Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the prevalence of hepatitis e virus in al-sadr city - baghdad. | hepatitis e is an inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. iraq is one of the asian countries with high incidence and prevalence of hepatitis. because of the hev outbreak that occurred in al-sadr city/baghdad, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hev in this city. | 2013 | 23505915 |
| hepatitis e virus infection. | the spectrum of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has changed over the past 2 years, especially in the developed world. herein, we review the progress made in studying the epidemiology, hepatic, and extrahepatic manifestations, and the treatment of hev infection, over the past 2 years. | 2013 | 23507918 |
| evaluation of antigenicity and cell mediated immunity of hepatitis e virus patients: using non radioactive mtt assay. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of hepatitis in developing nations. disease spans from asymptomatic infection to acute viral hepatitis (avh) and acute liver failure (alf). cell-mediated immunity (cmi) is less studied. studies document cmi in hev patients using [3 h]-thymidine incorporation (radioactive in nature). the aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenicity of recombinant hev orf 2 peptide (452-617 a.a) (porf2) by non-radioactive mtt assay and detecting the proliferation ... | 2016 | 23508432 |
| serum immunoglobulin g subclass responses in different phases of hepatitis e virus infection. | to investigate the specific immunoglobulin (ig) g subclass responses in patients with hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, an open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was used to measure antibody levels in sera obtained at different phases of infection. sera were collected at 2-31 days and at 6 months after the onset of symptoms corresponding to the acute (n = 48, 100% igm-positive) and convalescent (n = 17/48, 53% igm-positive) phases of infection, respectively. ... | 2013 | 23508908 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with autochthonous infection by hepatitis e virus subgenotype 3c. | in this report, we present a case of a 50-year-old immunocompetent man with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) associated with an autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. the patient presented with tetraparesis and elevated liver enzymes. hev infection was confirmed serologically and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from blood and stool. phylogenetic analysis revealed a novel hev genotype 3 isolate closely related to other subgenotype 3c isolates from pig livers purchased in germany. this i ... | 2014 | 23512540 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis e virus in swine livers collected at an abattoir. | we investigated the prevalence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine liver. we collected swine livers from 110 pigs at an abattoir from september 2011 to march 2012 [corrected] . pathogens were detected in the liver samples of 19 (17.3%) pigs. campylobacter spp. were isolated from the liver samples of 14 (12.7%) pigs. in 10 of the 14 campylobacter-positive pigs, bacteria were present in the internal regions of the liver. salmonella s ... | 2013 | 23514917 |
| an essential rna element resides in a central region of hepatitis e virus orf2. | hepatitis e virus (genus hepevirus, family hepeviridae) is one of the most important causes of acute hepatitis in adults, particularly among pregnant women, throughout asia and africa where mortality rates can be 20-30 %. hepatitis e virus has a single-stranded positive-sense rna genome that contains three translated orfs. the two 3' orfs are translated from a subgenomic rna. functional rna elements have been identified in and adjacent to the genomic 5' and 3' utrs and in and around the intergen ... | 2013 | 23515023 |
| performance of two commercial assays for detecting hepatitis e virus rna in acute or chronic infections. | we assessed the performance of the ceeram and altona assays, the first two commercially available hepatitis e virus (hev) rna assays, using serial dilutions of 4 hev-positive reference samples (genotypes 3a, 3c, 3e, and 3f). both assays provided good analytical sensitivity and high reproducibility for detecting genotype 3 hev rna. | 2013 | 23515544 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence of domestic pigs in germany determined by a novel in-house and two reference elisas. | autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections by zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) have been reported increasingly from industrialized countries. in this paper the development and validation of an igg elisa for the detection of hev-specific antibodies in domestic pigs is described. comparison of the diagnostic value of escherichia coli-expressed hev-gt3 capsid protein (cp) derivatives revealed a carboxy-terminal derivative as most suitable. validation of the in-house assay using a com ... | 2013 | 23523888 |
| [molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in pig livers destined for human consumption in the state of nuevo leon, mexico]. | molecular detection of hev in pig livers destined for human consumption in nuevo leon, mexico. | 2013 | 23546411 |
| case of acute hepatitis e with concomitant signs of autoimmunity. | sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis e have been described in developed countries, despite the more common occurrence in endemic areas and developing countries. we present the case of a 58 years old portuguese female, with no epidemiological relevant factors, admitted with acute hepatitis with positive anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibody and high serum gamma globulin (> 1.5 fold increase). serologies for hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, epstein-barr vi ... | 2013 | 23556050 |
| a novel indirect immunofluorescence test for the detection of igg and iga antibodies for diagnosis of hepatitis e virus infections. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes epidemic infections in regions of poor hygiene in the developing world. over the last years, however, increasing numbers of autochthonous infections in industrialized countries have been described, leading to new interest in this pathogen. currently available serological test formats to detect igg and igm antibodies are mainly based on bacterially expressed orf2 and orf3 antigens and often give ambiguous results. the objective of this study was the development of a ... | 2013 | 23557668 |
| serological investigation for hepatitis e virus infection in the patients with chronic maintenance hemodialysis from southwest of iran. | a global distribution has been shown for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. although the fecal-oral was considered as the primary infection route, there is controversial evidence for increased risk of the infection and consequent problems in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (hd) with suppressed immunity. the aim is to find if the prevalence of anti-hev igg, in patients with maintenance hd is higher than normal population in southwest of iran. | 2013 | 23559759 |
| foreword. hepatitis e virus. | 2013 | 23564384 | |
| molecular virology of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e. it is a nonenveloped virus with a ∼7.2 kilobases positive-stranded rna genome. the molecular virology of hev is getting better understood with the development of replicons and in vitro infection systems, and the discovery of related viruses that infect animal species other than humans. this review focuses on the virology of hev and updates the current knowledge on the hev genome and its constituent proteins--orf1, orf2, and orf3, and ... | 2013 | 23564385 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e in low- and middle-income countries of asia and africa. | hepatitis e is an acute, viral hepatitis primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. the first major epidemic of hepatitis e virus (hev) was reported in 1955 in delhi, india. since that time, numerous epidemics have been reported across the low- and middle-income countries in asia and africa. even in the absence of large-scale outbreaks, hepatitis e is an important cause of clinical hepatitis. serologic studies across asia and africa show a high prevalence of anti-hev antibodies. interes ... | 2013 | 23564386 |
| hepatitis e: clinical presentation in disease-endemic areas and diagnosis. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev), mostly genotype 1, is endemic in several developing countries. it can be asymptomatic, be associated with acute hepatitis or fulminant hepatic failure, or present as acute-on-chronic liver disease. pregnant women are at particular risk of serious outcomes and death. chronic hev infection has not been reported from these areas. diagnosis of acute hepatitis e depends on detection of igm anti-hev antibodies or hev rna. current assays for igm anti-hev are subo ... | 2013 | 23564387 |
| zoonotic and foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e is an important disease in many developing countries of asia and africa with large explosive outbreaks and is also endemic with sporadic or cluster cases of hepatitis in many industrialized countries. the causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is currently classified in the family hepeviridae. thus far, four putative genera of hev representing mammalian, avian, and fish species have been identified and characterized worldwide. within the mammalian hev that infects humans, genotype ... | 2013 | 23564388 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in developed countries and hev/hiv coinfection. | a novel hepatitis virus was long suspected as the cause of outbreaks of unexplained hepatitis with high maternal mortality in asia. an outbreak of unexplained hepatitis in a soviet military camp in afghanistan led one investigator to ingest a pooled fecal extract from affected service personnel. this resulted in the discovery of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in 1983. subsequent studies showed that hev was endemic in large parts of the developing world. its incidence in industrialized nations was i ... | 2013 | 23564389 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in immunosuppressed patients: natural history and therapy. | interest in hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has increased over the last few years since chronic hev infection was first reported in transplant patients. chronic genotype-3 hev infections have been now reported in patients with a solid-organ transplant, hematology disease, and in those who are human immunodeficiency virus-positive. cases of hev-related cirrhosis have been also reported. furthermore, hev associated extrahepatic manifestations, including neurologic symptoms, kidney injuries, and ... | 2013 | 23564390 |
| immunopathogenesis of hepatitis e virus infection. | the course of hepatitis e virus infection (hev) can vary substantially between different individuals. although most infections take a clinically silent asymptomatic course, a few patients may develop severe hepatitis that can progress to fulminant hepatic failure. in addition, cases of chronic hepatitis e have been described in immunosuppressed patients. the detailed mechanisms leading to different clinical outcomes of hev infection are only partially understood. both viral factors including the ... | 2013 | 23564391 |
| development of the hepatitis e vaccine: from bench to field. | along with the improvement of diagnostic techniques, hepatitis e has attracted increasing awareness in recent years. hepatitis e virus infection leads to high mortality in pregnant women and patients with underlying liver disease. several hepatitis e vaccine candidates have been designed and have proved their efficacy in animal models; two candidates have successfully undergone clinical trials. having proved safe and effective in a large phase iii trials, an escherichia coli expressed particulat ... | 2013 | 23564392 |
| a case of undulating fevers and elevated liver tests after pancreas-kidney transplantation. | the patient is a 50-year-old caucasian woman with a history of a pancreas and two kidney transplants complicated by chronic rejection of her latest kidney allograft and currently undergoing hemodialysis, who was referred for fever of unknown origin and elevated liver tests. she suffered a self-limited acute diarrheal illness with fever 3 months prior to referral and then experienced a persistent, undulating fever pattern. an exhaustive evaluation involving many consultants was undertaken, but fa ... | 2013 | 23564393 |
| chronic hepatitis e in hiv patients: rapid progression to cirrhosis and response to oral ribavirin. | chronic hepatitis e virus infection with rapid progression to cirrhosis is reported in 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with severe immunosuppression. monotherapy with ribavirin led to temporary viral response and marked improvement of liver damage. chronic hepatitis e should be regarded as another opportunistic event within hiv infection. | 2013 | 23575198 |
| identification of mir-221 and -222 as important regulators in genotype iv swine hepatitis e virus orf3-expressing hek 293 cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has emerged as an important cause of epidemic and sporadic acute viral hepatitis worldwide, which is a major public health challenge. a better understanding of the interaction between the virus and the host cell would be very helpful for its therapy. swine hev (shev) open reading frame 3 (orf3) is a regulatory protein that alters the activity of selected transcription factors and cytoplasmic signaling pathways. micrornas (mirnas) are potent post-transcriptional regulators ... | 2013 | 23579640 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in latin america: a review. | data reported during recent years reveal the complex picture of the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in latin america. whereas in countries like argentina and brazil is almost identical to the characteristic of most countries from north america and europe, hev in the caribbean and mexico involves the water-borne, non-zoonotic viral genotypes responsible for epidemics in asia and africa. nevertheless, latin america has been considered a highly endemic region for hepatitis e in th ... | 2013 | 23588729 |
| clinical presentation, outcome, and response to therapy among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis c. | the slow asymptomatic progression of chronic hepatitis c (chc) can be interrupted by an acute exacerbation, characterized by increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt) and bilirubin and other symptoms of acute hepatitis. we aimed to provide more information about the clinical presentation of acute exacerbation of chc. | 2013 | 23591280 |
| hepatitis e virus in the western world--a pork-related zoonosis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis worldwide, but its natural history, ecology, clinical significance and presentation are entirely different in the developed world, where, apart from the typical travel-associated imported cases, the majority of the observed cases involve older adults with comorbidities or forms of immune compromise who acquire hev genotype 3, mostly through direct or indirect (consumption of meat products) contact with pigs. thu ... | 2013 | 23594199 |
| hepatitis e virus serological testing in kidney transplant recipients with elevated liver enzymes in 2007-2011 in southeastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in europe, particularly in solid organ transplant recipients. anti-hev igg/igm testing in kidney transplant recipients with liver biological disturbances indicated high hev exposure in our geographical area and led to diagnose hev infection in 6% of cases. | 2013 | 23608351 |
| hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries where it was first described as a waterborne disease, transmitted by drinking water contaminated with feces. attention was focused on hev in developed countries and its associated diseases in recent years as a result of increasing reports of autochthonous infections. hepatitis e is the zoonotic cause of these acute infections, and mainly in men over 50 years of age. the clinical manifestations a ... | 2013 | 23608595 |
| new route for fast detection of antibodies against zoonotic pathogens in sera of slaughtered pigs by means of flow-through chemiluminescence immunochips. | the research on fast screening methods for antibodies against zoonotic pathogens in slaughter animals is important for food safety in farming and meat-processing industries. as a proof-of-concept study, antibodies against the emerging zoonotic pathogen hepatitis e virus (hev) and enteropathogenic yersinia spp. were analyzed in parallel using immobilized recombinant antigens (rags) of hev genotypes 1 and 3 and yersinia outer protein d (yopd) on a flow-through chemiluminescence immunochip. these r ... | 2013 | 23611726 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e and helicobacter pylori in a low socioeconomic area of a metropolitan city in a developing country. | this study aims to determine the prevalence of coinfection of h. pylori and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the paediatric age group in an urban slum area of karachi and identify risk factors associated with co-infection. five hundred and forty children aged one to 15 years were investigated. blood samples were collected and questionnaires completed on socio-demographic characteristics. anti-h. pylori, hev igg and igm antibodies were analysed by enzyme immunoassays (eias). the seroprevalence of h. py ... | 2013 | 23617095 |
| use of immuno-dominant epitope derived from genotype 4 as a diagnostic reagent for detecting the antibodies against hepatitis e virus. | despite the genotype 4 has become the dominant cause of hepatitis e disease in china, none antigen derived from genotype 4 of hepatitis e virus (hev) was used in current commercial anti-hev immunoassay, and the serological reactivity of antigen derive from genotype 4 is not well-charactered. | 2013 | 23618011 |
| hepatitis e virus mixed infection in immunocompetent patient. | we detected 2 hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in an acutely infected immunocompetent patient. two populations of genotype 3 virus were observed in the hypervariable regions and open reading frames 2 and 3, indicating multiple infection with hepatitis e virus. persons with mixed infections may provide the opportunity for virus recombination. | 2013 | 23621890 |
| high prevalence of rat hepatitis e virus in wild rats in china. | serum samples from a total of 713 wild rats captured in zhanjiang city in china from december 2011 to september 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of rat hepatitis e virus (hev) by exploring rat hev-specific antibodies and rna. by an elisa based on recombinant rat hev-like particles (hev-lps), 23.3% (166/713) of the rats were positive for anti-hev igg, and 8.3% (59/713) were positive for anti-hev igm. the igg-positive rates in rattus norvegicus, bandicota indica, rattus flavipectus, rattu ... | 2013 | 23623690 |
| [establishment and application of taqman real-time rt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis e virus]. | to establish a specific taqman-based real-time pcr assay for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2012 | 23627038 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus from rabbits to cynomolgus macaques. | the recent discovery of hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in rabbits in the people's republic of china and the united states revealed that rabbits are another noteworthy reservoir of hev. however, whether hev from rabbits can infect humans is unclear. to study the zoonotic potential for and pathogenesis of rabbit hev, we infected 2 cynomolgus macaques and 2 rabbits with an hev strain from rabbits in china. typical hepatitis developed in both monkeys; they exhibited elevated liver enzymes, viremia, ... | 2013 | 23628346 |
| [the new microbiological hazards in food]. | this paper describes the new microbiological hazards in food. for protecting human health, nowadays food safety authorities face with many challenges, that years ago were largely unheard. in 2011 verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o104:h4 has been isolated in germany. strain came from fenugreek sprouts originated from egypt. it was characterized by unique features such as presence of enteroaggregative escherichia coli genes (aata, aggr, aap, agga, aggc) and resistance to most antibiotics. in pol ... | 2012 | 23631259 |
| high genomic similarity between european type hepatitis e virus subgenotype 3e strains isolated from an acute hepatitis patient and a wild boar in mie, japan. | a 67-year-old male living in tsu city, mie prefecture, japan was referred to our hospital for further examination of acute liver injury and was diagnosed as having clinical hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in january 2010. the hev strain (he-ja11-1701) isolated from the patient belonged to genotype 3 and european-type subgenotype 3e. it was presumed that the patient had been infected from a wild boar (sus scrofa leucomystax) because he consumed meat/viscera from a wild boar that he had captured ... | 2014 | 23639180 |
| [acute, chronic and fulminant hepatitise: seven years of experience (2004-2011)]. | to study the clinical and epidemiological profiles of in 43cases of acute hepatitis, 5cases of fulminant hepatitis, and one of chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus (hev), detected over a 7-year period. | 2013 | 23642282 |
| suggestions for the diagnosis and elimination of hepatitis e virus in pigs used for xenotransplantation. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered a zoonotic pathogen. in xenotransplantation, given the high prevalence of hev infection in pigs, the risk of zoonotic transmission from a porcine source is considered high. currently no clear data are available on how to diagnose and eliminate hev in herds used for medical purposes and the importance of viral infection at the stage of harvest. in this study, several groups of animals currently used for medical purposes were found rna positive in both ser ... | 2016 | 23647385 |
| world health organization international standard to harmonize assays for detection of hepatitis e virus rna. | nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays are a primary method for the detection of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, but assay sensitivity can vary widely. to improve interlaboratory results for the detection and quantification of hev rna, a candidate world health organization (who) international standard (is) strain was evaluated in a collaborative study involving 23 laboratories from 10 countries. the is, code number 6329/10, was formulated by using a genotype 3a hev strain fro ... | 2013 | 23647659 |
| identification of hev in symptom-free migrants and environmental samples in italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. the occurrence of hev genotypes in samples of faeces from asymptomatic migrants arriving on the coasts of south italy and environmental samples was investigated. analyses of sequences were used to compare human and environmental genotypes. a total of 40 stool specimens, 12 samples of untreated urban sewage, 12 samples of treated urban sewage and 12 samples of surface water were analysed. viruses were concentr ... | 2012 | 23647961 |
| how should hepatitis e virus infection be defined in organ-transplant recipients? | 2013 | 23659713 | |
| genotype 4 hepatitis e virus in france: an autochthonous infection with a more severe presentation. | among hepatitis e virus (hev) infections diagnosed in 2011 by the french reference centre for hev, 9 were due to genotype 4, which until recently was limited to asia. sequences from autochthonous cases formed a single cluster very similar to belgian swine sequences. clinical presentation differed from genotype 3 infections. | 2013 | 23667262 |
| analysis of antiviral response in human epithelial cells infected with hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis in developing nations and occurs in sporadic and epidemic forms. the disease may become severe with high mortality (20%) among pregnant women. due to lack of efficient cell culture system and small animal model, early molecular events of hev infection are not yet known. in the present study, human lung epithelial cells, a549, were infected with hev to monitor expression levels of genes/proteins in antiviral pathw ... | 2013 | 23671700 |
| hepatitis b and e viral infections among nigerian healthcare workers. | there is dearth of information on hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and its co-infection with hbv among nigerian healthcare workers (hcws). hence, there is the need to determine the rate of hev infection and its association with hbv among hcws who are at greater risk of nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 23672103 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of hev infection: a survey in the district of foggia (apulia, southern italy). | in this study we assessed the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in both the italian population and immigrants from developing countries in foggia (apulia, southern italy). the seroprevalence of hev was determined in 1217 subjects [412 (34%) immigrants and 805 italian subjects (blood donors, general population, hiv-positive, haemodialysis patients)]. serum samples were tested for anti-hev and confirmed by western blot assay; in positive patients hev rna and genotype were also de ... | 2014 | 23673019 |
| an exploratory case control study of risk factors for hepatitis e in rural bangladesh. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of epidemic and sporadic hepatitis globally. outbreaks are associated with fecal contamination of drinking water, yet the environmental reservoir of hev between epidemics remains unclear. in contrast to neighboring countries, where epidemics and sporadic disease co-occur, hev-endemic communities in rural bangladesh seldom report outbreaks; sporadic hepatitis e is reported from urban and rural areas of the country. besides typical enteric risk factors, o ... | 2013 | 23675410 |
| characterization of hepatitis e virus from sporadic hepatitis cases and sewage samples from vellore, south india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in india and causes epidemics and sporadic cases. however, the exact transmission route for sporadic hepatitis e remains unclear. this study investigated hev in sporadic hepatitis cases and sewage samples, as sewage is the major source of contamination of water in developing countries. | 2013 | 23677583 |
| high levels of circulating hmgb1 as a biomarker of acute liver failure in patients with viral hepatitis e. | viral hepatitis e clinically ranges between acute self-limiting hepatitis (avh) and acute liver failure (alf). the varied clinical course of the disease possibly thought to be immune-mediated. high-mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) is a non-histone chromosomal nuclear protein with recently discovered pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. its presence in abundance within hepatocytes is thought provoking in patients with hepatitis. | 2013 | 23682703 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis e and high maternal mortality at port sudan, eastern sudan. | during 4 months (november 2010-march 2011) of an outbreak of hepatitis e virus (hev), 39 pregnant women presented at port sudan hospital, sudan, with various symptoms of viral hepatitis. the diagnosis of viral hepatitis was confirmed by serology using elisa anti-hev igg and igm. the mean (sd) maternal age and gestational age were 24·0 (4·2) years and 33·6 (3·7) weeks, respectively. eight (20·5%) women were primigravidae. there were 11 (28·2%) maternal deaths, 14 (36·0%) intrauterine fetal deaths ... | 2013 | 23683332 |
| analysis of the complete genome sequences of one swine and two human hepatitis e virus genotype 4 strains isolated in beijing, china. | full-length sequences were determined and analyzed for two human (mo and w3) and one swine (w2-5) hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates from beijing, china. the genomes of the three strains were composed of 7242, 7239, 7239 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the poly (a) tails, and were 84% identical to each other. all were classified into genotype 4. sequence analysis shows that the 2 human isolates have up to 91-94% nucleotide identity in full length genome with swine strains isolated in china, w ... | 2013 | 23684630 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection: risks and controls. | very recently, an unusual clinical presentation with an altered natural history associated with hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has emerged in high-income industrialized nations. although hev infection does not develop into chronicity in general, viremia can persist for long periods of time in immunocompromised solid organ, bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients. conceivably, the atypical clinical and virological outcomes in these cases could be related to immunosuppressive chemotherapy ... | 2013 | 23689166 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a liver transplant recipient: delayed diagnosis due to variable performance of serologic assays. | 2013 | 23701647 | |
| epidemiological and molecular analyses of a non-seasonal outbreak of acute icteric hepatitis e in bangladesh. | acute hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in bangladesh, but its epidemiological characteristics and virological features remain obscure. an outbreak of acute icteric hepatitis e occurred in rajshahi, bangladesh during 2010 when 200 patients with visible jaundice visited physicians within a period of 1 month (january-february). clinical and epidemiological data were collected from these patients using questionnaires. nucleic acids were isolated from 15 patients who were selected ... | 2013 | 23703666 |
| genomic copy concentrations of selected waterborne viruses in a slum environment in kampala, uganda. | the presence of viruses in a slum environment where sanitation is poor is a major concern. however, little is known of their occurrence and genomic copy concentration in the slum environment. the main objective of this study was to determine the genomic copy concentrations of human adenoviruses f and g, rotavirus (rv), hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis e virus (hev) and human adenovirus species a,c,d,e, and f (hadv-acdef) in bwaise iii, a typical slum in kampala, uganda. forty-one samples from ... | 2013 | 23708582 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infections in british gurkha soldiers. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are endemic in most developing countries, including nepal and afghanistan, and may cause outbreaks in military personnel. previously, more than 99% of new british gurkha recruits were already immune to hav because of prior infection, but this may be declining due to improved living conditions in their countries of origin. acute hav infections have occurred in gurkha soldiers serving in afghanistan, which made them unfit for duty for ... | 2013 | 23720504 |
| features of hepatitis e virus infection in humans and animals in japan. | in japan, hepatitis e had long been considered to be a rare liver disease which can be accidentally imported from endemic countries in asia and africa, where the sanitation conditions are suboptimal. however, since the identification of the first autochthonous hepatitis e case and hepatitis e viremic domestic pigs in japan in 2001, our understanding of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in this country has been changing markedly. this has largely been due to the development of serological and gen ... | 2014 | 23721425 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e in portuguese mothers and their newborns. | the high mortality of pregnant women is one of the main features of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in endemic countries. with the emergence of genotype 3 hev in industrialized countries, attention should be given to pregnant women from these regions since the effect of genotype 3 hev in pregnancy is not yet known. in this study, archived sera dating from 1993 from mothers with no history of traveling to hev endemic countries and their newborns were tested for anti-hev igg antibodies. four of ... | 2013 | 23722441 |
| hepatitis e outbreak, dadaab refugee camp, kenya, 2012. | 2013 | 23735820 | |
| rabbit and human hepatitis e virus strains belong to a single serotype. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen and all four established genotypes of hev belong to a single serotype. the recently identified rabbit hev is antigenically and genetically related to human hev. it is unclear whether rabbit hev belongs to the same serotype as human hev. the purpose of this study was to determine the serotypic relationship between rabbit and human hevs. hev orf2 recombinant capsid protein p166 (amino acids 452-617) of four known hev genotypes and rabbit hev were used ... | 2013 | 23742853 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in hiv-infected patients in ghana and cameroon. | chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have recently been described in hiv-infected patients. only few data are available for sub-saharan africa, where hiv and hev are highly co-endemic, and where liver pathology is common in hiv-infected individuals. | 2013 | 23743346 |
| expression of a truncated hepatitis e virus capsid protein in the protozoan organism leishmania tarentolae and its application in a serological assay. | zoonotic infections with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 are presumably transmitted via contaminated pig meat products, which raises the necessity for enhanced serological surveillance of pig herds. the aim of the study was to set up a novel protein expression system to overcome the well-known problems in (hev-) protein expression using the standard escherichia coli tools such as inclusion body formation and loss of protein conformation. a recombinant strain of the protozoan organism leishman ... | 2013 | 23747546 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 strains in domestic pigs, cameroon. | 2013 | 23751099 | |
| hepatitis e virus and porcine-derived heparin. | 2013 | 23751114 | |
| [occurrence and geographical distribution of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in wild boars of saxony-anhalt, germany (2011)]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) may cause acute hepatitis in humans. in industrialised countries, acute hepatitis e generally occurs only sporadically. however, in recent years an increase in the number of reported cases has been observed. concerning autochthonous, non-travel-associated cases, a zoonotic transmission, particularly from the animal reservoirs of domestic pig and wild boar, and via undercooked meat is assumed. meanwhile, hev has been detected in domestic pig holdings as well as in wild boa ... | 2013 | 23758038 |
| hepatitis e virus in scottish blood donors. | published prevalence figures for hepatitis e virus (hev) reveal significant regional differences. several studies have reported virus transmission via blood transfusion. the aim of this study was to establish hev seroprevalence and investigate a potential hev rna presence in scottish blood donors. | 2013 | 23763589 |
| identification of european-type hepatitis e virus subtype 3e isolates in japanese wild boars: molecular tracing of hev from swine to wild boars. | nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates infecting wild boars in mie prefecture, which is located in the central region of japan and is far from the most prevalent regions of hev infection in japan, were determined and characterised. among 144 serum samples of wild boars captured in mie prefecture, 7 were positive for hev-rna. the nucleotide sequence of nearly the entire genome was determined for 4 of the 7 positive samples. phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that 6 samples wer ... | 2013 | 23770142 |
| development of a fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis e virus igg antibodies in pigs and comparison to an enzyme-linked immunoassay. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus and pigs are considered as an important reservoir. swine hev infection is widespread and most pig herds are infected. humans can be infected with swine hev via consumption of undercooked pork or through direct contact with infected pigs. to minimize the risk of zoonotic transmission, sensitive tools to assess the hev infection status of pigs and pork products are needed. the objective of this study was to develop a fluorescent microbead-based imm ... | 2013 | 23773809 |
| a cross-sectional study of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs in different-sized farms in northern thailand. | pigs are an important reservoir of hepatitis e virus (hev) in many countries throughout the world. we evaluated the association between farm size and presence of serum antibodies against hev, as well as other risk factors for infection in pigs raised in nan province, thailand in a cross-sectional study. the sampling frame was a total-population census of all pig herds, stratified into three classes of the farm size according to criteria developed by the nan provincial livestock health office. on ... | 2013 | 23789726 |
| hepatitis e virus: an underestimated opportunistic pathogen in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is increasingly acknowledged as a cause of hepatitis in healthy individuals as well as immunocompromised patients. little is known of hev infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allohsct). therefore, we set out to study the incidence and sequelae of hev as a cause of hepatitis in a recent cohort of 328 allohsct recipients. hev rna was tested in episodes of liver enzyme abnormalities. in addition, hev rna and hev serology were assesse ... | 2013 | 23794068 |
| novel single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous quantification of hepatitis virus a, b, c, and e in serum. | viral hepatitis needs an earliest diagnosis for its proper and timely treatment. although serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis is in regular practice, however, it has certain limitations and points to alternate procedures of diagnosis. present study was designed to develop a single-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) related nucleic acids in sera from infe ... | 2013 | 23800094 |
| acute hepatitis in israeli travelers. | acute hepatitis is a well-described cause of morbidity and sporadic mortality in travelers. data regarding the epidemiology of hepatitis in travelers are lacking. the aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis among travelers returning from tropical countries, with particular attention to enterically transmitted hepatitis. | 2013 | 23809073 |
| epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis e infection in solid organ transplantation: a comprehensive literature review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has emerged as a global public health issue. although it often causes an acute and self-limiting infection with low mortality rates in the western world, it bears a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients with substantial mortality rates. organ transplant recipients who receive immunosuppressive medication to prevent rejection are thought to be the main population at risk for chronic hepatitis e. therefore, there is an urgent need ... | 2013 | 23813631 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among volunteer blood donors in central province of iran in 2012. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major public health concern in developing countries. hev transmission occurs primarily by the fecal-oral route. it has also been reported that blood donors are potentially able to cause transfusion-associated hepatitis e in endemic areas. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hev infection among volunteer blood donors in central province of iran in 2012. | 2013 | 23825737 |
| an assessment of hepatitis e virus (hev) in us blood donors and recipients: no detectable hev rna in 1939 donors tested and no evidence for hev transmission to 362 prospectively followed recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has become relevant to blood transfusion practice because isolated cases of blood transmission have been reported and because hev has been found to cause chronic infection and severe liver disease in immunocompromised patients. | 2013 | 23829163 |
| rare and emerging viral infections in transplant recipients. | emerging viral pathogens include newly discovered viruses as well as previously known viruses that are either increasing, or threatening to increase in incidence. while often first identified in the general population, they may affect transplant recipients, in whom their manifestations may be atypical or more severe. enhanced molecular methods have increased the rate of viral discovery but have not overcome the problem of demonstrating pathogenicity. at the same time, improved clinical diagnosti ... | 2013 | 23839998 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among swine farmers and the general population in rural taiwan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen. we evaluated the seroprevalence of hev infection among swine farmers and the general population in taiwan, a nonendemic country. | 2013 | 23840620 |
| validation of an internally controlled multiplex real time rt-pcr for detection and typing of hev genotype 3 and 4. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans, whereas genotypes 3 (hev 3) and genotype 4 (hev 4) infect humans and a variety of animal species. cross-species infections by animal strains raise potential public health concerns for zoonotic hev transmission. therefore, a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) combining the hev 3-tpye specific rt-qpcr assay with the hev 4-tpye specific assay was developed. furthermore, a heterologous rna, an in vit ... | 2013 | 23850697 |
| hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis resulting from viral infection is common worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. caused by a group of unrelated viruses that target the liver, hepatitis e virus is not well understood and is consequently often perceived in many countries as unimportant. this article describes the main features of hepatitis e virus and reviews global patterns of transmission, endemicity and the variable clinical outcomes of infection, especially in pregnant women and anyone ... | 2016 | 23855159 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boar in the central northern part of italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for sporadic acute hepatitis in developed countries, where the infection is acquired probably through ingestion of contaminated food, in addition to travel-related cases. in this study, the circulation of hev in wild boar from nine italian provinces was evaluated. an overall seroprevalence of 10.2% was found, although there were differences among the provinces, while no samples were positive for hev rna detection. this study indicates an active circulation ... | 2015 | 23865469 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in two different regions of indonesia with identification of swine hev genotype 3. | hepatitis e is an emerging disease with a high incidence globally. few data are available on hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in indonesia. to obtain molecular information on hev infection in two regions of indonesia with different customs and swine breeding conditions, serum samples from 137 swine farm workers, 100 blood donors and 100 swine (27 fecal samples also obtained) in yogyakarta (central java) and from 12 and 64 swine farm workers, 42 and 135 local residents and 89 and 119 swine in tu ... | 2013 | 23865729 |
| high occurrence of hepatitis e virus in samples from wastewater treatment plants in switzerland and comparison with other enteric viruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for many enterically transmitted viral hepatitides around the world. it is currently one of the waterborne diseases of global concern. in industrialized countries, hev appears to be more common than previously thought, even if it is rarely virulent. in switzerland, seroprevalence studies revealed that hev is endemic, but no information was available on its environmental spread. the aim of this study was to investigate -using qpcr- the occurrence and concent ... | 2013 | 23866141 |
| asian musk shrew as a reservoir of rat hepatitis e virus, china. | 2013 | 23876489 | |
| no evidence for hepatitis e virus genotype 3 susceptibility in rats. | 2013 | 23876517 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus and hepatitis e virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in north india: a hospital based study. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. | 2013 | 23883712 |
| investigation of hepatitis e outbreak among refugees - upper nile, south sudan, 2012-2013. | during the week of july 2, 2012, the deaths of two pregnant women and one child were reported by household mortality surveillance in jamam refugee camp, maban county, upper nile state, south sudan. all were reported to have yellow eyes before death. during july 27-august 3, 2012, three adult males with acute onset jaundice were admitted to the médecins sans frontières (msf) hospital in jamam camp; two died within 4 days of admission. the republic of south sudan ministry of health, united nations ... | 2013 | 23884344 |
| comparison of real-time rt-pcr assays for hepatitis e virus rna detection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an increasing cause of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. serological testing alone may fail to diagnose acute infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, which justifies the use of molecular assays for diagnosis. few studies have compared accuracy of hev rna detection assays. | 2013 | 23886501 |
| immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis e vaccine in healthy hepatitis b surface antigen positive adults. | a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine, hecolin, has been proven safe and effective in healthy adults. as hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) positive individuals have a higher risk of poor prognosis after super-infection with hepatitis e virus (hev), the safety and immunogenicity of hecolin in this population should be assessed. the present study is an extending analysis of data from a large randomized controlled clinical trial of hecolin. healthy participants (n = 14,065) without current or previou ... | 2013 | 23887167 |
| full-length sequence analysis of hepatitis e virus isolates: showing potential determinants of virus genotype and identity. | the complete genome sequence of a genotype 4 strain of hepatitis e virus (ch-yt-hev02) from a patient (in yantai, china) has been determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that ch-yt-hev02 belongs to genotype 4, subtype 4a. however, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was most closely related to jko-chisai98c (ab197673) strain, sharing only 91.6% sequence identity with it. judging from the phylogenetic tree based on the full-length nucleotide sequences of all 70 genotype 4 hev isolates re ... | 2013 | 23888309 |
| infectivity of a genotype 4 hepatitis e virus cdna clone by intrahepatic inoculation of laboratory rats. | a cdna clone of a genotype 4 swine hepatitis e virus (hev) strain (saas-fx17), identified in shanghai, has been constructed. capped rna transcripts were prepared in vitro and shown to be replication-competent in huh7 cells. sprague-dawley (sd) rats administered the rna transcripts by intrahepatic inoculation developed active infections as evidenced by fecal virus shedding and sero-conversion to anti-hev. the former was first detected between 23 and 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) and persisted un ... | 2013 | 23891307 |
| anti hepatitis e virus seropositivity in a group of male blood donors in makkah, saudi arabia. | to determine the seropositivity of immunoglobulin-g and immunoglobulin-m to hepatitis e virus in male blood donors in makkah, saudi arabia. | 2013 | 23894892 |
| herbalife hepatotoxicity: evaluation of cases with positive reexposure tests. | to analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. | 2013 | 23898368 |
| cutthroat trout virus as a surrogate in vitro infection model for testing inhibitors of hepatitis e virus replication. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the most important causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. although most infections are self-limiting, mortality is particularly high in pregnant women. chronic infections can occur in transplant and other immune-compromised patients. successful treatment of chronic hepatitis e has been reported with ribavirin and pegylated interferon-alpha, however severe side effects were observed. we employed the cutthroat trout virus (ctv), a non-pathogenic fish virus with rema ... | 2013 | 23916729 |
| torque teno virus in children who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights about a common pathogen. | torque teno virus (ttv) is a ubiquitous infectious agent. transplant recipients are at risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and could be vulnerable to ttv-associated adverse effects. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of immunosuppression and hev infection on ttv replication and liver injury in pediatric patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt). | 2014 | 23922368 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in an urban population in zambia: strong association with hiv and environmental enteropathy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes major epidemics of infectious hepatitis, with high mortality rates in pregnant women. recent reports indicate that hev coinfections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may have a more protracted course. however, the impact of hev infections in communities heavily affected by hiv remains poorly studied. we set out to examine age-related seroprevalence in a community where we have previously carried out studies on environmental enteropathy. | 2014 | 23926328 |
| characterization of sporadic acute hepatitis e and comparison of hepatitis e virus genomes in acute hepatitis patients and pig liver sold as food in mie, japan. | to characterize hepatitis e in mie prefecture and to investigate whether raw pig liver sold as food in mie is contaminated with hepatitis e virus (hev) strains similar to those recovered from patients. | 2014 | 23927634 |
| silent hepatitis e virus infection in dutch blood donors, 2011 to 2012. | in europe, the dynamics of endemic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection remain enigmatic. we studied the presence of silent hev infection among dutch blood donors. using donations collected throughout the netherlands in 2011 and 2012, 40,176 donations were tested for hev rna in 459 pools of 48 or 480 donations. deconstruction of the reactive pools identified 13 viraemic donors. in addition, 5,239 donors were tested for presence of anti-hev igg and igm and for hev rna when igm-positive. of the 5,239 ... | 2013 | 23929229 |
| anti-hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence in french expatriate workers. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries and an emerging pathogen in europe. hev seroprevalence has rarely been assessed in cohorts of travelers, and previous studies have reported a very low rate of exposure. we assessed hev seroprevalence in french expatriate workers. | 2013 | 23953700 |