Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| mitochondrial atp synthase is dispensable in blood-stage plasmodium berghei rodent malaria but essential in the mosquito phase. | mitochondrial atp synthase is driven by chemiosmotic oxidation of pyruvate derived from glycolysis. blood-stage malaria parasites eschew chemiosmosis, instead relying almost solely on glycolysis for their atp generation, which begs the question of whether mitochondrial atp synthase is necessary during the blood stage of the parasite life cycle. we knocked out the mitochondrial atp synthase β subunit gene in the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, ablating the protein that converts adp t ... | 2015 | 25831536 |
| resveratrol fails to extend life span in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | resveratrol, a plant polyphenol present in grape skins, has been theorized to account for the "french paradox" by explaining how red wine may decrease the health risks associated with unhealthy diets. resveratrol has been reported to extend life span in several different species. other studies, however, have failed to find a resveratrol-induced life span effect. a recent meta-study analyzing previously published survival data concluded that, although resveratrol reliably and reproducibly extends ... | 2015 | 25848933 |
| gc-ms analysis of bioactive components and synthesis of gold nanoparticle using chloroxylon swietenia dc leaf extract and its larvicidal activity. | a rapid bio-reduction of chloroauric acid (haucl4) was achieved by chloroxylon swietenia dc leaf extract (csle), which resulted in the formation of well dispersed c. swietenia gold nanoparticles (csgnps). the formation of gnps was confirmed by color changes from yellowish green to purple and their characteristic peak at 545 nm. the characterization of synthesized csgnps was made through x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), high resolution transmission electron ... | 2015 | 25854160 |
| visualization of malaria parasites in the skin using the luciferase transgenic parasite, plasmodium berghei. | we produced a transgenic rodent malaria parasite (plasmodium berghei) that contained the luciferase gene under a promoter region of elongation factor-1α. these transgenic (tg) parasites expressed luciferase in all stages of their life cycle, as previously reported. however, we were the first to succeed in observing sporozoites as a mass in mouse skin following their deposition by the probing of infective mosquitoes. our transgenic parasites may have emitted stronger bioluminescence than previous ... | 2014 | 25859153 |
| inheritance pattern of temephos resistance, an organophosphate insecticide, in aedes aegypti (l.). | the present paper reports the mode of inheritance of resistance in laboratory induced temephos resistant and susceptible strains of ae. aegypti. homozygous resistant and susceptible strains of ae. aegypti were generated by selective inbreeding at a diagnostic dose of 0.02 mg/l of temephos. genetic crosses were carried out between these strains to determine the inheritance pattern of temephos resistance. the log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (d) were calculated. th ... | 2015 | 25861478 |
| tools for anopheles gambiae transgenesis. | transgenesis is an essential tool to investigate gene function and to introduce desired characters in laboratory organisms. setting-up transgenesis in non-model organisms is challenging due to the diversity of biological life traits and due to knowledge gaps in genomic information. some procedures will be broadly applicable to many organisms, and others have to be specifically developed for the target species. transgenesis in disease vector mosquitoes has existed since the 2000s but has remained ... | 2015 | 25869647 |
| in vivo and in vitro characterization of a plasmodium liver stage-specific promoter. | little is known about stage-specific gene regulation in plasmodium parasites, in particular the liver stage of development. we have previously described in the plasmodium berghei rodent model, a liver stage-specific (lisp2) gene promoter region, in vitro. using a dual luminescence system, we now confirm the stage specificity of this promoter region also in vivo. furthermore, by substitution and deletion analyses we have extended our in vitro characterization of important elements within the prom ... | 2015 | 25874388 |
| the activity of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr in mosquito bioassay: towards a more rational testing and screening of non-neurotoxic insecticides for malaria vector control. | the rapid selection of pyrethroid resistance throughout sub-saharan africa is a serious threat to malaria vector control. chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide which shows no cross resistance to insecticide classes normally used for vector control and is effective on mosquito nets under experimental hut conditions. unlike neurotoxic insecticides, chlorfenapyr owes its toxicity to disruption of metabolic pathways in mitochondria that enable cellular respiration. a series of experiments explored w ... | 2015 | 25879231 |
| impact of repeated neemazal-treated blood meals on the fitness of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | herbal remedies are widely used in many malaria endemic countries to treat patients, in particular in the absence of anti-malarial drugs and in some settings to prevent the disease. herbal medicines may be specifically designed for prophylaxis and/or for blocking malaria transmission to benefit both, the individual consumer and the community at large. neem represents a good candidate for this purpose due to its inhibitory effects on the parasite stages that cause the clinical manifestations of m ... | 2015 | 25884799 |
| dynamic expression of mirnas across immature and adult stages of the malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. | micrornas are small non-coding rnas that are involved in various biological processes including insect development. anopheles stephensi serves as primary vector of malaria parasite in asia and exhibits holometabolous life cycle that involves four different stages of development. regulation and role of mosquito mirnas during various stages of mosquito development remain largely unknown. | 2015 | 25888742 |
| resisting infection by plasmodium berghei increases the sensitivity of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to ddt. | the evolution of insecticide resistance threatens current malaria control methods, which rely heavily on chemical insecticides. the magnitude of the threat will be determined by the phenotypic expression of resistance in those mosquitoes that can transmit malaria. these differ from the majority of the mosquito population in two main ways; they carry sporozoites (the infectious stage of the plasmodium parasite) and they are relatively old, as they need to survive the development period of the mal ... | 2015 | 25888982 |
| modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of anopheles gambiae. | there is a renewed effort to develop novel malaria control strategies as even well-implemented existing malaria control tools may fail to block transmission in some regions. currently, transgenic implementations of the sterile insect technique (sit) such as the release of insects with a dominant lethal, homing endonuclease genes, or flightless mosquitoes are in development. these implementations involve the release of transgenic male mosquitoes whose matings with wild females produce either no v ... | 2015 | 25889145 |
| studying the effect of chloroquine on sporozoite-induced protection and immune responses in plasmodium berghei malaria. | sporozoite immunization of animals and humans under a chemo-prophylactic cover of chloroquine (cps-cq) efficiently induces sterile protection against malaria. in humans, cps-cq is strikingly more efficient than immunization with radiation attenuated sporozoites (ras), raising the hypothesis that this might be partially due to cq. chloroquine, an established anti-malarial drug, is also well known for its immune modulating properties including improvement of cross-presentation. the aim of this stu ... | 2015 | 25889324 |
| direct venous inoculation of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for controlled human malaria infection: a dose-finding trial in two centres. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) accelerates development of anti-malarial interventions. so far, chmi is done by exposure of volunteers to bites of five mosquitoes carrying plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (pfspz), a technique available in only a few centres worldwide. mosquito-mediated chmi is logistically complex, exact pfspz dosage is impossible and live mosquito-based interventions are not suitable for further clinical development. | 2015 | 25889522 |
| robust, reproducible, industrialized, standard membrane feeding assay for assessing the transmission blocking activity of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum. | a vaccine that interrupts malaria transmission (vimt) would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination. one vimt approach is to identify sexual erythrocytic and mosquito stage antigens of the malaria parasite that induce immune responses targeted at disrupting parasite development in the mosquito. the standard plasmodium falciparum membrane-feeding assay (smfa) is used to assess transmission-blocking activity (tba) of antibodies against candidate immunogens and of drugs targeting the ... | 2015 | 25890243 |
| reproductive biology in anophelinae mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae): fine structure of the female accessory gland. | the morphology and ultrastructure of female accessory reproductive glands of anopheles maculipennis s.s., anopheles labranchiae and anopheles stephensi were investigated by light and electron microscopy. the reproductive system in these species is characterized by two ovaries, two lateral oviducts, a single spermatheca and a single accessory gland. the gland is globular and has a thin duct which empties into the vagina, near the opening of the spermathecal duct. significant growth of the accesso ... | 2015 | 25895726 |
| biogenesis of the crystalloid organelle in plasmodium involves microtubule-dependent vesicle transport and assembly. | malaria parasites possess unique subcellular structures and organelles. one of these is the crystalloid, a multivesicular organelle that forms during the parasite's development in vector mosquitoes. the formation and function of these organelles remain poorly understood. a family of six conserved and modular proteins named lccl-lectin adhesive-like proteins (laps), which have essential roles in sporozoite transmission, localise to the crystalloids. in this study we analyse crystalloid formation ... | 2015 | 25900212 |
| heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes. | female mosquitoes display preferences for certain individuals over others, which is determined by differences in volatile chemicals produced by the human body and detected by mosquitoes. body odour can be controlled genetically but the existence of a genetic basis for differential attraction to insects has never been formally demonstrated. this study investigated heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes by evaluating the response of aedes aegypti (=stegomyia aegypti) mosquitoes to odours fro ... | 2015 | 25901606 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge cliona celata (grant) extracts against anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate the larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge cliona celata (c. celata) (grant) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) liston. | 2015 | 25901921 |
| efficiency of nested-pcr in detecting asymptomatic cases toward malaria elimination program in an endemic area of iran. | the aim of this study was to detect low parasite and asymptomatic malaria infections by means of three malaria diagnostic tests, in a low transmission region of minab district, hormozgan province, southern iran. | 0 | 25904944 |
| efficacy of insecticide treated nets against mixed population of mosquitoes at dayalbagh-agra. | 0 | 25905088 | |
| plasmodium falciparum in the southeastern atlantic forest: a challenge to the bromeliad-malaria paradigm? | recently an unexpectedly high prevalence of plasmodium falciparum was found in asymptomatic blood donors living in the southeastern brazilian atlantic forest. the bromeliad-malaria paradigm assumes that transmission of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae involves species of the subgenus kerteszia of anopheles and only a few cases of p. vivax malaria are reported annually in this region. the expectations of this paradigm are a low prevalence of p. vivax and a null prevalence of p. falciparum ... | 2015 | 25909655 |
| di-rhamnolipid is a mosquito pupicidal metabolite from pseudomonas fluorescens (vcrc b426). | pseudomonas fluorescens migula (vcrc b426) produces a secondary metabolite, which was found to be active against pupae of vector mosquitoes namely culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. the mosquito pupicidal metabolite from p. fluoescens was mass produced and separated by ethyl acetate extraction and purified further by silica gel column chromatography, fplc, hplc and tlc. the purified metabolite was characterized by nmr, ft-ir, lc-ms and maldi-tof. the ft-ir, (1)h and ( ... | 2015 | 25912083 |
| chloroquine neither eliminates liver stage parasites nor delays their development in a murine chemoprophylaxis vaccination model. | chemoprophylaxis vaccination (cvac) confers long lasting sterile protection against homologous parasite strains in humans, and involves inoculation of infectious sporozoites (spz) under drug cover. cvac using the drug chloroquine (cq) induces pre-erythrocytic immunity in humans that includes antibody to spz and t-cell responses to liver stage (ls) parasites. the mechanism by which cvac with cq induces strong protective immunity is not understood as untreated infections do not confer protection. ... | 2015 | 25914686 |
| inhibition of cytochrome bc1 as a strategy for single-dose, multi-stage antimalarial therapy. | single-dose therapies for malaria have been proposed as a way to reduce the cost and increase the effectiveness of antimalarial treatment. however, no compound to date has shown single-dose activity against both the blood-stage plasmodium parasites that cause disease and the liver-stage parasites that initiate malaria infection. here, we describe a subset of cytochrome bc1 (cyt bc1) inhibitors, including the novel 4(1h)-quinolone elq-400, with single-dose activity against liver, blood, and trans ... | 2015 | 25918204 |
| a novel biopesticide ponneem to control human vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. | organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. these chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. the objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of azadirachta indica and pongamia glabra, was tested against anopheles stephensi and culex quinq ... | 2015 | 25929457 |
| p. falciparum and p. vivax epitope-focused vlps elicit sterile immunity to blood stage infections. | in order to design p. falciparum preerythrocytic vaccine candidates, a library of circumsporozoite (cs) t and b cell epitopes displayed on the woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (whcag) vlp platform was produced. to test the protective efficacy of the whcag-cs vlps, hybrid cs p. berghei/p. falciparum (pb/pf) sporozoites were used to challenge immunized mice. vlps carrying 1 or 2 different cs repeat b cell epitopes and 3 vlps carrying different cs non-repeat b cell epitopes elicited high leve ... | 2015 | 25933001 |
| heterologous protection against malaria after immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. | sterile protection in >90% of volunteers against homologous plasmodium falciparum infection has been achieved only using the controlled human malaria infection (chmi) model. this efficient model involves whole parasite immunizations under chloroquine prophylaxis (cps-immunization), requiring only 30-45 mosquitoes bites infected with p. falciparum-sporozoites. given the large diversity of p. falciparum parasites, it is essential to assess protection against heterologous parasite strains. | 2015 | 25933168 |
| repellent efficacy of deet, mygga, neem (azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (melia azedarach) oil against anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in ethiopia. | in ethiopia, anopheles arabiensis is the main vector responsible for the transmission of malaria in the country and its control mainly involves application of indoor residual spraying (irs) and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns). | 2015 | 25935845 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of odorant reception genes in the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens. | the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens leconte (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), is a destructive invasive pest of conifers which has become the second most important forest pest nationwide in china. dendroctonus valens is known to use host odors and aggregation pheromones, as well as non-host volatiles, in host location and mass-attack modulation, and thus antennal olfaction is of the utmost importance for the beetles' survival and fitness. however, information on the genes ... | 2015 | 25938508 |
| identification and molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important enzyme in cholinergic synapses. most arthropods have two genes (ace1 and ace2), but only one encodes the predominant synaptic ache, the main target for organophosphates. resistance towards organophosphates is widespread in the marine arthropod lepeophtheirus salmonis. to understand this trait, it is essential to characterize the gene(s) coding for ache(s). the full length cdna sequences encoding two aches in l. salmonis were molecularly characterized i ... | 2015 | 25938836 |
| discovery of novel liver-stage antimalarials through quantum similarity. | without quantum theory any understanding of molecular interactions is incomplete. in principal, chemistry, and even biology, can be fully derived from non-relativistic quantum mechanics. in practice, conventional quantum chemical calculations are computationally too intensive and time consuming to be useful for drug discovery on more than a limited basis. a previously described, original, quantum-based computational process for drug discovery and design bridges this gap between theory and practi ... | 2015 | 25951139 |
| a sporozoite- and liver stage-expressed tryptophan-rich protein plays an auxiliary role in plasmodium liver stage development and is a potential vaccine candidate. | the liver stages of the malaria parasite are clinically silent and constitute ideal targets for causal prophylactic drugs and vaccines. cellular and molecular events responsible for liver stage development are poorly characterized. here, we show that sporozoite, liver stage tryptophan-rich protein (sltrip) forms large multimers. mice immunized with a purified recombinant sltrip protein gave high antibody titers in both inbred and outbred mice. immunized mice showed highly significant levels of p ... | 2015 | 25960542 |
| computational identification of novel micrornas and their targets in the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi. | micrornas are a ~22 nucleotide small non-coding rnas found in animals, plants and viruses. they regulate key cellular processes by enhancing, degrading or silencing protein coding targets. currently most of the data on mirna is available from drosophila . given their important post-transcriptional role in several organisms, there is a need to understand the mirna mediated processes in normal and abnormal conditions. here we report four novel micrornas ast - mir - 2502, ast - mir - 2559, ast - mi ... | 2015 | 25972985 |
| mechanisms of stage-transcending protection following immunization of mice with late liver stage-arresting genetically attenuated malaria parasites. | malaria, caused by plasmodium parasite infection, continues to be one of the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. development of an effective vaccine has been encumbered by the complex life cycle of the parasite that has distinct pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of infection in the mammalian host. historically, malaria vaccine development efforts have targeted each stage in isolation. an ideal vaccine, however, would target multiple life cycle stages with multiple arms of ... | 2015 | 25974076 |
| entomological evaluation of permanet 2.0® and k-o tab 1-2-3® treated nets in comparison to nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin, after repeated washing. | the residual insecticidal power of two types of itns (permanet 2.0® (pn2) and k-o tab 1-2-3® (ko 123)), compared to k-o tab® (ko) treated nets, was assessed. the nets were tested unwashed, and after being washed, by hand 5, 15 and 21 times, respectively. after each wash, the nets were dried vertically on a line, in the shade. two types of bioassays (mean median knock down times (mmkdt) and mortality 24 hours after a 3-minute exposure (%mortality)) were used, along with reared female anopheles st ... | 2015 | 25978624 |
| mutual exclusion of asaia and wolbachia in the reproductive organs of mosquito vectors. | wolbachia is a group of intracellular maternally inherited bacteria infecting a high number of arthropod species. their presence in different mosquito species has been largely described, but aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue virus, has never been found naturally infected by wolbachia. similarly, malaria vectors and other anophelines are normally negative to wolbachia, with the exception of an african population where these bacteria have recently been detected. asaia is an acetic acid bact ... | 2015 | 25981386 |
| mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae). | the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ... | 0 | 25994632 |
| annona muricata leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesis and its larvicidal potential against dengue, malaria and filariasis vector. | mosquitoes transmit several diseases which cause millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic insecticides to control mosquitoes caused diverse effects to the environment, mammals, and high manufacturing cost. the present study was aimed to test the larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using annona muricata plant leaf extract against third instar larvae of three medically important mosquitoes, i.e., aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus. t ... | 2015 | 26002825 |
| micrornas and malaria - a dynamic interaction still incompletely understood. | malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus plasmodium. it remains a major problem affecting humans today, especially children. however, the pathogenesis of malaria, especially severe malaria, remains incompletely understood, hindering our ability to treat this disease. of recent interest is the role that small, non-coding rnas play in the progression, pathogenesis of, and resistance to, malaria. independent studies have now revealed the presence of m ... | 0 | 26005686 |
| green chemistry focus on optimization of silver nanoparticles using response surface methodology (rsm) and mosquitocidal activity: anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | there is an exigent necessity for development of environmental friendly bio-control agent(s) for elimination of mosquito due to increased resistance resurgence against synthetic control agents. mosquito control strategy will lay a strong foundation to malaria exclusion or it can be curbed to certain level especially in the developing nations. in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using tridax procumbens leaf extract as a reducing agent. the reaction med ... | 2015 | 26010566 |
| genome-wide identification of the target genes of ap2-o, a plasmodium ap2-family transcription factor. | stage-specific transcription is a fundamental biological process in the life cycle of the plasmodium parasite. proteins containing the ap2 dna-binding domain are responsible for stage-specific transcriptional regulation and belong to the only known family of transcription factors in plasmodium parasites. comprehensive identification of their target genes will advance our understanding of the molecular basis of stage-specific transcriptional regulation and stage-specific parasite development. ap2 ... | 2015 | 26018192 |
| small-scale evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of alpha-cypermethrin wg (250 g ai/kg) for indoor spraying in comparison with alpha-cypermethrin wp (50 g ai/kg) in india. | indoor residual spraying (irs) with different formulations of insecticides is being used for the control of mosquito vectors in many countries. in the present study, residual efficacy and duration of effectiveness of irs with alpha-cypermethrin wg-sb (250 g ai/m2) formulation was compared with wp formulation (50 g ai/kg) in a small scale (phase ii) field trial. | 2015 | 26022085 |
| differential expression of midgut proteins in trypanosoma brucei gambiense-stimulated vs. non-stimulated glossina palpalis gambiensis flies. | the unicellular pathogenic protozoan trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for the chronic form of sleeping sickness. this vector-borne disease is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly of the group glossina palpalis, including the subspecies g. p. gambiensis, in which the parasite completes its developmental cycle. sleeping sickness control strategies can therefore target either the human host or the fly vector. indeed, suppression of one step in the parasite developmental cycle could ab ... | 2015 | 26029185 |
| plasmodium falciparum genetic crosses in a humanized mouse model. | genetic crosses of phenotypically distinct strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are a powerful tool for identifying genes controlling drug resistance and other key phenotypes. previous studies relied on the isolation of recombinant parasites from splenectomized chimpanzees, a research avenue that is no longer available. here we demonstrate that human-liver chimeric mice support recovery of recombinant progeny for the identification of genetic determinants of parasite trait ... | 2015 | 26030447 |
| germ line transformation and in vivo labeling of nuclei in diptera: report on megaselia abdita (phoridae) and chironomus riparius (chironomidae). | to understand how and when developmental traits of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster originated during the course of insect evolution, similar traits are functionally studied in variably related satellite species. the experimental toolkit available for relevant fly models typically comprises gene expression and loss as well as gain-of-function analyses. here, we extend the set of available molecular tools to piggybac-based germ line transformation in two satellite fly models, megaselia abdit ... | 2015 | 26044750 |
| salinomycin and other ionophores as a new class of antimalarial drugs with transmission-blocking activity. | the drug target profile proposed by the medicines for malaria venture for a malaria elimination/eradication policy focuses on molecules active on both asexual and sexual stages of plasmodium, thus with both curative and transmission-blocking activities. the aim of the present work was to investigate whether the class of monovalent ionophores, which includes drugs used in veterinary medicine and that were recently proposed as human anticancer agents, meets these requirements. the activity of sali ... | 2015 | 26055362 |
| a sensitive, specific and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in field-collected anophelines. | we describe a simple method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in anophelines using a triplex taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (18s rrna). we tested the assay on anopheles darlingi and anopheles stephensi colony mosquitoes fed with plasmodium-infected blood meals and in duplicate on field collected an. darlingi. we compared the real-time pcr results of colony-infected and field collected an. darlingi, separately, to a conventional pcr meth ... | 2015 | 26061150 |
| comparative assessment of transmission-blocking vaccine candidates against plasmodium falciparum. | malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) target the development of plasmodium parasites within the mosquito, with the aim of preventing malaria transmission from one infected individual to another. different vaccine platforms, mainly protein-in-adjuvant formulations delivering the leading candidate antigens, have been developed independently and have reported varied transmission-blocking activities (tba). here, recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus 63, chad63, and modified vaccinia virus ankara ... | 2015 | 26063320 |
| l-arginine supplementation in mice enhances no production in spleen cells and inhibits plasmodium yoelii transmission in mosquitoes. | the life cycle of plasmodium is complex, requiring invasion of two different hosts, humans and mosquitoes. in humans, initiation of an effective th1 response during early infection is critical for the control of parasite multiplication. in mosquitoes, inhibition of the development of sexual-stage parasites interrupts the parasite transmission. in this study, we aim to investigate whether dietary supplementation of l-arginine (l-arg) in mice affects plasmodium yoelii 17xl (py17xl) transmission in ... | 2015 | 26070945 |
| complete dosage compensation in anopheles stephensi and the evolution of sex-biased genes in mosquitoes. | complete dosage compensation refers to hyperexpression of the entire x or z chromosome in organisms with heterogametic sex chromosomes (xy male or zw female) in order to compensate for having only one copy of the x or z chromosome. recent analyses suggest that complete dosage compensation, as in drosophila melanogaster, may not be the norm. there has been no systematic study focusing on dosage compensation in mosquitoes. however, analysis of dosage compensation in anopheles mosquitoes provides o ... | 2015 | 26078263 |
| characterization of anopheles gambiae (african malaria mosquito) ferritin and the effect of iron on intracellular localization in mosquito cells. | ferritin is a 24-subunit molecule, made up of heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) subunits, which stores and controls the release of dietary iron in mammals, plants, and insects. in mosquitoes, dietary iron taken in a bloodmeal is stored inside ferritin. our previous work has demonstrated the transport of dietary iron to the ovaries via ferritin during oogenesis. we evaluated the localization of ferritin subunits inside ccl-125 [aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae), yellow fever mosquit ... | 2015 | 26078302 |
| rhodnius prolixus life history outcomes differ when infected with different trypanosoma cruzi i strains. | the effect of a parasite on the life history of its vector is important for understanding and predicting disease transmission. chagas disease agent trypanosoma cruzi is a generalist parasite that is diverse across scales from its genetic diversity to the 100s of mammal and vector species it infects. its vertebrate hosts show quite variable responses to infection, however, to date there are no studies looking at how t. cruzi variability might result in variable outcomes in its invertebrate host. ... | 2015 | 26078316 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in indian anopheles culicifacies populations. | anopheles culicifacies s.l. is one of the primary vectors of malaria in india responsible for the highest number of malaria cases. this vector is resistant to ddt in most parts of the country with indication of emerging resistance to pyrethroids. since knockdown resistance (kdr) is known to confer cross-resistance between ddt and pyrethroids owing to a common target site of action, knowledge of prevalence of knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles is important from insecticide resistance management p ... | 2015 | 26082160 |
| rna-seq based phylogeny recapitulates previous phylogeny of the genus flaveria (asteraceae) with some modifications. | the genus flaveria has been extensively used as a model to study the evolution of c4 photosynthesis as it contains c3 and c4 species as well as a number of species that exhibit intermediate types of photosynthesis. the current phylogenetic tree of the genus flaveria contains 21 of the 23 known flaveria species and has been previously constructed using a combination of morphological data and three non-coding dna sequences (nuclear encoded ets, its and chloroplast encoded trnl-f). | 2015 | 26084484 |
| analysing the oviposition behaviour of malaria mosquitoes: design considerations for improving two-choice egg count experiments. | choice egg-count bioassays are a popular tool for analysing oviposition substrate preferences of gravid mosquitoes. this study aimed at improving the design of two-choice experiments for measuring oviposition substrates preferences of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae senso lato, a mosquito that lays single eggs. | 2015 | 26088669 |
| phytochemical profile and larvicidal properties of seed essential oil from nigella sativa l. (ranunculaceae), against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | the present study deals with investigation of larvicidal activity and their chemical constituents of the essential oil from the seeds of nigella sativa l. (ranunculaceae). totally, 18 chemical compounds were identified by gc and gc-ms analysis. thymol (19.13 %) and α-phellandrene (14.9 %) were identified as major chemical components followed by camphor (12.14 %), borneol (11.31 %), and carvacrol (8.65 %). the larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. the results reveale ... | 2015 | 26091760 |
| heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture in disease vectors. | interactions between a pathogen and a vector are plastic and dynamic. such interactions can be more rapidly accommodated by epigenetic changes than by genetic mutations. gene expression can be affected by the proximity to the heterochromatin, by local histone modifications, and by the three-dimensional position within the nucleus. recent studies of disease vectors indicate that gene regulation by these factors can be important for susceptibility to pathogens, reproduction, immunity, development, ... | 0 | 26097808 |
| proteomic changes occurring in the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during aging. | the age of mosquitoes is a crucial determinant of their ability to transmit pathogens and their resistance to insecticides. we investigated changes to the abundance of proteins found in heads and thoraces of the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi as they aged. protein expression changes were assessed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and the identity of differentially expressed proteins was determined by using either matrix-assisted laser desorption i ... | 2015 | 26100052 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |
| paratransgenesis: a promising new strategy for mosquito vector control. | the three main mosquito genera, anopheles, aedes and culex, transmit respectively malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis. current mosquito control strategies have proved unsuccessful, and there still is a substantial number of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. genetic control methods have now arisen as promising alternative strategies, based on two approaches: the replacement of a vector population by disease-refractory mosquitoes and the release of mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene ... | 2015 | 26104575 |
| parasite-induced er stress response in hepatocytes facilitates plasmodium liver stage infection. | upon infection of a mammalian host, plasmodium parasites first replicate inside hepatocytes, generating thousands of new parasites. although plasmodium intra-hepatic development represents a substantial metabolic challenge to the host hepatocyte, how infected cells respond to and integrate this stress remains poorly understood. here, we present proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, revealing that the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-resident unfolded protein response (upr) is activated in host hepato ... | 2015 | 26113366 |
| chemical composition, larvicidal and repellency properties of cionura erecta (l.) griseb. against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | application of plant derivatives have been suggested as alternative sources for mosquito control. | 2014 | 26114128 |
| mosquito fauna (diptera: culicidae) of hamedan county, western iran. | this study aimed to identify and determine the larval and adult mosquitoes (culicidae) fauna in hamedan county, western iran. | 2014 | 26114135 |
| susceptibility of culicidae mosquitoes to some insecticides recommended by who in a malaria endemic area of southeastern iran. | according to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the culicidae mosquitoes to the who-recommended insecticides in an endemic focus of malaria in southeastern iran. | 2014 | 26114141 |
| species composition and seasonal activities of malaria vectors in an area at reintroduction prevention stage, khuzestan, south-western iran. | the most part of iran become malaria-free region and fall in prevention of re-introduction stage. these regions however are struggling with imported of malaria cases where malaria vectors exist. therefore, understanding the situation of mosquito vectors is crucial. this study was carried out to find out the present situation of malaria vectors and malaria transmission potential in a malaria-free area. | 2014 | 26114144 |
| resistance mechanisms of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to temephos. | anopheles stephensi is a sub-tropical species and has been considered as one of the most important vector of human malaria throughout the middle east and south asian region including the malarious areas of southern iran. current reports confirmed an. stephensi resistance to temephos in oman and india. however, there is no comprehensive research on mechanisms of temephos resistance in an. stephensi in the literature. this study was designed in order to clarify the enzymatic and molecular mechanis ... | 2014 | 26114145 |
| biological activities and composition of ferulago carduchorum essential oil. | ferulago carduchorum boiss and hausskn belongs to the apiaceae family. this plant grows in west part of iran that local people added it to dairy and oil ghee to delay expiration date and give them a pleasant taste. the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic, larvicidal activities and composition of essential oil of f. carduchorum. | 2014 | 26114148 |
| assessment of sublethal and transgenerational effects of pirimicarb on the wheat aphids rhopalosiphum padi and sitobion avenae. | the wheat aphids, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) and sitobion avenae (fabricius), are key pests on wheat crops worldwide. management practices rely primarily on insecticides. the pirimicarb (carbamate) is used extensively as an effective insecticide to control these two aphids. in addition to the mortality caused by pirimicarb, various sublethal effects may occur in aphids when exposed to low lethal or sublethal doses. understanding the general effect of pirimicarb on aphids could help increasing ... | 2015 | 26121265 |
| mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of senna occidentalis (cassiae) and ocimum basilicum (lamiaceae) from maruthamalai hills against anopheles stephensi and plasmodium falciparum. | each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting to more than 1 million deaths. in this study, we evaluated the larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity of senna occidentalis and ocimum basilicum leaf extracts against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against chloroquine (cq)-resistant (cq-r) and cq-sensitive (cq-s) strains of plasmodium falciparum. in larvicidal and pupicidal experiment ... | 2015 | 26122992 |
| cassia fistula linn: potential candidate in the health management. | cassia fistula linn is known as golden shower has therapeutics importance in health care since ancient times. research findings over the last two decade have confirmed the therapeutics consequence of c. fistula in the health management via modulation of biological activities due to the rich source of antioxidant. several findings based on the animal model have confirmed the pharmacologically safety and efficacy and have opened a new window for human health management. this review reveals additio ... | 0 | 26130932 |
| insecticidal potential of ocimum canum plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larval and adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making their control increasingly difficult. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable natural control. this study evaluates the toxic potential of ocimum canum (sims) leaf extract and powder against anopheles stephensi (liston), aedes aegypti (lin) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) larval and adult mosquitoes. larval mortality was observed after 24 h recovery period and adult smoke toxicity observed for 40 min d ... | 2016 | 26135241 |
| evaluation of the impact of codon optimization and n-linked glycosylation on functional immunogenicity of pfs25 dna vaccines delivered by in vivo electroporation in preclinical studies in mice. | plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. immunization with dna vaccines encoding pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. the goal of the studies reported here was to system ... | 2015 | 26135972 |
| insecticidal potency of aspergillus terreus against larvae and pupae of three mosquito species anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. | microbial control agents offer alternatives to chemical pest control, as they can be more selective than chemical insecticides. the present study evaluates the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal potential of fungus mycelia using ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts produced by aspergillus terreus against anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. the a. terreus mycelia were extracted after 15 days from sabouraud dextrose broth medium. the ethyl acetate extracts showed ... | 2015 | 26139412 |
| comparability between insecticide resistance bioassays for mosquito vectors: time to review current methodology? | insecticides play an integral role in the control of mosquito-borne diseases. with resistance to insecticides on the rise, surveillance of the target population for optimal choice of insecticides is a necessity. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) bottle assay and the world health organization (who) susceptibility test are the most frequently used methods in insecticide resistance monitoring. however, the two bioassays differ in terms of insecticide delivery and how insecticide ... | 2015 | 26148484 |
| topographical distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in an area under elimination programme in the south of iran. | malaria is a major vector-borne disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries caused by plasmodium infection. it is one the most important health problem in south and southeast of iran. since iran has recently launched to the elimination phase of malaria and vector control is one of the main strategies for elimination, this study was conducted to determine the topographical distribution of malaria vectors in minab county, one of the important malaria endemic areas in south of iran. | 2015 | 26148647 |
| immune response and insulin signalling alter mosquito feeding behaviour to enhance malaria transmission potential. | malaria parasites alter mosquito feeding behaviour in a way that enhances parasite transmission. this is widely considered a prime example of manipulation of host behaviour to increase onward transmission, but transient immune challenge in the absence of parasites can induce the same behavioural phenotype. here, we show that alterations in feeding behaviour depend on the timing and dose of immune challenge relative to blood ingestion and that these changes are functionally linked to changes in i ... | 2015 | 26153094 |
| evaluation of silver nanoparticles toxicity of arachis hypogaea peel extracts and its larvicidal activity against malaria and dengue vectors. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) were successfully synthesised from aqueous silver nitrate using the extracts of arachis hypogaea peels. the synthesised snps were characterized by fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy analysis and high-resonance scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. agnps were well defined and measured 20 to 50 nm in size. the nanoparticles were crystallized with a face-centered cubic s ... | 2015 | 26154036 |
| bacterial infection and immune responses in lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly larvae midgut. | the midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease is crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. depending on the aspects of their development, insects can acquire microbes present in soil, water, and plants. sand flies are major vectors of leishmaniasis, and shown to harbor a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. sand fly larval stages acquire microorganisms from the soil, and the abundance and distribution of ... | 2015 | 26154607 |
| transcriptomic analysis of musca domestica to reveal key genes of the prophenoloxidase-activating system. | the propo system regulates melanization in arthropods. however, the genes that are involved in the propo system in housefly musca domestica remain unclear. thus, this study analyzed the combined transcriptome obtained from m. domestica larvae, pupae, and adults that were either normal or bacteria-challenged by an escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus mixture. a total of 54,821,138 clean reads (4.93 gb) were yielded by illumina sequencing, which were de novo assembled into 89,842 unigenes. o ... | 2015 | 26156588 |
| unraveling dual feeding associated molecular complexity of salivary glands in the mosquito anopheles culicifacies. | mosquito salivary glands are well known to facilitate meal acquisition, however the fundamental question on how adult female salivary gland manages molecular responses during sugar versus blood meal uptake remains unanswered. to investigate these responses, we analyzed a total of 58.5 million raw reads generated from two independent rnaseq libraries of the salivary glands collected from 3-4 day-old sugar and blood fed anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. comprehensive functional annotation analysi ... | 2015 | 26163527 |
| plasmodium falciparum suppresses the host immune response by inducing the synthesis of insulin-like peptides (ilps) in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | the insulin-like peptides (ilps) and their respective signaling and regulatory pathways are highly conserved across phyla. in invertebrates, ilps regulate diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction, behavior, and immunity. we previously reported that blood feeding alone induced minimal changes in ilp expression in anopheles stephensi. however, ingestion of a blood meal containing human insulin or plasmodium falciparum, which can mimic insulin signaling, leads to signific ... | 2015 | 26165161 |
| reversible conformational change in the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein masks its adhesion domains. | the extended rod-like plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) is comprised of three primary domains: a charged n terminus that binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans, a central nanp repeat domain, and a c terminus containing a thrombospondin-like type i repeat (tsr) domain. only the last two domains are incorporated in rts,s, the leading malaria vaccine in phase 3 trials that, to date, protects about 50% of vaccinated children against clinical disease. a seroepidemiological study indic ... | 2015 | 26169272 |
| existing infection facilitates establishment and density of malaria parasites in their mosquito vector. | very little is known about how vector-borne pathogens interact within their vector and how this impacts transmission. here we show that mosquitoes can accumulate mixed strain malaria infections after feeding on multiple hosts. we found that parasites have a greater chance of establishing and reach higher densities if another strain is already present in a mosquito. mixed infections contained more parasites but these larger populations did not have a detectable impact on vector survival. together ... | 2015 | 26181518 |
| blood-feeding behaviors of anopheles stephensi but not phlebotomus papatasi are influenced by actively warming guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) under general anesthesia. | animal models are often used to study hematophagous insect feeding behavior and evaluate products such as topical repellents. however, when these models are used the study animals often experience significant drops in core body temperature because of the effects of anesthesia. this study used a guinea pig model to investigate whether maintaining a normothermic core body temperature during anesthesia influenced the rate of anopheles stephensi and phlebotomus papatasi blood feeding. experiments we ... | 2015 | 26181690 |
| the efficacy of chinese medicinal herbs towards grape phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch) (hemiptera, phylloxeridae). | bio-insecticidal effects of seven chinese medicinal herbs on mortality, fecundity, developmental periods and life table parameters of the grape phylloxera were investigated. in an excised root bioassay experiment aqueous extracts from seven chinese medicinal herbs increased grape phylloxera first instar mortality (26.00-38.50%) compared to other instars. the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), fecundity rate and net reproductive rate (r0) were significantly reduced by a ... | 2015 | 26186216 |
| macrolides rapidly inhibit red blood cell invasion by the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | malaria invasion of red blood cells involves multiple parasite-specific targets that are easily accessible to inhibitory compounds, making it an attractive target for antimalarial development. however, no current antimalarial agents act against host cell invasion. | 2015 | 26187647 |
| developmental succession of the microbiome of culex mosquitoes. | the native microflora associated with mosquitoes have important roles in mosquito development and vector competence. sequencing of bacterial v3 region from 16s rrna genes across the developmental stages of culex mosquitoes (early and late larval instars, pupae and adults) was used to test the hypothesis that bacteria found in the larval stage of culex are transstadially transmitted to the adult stage, and to compare the microbiomes of field-collected versus laboratory-reared mosquitoes. | 2015 | 26205080 |
| plasmodium falciparum full life cycle and plasmodium ovale liver stages in humanized mice. | experimental studies of plasmodium parasites that infect humans are restricted by their host specificity. humanized mice offer a means to overcome this and further provide the opportunity to observe the parasites in vivo. here we improve on previous protocols to achieve efficient double engraftment of tk-nog mice by human primary hepatocytes and red blood cells. thus, we obtain the complete hepatic development of p. falciparum, the transition to the erythrocytic stages, their subsequent multipli ... | 2015 | 26205537 |
| long-term live imaging reveals cytosolic immune responses of host hepatocytes against plasmodium infection and parasite escape mechanisms. | plasmodium parasites are transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes to the mammalian host and actively infect hepatocytes after passive transport in the bloodstream to the liver. in their target host hepatocyte, parasites reside within a parasitophorous vacuole (pv). in the present study it was shown that the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm) can be targeted by autophagy marker proteins lc3, ubiquitin, and sqstm1/p62 as well as by lysosomes in a process resembling selective autophagy. the dynamics ... | 0 | 26208778 |
| plasmodium transmission blocking activities of vernonia amygdalina extracts and isolated compounds. | medicinal plants are a validated source for discovery of new leads and standardized herbal medicines. the aim of this study was to assess the activity of vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts and isolated compounds against gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei and to validate the findings on field isolates of plasmodium falciparum. | 2015 | 26208861 |
| host-pathogen interactions in malaria: cross-kingdom signaling and mitochondrial regulation. | malaria parasite-host interactions are complex and have confounded available drugs and the development of vaccines. further, we now appreciate that interventions for malaria elimination and eradication must include therapeutics with intrinsic transmission blocking activity to treat the patient and prevent disease spread. studies over the past 15 years have revealed significant conservation in the response to infection in mosquito and human hosts. more recently, we have recognized that conserved ... | 2015 | 26210301 |
| cd68 acts as a major gateway for malaria sporozoite liver infection. | after being delivered by the bite from an infected mosquito, plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood circulation and infect the liver. previous evidence suggests that kupffer cells, a macrophage-like component of the liver blood vessel lining, are traversed by sporozoites to initiate liver invasion. however, the molecular determinants of sporozoite-kupffer cell interactions are unknown. understanding the molecular basis for this specific recognition may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to con ... | 2015 | 26216124 |
| the plasmodium berghei translocon of exported proteins reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of tubular extensions. | the erythrocyte is an extraordinary host cell for intracellular pathogens and requires extensive remodelling to become permissive for infection. malaria parasites modify their host red blood cells through protein export to acquire nutrients and evade immune responses. endogenous fluorescent tagging of three signature proteins of the plasmodium berghei translocon of exported proteins (ptex), heat shock protein 101, exported protein 2 (exp2), and ptex88, revealed motile, tubular extensions of the ... | 2015 | 26219962 |
| seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against plasmodium falciparum and its vector anopheles stephensi? | malaria, the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million people each year. eco-friendly control tools against malaria vectors are urgently needed. this research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnp) using a cheap seaweed extract of ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. agnp were characterized by uv-vis spectrophotometry, fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx), scan ... | 2015 | 26227141 |
| plant-borne ovicides in the fight against mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance: a systematic review. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are a huge threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. culicidae control is of crucial importance. mosquito eggs, larvae, and pupae are usually targeted using organophosphates, insect growth regulators, and microbial agents. indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. however, these chemicals have negative effects on human health and the environment, and induce resista ... | 2015 | 26239801 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| forced egg retention and oviposition behavior of malaria, dengue and filariasis vectors to a topical repellent diethyl-phenylacetamide. | egg retention and oviposition behavior of four species of mosquito vectors viz., anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus to a topical insect repellent diethyl-phenylacetamide (depa) at 0.1-1000 mg/l was investigated under laboratory conditions. based on oviposition activity indices, depa demonstrated concentration dependent oviposition deterrent effect to a. stephensi (-0.18 to -0.97), a. aegypti (-0.18 to -0.91) and a. albopictus (-0.50 to -0.98) females ... | 2015 | 26245028 |
| controlled human malaria infection by intramuscular and direct venous inoculation of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in malaria-naïve volunteers: effect of injection volume and dose on infectivity rates. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum malaria. however, only a small number of research centres have the facilities required to perform such studies. chmi by needle and syringe could help to accelerate the development of anti-malaria interventions by enabling centres worldwide to employ chmi. | 2015 | 26245196 |
| effect of chloroxylon swietenia dc bark extracts against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi larvae. | mosquitoes are the vector of more diseases and cause major health problems like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and lymphatic filariasis. this article deals with the mosquito larvicidal activity of chloroxylon swietenia dc bark extracts against late third instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi. methanolic crude extract of ch. swietenia bark was obtained by soxhlet apparatus and aqueous crude extract by cold percolation method. the range of concentrations of ... | 2015 | 26246308 |