Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| multiple antibacterial histone h2b proteins are expressed in tissues of american oyster. | we have previously identified a histone h2b isomer (cvh2b-1) from tissue extracts of the bivalve mollusk, the american oyster (crassostrea virginica). in this paper, we isolate an additional three antibacterial proteins from acidified gill extract by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. extraction of these proteins from tissue was best accomplished by briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. additio ... | 2010 | 21145411 |
| diversity of accessory genome of human and livestock-associated st398 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. | molecular typing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has documented the diversity of the genetic background of strains associated with healthcare (ha-mrsa), community (ca-mrsa) and livestock (la-mrsa). the accessory and core-variable genomes of those strains however remain largely unknown. | 2010 | 21145988 |
| specificity for human hemoglobin enhances staphylococcus aureus infection. | iron is required for bacterial proliferation, and staphylococcus aureus steals this metal from host hemoglobin during invasive infections. this process involves hemoglobin binding to the cell wall of s. aureus, heme extraction, passage through the cell envelope, and degradation to release free iron. herein, we demonstrate an enhanced ability of s. aureus to bind hemoglobin derived from humans as compared to other mammals. increased specificity for human hemoglobin (hhb) translates into an improv ... | 2010 | 21147468 |
| spa, clfa, and fnba genetic variations lead to staphaurex test-negative phenotypes in bovine mastitis staphylococcus aureus isolates. | staphylococcus aureus encodes many proteins that act as virulence factors, leading to a variety of diseases, including mastitis in cows. among these virulence factors, spa, clfa, clfb, fnba, and fnbb are important for the ability of s. aureus to adhere to and invade host cells as well as to evade host immune responses. the interaction between these s. aureus surface proteins and human immunoglobulin g and fibrinogen that are coupled to latex particles is utilized to induce latex agglutination re ... | 2010 | 21147952 |
| tlr2-dependent pathway of heterologous down-modulation for the cc chemokine receptors 1, 2, and 5 in human blood monocytes. | during innate immune responses, the inflammatory cc chemokine receptors ccr1, ccr2, and ccr5 mediate the recruitment of blood monocytes to infected tissues by promoting cell migration in response to chemokines ccl2-5. toll-like receptors also play an essential role, allowing pathogen recognition by the recruited monocytes. here, we demonstrate that toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) stimulation by lipoteichoic acid (lta) from staphylococcus aureus leads to gradual down-modulation of ccr1, ccr2, and ccr ... | 2010 | 21148810 |
| evidence-based point-of-care tests and device designs for disaster preparedness. | to define pathogen tests and device specifications needed for emerging point-of-care (poc) technologies used in disasters. | 2010 | 21162410 |
| disruption of the alternative pathway convertase occurs at the staphylococcal surface via the acquisition of factor h by staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen that causes skin-structure, invasive, and hospital-associated infections worldwide. the complement system is vital to innate defense against many bacterial infections. as shown with other pathogens, mechanisms for circumventing complement attack may include recruitment of the complement regulatory protein factor h (fh). in the present study, we show that s. aureus binds fh in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. interestingly, this int ... | 2010 | 21163532 |
| requirement of the agr locus for colony spreading of staphylococcus aureus. | the important human pathogen staphylococcus aureus is known to spread on soft agar plates. here, we show that colony spreading of s. aureus involves the agr quorum-sensing system. this finding can be related to the agr-dependent expression of biosurfactants, such as phenol-soluble modulins, suggesting a connection between spreading motility and virulence. | 2010 | 21169484 |
| additive effects of orexin b and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on ll-37-mediated antimicrobial activities. | the present study examined the bactericidal effects of orexin b (orxb) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) alone or combined with cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as ll-37, on escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus mutans and staphylococcus aureus. the bactericidal effect of orxb or vip alone was detected in low nacl concentration, but attenuated in physiological nacl concentration (150 mm). however, such attenuated bactericidal activities of orxb and vip in 150 mm nacl ... | 2010 | 21176972 |
| staphylococcus aureus toxin gene hitchhikes on a transferable antibiotic resistance element. | virulence and antibiotic resistance of the dangerous human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are to large extent determined by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (mges). up to now, these elements were known to comprise either resistance or virulence determinants, but not a mixture of the two. queck et al. now found a cytolysin gene of the phenol-soluble modulin (psm) family within sccmec elements, which contain methicillin resistance genes and are largely responsible for the spread of methi ... | 2010 | 21178414 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria among hiv positive pregnant women. | the prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. this prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled hiv infected pregnant women attending pmtct unit of antiretroviral clinic o ... | 2010 | 21178431 |
| [chlorhexidine as a root canal irrigant--antimicrobial and scanning electron microscopic evaluation]. | selection of irrigant is very important for long-term success of root canal therapy. | 2010 | 21180084 |
| exogenous heat shock protein hsp70 suppresses bacterial pathogen-induced activation of human neutrophils. | 2010 | 21184302 | |
| cutting edge: nlrc5-dependent activation of the inflammasome. | the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins, nlrs, are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. a subgroup of nlrs can form inflammasome complexes, which facilitate the maturation of procaspase 1 to caspase 1, leading to il-1β and il-18 cleavage and secretion. nlrc5 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has not been studied for inflammasome function. rna interference-mediated knockdown of n ... | 2010 | 21191067 |
| orientation and expression of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus small rnas by direct multiplexed measurements using the ncounter of nanostring technology. | staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterial opportunist responsible for a wide spectrum of infections. several genomes of this major human pathogen have been publicly available for almost 10 years, but comprehensive links between virulence or epidemicity and genome content of the bacterium are still missing. this project aims at characterizing a set of small transcribed molecules currently ignored by standard automated annotation algorithms. we assessed the nanostring's ncounter analysis syst ... | 2010 | 21195730 |
| x-ray structural studies of the entire extracellular region of the serine/threonine kinase prkc from staphylococcus aureus. | bacterial serine/threonine kinases modulate a wide number of cellular processes. the serine/threonine kinase prkc from the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus was also shown to induce germination of bacillus subtilis spores, in response to cell wall muropeptides. the presence of muropeptides in the bacterial extracellular milieu is a strong signal that the growing conditions are promising. in the present paper, we report the x-ray structure of the entire extracellular region of prkc from s. aur ... | 2011 | 21208192 |
| antibacterial effects of tungsten nanoparticles on the escherichia coli strains isolated from catheterized urinary tract infection (uti) cases and staphylococcus aureus. | a significant proportion of all incidents of nosocomial infections in acute-care hospitals is due to contaminated catheters. alternative strategies e.g. antibiotics as well as surface modifications have been devised in an attempt to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (cauti), but most have proven unsuccessful. therefore, the race to identify such substances which can combat pathogenic bacteria is ongoing in order to improve the quality of health care. novel tech ... | 2010 | 21213591 |
| infection acquisition following intensive care unit room privatization. | patients in intensive care units (icus) often acquire infections, which impose a heavy human and financial burden. the use of private rooms may reduce the acquisition of certain pathogens, but the limited evidence on this topic is inconsistent. | 2011 | 21220658 |
| the synthesis and characterization of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-coated magnetite nanoparticles and their effects on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. | magnetite nanoparticles (mnps) modified with sodium and calcium salts of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (napga and capga) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, followed by characterization and evaluation of their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. superparamagnetic mnps are particularly attractive for magnetic driving as well as bacterial biofilm and cell targeting in in vivo applications. characterization of synthesized mnps by the fourier transform infrared spectra and magnetization curves ... | 2011 | 21233545 |
| biofilm formation on silicone tympanostomy tubes with polyvinylpyrrolidone coating. | to determine whether biofilm formation on silicone tympanostomy tubes (tts) is prevented by polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) coating. | 2011 | 21242541 |
| [71-year old patient with sepsis, pericardial effusion and pulmonary infiltrates.] | a 71-year old man with sepsis, hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and pulmonary embolism was admitted on the intensive care unit. in blood cultures and in pericardial effusion, staphylococcus aureus was isolated. transeosophageal echocardiography showed a massive pulmonary valve endocarditis. right-sided endocarditis is a rare variant of endocarditis and may occur in consequence of contaminated drug solutions or infected intravenous catheter. the prognosis is relatively good, worse prognosis show ... | 2011 | 21253681 |
| radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of the (99m)tc-tricarbonyl moxifloxacin dithiocarbamate complex as a potential staphylococcus aureus infection radiotracer. | in the present investigation, radiosynthesis of the (99m)tc-tricarbonyl moxifloxacin dithiocarbamate complex ((99m)tc(co)(3)-mxnd) and its biological evaluation in male wister rats (mwr) artificially infected with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) was assessed. the (99m)tc(co)(3)-mxnd complex was radiochemically examined in terms of stability in saline and in serum and biologically its in-vitro binding with s. aureus and percent absorption in mwr models. radiochemically the (99m)tc(co)(3)-mxnd c ... | 2011 | 21256038 |
| a photopolymerized antimicrobial hydrogel coating derived from epsilon-poly-l-lysine. | hydrogels made from epsilon-poly-l-lysine-graft-methacrylamide (epl-ma) have been found to have impressive wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria (specifically escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (specifically candida albicans and fusarium solani). the epl-ma hydrogel also possesses in vitro biocompatibility and epl-ma solution is relatively non-hemolytic: the concentration needed for onset of human red blood cell ... | 2011 | 21257199 |
| unusual heme-binding pas domain from yybt family proteins. | yybt family proteins (cog3887) are functionally unknown proteins that are widely distributed among the firmicutes, including the human pathogens staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. recent studies suggested that yybt family proteins are crucial for the in vivo survival of bacterial pathogens during host infection. yybt family proteins contain an n-terminal domain that shares minimum sequence homology with per-arnt-sim (pas) domains. despite the lack of an apparent residue for heme c ... | 2011 | 21257773 |
| pharmacodynamics of razupenem (pz601) studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. | simulations of administration of razupenem at 1 g every 12 h by 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion were performed in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. the antibacterial effect of this razupenem dosing regimen against six strains of staphylococcus aureus (one methicillin-sensitive s. aureus [mssa] strain [mic, 0.015 µg/ml] and five methicillin-resistant s. aureus [mrsa] strains [mic range, 0.09 to 3 µg/ml]) and five strains of enterobacteriaceae (three escherichia coli strains [two con ... | 2011 | 21263054 |
| surface display of human lactoferrin using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of saccharomyces cerevisiae in pichia pastoris. | a cell surface display system was developed in pichia pastoris using the gene tip1, encoding the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored protein of saccharomyces cerevisiae (sctip). human lactoferrin cdna (hlf) was fused to a full-length tip1 dna (sctip ( 630 )) or a short-tip1 fragment (sctip ( 120 )) encoding the 40 c-terminal amino acids of sctip. both hlf-sctip fusion genes were expressed in p. pastoris smd 1168. the fused protein was detected by western blotting after extraction of the ... | 2011 | 21267758 |
| lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci. | the production of the staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) by staphylococcus aureus has been associated with essentially all cases of menstruation-associated toxic shock syndrome (tss). in this work, we show that the human vaginal isolate lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 produces small signaling molecules that are able to interfere with the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system agr, a key regulator of virulence genes, and repress the expression of tsst-1 in s. aureus mn8, a pr ... | 2011 | 21282650 |
| influenza coinfection and outcomes in children with complicated pneumonia. | to determine the impact of influenza coinfection on outcomes for children with complicated pneumonia. | 2011 | 21300649 |
| high prevalence of edin-c encoding rhoa-targeting toxin in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus, a major causative agent of human infection, produces a large array of virulence factors, including various toxins. among them, the host rhoa gtpase adp-ribosylating edin toxins are considered as potential virulence factors. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, we analyzed the virulence profile of 256 s. aureus isolates from various clinical sites of infections. we developed specific primers to detect the three isoforms of edin-encoding genes. we found a prevale ... | 2011 | 21311940 |
| human papillomaviruses prevalence and genital co-infections in hiv-seropositive women in ouagadougou (burkina faso). | the vaginal swabs among hiv-positive women in africa often revealed opportunistic infections such as human papillomavirus (hpv) and mycoplasma that induce respectively cervix cancer and diseases such as vaginosis, abortions, infertility in through salpingitis. the purposes of this study were to: (1) seek for, the prevalence of pathogens such as hpv and mycoplasma; (2) characterize the strains of hpv and estimate their prevalence; (3) identify among these women, those who were co-infected by thes ... | 2010 | 21313918 |
| superantigens in dermatology. | superantigens (sags) are virulent polypeptides that are produced by a variety of infectious organisms. they are capable of causing nonspecific t cell activation by circumventing normal antigen processing in the human host. the genetic makeup of the host plays a role in conferring susceptibility or protection against sags. they are linked to a variety of conditions, ranging from toxic shock syndrome to recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema. the early recognition of signs and symptoms of sag- ... | 2011 | 21315950 |
| transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus between human and hamster. | transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) between humans and animals is increasingly recognized. we newly document that the transmission of mrsa between human and hamster is possible. | 2011 | 21325561 |
| chemical synthesis of bacterial lipoteichoic acids: an insight on its biological significance. | during infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) has a dominant role leading to fulminant pro-inflammatory reactions in the host. as there is no lps in gram-positive bacteria, other microbial cell wall components have been identified to be the causative agent for the pro-inflammatory activity since also gram-positive bacterial infections lead to comparable clinical symptoms and reactions. on search for the "gram-positive endotoxin" a widely accepted hypothe ... | 2011 | 21327200 |
| acute necrotic stomatitis (noma) associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a newly acquired rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | a newly acquired rhesus macaque was suffering from rapid destruction of the left cheek caused by necrotizing stomatitis. | 2011 | 21332756 |
| purification of a lectin with antibacterial activity from bothrops leucurus snake venom. | a novel lectin was isolated from bothrops leucurus snake venom using a combination of affinity and gel filtration chromatographies. the lectin (bll) agglutinated glutaraldehyde-treated rabbit and human erythrocytes with preference for rabbit erythrocytes. galactose, raffinose, lactose, fetal bovine serum and casein inhibited lectin-induced rabbit erythrocyte agglutination. bll, with a molecular mass of 30 kda and composed of two subunits of 15 kda, showed dependence on calcium. bll is an acidic ... | 2011 | 21334449 |
| exoproteome of staphylococcus aureus reveals putative determinants of nasal carriage. | due to the increasing prevalence of nosocomial and community-acquired antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus (sa), understanding the determinants of sa nasal carriage has become a major imperative. previous research has revealed many host and bacterial factors that contribute to sa nasal carriage. to assess bacterial factors that facilitate nasal carriage, we compared the exoproteome of a nasal carrier strain of sa to a genetically similar noncarrier strain. additionally, the carrier strain ... | 2011 | 21338050 |
| [evaluation of epidemic risk from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria isolated from water of its various use types]. | the investigation was concerned with wild gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (e. coli spp., klebsiella spp., salmonella spp., and the nonfermentative bacteria pseudomonas spp.) isolated from the waters of different types, as well as museum cultures (e. coli strain 1257, e. coli strain 675, salmonella enteritidis atcc 5765, staphylococcus aureus 906, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 10145). the wild strains were isolated from water when conducting experimental and field studies; these ... | 2010 | 21341500 |
| broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy of peptide a3-apo in mouse models of multidrug-resistant wound and lung infections cannot be explained by in vitro activity against the pathogens involved. | although the designer proline-rich antimicrobial peptide a3-apo has only modest activity against escherichia coli and acinetobacter baumannii in vitro, in mouse models of systemic and wound infections it shows superior efficacy compared with conventional antibiotics. in this study, the efficacy of a3-apo in several additional mouse models was investigated, including staphylococcus aureus wound infection, mixed klebsiella pneumoniae-a. baumannii-proteus mirabilis wound infection and k. pneumoniae ... | 2011 | 21353493 |
| studies on in vitro antioxidant and antistaphylococcal activities of some important medicinal plants. | oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing with biological macromolecules in healthy human cells and cause protein and dna damage along with lipid peroxidation. many phytochemicals have been found to play as potential antioxidants and antimicrobials. in the present study antioxidant and antistaphylococcal activities of bauhinia variegata, tinospora cardifolia and piper longum have been determined. total phenolic contents in plant extracts were e ... | 2011 | 21366958 |
| improved proteolytic stability of chicken cathelicidin-2 derived peptides by d-amino acid substitutions and cyclization. | a truncated version of host defense peptide chicken cathelicidin-2, c1-15, possesses potent, broad spectrum antibacterial activity. a variant of this peptide, f(2,5,12)w, which contains 3 phenylalanine to tryptophan substitutions, possesses improved antibacterial activity and lipopolysaccharide (lps) neutralizing activity compared to c1-15. in order to improve the proteolytic resistance of both peptides we engineered novel chicken cathelicidin-2 analogs by substitution of l- with d-amino acids a ... | 2011 | 21376095 |
| activity of simulated serum concentrations of daptomycin versus vancomycin during the first 24h of treatment in the presence of physiological albumin concentrations against vancomycin-susceptible, -tolerant or -intermediate-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | in order to determine whether reduced susceptibility or tolerance to vancomycin in staphylococcus aureus influences the activity of daptomycin by simulating serum concentrations in the first 24h of treatment in the presence of physiological concentrations of human albumin, a computerised pharmacodynamic simulation was performed using mueller-hinton broth with 4 g/dl human albumin concentrations. for daptomycin, the media was adjusted to physiological ionised calcium concentrations by adding 100 ... | 2011 | 21388792 |
| differences in toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production after stimulation with heat-killed gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | innate immune surveillance in the blood is executed mostly by circulating monocytes, which recognize conserved bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. toll-like receptors (tlr) play a central role in microbe-associated molecular pattern detection. the aim of this study was to compare the differences in tlr expression and cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood cells with heat-killed gram-negative and gram-positive human pathogens: neisseria meningitidi ... | 2011 | 21399944 |
| molecular signatures of a disturbed nasal barrier function in the primary tissue of wegener's granulomatosis. | wegener's granulomatosis (wg) is a complex autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, frequently involving localized inflammation of the nasal mucosa as an early manifestation. the current hypothesis suggests that the disease is triggered by a disturbed interaction between genetic and environmental effects, such as an altered microflora at mucosal layers. in this study, a systematic assessment of 49 transcripts with potential pathophysiological relevance was performed using quantitative real-time p ... | 2011 | 21412229 |
| cigarette smoke-exposed neutrophils die unconventionally but are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages. | pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils is typical for active smokers who are also predisposed to multiple inflammatory and infectious lung diseases. we show that human neutrophil exposure to cigarette smoke extract (cse) leads to an atypical cell death sharing features of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. accumulation of tar-like substances in autophagosomes is also apparent. before detection of established cell death markers, cse-treated neutrophils are effectively recognized and non-phlogistic ... | 2011 | 21412277 |
| modeling antibiotic and cytotoxic effects of the dimeric isoquinoline iq-143 on metabolism and its regulation in staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and human cells. | abstract: background: xenobiotics represent an environmental stress and as such are a source for antibiotics, including the isoquinoline (iq) compound iq-143. here, we demonstrate the utility of complementary analysis of both host and pathogen datasets in assessing bacterial adaptation to iq-143, a synthetic analog of the novel type n,c-coupled naphthyl-isoquinoline alkaloid ancisheynine. results: metabolite measurements, gene expression data and functional assays were combined with metabolic mo ... | 2011 | 21418624 |
| synthesis and anti-microbial activity of hydroxylammonium ionic liquids. | eight hydroxylammonium-based room temperature ionic liquids (ils) have been synthesized by acid-base neutralization of ethanolamines with organic acids. the ils were characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and elemental analysis. their anti-microbial activities were determined using the well-diffusion method. all eight ils were toxic to staphylococcus aureus, while 2-hydroxyethylammonium lactate and 2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n-methylethanaminium acetate showed ... | 2011 | 21421256 |
| monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in a selected stretch of bay of bengal, india. | the present work aims at identification of multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in a selected stretch, namely, puri on the bay of bengal, india. six stations at the coast of puri were selected and samples of water and sediment were collected during the winter of 2008 and 2009 for this study. thirty-eight pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from both the water and the sediment of 6 fixed stations (pu-1a, pu-1b, pu-2, pu-3, pu-4, and pu-5). the identified pathogens were escheri ... | 2011 | 21424669 |
| intrinsic alterations of pro-inflammatory mediators in unstimulated and tlr-2 stimulated keratinocytes from atopic dermatitis patients. | in many patients with atopic dermatitis (ad), the disease is complicated by their enhanced susceptibility to bacterial skin infections, especially with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. s. aureus, is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. toll-like receptor (tlr)-2 recognizes components of s. aureus and is known to be expressed on keratinocytes. the aim of this study was to invest ... | 2011 | 21447101 |
| linezolid-associated hypoglycemia in a 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. | older diabetic patients are at increased risk for skin infections, often with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). linezolid offers oral therapy with mrsa coverage. we present a case of linezolid-associated hypoglycemia in a 64-year-old diabetic patient with presumed mrsa cellulitis. | 2011 | 21459312 |
| susceptibility of clinical staphylococcus aureus isolates to innate defense antimicrobial peptides. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are effector molecules of innate immunity. to determine whether amp susceptibility of s. aureus varies according to different types of infection, 102 isolates from patients with s. aureus bacteremia or recurrent skin and soft tissue infection, and colonizing isolates were investigated. using microbroth dilution assays we found a narrow range of mics of human β-defensin-3, cathelicidin ll-37 and bovine indolicidin without significant differences between the groups. c ... | 2011 | 21473929 |
| characterization of staphylococcus aureus strains involved in human and bovine mastitis. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the main etiological agents of mastitis in different mammalian species. at present, it is unknown whether strains isolated from human mastitis cases share phenotypic properties and genetic background with those obtained from animal mastitis cases. therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize s. aureus strains isolated from women with lactational mastitis and to compare them with the strains responsible for bovine mastitis and noninfectious strains. a ... | 2011 | 21477005 |
| occurrence of genes of putative fibrinogen binding proteins and hemolysins, as well as of their phenotypic correlates in isolates of s. lugdunensis of different origins. | abstract: | 2011 | 21477287 |
| antibacterial activity in spices and local medicinal plants against clinical isolates of karachi, pakistan. | context: development of resistance in human pathogens against conventional antibiotic necessitates searching indigenous medicinal plants having antibacterial property. twenty-seven medicinal plants used actively in folklore, ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine were selected for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity for this study. eleven plants chosen from these 27 are used as spices in local cuisine. objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts a ... | 2011 | 21501041 |
| staphylococcus aureus metalloprotease aureolysin cleaves complement c3 to mediate immune evasion. | complement is one of the first host defense barriers against bacteria. activated complement attracts neutrophils to the site of infection and opsonizes bacteria to facilitate phagocytosis. the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus has successfully developed ways to evade the complement system, for example by secretion of specific complement inhibitors. however, the influence of s. aureus proteases on the host complement system is still poorly understood. in this study, we identify the metalloprot ... | 2011 | 21502375 |
| inhibitory effects of lipoteichoic acid from staphylococcus aureus on platelet function and platelet-monocyte aggregation. | objective: lipoteichoic acid (lta) from staphylococcus aureus has been demonstrated to inhibit agonist-stimulated platelet aggregation. however, its effects on platelet inflammatory mediator release and platelet-monocyte aggregation are still unclear. in the present study, lta is examined for its anti-inflammatory properties and effects on platelet-monocyte aggregation. methods: blood samples were obtained from 5 healthy volunteers who had taken no medicine in the previous 2 weeks. washed platel ... | 2011 | 21503720 |
| sortase a as a tool for high-yield histatin cyclization. | cyclic peptides are highly valued tools in biomedical research. in many cases, they show higher receptor affinity, enhanced biological activity, and improved serum stability. technical difficulties in producing cyclic peptides, especially larger ones, in appreciable yields have precluded a prolific use in biomedical research. here, we describe a novel and efficient cyclization method that uses the peptidyl-transferase activity of the staphylococcus aureus enzyme sortase a to cyclize linear synth ... | 2011 | 21525488 |
| inference of the transcriptional regulatory network in staphylococcus aureus by integration of experimental and genomics-based evidence. | transcriptional regulatory networks are fine-tuned systems, which help microorganisms respond to changes in the environment and cell physiological state. we applied the comparative genomics approach implemented in the regpredict web-server combined with seed subsystem analysis and available information on known regulatory interactions for regulatory network reconstruction in the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus and six related species from the staphylococcaceae family. the resulting referenc ... | 2011 | 21531804 |
| fat embolism syndrome after femur fracture with intramedullary nailing: case report. | fat embolism syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can develop after orthopedic injury and surgery. this syndrome developed in a 19-year-old man after a traumatic femoral fracture that was surgically repaired with intramedullary nailing. the complications experienced by the patient highlight the importance of prevention and early detection of fat embolism syndrome. although minimization of the syndrome focuses primarily on prehospital care and early stabilization of a patient's condition ... | 2011 | 21532048 |
| lactobacillus fermentum isolated from human colonic mucosal biopsy inhibits the growth and adhesion of enteric and foodborne pathogens. | a number of lactobacillus species are used as probiotic strains in order to benefit health. we have isolated l. fermentum from human colonic mucosal biopsy samples that possess antimicrobial activities against entroinvasive and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, shigella sonnei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio sp. in addition to lactic acid, l. fermentum secretes antimicrobial proteinacious com ... | 2010 | 21535608 |
| antibacterial peptides derived from caprine whey proteins, by digestion with human gastrointestinal juice. | peptides in caprine whey were identified after in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal enzymes in order to determine their antibacterial effect. the digestion was performed in two continuing steps using human gastric juice (ph 2·5) and human duodenal juice (ph 8) at 37°c. after digestion the hydrolysate was fractionated and 106 peptides were identified. from these results, twenty-two peptides, located in the protein molecules, were synthesised and antibacterial activity examined. strong a ... | 2011 | 21554806 |
| the role of horizontal gene transfer in staphylococcus aureus host adaptation. | staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that also causes economically important infections of livestock. in a recent paper, we employed a population genomic approach to investigate the molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation by s. aureus. the data suggest that the common pathogenic clone associated with small ruminants originated in humans but has since adapted to its adopted host through a combination of allelic diversification, gene loss and acquisition of mobile genetic eleme ... | 2011 | 21555917 |
| composite electrospun nanomembranes of fish scale collagen peptides/chito-oligosaccharides: antibacterial properties and potential for wound dressing. | the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antibacterial properties and the biocompatibility of composite electrospun nanofibrous membranes (nfms) with low-molecular-weight fish scale collagen peptides (fscp) and chito-oligosaccharide (cos), to determine their potential for use as wound dressings. | 2011 | 21556341 |
| adhesion mechanisms of staphylococci. | staphylococcal adherence to an either biotic or abiotic surface is the critical first event in the establishment of an infection with these serious pathogens. especially staphylococcus aureus harbours a variety of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous adhesins that mediate attachment to a multitude of host factors, such as extracellular matrix and plasma proteins and human host cells, or intercellular adhesion, which is essential for biofilm accumulation. proteinaceous adhesins may be classified i ... | 2011 | 21557060 |
| influence of the recombinant human 70-kda heat-shock protein on simulation of gram-positive sepsis in rats. | 2011 | 21562946 | |
| nsars is a cell-envelope-stress sensing two-component system of staphylococcus aureus. | s. aureus possesses 16 two-component systems (tcs), two of which (grars & nsars) belong to the intramembrane-sensing histidine kinase (im-hk) family, conserved within the firmicutes. nsars has recently been documented as being important for nisin-resistance in s. aureus. in this study we present a characterization of nsars and reveal that, as with other im-hk tcs, it responds to disruptions in the cell-envelope. analysis using a lacz reporter-gene fusion demonstrated that nsars expression is upr ... | 2011 | 21565927 |
| the saer/s gene regulatory system induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine response during staphylococcus aureus infection. | community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus accounts for a large portion of the increased staphylococcal disease incidence and can cause illness ranging from mild skin infections to rapidly fatal sepsis syndromes. currently, we have limited understanding of s. aureus-derived mechanisms contributing to bacterial pathogenesis and host inflammation during staphylococcal disease. herein, we characterize an influential role for the saer/s two-component gene regulatory system in m ... | 2011 | 21603642 |
| natural and synthetic cathelicidin peptides with anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against staphylococcus aureus. | abstract: background: chronic infected wounds typically contain multiple genera of bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, many of which are strong biofilm formers. bacterial biofilms are thought to be a direct impediment to wound healing. new therapies that focus on a biofilm approach may improve the recovery and healing rate for infected wounds. in this study, cathelicidins and related short, synthetic peptides were tested for their anti-microbial effectiveness as well as their ability to i ... | 2011 | 21605457 |
| structure-function studies of an engineered scaffold protein derived from stefin a. ii: development and applications of the sqt variant. | constrained binding peptides (peptide aptamers) may serve as tools to explore protein conformations and disrupt protein-protein interactions. the quality of the protein scaffold, by which the binding peptide is constrained and presented, is of crucial importance. sqt (stefin a quadruple mutant-tracy) is our most recent development in the stefin a-derived scaffold series. stefin a naturally uses three surfaces to interact with its targets. sqt tolerates peptide insertions at all three positions. ... | 2011 | 21616931 |
| gut cavp is an innate immune protein against bacterial challenge in amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri. | the importance of calcium-binding proteins in immune response of vertebrates is determined, but whether they have the role in invertebrates is largely unknown. in the present study, phylogenetic analysis indicated that calcium vector protein (cavp), a protein unique to amphioxus, shared 68% similarity in amino acid sequence with human and mouse calmodulin (cam). cavp cdna was cloned into a bacterial vector pet-32a, and its his-tagged fusion protein was produced in eschherichia coli cells (bl21). ... | 2011 | 21624472 |
| new insights into the prevention of staphylococcal infections and toxic shock syndrome. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen capable of causing various diseases, from skin infections to life-threatening pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. s. aureus exoproteins, including superantigens, contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of this organism. antibiotics inhibit growth, but often provide no protection from s. aureus exoproteins. with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant s. aureus, new therapeutic options to treat or prevent s. aureus-associated diseases are critica ... | 2010 | 21625323 |
| initial efforts toward the optimization of arylomycins for antibiotic activity. | while most clinically used antibiotics were derived from natural products, the isolation of new broad-spectrum natural products has become increasingly rare and narrow-spectrum agents are typically deemed unsuitable for development due to intrinsic limitations of their scaffold or target. however, it is possible that the spectrum of a natural product antibiotic might be limited by specific resistance mechanisms in some bacteria, such as target mutations, and the spectra of such "latent" antibiot ... | 2011 | 21630667 |
| human leukocyte antigen class ii transgenic mouse model unmasks the significant extrahepatic pathology in toxic shock syndrome. | among the exotoxins produced by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes, the superantigens (sags) are the most potent t-cell activators known to date. sags are implicated in several serious diseases including toxic shock syndrome (tss), kawasaki disease, and sepsis. however, the immunopathogenesis of tss and other diseases involving sags are still not completely understood. the commonly used conventional laboratory mouse strains do not respond robustly to sags in vivo. therefore, they m ... | 2011 | 21641398 |
| fibronigen is a ligand for the s. aureus mscramm bbp (bone sialoprotein-binding protein). | mscramms (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) are bacterial surface proteins mediating adherence of the microbes to components of the extracellular matrix of the host. on staphylococci the mscramms often have multiple ligands. consequently we hypothesized that the s. aureus mscramm bbp (bone sialoprotein-binding protein) might recognize host molecules other than the identified bone protein. a ligand screen revealed that bbp binds human fibrinogen (fg) but not fg f ... | 2011 | 21642438 |
| two antimicrobial and nematicidal peptides derived from sequences encoded picea sitchensis. | two antimicrobial peptides (piceain 1 and 2) derived from sequences encoded picea sitchensis are identified. their amino acid sequences are kslrprcwikikfrckslkf and rprcwikikfrckslkf, respectively. one intra-molecular disulfide bridge is formed by these two half-cysteines in both piceain 1 and 2. antimicrobial activities of synthesized piceains against several kinds of microorganisms were tested. they showed antimicrobial activities against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcu ... | 2011 | 21644248 |
| bacterial virulence in the moonlight: multitasking bacterial moonlighting proteins are virulence determinants in infectious disease. | men may not be able to multi-task, but it is emerging that proteins can. this capacity of proteins to exhibit more than one function is termed protein moonlighting and, surprisingly, many highly conserved proteins involved in metabolic regulation or the cell stress response have a range of additional biological actions which are involved in bacterial virulence. this review highlights the multiple roles exhibited by a range of bacterial proteins, such as glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes and ... | 2011 | 21646455 |
| a concise synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 3-polyamino-23,24-bisnorcholanes as steroid-polyamine conjugates. | a series of steroid-polyamine conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. this study was focused on the effect of stereochemistry at the c-3 and c-5 of steroids and types of polyamine at c-3 on activity against various human pathogens. all the conjugates exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against gram-positive strains. compound 18 was found to be the most potent in these series with a mic value as low as 1 μg/ml against the bacterium staphylococcus aureus a ... | 2011 | 21652210 |
| infectious disease. | athletes are susceptible to the same infections as the general population. however, special considerations often need to be taken into account when dealing with an athlete who has contracted an infectious disease. health care providers need to consider how even common illnesses can affect an athlete's performance, the communicability of the illness to team members, and precautions/contraindications related to athletic participation. recent advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and/or management ... | 2011 | 21658549 |
| a modulatory interleukin-10 response to staphylococcal peptidoglycan prevents th1/th17 adaptive immunity to staphylococcus aureus. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 on antigen-presenting cells (apcs) enables these cells to recognize peptidoglycan-embedded lipopeptides and glycopolymers in the staphylococcus aureus cell wall and mount an inflammatory response to this microbe. tlr2 signalling can also modulate immunity to s. aureus by inducing an interleukin (il)-10 response in apcs. what determines the balance between proinflammatory and modulatory responses to s. aureus is unknown. we show that the modulatory il-10 response prefer ... | 2011 | 21673036 |
| differences in toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production after stimulation with heat-killed gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | innate immune surveillance in the blood is executed mostly by circulating monocytes, which recognise conserved bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. toll-like receptors (tlr) play a central role in microbe-associated molecular pattern detection. here, we compared the differences in tlr expression and cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood cells with heat-killed gram-negative and gram-positive human pathogens neisseria meningitidis, escherichia coli, ... | 2011 | 21674265 |
| a recombinant antimicrobial peptide inhibits the growth of oxacillin-induced l-forms of staphylococcus aureus. | 2011 | 21676594 | |
| staphylococcus aureus biofilm and planktonic cultures differentially impact gene expression, mapk phosphorylation, and cytokine production in human keratinocytes. | abstract: | 2011 | 21693040 |
| bacitracin and nisin resistance in staphylococcus aureus: a novel pathway involving the bras/brar two-component system (sa2417/sa2418) and both the brad/brae and vrad/vrae abc transporters. | two-component systems (tcss) are key regulatory pathways allowing bacteria to adapt their genetic expression to environmental changes. bacitracin, a cyclic dodecylpeptide antibiotic, binds to undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, the lipid carrier for cell wall precursors, effectively inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis. we have identified a novel and previously uncharacterized tcs in the major human pathogen staphylococcus aureus that we show to be essential for bacitracin and nisin resistance: the bra ... | 2011 | 21696458 |
| factors associated with the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality of abomey-calavi in benin. | the objective of this work is to assess the factors associated with the water quality of household wells, suggest solutions to improve it, and study the prevalence of water-borne diseases in this community. the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality were studied by analysis of the microbiological indicators currently used to assess drinking-water quality and the retrospective study of waterborne diseases treated in the local health centres. the wells ... | 2011 | 21700557 |
| congenital alterations of nemo glutamic acid 223 result in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency with normal serum igg levels. | hypomorphic mutations in the nuclear factor-+¦b (nf-+¦b) essential modulator (nemo) gene result in a variable syndrome of somatic and immunologic abnormalities. clinically relevant genotype-phenotype associations are essential to understanding this complex disease. | 2011 | 21704885 |
| the sbi protein is a multifunctional immune evasion factor of staphylococcus aureus. | the second immunoglobulin-binding protein (sbi) of staphylococcus aureus has two n-terminal domains that bind the fc region of igg in a fashion similar to that of protein a and two domains that can bind to the complement protein c3 and promote its futile consumption in the fluid phase. it has been proposed that sbi helps bacteria to avoid innate immune defenses. by comparing a mutant defective in sbi with mutants defective in protein a, clumping factor a, iron-regulated surface determinant h, an ... | 2011 | 21708997 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis enzymes enhance infection with human metapneumovirus in vitro. | relatively recently discovered, the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a human pathogen with worldwide prevalence, accounting for a substantial percentage of respiratory tract diseases. concurrent viral and bacterial infections enable intricate mechanisms of cooperation between pathogens, which complicate the symptoms and outcome of the disease. such bilateral interactions are based on the modulation of bacterial growth on epithelium pathologically altered during viral illness and the modulation of ... | 2011 | 21715599 |
| evaluation of lhp-« (1% hydrogen peroxide) cream versus petrolatum and untreated controls in open wounds in healthy horses: a randomized, blinded control study. | abstract: | 2011 | 21718487 |
| screening for methicillin-resistant staphylococci in dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital. | this study investigated the nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mrs) in dogs (n=177) prior to medical examination or surgery in a veterinary teaching hospital. nasal swab samples were collected after induction of anaesthesia and incubated overnight in salt enriched trypticase-soy broth. cultures were analysed on two different agar media containing cefoxitin. suspected mrs isolates were genotypically identified and characterised by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and staph ... | 2011 | 21726884 |
| the flexible loop of staphylococcus aureus isdg is required for its degradation in the absence of heme. | degradation of specific native proteins allows bacteria to rapidly adapt to changing environments when the activity of those proteins is no longer required. although these processes are vital to bacterial survival, relatively little is known regarding how bacterial proteins are recognized and targeted for degradation. staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that requires iron for growth and pathogenesis. in the vertebrate host, s. aureus fulfills its iron requirement by obtaining he ... | 2011 | 21728357 |
| expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -12 in porcine lung infections. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) play a variety of roles during organogenesis, in the immune response and during acute and chronic diseases as well as in tissue remodelling. during the last decade, the pig has become used increasingly as a model for human diseases; however, studies on the expression of porcine mmps are limited. in the present study species-specific antibodies were produced to investigate the expression of mmp-9 and mmp-12 immunohistochemically in lungs from pigs infected with ac ... | 2011 | 21737093 |
| molecular insights into the control of transcription initiation at the staphylococcus aureus agr operon. | the accessory gene regulatory (agr) operon of the opportunistic human pathogen staphylococcus aureus is a prime pathogenesis factor in this bacterium. the agr operon consists of two transcription units, rnaii and rnaiii, which are transcribed from divergent promoters, p2 and p3, respectively. rnaii encodes a quorum-sensing system, including agra, the master transcription activator of the agr operon. rnaiii is the effector rna molecule that regulates the expression of many virulence genes. owing ... | 2011 | 21741390 |
| iliopsoas abscess and spondylodiscitis by staphylococcus aureus: successful clinical treatment. | although pyogenic abscess of the iliopsoas muscle is considered an uncommon condition, its incidence is on the increase. this abscess may be primary if it occurs without a causal factor; more frequently, it is secondary to gastrointestinal or genitourinary affections, or trauma. the main aetiological agents differ among primary (staphylococcus aureus) and secondary (escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, streptococcus spp, bacteroides spp) abscess. we report the case of a 64-year-old man with iliopso ... | 2011 | 21753252 |
| structural and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on 1h-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl-n-phenyl amine and its pd(ii) and pt(ii) complexes. | [mlcl(2)]·zh(2)o (l=(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-n-phenyl amine; m=pd, z=0; m=pt, z=1) and [pdl(oh(2))(2)]·2x·zh(2)o (x=br, i, no(3), z=0; x=scn, z=1) complexes were synthesized as potential anticancer compounds and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral and thermal methods. ft-ir and (1)h nmr studies revealed that the benzimidazole l is coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine-type nitrogen (n(py)) of the benzimidazole ring and secondary amino group (nh(sec)). quantum mechanical ca ... | 2011 | 21763187 |
| antibacterial activity of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south india. | to screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants chassalia curviflora thw. (c. curviflora), cyclea peltata hook. f. & thomson (c. peltata) and euphorbia hirta l (e. hirta) used in folk medicines in aarukani hills kani tribe, tamil nadu, india against human bacterial pathogens. | 2011 | 21771680 |
| auxotrophic mutant of staphylococcus aureus interferes with nasal colonization by the wild type. | staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a risk factor for infection in humans, particularly in the hospital setting. bacterial interference was used as an alternative strategy for the prevention of upper respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tract infections. this study was designed to assess if the administration of a live-attenuated aroa mutant of s. aureus is useful as a potential approach to prevent transient staphylococcal nasal carriage by virulent strains. we constructed an aroa mu ... | 2011 | 21784166 |
| the interaction of human, rat and mouse immunoglobulin a (iga) with the staphylococcal superantigen-like 7 (ssl7) decoy protein and the leukocyte iga receptor. | host survival depends on an effective immune system and pathogen survival on the effectiveness of immune evasion mechanisms. staphylococcus aureus utilizes a number of molecules to modulate host immunity including the ssl family of which ssl7 binds iga and inhibits fcari mediated function. other gram positive bacterial pathogens produce iga binding proteins which, like ssl7, also bind the fc at the ch2/ch3 interface (the junction between constant domains 2 and 3 of the heavy chain). the opposing ... | 2011 | 21784854 |
| bactericidal activity and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite containing gold nanoparticles. | hydroxyapatite (ha) containing gold (au) nanoparticles was synthesized for the biomedical applications. the morphology, structure and thermal properties of the ha containing au nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), energy dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and thermogravimetry (tga). xrd patterns clearly revealed the formation of ha ... | 2011 | 21830474 |
| staphylococcal ╬▒-toxin induces a higher t cell proliferation and interleukin-31 in atopic dermatitis. | background: patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) are frequently colonized with ╬▒-toxin-producing staphylococcus aureus which is in turn positively correlated with the severity of eczema. methods: in this study we addressed t cell proliferation and t cell as well as monocyte cytokine secretion upon ╬▒-toxin stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from ad patients compared to healthy controls. results: we found that ╬▒-toxin stimulation of pbmcs markedly enhanced t cell prolifer ... | 2011 | 21832830 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae exposure is associated with human metapneumovirus seroconversion and increased susceptibility to in vitro HMPV infection. | It remains largely unknown which factors determine the clinical outcome of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether exposure to bacterial pathogens can influence HMPV infections. From 57 children, serum samples and colonization data for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age. Seroconversion rates to HMPV were determined and related to ba ... | 2011 | 21883660 |
| ceftobiprole: first reported experience in osteomyelitis. | a 74-year-old man with long-standing diabetes presented with advanced infection of the right forefoot associated with septic arthritis and osteomyelitis involving the second and third metatarsophalangeal joints. polymicrobial infection, which included methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, was documented. first-line antibiotic therapy, which included vancomycin, was not tolerated. a durable cure was obtained following a six-week course of intravenous ceftobiprole medocaril combined with lo ... | 2010 | 21886652 |