in addition, the illumination can be spatially directed to the lesion. pdt has previously been used to kill pathogenic microorganisms in vitro, but its use to treat infections in animal models or pati ... | 2004 | 15122361 |
| antimicrobial activity of innate immune molecules against streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | despite its direct connection to the nasopharynx which harbors otitis media pathogens as part of its normal flora, the middle ear cavity is kept free of these bacteria by as yet unknown mechanisms. respiratory mucosal epithelia, including those of the middle ear and eustachian tube, secrete antimicrobial effectors including lysozyme, lactoferrin and beta defensins-1 and -2. to elucidate the role of these innate immune molecules in the normal defense and maintenance of sterility of respiratory mu ... | 2004 | 15125783 |
| [resistance surveillance of common community respiratory pathogens isolated in china, 2002 - 2003]. | to investigate antimicrobial resistance of common community respiratory pathogens isolated in china, 2002 - 2003. | 2004 | 15130324 |
| new real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from specimens containing a mixture of staphylococci. | molecular methods for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are generally based on the detection of an s. aureus-specific gene target and the meca gene. however, such methods cannot be applied for the direct detection of mrsa from nonsterile specimens such as nasal samples without the previous isolation, capture, or enrichment of mrsa because these samples often contain both coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and s. aureus, either of which can carry ... | 2004 | 15131143 |
| relationship among peripheral leukocyte counts, etiologic agents and clinical manifestations in acute otitis media. | to analyze the peripheral leukocyte counts of children with acute otitis media (aom) in relation to etiology, age, clinical symptoms and signs, prior antibiotic treatment, previous aom history and pathogen eradication during antibiotic therapy. | 2004 | 15131462 |
| exploration of moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane proteins, cd and uspa, as new carriers for lipooligosaccharide-based conjugates. | moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane proteins, cd and ubiquitous surface protein a (uspa), were used as carriers for m. catarrhalis detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-based conjugates. our study was designed to investigate the feasibility of cd and uspa as protein carriers for dlos-based conjugates and their possible synergic effects on protection from both anti-los and anti-cd or anti-uspa antibody responses. female balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously three times with dlos-cd or dlos-u ... | 2004 | 15145454 |
| antibiotics ge23077, novel inhibitors of bacterial rna polymerase. i. taxonomy, isolation and characterization. | ge 23077 factors a1, a2, b1 and b2 are novel antibiotics isolated from fermentation broths of an actinomadura sp. strain. ge23077 antibiotics are cyclic peptides, which inhibit escherichia coli rna polymerase at nm concentrations. both rifampicin-sensitive and rifampicin-resistant polymerases are inhibited, whereas e. coli dna polymerase and wheat germ rna polymerase are substantially not affected. in spite of the potent activity on the enzyme, the antibiotics generally show poor activity agains ... | 2004 | 15152807 |
| gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone. | gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic 90 ) values against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella spp., with mic 90 values reported to ... | 2004 | 15155113 |
| antimicrobial activities of garenoxacin (bms 284756) against asia-pacific region clinical isolates from the sentry program, 1999 to 2001. | between 1999 and 2001, 16,731 isolates from the asia-pacific region were tested in the sentry program for susceptibility to six fluoroquinolones including garenoxacin. garenoxacin was four- to eightfold less active against enterobacteriaceae than ciprofloxacin, although both drugs inhibited similar percentages at 1 microg/ml. garenoxacin was more active against gram-positive species than all other fluoroquinolones except gemifloxacin. for staphylococcus aureus, oxacillin resistance was high in m ... | 2004 | 15155198 |
| role of transferrin receptor from a neisseria meningitidis tbpb isotype ii strain in human transferrin binding and virulence. | neisseria meningitidis acquires iron through the action of the transferrin (tf) receptor, which is composed of the tf-binding proteins a and b (tbpa and tbpb). meningococci can be classified into isotype i and ii strains depending on whether they harbor a type i or ii form of tbpb. both types of tbpb have been shown to differ in their genomic, biochemical, and antigenic properties. here we present a comparative study of isogenic mutants deficient in either or both tbps from the isotype i strain ... | 2004 | 15155653 |
| pk-pd modelling of the effect of cefaclor on four different bacterial strains. | the effect of cefaclor against relevant bacterial strains was studied by employing a combined in vivo pharmacokinetic (pk)-in vitro pharmacodynamic (pd) approach. for this purpose selected isolates of escherichia coli, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae were exposed in vitro to the interstitial cefaclor profile obtained in vivo in the interstitial space fluid of human tissue after administration of commonly used doses of cefaclor and the change in the numb ... | 2004 | 15164961 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from adult patients with respiratory tract infections in four southern european countries. the arise project. | over a 7-month period in 2000-2001, 1213 haemophilus influenzae, 112 haemophilus parainfluenzae and 142 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were recovered from adult patients with respiratory tract infections. patients were from four southern european countries (spain, italy, portugal and greece). the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to 11 antibiotics was determined in a central laboratory. the most active drugs on the basis of mics were levofloxacin, cefditoren, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime a ... | 2004 | 15164972 |
| infection control and the significance of sputum and other respiratory secretions from adult patients with cystic fibrosis. | there is limited data available on the environmental and public health impact of the microbiological hazards associated with sputa from patients with cystic fibrosis [cf]. pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cenocepacia (formerly burkholderia cepacia genomovar iii), staphylococcus aureus and stenotrophomonas maltophilia are bacterial pathogens which are commonly found in the sputum of cf patients. a study was performed to ascertain the amount of sputum produced relating to microbial loading, as ... | 2004 | 15175107 |
| antimicrobial resistance among pediatric respiratory tract infections: clinical challenges. | considerable development of antimicrobial resistance has occurred in the major pediatric bacterial pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. however, most of the respiratory infections that children suffer are viral and self-limiting, and only a small percentage of them will develop secondary bacterial infections with the pathogens listed. the challenge for rational antibiotic use is to determine which patients can be treated conservatively and which ... | 2004 | 15175991 |
| susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to 17 oral antimicrobial agents based on pharmacodynamic parameters: 1998-2001 u s surveillance study. | pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters were used to interpret susceptibility data for the oral agents tested in a clinically meaningful way. among s pneumoniae isolates, >99% were susceptible to respiratory fluoroquinolones, 91.6% to amoxicillin, 92.1% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (95.2% at the extended-release formulation breakpoint), 90.6% to clindamycin, 80.4% to doxycycline, 71.0% to azithromycin, 72.3% to clarithromycin, 71.8% to cefprozil and cefdinir, 72.6% to cefuroxime axetil, 66. ... | 2004 | 15177851 |
| gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone approved for treatment of respiratory infections. | to evaluate the microbiology, pharmacokinetic parameters, drug interactions, and results of the available clinical trials of gemifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). | 2004 | 15187209 |
| doripenem (s-4661), a novel carbapenem: comparative activity against contemporary pathogens including bactericidal action and preliminary in vitro methods evaluations. | to investigate the potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum carbapenem characterized by a wider spectrum of activity combining antimicrobial and bactericidal features of imipenem and meropenem. | 2004 | 15190031 |