Publications

elevated plasma interleukin 8 in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.		1995	8584330
suspension culture of hela cells in protein-free medium: sensitivity to human pathogenic viruses.	human adherent hela-pf cells grown for 5 years in a protein-free 1:1 nutrient mixture of dulbecco's modified mem and ham's f12 (dmem-f12) were established in suspension culture. the cells grew in protein-free dmem-f12 (using magnetically stirred flasks) as a monodisperse suspension with a population doubling time of 28 h. the cells were infected with poliovirus types 2 and 3, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), echovirus 6 and adenoviruses 3 a ...	1994	8586536
detection of respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization with a dna enzyme immunoassay.	nasal aspirates from 238 infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the winter of 1994 and 1995 were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and the viral isolation technique (vit) and by two pcr and hybridization methods: reverse transcription pcr 1 (rt-pcr1), which amplifies the rnas of all rsv strains, and rt-pcr-2, which allows subgroup classification of rsv. rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 detected viral sequences in 56.7% (135 of 238) and 48. ...	1995	8586738
mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cofactor in severe respiratory infections.	we report the clinical events associated with severe bacterial or viral infections in four patients whose illnesses followed or coincided with acute mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection. we propose that m. pneumoniae has the ability to act as a cofactor in severe respiratory disease by facilitating alterations in local respiratory immunity or structure and function.	1995	8589140
early-onset respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.	a 41-year-old woman with follicular lymphoma developed sporadic respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia shortly after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched sibling. rsv pneumonia is potentially fatal in immunosuppressed patients, but she improved along with the recovery of bone marrow function without specific treatment. early recovery of myelosuppression supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may have helped to control rsv pneumonia.	1995	8589364
the laboratory evaluation of opportunistic pulmonary infections.	the patient population at risk for opportunistic pulmonary infections has increased during the last decade. the spectrum of organisms causing opportunistic infections has also grown. with an ever broader list of potential diagnosis, a specific diagnosis of the cause of pulmonary disease becomes more important. recent microbiologic advances have helped to facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of some of these agents. immunoassays are available for the detection of antigen in nasopharyngeal secretio ...	1996	8597323
from the food and drug administration.		1996	8598604
rsv infection complicating the therapy of pediatric malignancies: report of six cases.	we describe a series of six patients with symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections while receiving anticancer chemotherapy. particularly during epidemics in the general population, rsv remains a potential cause for morbidity and even mortality among children immunocompromised through the administration of anticancer chemotherapy and especially those being transplanted. we emphasize the importance of rapid diagnostics as well as prevention of the spread of the virus in a pediatric ...	1996	8600339
respiratory infection and iatrogenic diarrhea in honduras and el salvador during the 1991-1992 season.	the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection and its association with diarrhea was analyzed in 135 hospitalized children less than three years of age with mainly respiratory symptoms in two pediatric hospitals in honduras and el salvador. etiologic diagnoses were performed on nasopharyngeal samples by tissue culture and immunofluorescence, including a search for the presence of respiratory virus-specific immunoglobulin a antibodies. fecal samples were subjected to electron microscopy and ti ...	1996	8600762
[respiratory syncytial virus-infections].		1995	8602962
live subgroup b respiratory syncytial virus vaccines that are attenuated, genetically stable, and immunogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates.	optimal immunization of neonates against disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) probably will require multiple doses of a vaccine containing viruses of both subgroups a and b. live subgroup b rsv mutants were generated containing multiple attenuating mutations, ts (temperature-sensitive) and non-ts (host range), that were introduced by prolonged passage in cell culture or by chemical mutagenesis. the cold-passaged (cp)-52 mutant was restricted in replication compared to wild type vi ...	1996	8603960
respiratory syncytial virus g-protein modulates cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and adults. in vivo the host has to cope with intact replicative virus, with non-replicative virus, and/or with viral structural proteins including the outer membrane g-protein. we analyzed the role of purified rsv g-protein with regard to its modulatory efficacy for interleukin (il) -10, il-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pb ...	1996	8604019
complement fixing antibodies to respiratory viruses in children in jos, nigeria.	one-hundred serum samples obtained from children in jos were tested for the presence of complement fixing antibodies against several respiratory viruses. sixty-two per cent of the samples were positive for adenoviruses, 53 per cent for para-influenza viruses, 47 and 41 per cent for influenza a and b, respectively, 31 per cent for respiratory syncytial virus, 29 per cent for coronaviruses, and 19 per cent for reoviruses.	1995	8606436
mapping the domains on the phosphoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus required for n-p interaction using a two-hybrid system.	specific interactions between the nucleocapsid protein (n) and the phosphoprotein (p) of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) have been investigated using a yeast-based two-hybrid system. plasmids encoding the yeast gal4 dna binding domain fused with the n gene and gal4 activation domain fused with the p gene were cotransfected into competent yeast cells. the ability of the n and p proteins to interact in vivo was measured by activation of the lacz reporter gene by the gal4 transactivation ...	1996	8609467
interleukin-11: stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness.	to address the role of il-11 in viral airways dysfunction, we determined whether infectious agents that exacerbate asthma stimulate stromal cell il-11 production, determined whether il-11 could be detected at sites of viral infection and evaluated the effects of il-11 on airway physiology. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), and rhinovirus (rv) 14 were potent stimulators while cytomegalovirus and adenovirus only weakly stimulated and herpes simplex virus type 2 ...	1996	8613544
protective role of tnf-alpha in respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes substantial morbidity in young children and immunocompromised adults, yet its pathogenesis is poorly understood. because the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) may be important in host response to viral infection, hep-2 cells were treated with tnf-alpha and mice were given tnf-alpha antibody before rsv infection. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with tnf-alpha inhibited rsv replication as determined by cytopathic effect. ...	1996	8615393
cytokine production by cultured human bronchial epithelial cells infected with a replication-deficient adenoviral gene transfer vector or wild-type adenovirus type 5.	exposure of animals to adenoviral gene transfer vectors has been associated with respiratory tract inflammation. the pathogenesis of this inflammation is unclear. one hypothesis is that viral vectors directly induce production of inflammatory cytokines by host cells in the airways. we exposed cultured human lung cells to an adenovirus-5--based vector containing the cytomegalovirus promoter and lacz reporter gene (ad.cmv.lacz) and to wild-type adenovirus 5 (wtad5) and measured subsequent release ...	1996	8624246
impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on mortality in england and wales from january 1975 to december 1990.	the effects of influenza a and b and rsv on mortality in england and wales were assessed by regression analysis for the period 1975-90. morbidity data from sentinel practices were used to calculate 4-weekly rates of aggregated upper respiratory tract infections (urti); phls laboratory reports were used as indices of infection, and 4-weekly death rates from all causes, excluding childbirths, were used to study relationships with mortality. deaths correlated strongly with influenza a and b reports ...	1996	8626004
antigenic and immunogenic analysis of group a and group b respiratory syncytial virus g proteins expressed from recombinant baculoviruses.	the attachment glycoprotein g plays a major role in the antigenic variability of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. we have expressed from recombinant baculoviruses antigenic group a and group b rs virus g proteins (designated bacag for the group a and bacbg for the group b virus g protein). the insect cell-produced g proteins migrated more rapidly in sds-page as compared to hep-2 cell derived g proteins owing to glycosylation differences. antigenicity was tested by immunofluorescence; five or fi ...	1996	8627252
a point mutation in the f1 subunit of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein blocks its cell surface transport at an early stage of the exocytic pathway.	vaccinia virus recombinants expressing either wild-type or mutant forms of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus (long strain) fusion (f) glycoprotein were obtained. proteolytic processing of the precursor, f0, and cell surface transport of the f glycoprotein were unaffected in the recombinants, except in those that contained the replacement phe --> ser at position 237 of the f1 subunit. in recombinants containing this mutation, either alone or in combination with others, the traffic of the f m ...	1996	8627253
inducible translational regulation of the nf-il6 transcription factor by respiratory syncytial virus infection in pulmonary epithelial cells.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common etiologic agent of epidemic pediatric respiratory disease, infects and replicates in the human airway epithelium, resulting in the induction of cellular gene products essential for immune and inflammatory responses. we describe the effect of rsv infection on nuclear factor-il6 (nf-il6) expression, a human basic domain-leucine zipper-containing transcription factor that alone in combination with other inducible transcription factors regulates the ...	1996	8627674
respiratory synctial virus infection in balb/c mice previously immunized with formalin-inactivated virus induces enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response with a predominant th2-like cytokine pattern.	vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) caused excessive disease in infants upon subsequent natural infection with rsv. recent studies with balb/c mice have suggested that t cells are important contributors to lung immunopathology during rsv infection. in this study, we investigated vaccine-induced enhanced disease by immunizing balb/c mice with live rsv intranasally or with fi-rsv intramuscularly. the mice were challenged with rsv 6 weeks later, and the pulmon ...	1996	8627759
evaluation of who monoclonal antibody kit for diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections.	in 1990 and 1991, six laboratories located in the who western pacific region (wpr) and south east asian region (sear) were selected, based on their experience in the immunofluorescence antibody technique (ifat), to participate in the evaluation of a who monoclonal antibody (mab) kit to detect respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. despite differences in the initial standardization procedures, the who monoclonal antibodies were ...	1995	8629057
validation of a nutritional screen in children with respiratory syncytial virus admitted to an intensive care complex.	we sought to validate a nutritional screen that was easy to perform and accurate in identifying pediatric patients at risk for adverse clinical outcomes based on their nutritional status.	1996	8632943
decreasing hospital admissions for childhood asthma in sweden.		1996	8640035
mxa protein in infants and children with respiratory tract infection.	mxa protein--a stable product of cells stimulated by type i interferons--was examined prospectively for its ability to discriminate between viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections (rtis) in 182 infants and children. the nasopharyngeal secretions (npss) of all of them were tested for mxa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and the whole blood of 92. seventy-three children undergoing elective surgery served as controls. these apparently healthy children had higher levels of s ...	1996	8640043
influenza and respiratory syncytial virus surveillance.		1994	8640280
fatal pneumonia in adult dairy cattle associated with active infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.		1996	8640646
concern about vaccine study.		1996	8641937
an integrated strategy for structural characterization of the protein and carbohydrate components of monoclonal antibodies: application to anti-respiratory syncytial virus mab.	the relatively rapid and extensive characterization of the amino acid sequence and site-specific carbohydrate structures of a recombinant, reshaped human monoclonal antibody directed against respiratory syncytial virus (rshz19) is presented. the integrated strategy used a combination of mass spectrometric and conventional methodologies. liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry was used for peptide mapping and selective identification of glycopeptides, and edman degradation and tandem ...	1995	8644914
detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in the lungs of guinea pigs 6 weeks after experimental infection and despite of the production of neutralizing antibodies.	infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are characterized by frequently occurring reinfections and are regarded to be responsible for bronchial hyperreactivity. in this report we describe a small-animal model suited to study rsv-induced pathogenesis and immune response. guinea pigs are infected by inhalation of an rsv-aerosol. lungs of infected animals show signs of a bronchiolitis at 7 days after the initial infection. although neutralizing serum antibodies are synthesized viral prote ...	1996	8645083
respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. roles of cd18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children precipitate acute episodes of respiratory obstruction that are associated with influx of inflammatory cells into the airway. since rsv can induce the expression of adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), by the respiratory epithelium, the hypothesis has been proposed that icam-1 expression contributes to airway inflammation by supporting adhesion and retention of infiltrating inflammatory leukocytes. to ...	1996	8648124
detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae by two polymerase chain reactions and role of m. pneumoniae in acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients.	mycoplasma pneumoniae and viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in children were studied during the winter of 1992-1993 in antwerp, belgium. m. pneumoniae was diagnosed in nasopharyngeal aspirates by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). for this, amplification of a fragment of the pi adhesin gene in samples prepared by two methods was compared in two laboratories, and in one laboratory, a fragment of the 16s rrna gene was amplified. the sensitivity of culture versus pcr was 61.5% ...	1996	8648218
polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses. part 2. polymerized anionic surfactants derived from amino acids and dipeptides.	a series of new polyanions was synthesized via gamma-polymerization, in aqueous micellar solution, of omega-unsaturated anionic surfactants whose polar head was derived from amino acids or dipeptides. the obtained polyanions were evaluated for their activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1, hiv-2) and various other rna and dna viruses. all the test compounds proved active against hiv-1 and hiv-2, their 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) being in the range of 0.04-7.5 micrograms/ml, ...	1996	8648602
management of severe bronchiolitis: indications for ventilator support.	bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in children. we reviewed our experience of children under one year presenting to an intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis in order to determine if ethnicity, prematurity, arterial carbon dioxide tension or nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for respiratory syncytial virus were related to the need for ventilator assistance.	1996	8649668
[quick diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection].	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in children, and the infection spreads rapidly in hospitals. it is therefore important to diagnose the disease quickly. we have examined two quick tests for detecting rsv-antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates: directigen rsv (becton dickinson, md, usa) and testpack rsv (abbott laboratories, chicago, il, usa). both tests are based on the enzyme immunoassay (eia) principle. the results were compared with a method u ...	1996	8650634
severe respiratory disease in dairy cows caused by infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	outbreaks of severe respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were recorded in dairy herds throughout sweden in 1988 and subsequently. the virus was demonstrated in nasopharyngeal swab material from animals in the acute stage of the disease by culture, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and by immunofluorescence. serological data from the herds investigated showed that the cows had seroconverted to brsv rather than to bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhoea viru ...	1996	8650902
preclinical pharmacokinetic evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific reshaped human monoclonal antibody rshz19.	a preclinical evaluation of rshz19, a respiratory syncytial virus-specific reshaped human monoclonal antibody (igg1 framework), has included pharmacokinetic studies in rats, adult cynomolgus macaques, and infant baboons after intravenous (iv), subcutaneous, or intramuscular (im) administration. after iv administration to rats and monkeys (1 mg/kg dose), a biphasic decline in plasma concentration was observed. the dominant terminal phase was characterized by an 11-day half-life in rats and a 21- ...	1995	8654189
evaluation of direct immunofluorescence, dot-blot enzyme immunoassay, and shell-vial culture for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in patients with bronchiolitis.		1995	8654442
anti-respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibodies show promise in the treatment and prophylaxis of viral disease.		1995	8654682
community-based respiratory viral infections in hiv positive patients with lower respiratory tract disease: a prospective bronchoscopic study.	to evaluate the contribution of community-based respiratory virus infections to lower respiratory tract disease in hiv-1 infected individuals.	1996	8655183
deprivation and bronchiolitis.	to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of admission with clinically suspected bronchiolitis.	1996	8660048
undetectable ige responses after respiratory syncytial virus infection.	sequential nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 81 infants from one day to three months after admission to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. samples from 21 infants were assayed for anti-rsv ige in an antigen capture elisa assay. no ige antibodies were detected although an assay of iga antibodies carried out in parallel by a similar technique detected iga antibodies in the secretions of all patients tested. neither prior absorption of iga or igg, concentration o ...	1996	8660074
use of tilmicosin in a severe outbreak of respiratory disease in weaned beef calves.	severe respiratory disease, associated with seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncitial virus (brsv), caused the death of two cattle and necessitated antibiotic treatment of 70 calves (rectal temperature of 39.6 degrees c or greater) from a group of 96 (73%) during an 8-day period. tilmicosin injection resulted in a reduction in median rectal temperature from 40.3 degrees c to 39.2 degrees c and 39.0 degrees c for the first and second days after treatment. the rectal temperature was 39.5 degr ...	1996	8660201
host cell effect upon glycosylation and antigenicity of human respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein.	infection of different human epithelial cell lines with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) revealed significant differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the viral attachment glycoprotein (g). cell-type specific differences in g protein glycosylation were observed with certain lectins and sugar-specific reagents. furthermore, substantial changes in the reactivity of the g glycoprotein with anti-g monoclonal antibodies were associated to the infected cell type. strain-specific epitopes ...	1996	8661440
respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: a review.	this paper reviews recent changes in morbidity and mortality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants with congenital heart disease. mortality since the late 1970s has declined substantially, from approximately 37% to 3%. although the frequency of admission to intensive care units has declined from approximately 60% to 30%, the frequency for mechanical ventilatory support has not changed significantly. because mortality dropped prior to the widespread use of ribavirin, it is dif ...	1996	8662029
serum respiratory virus antibodies: predictor of reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (fev1) in norwegian adults.	the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether the presence of serum complement antibodies was associated with reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (fev1) in adults.	1996	8666481
respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections in the immunocompromised host.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) are common causes of respiratory infections in immunocompetent children under the age of 6 years. these viruses belong to a family of enveloped single-stranded rna viruses, the paramyxoviruses. the clinical manifestations in the normal host range from mild illness to severe croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. after the age of 6 years, reinfections occur, but are characterized by diminishing frequency and severity. in contrast to th ...	1995	8668850
"childhood" viruses as a cause of pneumonia in adults.	respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity in childhood. except in the child with immunodeficiency, the common respiratory viruses rarely pose a serious threat to life. because infection with most of these viruses in childhood is nearly universal and usually bestows partial immunity, the "childhood respiratory viruses" are not generally thought of as being a cause of disease in adults. however, adults who work around children, who are frequently exposed to other adults and children with ...	1995	8668851
vaccines in the prevention of viral pneumonia.	vaccines to control respiratory virus infections have been limited to inactivated whole virus or split virus product of influenza. over the last few years, advances in the understanding of immunity to and importance of these infections has led to the development of newer, more immunogenic inactivated influenza vaccines and to the exploration of live attenuated influenza vaccines. in parallel, both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viru ...	1995	8668856
cytologic manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a case report.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially bone marrow transplant recipients, is associated with high mortality. early diagnosis in these cases is important because antiviral therapy with ribavirin is effective in reducing mortality.	1996	8669193
evidence that the amino acid region 124-203 of glycoprotein g from the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) constitutes a major part of the polypeptide domain that is involved in the protection against rsv infection.	the first 230 residues of the 298-amino acid glycoprotein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are sufficient to confer complete resistance to challenge with live rsv, whereas the first 180 residues completely failed (olmsted et al. (1989) j. virol. 63, 411-420). the characterization of a protective epitope corresponding to the amino acid region 174-187 of the g protein (trudel et al. (1991) virology 185, 749-757) suggests that interruption of this region in the 180 residue truncated polypepti ...	1995	8669890
[progresses in pediatrics in china, 1995].		1995	8681083
[an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis among infants in northern israel].	in the wake of a community outbreak of bronchiolitis in northern israel from december 1993 to march 1994, we conducted a retrospective study of 108 infants aged 2 weeks to 14 months with proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection (diagnosed by a rapid rsv antigen test in nasopharyngeal secretions). 47% of the infants were less than 8 weeks old. mean hospital stay was 6.6 days (range 1-60). the characteristic clinical findings were: cough in all patients, dyspnea in 96%, rhinitis in 95% a ...	1996	8682391
mutant forms of the f protein of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus induce a cytotoxic t lymphocyte response but not a neutralizing antibody response and only transient resistance to rs virus infection.	vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing either wild-type (va-f) or mutant forms (va-ft, va-fr47, va-fs1 to va-fs6) of the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were examined for their ability to elicit antibody, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and protection against rs virus infection in balb/c mice. cells infected with the va-f and va-ft recombinants expressed the f protein on their surface and mice vaccinated with these recombinants developed rs virus neutralizing antibodies ...	1996	8683212
proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein g of respiratory syncytial virus.	protein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an envelope glycoprotein that is structurally very different from its counterparts (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) in other paramyxoviruses. in this study, we put forward a model for this unique viral envelope protein. we propose that protein g of rsv contains several independently folding regions, with the ectodomain consisting of a conserved central hydrophobic region located between two polymeric mucin-like regions. the centr ...	1996	8683213
purified fusion protein vaccine protects against lower respiratory tract illness during respiratory syncytial virus season in children with cystic fibrosis.	to test in a double blind, placebo-controlled study a purified fusion protein (pfp-2) vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in rsv-seropositive children with cystic fibrosis (cf).	1996	8684872
type-specific serologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection, based on a synthetic peptide of the attachment protein g.	peptides deduced from the central hydrophobic region (residues 158-189) of the g protein of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and of human rsv subtypes a and b were synthesized. these peptides were used to develop elisas to measure specifically antibodies against these types and subtypes of rsv. we have evaluated the bovine rsv-g peptide in both an indirect elisa and in a blocking elisa. specificity and sensitivity, relative to a routine diagnostic elisa that detects antibodies ...	1996	8699029
intranasal monoclonal iga antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants, is thought to infect the upper airways before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. a rhesus monkey model of rsv infection after upper airway inoculation was used to test the protective effect of intranasal treatment with hnk20, a mouse monoclonal iga antibody against rsv f glycoprotein. hnk20 was administered once daily for 2 days before rsv challenge and 4 days after challenge. treatment with ...	1996	8699052
induction of interleukin (il)-8 gene expression by respiratory syncytial virus involves activation of nuclear factor (nf)-kappa b and nf-il-6.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects respiratory epithelium and is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. rsv induces the production of interleukin (il)-8 in airway epithelial cells; however, the mechanism of this induction is not known. to define the mechanism by which rsv induces il-8 gene activation, a549 epithelial cells were transfected with plasmids containing serial deletions of the 5'-flanking region of the il-8 gene and then expos ...	1996	8699053
approaching the rsv season with a nursing plan of action.	as the statistics show with year-in, year-out regularity, during november through march in the united states, approximately 90,000 infants and young children will be hospitalized with a severe lower respiratory infection attributable to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this virus, discovered only as recently as 1956, appears to be ubiquitous, infecting virtually 100% of children by age 4. for most of them the resulting illness will be mild and easily vanquished by an intact immune system. ...	1995	8700601
peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (f) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion.	the synthetic peptides dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), derived from separate domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmembrane (tm) protein, gp4l, are stable and potent inhibitors of hiv-1 infection and fusion. using a computer searching strategy (computerized antiviral searching technology, c.a.s.t.) based on the predicted secondary structure of dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), we have identified conserved heptad repeat domains analogous to the dp-107 and dp-178 regions of hiv-1 g ...	1996	8700906
replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro.	adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of normal lambs supported the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. sequential treatment of monocytes with phorbol ester acetate (pma) enhanced their ability to support viral replication. after exposure in vitro for 24 h, viral antigens were present in 47 +/- 4.5% of monocytes and 32 +/- 3% of lymphocytes. treatment of monocytes with pma resulted in the increase of the proportion of cells express ...	1996	8701568
respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.	immunocompromised patients are considered at increased risk from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we examined the incidence and outcome of rsv infection in pediatric renal transplant (tx) recipients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. of 173 recipients transplanted between november 1985 and april 1993, 5 (3%) developed rsv infection (age range 11-39 months). initial immunosuppression included prednisone, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and polyclonal antibody therapy. time from tx to o ...	1996	8703717
vitamin a and respiratory syncytial virus infection.		1996	8704901
rsv and bronchiolitis.		1995	8705345
neutralizing and enhancing activities of human respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies.	the neutralizing and enhancing activities of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific antibodies were examined. these two biological activities were measured for a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to the rsv surface f and g glycoproteins. four mabs specific for the f protein possessed both neutralizing and enhancing activities. one mab (11-2-d2), specific to the g protein, enhanced rsv infection of u937 cells, a human macrophage cell line, but did not neutralize virus infecti ...	1996	8705669
surface display on staphylococci: a comparative study.	two different host-vector expression systems, designed for cell surface display of heterologous receptors on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, respectively, were compared for the surface display of four variants of a 101 amino acid region derived from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). surface localization of the different chimeric receptors was evaluated by a colorimetric assay and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. it was concluded that the s. ...	1996	8706888
the structurally diverse intergenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus do not modulate sequential transcription by a dicistronic minigenome.	the first nine genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus, are separated by intergenic regions which range in size from 1 to 52 nucleotides for strain a2 and lack obvious consensus elements except that each ends in an a (genome sense). their significance for gene expression was investigated by using rsv-cat-luc rna, a helper-dependent cdna-encoded dicistronic analog of rsv genomic rna in which the viral genes were replaced by a negative-sense copy of the ...	1996	8709239
acute bronchiolitis--a perennial problem.		1996	8709682
dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial.	although corticosteroids are commonly prescribed in the treatment of bronchiolitis, there is no evidence on the efficacy of these drugs in this disorder. we designed a randomised, double-blind, prospective study to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone in infants with bronchiolitis who require hospital management.	1996	8709687
[protection and hygienic measures in respiratory syncytial virus infections].		1996	8718195
combination antiviral therapy for respiratory virus infections.	a limited number of antiviral drug combinations have been shown to have enhanced activity for important human respiratory viruses. rimantadine or amantadine combined with ribavirin shows increased antiviral effects in vitro and in experimental animal models. this combination warrants testing in human influenza. immunoglobulin containing neutralizing anti-rsv antibody combined with ribavirin shows enhanced antiviral effects in experimental animal infections and provides clinical benefit in severe ...	1996	8721543
community respiratory virus infections among hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant recipients.	from 1 november 1992 through 1 may 1993 and from 1 november 1993 through 1 may 1994, we conducted a prospective surveillance study at the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center (houston) to evaluate the role of community respiratory virus infections in hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients, respiratory secretions were obtained from all adult bmt recipients with acute respiratory illnesses. during these two winters, a community respiratory virus was isolated from 37 ...	1996	8722930
quantitative investigation of population persistence and recurrent outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on dairy farms.	to determine if transmission of virus among seropositive cattle is a plausible mechanism for the permanent presence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in dairy herds, and how likely, with the scenario for persistence, there will be only 1 clinical outbreak of brsv per year.	1996	8723872
early ribavirin treatment did not prevent severe disease in high-risk bronchopulmonary dysplasia patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection.		1996	8726162
respiratory failure caused by dual infection with bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus.	two infants with pneumonia caused by both bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rs virus) suffered respiratory failure preceded by convulsion. detection of respiratory pathogens with polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was crucial in the management of dually infected infants.	1996	8741324
viral etiology and epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in korean children.	viral etiologic agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections were studied from november, 1990, through april, 1994, in korean children. from 712 children who visited or were admitted to seoul national university children's hospital because of acute lower respiratory tract infections, 804 nasal aspirates were collected; viral agents were detected by virus isolation and virus antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescent staining. one or more viral agents were identified in 369 (45.9%) ...	1995	8745017
discrimination of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b by reverse transcription-pcr.	reverse transcription (rt)-pcr with shared primers differentiating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroups a and b was developed for subtyping of rsv isolates. results of rt-pcr were compared with those of an indirect immunofluorescence test using monoclonal antibodies. viral rna isolated from cell cultures infected with rsv served as a template for cdna synthesis with random primers. for pcr, we used three synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the g protein mrna sequence of subgroup a ...	1996	8748269
diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in children by using a reverse transcription-pcr panel.	reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) is a sensitive method for detection of rna virus nucleic acid sequences in clinical respiratory specimens. previous studies have focused on rt-pcr for a single virus, but this approach is limited by the inability to establish a specific etiology when the rt-pcr result is negative and by the inability to document simultaneous infections involving more than one virus. the purpose of this study was to apply a panel of rt-pcr protocols for respiratory syncytial vir ...	1996	8748290
isolation of a neutralizing human rsv antibody from a dominant, non-neutralizing immune repertoire by epitope-blocked panning.	we isolated a large panel of human abs directed against the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ag from combinatorial phage display libraries. following initial differentiation of the fabs by bstni restriction patterns, dna sequence analysis revealed 10 different classes of vh paired with more than 35 different vl genes. all the fabs bound with high affinity to the f ag. however, most fabs competed with the binding of a representative member of this group, suggesting that the fabs recognized a com ...	1996	8752928
respiratory syncytial virus infection and meningococcal disease.	although viral respiratory tract infections may predispose to meningococcal disease, strong evidence that they do so exists only for influenza. data on laboratory reported cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and meningococcal disease in england and wales from mid-1989 to mid-1994 were analysed. although the rise in rsv cases preceded the rise in meningococcal disease cases each winter, the interval between the rise and fall of the two diseases was inconsistent, no association w ...	1996	8760957
outbreak of vertigo in wyoming: possible role of an enterovirus infection.	an epidemiologic investigation was conducted to characterize and evaluate the possibility of a viral aetiology of an outbreak of acute vertigo in hot springs country, wyoming, during autumn 1992. case-finding identified hot springs county residents who sought medical attention for new onset vertigo during 1 august, 1992-31 january 1993. thirty-five case-patients and 61 matched controls were interviewed and serum specimens were obtained during january 1993. case-patients were more likely than con ...	1996	8760963
[asthma in children].	asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in children. its prevalence has increased over the last 20 years. in the newborn, the diagnosis can be retained after 3 episodes of whistling dyspnea. asthma often appears following respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. in the child, asthma frequently accompanies allergy to airborne allergies. adolescence, often a difficult period, carries the highest risk of severe episodes. a minimal asthma workup should be performed in all children with asthma ...	1996	8761641
antiepithelial cell antibodies do not impair paediatric renal allograft survival but appear to be associated with acute viral infections.	there is a reported association between antiepithelial cell (aec) antibodies and increased renal allograft loss in paediatric recipients. our unit experienced a dramatic fall in 1-year graft survival so we undertook a study to determine if aec antibodies could account for such losses. we also studied healthy children and adults as well as a group of individuals with serologically proven viral infection in an attempt to determine the prevalence and possible aetiology of these antibodies. sera wer ...	1996	8762004
[community-acquired pneumonia in children: importance of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and efficacy of antibiotics].	define a therapeutic management schema adapted to children with community-acquired pneumonia.	1996	8762275
[treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants. role of bronchodilators and steroids].	the management of infant bronchiolitis with bronchodilators and steroids is controversial. a literature review on this topic allows to determine the influence of these medications on the first episode of viral bronchiolitis. the effect of alpha and beta adrenergic drugs is undoubtful but it is not possible to anticipate a positive or negative response based on the age of the child nor on a family history of atopic disease. systemic steroid therapy has no immediate effect but inhaled steroids may ...	1996	8762963
down-regulation of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein surface expression by a mutant fusion protein containing a retention signal for the endoplasmic reticulum.	the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins are the principal components involved in virion receptor binding, membrane penetration, and ultimately, syncytium formation. while the requirement for both f and hn in this process has been determined from recombinant expression studies, stable physical association of these proteins in coimmunoprecipitation studies has not been observed. in addition, coexpression of other heterologous param ...	1996	8764007
rna replication by a respiratory syncytial virus rna analog does not obey the rule of six and retains a nonviral trinucleotide extension at the leader end.	genome analogs ("minigenomes") of sendai and measles viruses replicate efficiently only if their nucleotide length is an even multiple of six, a requirement called the rule of six (p. calain and l. roux, j. virol. 67:4822-4830, 1993; m. s. sidhu, j. chan, k. kaelin, p. spielhofer, f. radecke, h. schneider, m. masurekar, p. c. dowling, m. a. billeter, and s. a. udem, virology 208:800-807, 1995). the existence of a comparable requirement was tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which also ...	1996	8764015
the other effect of intravenously administered respiratory syncytial virus-enriched immune globulin for prophylaxis: less acute otitis media.		1996	8765615
respiratory syncytial virus-enriched globulin for the prevention of acute otitis media in high risk children.	acute otitis media (aom) has been associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection; aom develops in up to one third of children with rsv illness. a masked multicenter trial used an immune globulin enriched with rsv-neutralizing antibodies (rsvig) to prevent rsv infection of the lower respiratory tract in 249 children with either bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, or prematurity. to determine whether monthly rsvig therapy might decrease the incidence of aom, we retro ...	1996	8765618
respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: clinical aspects and epidemiology.	sixty to ninety percent of the clinical syndrome of bronchiolitis is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv epidemiology has several unusual characteristics. rsv infects nearly all infants in the first year of life, with a peak incidence of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis between 2-6 months of age. it is the only virus that causes most severe disease during the first month of life, i.e. at a time when maternal antibodies are present. lower respiratory tract infections ...	1996	8766196
pathological study of experimentally induced bovine respiratory syncytial viral infection in lambs.	an experimental model was designed to characterize lesions in the lung of lambs inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). twenty-five merino lambs of both sexes, with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg, received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml saline solution containing 1.26 x 10(6) tcid50 brsv (strain nmk-7) per ml. lambs were slaughtered 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 days postinoculation (dpi), and samples were taken for analysis using light-microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques ...	1996	8767769
respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children, is rarely considered among the causes for community-acquired lower respiratory infection in adults. all noninstitutionalized adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in two ohio counties were evaluated between december 1990 and may 1992. fifty-three (4.4%) of 1195 adults admitted during the rsv seasons and 4 (1.0%) of 390 in the off-season had serologic evidence of ...	1996	8769600
the pharmacokinetics, antigenicity, and fusion-inhibition activity of rshz19, a humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus, in healthy volunteers.	single ascending doses of rshz19 (also known as sb 209763), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mab) directed to the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus, were administered to healthy men to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, antigenicity, and fusion inhibition (fi) activity of rshz19. doses of rshz19 (0.025-10.0 mg/kg) or placebo were infused over 30 min, and subjects were followed for 10 weeks. plasma concentrations of rshz19 and rshz19-specific antibodies were determined by elisas. ...	1996	8769601
amiloride inhibits cytokine production in epithelium infected with respiratory syncytial virus.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children. rsv preferentially infects airway epithelium and causes local production of inflammatory cytokines. ribavirin, the only specific agent available for treatment of rsv infection, has limited effectiveness. there are few data regarding the ability of drugs to modulate the inflammatory response of epithelium infected with rsv. this study evaluated the effect of amiloride and ribavirin on cytokine producti ...	1996	8770057
effect of malnutrition on serum and milk antibodies in zairian women.	serum and human milk antimicrobial antibody titers were measured longitudinally in 17 malnourished and 14 control zairian women during 6 to 18 months of lactation to test whether malnutrition is specifically associated with an impaired secretory antibody response. no decreases in total serum and human milk immunoglobulin concentrations, neutralizing antibody titers against rotavirus, or specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers against rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, esc ...	1996	8770501
selection and evolution of high-affinity human anti-viral antibodies.	high-affinity human anti-viral antibodies [e.g. for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv)] can be selected from immune phage-display libraries using a variety of strategies. a small subset of these antibodies show potent neutralization in vitro and anti-viral efficacy in vivo in animal models. the affinities of such antibodies arising from secondary or higher order immune responses can be improved using "cdr walking'. sequen ...	1996	8771795
respiratory syncytial virus in lower respiratory tract infections.		1995	8772888
il-8 release from human neutrophils by the respiratory syncytial virus is independent of viral replication.	elevated interleukin-8 levels and a massive accumulation of neutrophils (pmn) are the hallmark of a variety of severe lung diseases. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important respiratory pathogen, induces interleukin-8 (il-8) release from human pmn, however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. we analyzed the role of virus uptake, intracellular virus replication, virus attachment, and of virus capsid proteins for the induction of il-8 (protein + mrna) in human pmn. cell supernatants were ...	1996	8773587