Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| infection characteristics of rabies virus variants with deletion or insertion in the pseudogene sequence. | we investigated the infection characteristics of recombinant rabies virus variants modified in the pseudogene sequence. infection of neuronal cell lines by the sad w9 and sad v* variants (respectively with deletion or insertion in this sequence) showed no significant differences as compared to the parental strain, the attenuated strain sad b19, in infection characteristics such as number of infected cells or viral yield. the inoculation of mice by these variants resulted in similar infection pat ... | 1998 | 9531019 |
| rabies infection and specific effect of vaccination in mice selected for high and low immunobiological parameters. | innate and acquired resistance to rabies infection was investigated in mice genetically selected for high (h) or low (l) antibody responsiveness from selections i, iii and iv and in mice selected for maximal (airmax) or minimal (airmin) acute inflammatory reaction. these mouse lines were infected intramuscularly with different virus dilutions and the ld50 was determined. the hiii and hiv mouse lines were more susceptible than the liii and liv lines and the hi line showed a discrete but higher re ... | 1997 | 9532239 |
| intravitam diagnosis of human rabies by pcr using saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. | an optimized reverse transcription (rt)-pcr protocol for the intravitam detection of rabies virus genomic rna was tested with clinical samples obtained from 28 patients suspected of having rabies, 9 of whom were confirmed to have had rabies by postmortem examination. rt-pcr using saliva combined with an immunofluorescence assay performed with skin biopsy samples allowed detection of rabies in the nine patients. | 1998 | 9542950 |
| rabies risk and immunoprophylaxis in children. | 1997 | 9544314 | |
| immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells in brains of dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalitis. | the inflammatory cells of eleven dogs with canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis were characterized immunohistochemically. macrophages were identified by antibodies directed against lysozyme and the dh82 antigen (expressed by cells of a malignant histiocytosis). t cells were demonstrated by cd3, cd43, and cd45r antigen, and b cells by immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin m expression. furthermore, staining for the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigen was evaluated. diseased ... | 1998 | 9545134 |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| the role and importance of endre hogyes in the history of hungarian microbiology. | 1997 | 9554171 | |
| collaboration of antibody and inflammation in clearance of rabies virus from the central nervous system. | to investigate the involvement of various cellular and humoral aspects of immunity in the clearance of rabies virus from the central nervous system, (cns), we studied the development of clinical signs and virus clearance from the cns in knockout mice lacking either b and t cells, cd8+ cytotoxic t cells, b cells, alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) receptors, ifn-gamma receptors, or complement components c3 and c4. following intranasal infection with the attenuated rabies virus cvs-f3, normal ... | 1998 | 9557653 |
| field evaluation of two bait delivery systems for the oral immunization of dogs against rabies in tunisia. | two bait delivery systems for the oral immunization of dogs against rabies were tested in small scale field trials in a semi-rural area in tunisia: bait delivery to owned dogs during door to door visits of households (door to door baiting) and distribution of baits on transect lines (transect line baiting). a prototype bait (dbl2) configured for industrial production and containing either sulfadimethoxine (sdm) as a systemic marker or rhodamine b as a topical marker was used. the overall proport ... | 1998 | 9562683 |
| antigenic and functional analyses of glycoprotein of rabies virus using monoclonal antibodies. | thirty-five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against glycoprotein (g protein) of the rc-hl strain of the rabies virus have been established. using these mabs, two antigenic sites (i and ii) were delineated on the g protein of the rc-hl strain in a competitive binding assay. of these, 34 mabs recognized the epitopes on site ii. site ii was further categorized into 10 subsites according to their patterns in a competitive binding assay. each site ii-specific mab showed 5 to 23 nonreciprocal competition ... | 1998 | 9570284 |
| first north american field release of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus. | following nearly 10 yr of extensive laboratory evaluation, a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) vaccine was the first recombinant virus to undergo limited north american field release on 20 august 1990. the free-ranging raccoon population on parramore island (virginia, usa) was exposed to a high density (10 baits/ha) of vaccine-laden baits distributed on a 300 ha vaccination area. an annual total of 887 raccoons were live-trapped for sedation, physical examination and blood collection for rabie ... | 1998 | 9577769 |
| the amino acid following an asn-x-ser/thr sequon is an important determinant of n-linked core glycosylation efficiency. | many eukaryotic proteins are modified by asn-linked (n-linked) glycosylation. the number and position of oligosaccharides added to a protein by the enzyme oligosaccharyltransferase can influence its expression and function. n-linked glycosylation usually occurs at asn residues in asn-x-ser/thr sequons where x not equal pro. however, many asn-x-ser/thr sequons are not glycosylated or are glycosylated inefficiently. inefficient glycosylation at one or more asn-x-ser/thr sequons in a protein result ... | 1998 | 9578569 |
| immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 induced by canarypox expressing hiv-1mn gp120, hiv-1sf2 recombinant gp120, or both vaccines in seronegative adults. niaid aids vaccine evaluation group. | a safety and immunogenicity trial was conducted in vaccinia-immune and vaccinia-naive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-uninfected adults who were randomized to receive 10(6) or 10(7) tcid50 of canarypox (alvac) vector expressing hiv-1mn gp160 or 10(5.5) tcid50 of alvac-rabies virus glycoprotein control at 0 and 1 or 2 months and alvac-gp160 or 50 microg of hiv-1sf2 recombinant (r) gp120 in microfluidized emulsion at 9 and 12 months; others received rgp120 at 0, 1, 6, and 12 months. all vaccine ... | 1998 | 9593008 |
| antibody persistence following preexposure regimens of cell-culture rabies vaccines: 10-year follow-up and proposal for a new booster policy. | subjects (n = 312) received either the human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) or the purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) according to either two-injection (days 0 and 28) or three-injection (days 0, 7, and 28) primary regimens. they received a booster injection at 1 year. rabies antibody levels were measured after the primary series and the booster and then each year for the next 10 years. the results confirm the superior long-term immunogenicity of the three-injection over the two-inject ... | 1998 | 9593014 |
| identification of a region of the rabies virus n protein involved in direct binding to the viral rna. | in rabies virus, the ribonucleoprotein complex (rnp), the rna genome (-) and the antigenome (+) are specifically coated by the viral nucleoprotein (n protein), forming the template for transcription and replication bythe viral rna polymerase. this specific encapsidation starts at the 5' ends of the rnas. to investigate domains of the n protein that govern binding specificity, we tested in vitro the ability of both full-length and truncated forms of the n protein to interact with a synthetic rna ... | 1998 | 9603315 |
| gene gun particle-mediated vaccination with plasmid dna confers protective immunity against rabies virus infection. | accell gene gun particle-mediated immunization with dna encoding the glycoprotein gene of the challenge virus standard strain of rabies virus was evaluated for its ability to elicit protective levels of serum anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody. strong primary and booster neutralizing antibody responses were detected in mice following immunization with 2 micrograms of dna coated on 2.6-micron gold beads. protective levels of antibody persisted for over 300 days. mice challenged intraplantarl ... | 1998 | 9607018 |
| the 21-kda polypeptide (vap21) in the rabies virion is a cd99-related host cell protein. | in our monoclonal antibody (mab) stocks prepared against the bhk-21 cell antigens, two (#11875 and 28276) recognized a 21-kda polypeptide (referred to as vap21) which is efficiently incorporated into the rabies virion. by using these mabs, we isolated the cdna clones that encoded a polypeptide of 144 amino acids from our bhk-21 cell cdna library. based on the following evidence, the cdna was assumed to encode a full-length sequence of vap21 antigen: i) expression of the cdna in animal cells resu ... | 1998 | 9623916 |
| human anticardiolipin monoclonal autoantibodies cause placental necrosis and fetal loss in balb/c mice. | to analyze the structure, specificity, and in vivo pathogenetic potential of 2 human anticardiolipin (acl) monoclonal antibodies (mab). | 1998 | 9627012 |
| ultrastructure of cranial nerves of rats inoculated with rabies virus. | the v and vii cranial nerves of rats inoculated with rabies virus were studied by electron microscopy. the results were compared with the same cranial nerves of rats inoculated with rabies virus but vaccinated against the disease. the findings are those of axonal degeneration and intense demyelination of the nerves of the group of rats not vaccinated. the vaccinated rats showed some ultrastructural irrelevant alterations when compared with the other group. the degree of ultrastructural alteratio ... | 1997 | 9629325 |
| epidemiology of human rabies in the united states, 1980 to 1996. | to summarize the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical features of the 32 laboratory-confirmed cases of human rabies diagnosed in the united states from 1980 to 1996. | 1998 | 9634432 |
| expression of the rabies virus glycoprotein in transgenic tomatoes. | we have engineered tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill var. uc82b) to express a gene for the glycoprotein (g-protein), which coats the outer surface of the rabies virus. the recombinant constructs contained the g-protein gene from the era strain of rabies virus, including the signal peptide, under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. plants were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons and tissue culture on selective media. pc ... | 1995 | 9636308 |
| evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a new, heat-treated human rabies immune globulin using a sham, post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies. | a double-blind, controlled, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a new human rabies immune globulin (htrig). this product, manufactured by pasteur merieux connaught, pmc, has undergone a heat-treatment step (10 h at 60 degrees c) and removal of mercurothiolate. the corresponding unheated product available from the same manufacturer (human rabies immune globulin, hrig, imogam rabies[spr2]) was used for comparison. these two rabies immune globulins (rigs) wer ... | 1998 | 9637744 |
| effect of a booster-dose of rabies vaccine on the duration of virus neutralizing antibody titers in bovines. | humoral immune response using inactivated rabies vaccine was studied in 35 nelore cross-bred bovines of western region of são paulo state. ninety days after vaccination, 13 (92.8%) animals presented titers > or = 0.5 iu/ml, through mouse neutralization test. after 180 days, 9 (64.3%) sera showed titers > or = 0.5 iu/ml, after 270 days, only one (7.1%) showed a titer of 0.51 iu/ml, and after 360 days, all animals showed titers < 0.5 iu/ml. group of animals receiving booster dose 30 days after vac ... | 1998 | 9662964 |
| development of a fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (favn test) for the quantitation of rabies-neutralising antibody. | a microtest named the favn test (fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test), which is an adaptation of the original rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) has been developed and evaluated. one hundred percent specificity was estimated using 414 sera from dogs sampled in rabies-free areas or from non-vaccinated animals. the accuracy as determined by the agreement between observed and expected values using sera of known titres was satisfactory. serum samples from unvaccinated and vac ... | 1998 | 9671155 |
| nucleoprotein gene analysis of fixed and street rabies virus variants using rt-pcr. | a simple and rapid single-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to investigate the nucleoprotein (n) gene of 11 rabies viruses. a conserved set of rt-pcr primers was designed to amplify the most variable region in the n gene. n gene regions were amplified from 6 fixed laboratory viruses, 4 street viruses from dogs in thailand, and a horse in zambia. sequences of the amplified products, together with the database of 91 additional sequences, were analyzed by using ... | 1997 | 9672637 |
| the influence of dna sequence on the immunostimulatory properties of plasmid dna vectors. | to determine the influence of dna sequence on immunostimulatory properties of vaccine vectors, we tested the induction of in vitro and in vivo immune responses by plasmids modified to contain extended runs of dg sequences. studies with oligonucleotides indicate that dg sequences can directly stimulate b cells as well as enhance the activity of immunostimulatory cpg motifs because of interaction with the macrophage scavenger receptor (msr); this receptor can bind a variety of polyanions including ... | 1998 | 9681415 |
| biological and immunogenic properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by canine herpesvirus vector. | in order to evaluate whether canine herpesvirus (chv) could be used as a live vector for the expression of heterologous immunogenes, we constructed a recombinant canine herpesvirus (chv) expressing glycoprotein (g protein) of rabies virus (rv). the gene of g protein was inserted within the thymidine kinase gene of chv yp11mu strain under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. the g protein expressed by the recombinant chv was processed and transported to the cell surf ... | 1998 | 9682345 |
| experimental rabies infection and oral vaccination in vampire bats (desmodus rotundus). | a rabies virus variant isolated from a vampire bat (desmodus rotundus) and characterized by genome sequencing was used for the standardization of an experimental infection in this species. the parenteral administration of 10(6) micld50 of this variant was capable of inducing death from rabies in 89% of animals. the mean duration of post-challenge survival was 12 days. none of the experimental rabid vampire bats showed aggressive behaviour. a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine ... | 1998 | 9682368 |
| rabies in zimbabwe: reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control. | using detailed field study observations of the side-striped jackal (canis adustus) and a simple stochastic model of the transmission dynamics of the virus and host demography, we discuss the epidemiology of rabies virus infection in the jackal population of zimbabwe. of the two jackal species in zimbabwe, the other being the black-backed jackal (canis mesomelas), the bulk of notified rabies cases are in side-striped jackals. specifically, we show that the side-striped jackal population itself do ... | 1998 | 9684293 |
| characterisation of a novel lyssavirus isolated from pteropid bats in australia. | a novel lyssavirus isolated from pteropid bats in australia (australian bat lyssavirus, ablv) has been characterised using gene sequence analyses, electron microscopy and a panel of monoclonal antibodies. electron microscopic examination of pteropid bat and mouse brain material as well as virus isolated from tissue culture medium, showed the presence of bullet-shaped rhabdovirus particles and structures characteristic of lyssavirus. analysis using nucleocapsid (n) specific monoclonal antibodies, ... | 1998 | 9696125 |
| the neural cell adhesion molecule is a receptor for rabies virus. | previous reports strongly suggest that, in addition to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, rabies virus can use other, as-yet-unidentified receptors. we found that laboratory cell lines susceptible to rabies virus infection express the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam) (cd56) on their surface, whereas resistant cells do not, supporting the idea that ncam could be a rabies virus receptor. we observed that (i) incubation with rabies virus decreases the surface expression of ncam; (ii) treatme ... | 1998 | 9696812 |
| [isolation of rabies virus from an insectivorous bat, nyctinomops macrotis, in southeast brazil]. | the rabies virus was isolated from an insectivorous bat, nyctinomops macrotis, trapped in diadema, sp, brazil, in a public building near a water supply reservoir. fluorescent antibodies against rabies virus were detected in cerebral tissue and the viral isolation was made after the inoculation of cerebral tissue and salivary gland suspension in mice. there have been no recorded cases of animal rabies in diadema since 1982, and this is the first isolation of the rabies virus in an insectivorous b ... | 1998 | 9699349 |
| dna immunization protects nonhuman primates against rabies virus. | more than 40,000 people die annually from rabies worldwide. most of these fatalities occur in developing countries, where rabies is endemic, public health resources are inadequate and there is limited access to preventive treatment. because of the high cost of vaccines derived from cell culture, many countries still use vaccines produced in sheep, goat or suckling mouse brain. the stability and low cost for mass production of dna vaccines would make them ideal for use in developing countries. to ... | 1998 | 9701249 |
| identification of novel transmembrane gene sequence and its use for cell-surface targeting of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. | we identified a 685-nucleotide gene fragment that codes for the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of glycoprotein of the lep strain rabies virus and carried out experiments designed to express a novel fusion protein on the cell surface. the cdna encoding the membrane anchor sequence was fused in the correct reading frame to the 3' end of the cdna encoding the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta(h)cg), a secretory glycoprotein that is used as an antigen for a contraceptive vacc ... | 1998 | 9703016 |
| [evolution of fox rabies in belgium and the european union]. | since 1989, after experimental trials, belgium like other concerned member states within the european union, organizes campaigns of fox vaccination against rabies. these vaccination campaigns are using a recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus as vaccine in belgium, grand-duchy of luxemburg and a large part of france. the results of epidemiological surveillance show a dramatic reduction of the incidence of rabies in the treated areas; this reduction is also observed in domestic animals and as a conseq ... | 1998 | 9707790 |
| morphometric analysis of mccoy cells inoculated with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with rabies. | to demonstrate the potential of mccoy cells for the isolation of rabies virus from the cerebrospinal (csf) fluid of a patient with a diagnosis of rabies, mccoy cells were inoculated with csf from a patient with a clinical diagnosis of rabies and investigated in terms of morphometric aspect using the java analysis system for the quantification of the increased size of infected cells compared to noninfected cells. the cells were also examined in terms of specific staining for the diagnosis of rabi ... | 1998 | 9711342 |
| human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (hdcv) and purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine (pcecv) both confer protective immunity against infection with the silver-haired bat rabies virus strain (shbrv). | the demonstration of extensive differences in the antigenic makeups of the silver-haired bat rabies virus (shbrv) and canine rabies virus (cosrv) strains raised concerns as to whether current licensed rabies vaccines are sufficiently protective against shbrv. nih mouse protection test results show that both the human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (hdcv) and the purified chicken embryo cell rabies vaccine (pcecv) protected against lethal infection with shbrv as well as the canine rabies str ... | 1998 | 9713943 |
| clenbuterol as a marker in baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies. | clenbuterol was investigated as a potential marker of baits for the oral vaccination of dogs (canis familiaris) against rabies in turkey. orally administered clenbuterol is incorporated into the hair fibre during hair growth, and the uptake of clenbuterol into the hair of 18 dogs was therefore investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment. clenbuterol could be detected in the hair of the dogs 28 and 56 days after they had eaten a bait containing 0-5 mg clenbuterol. in a field study, 150 bai ... | 1998 | 9717220 |
| apoptosis induction in brain during the fixed strain of rabies virus infection correlates with onset and severity of illness. | viruses such as hiv, influenza, picornavirus and others are known stimulators of apoptosis. this individual cellular elimination is a preferential host defense in regenerative tissues. in contrast, if this death occurred in nonregenerating cells, such as neurons of the central nervous system, may result in disease. the target cell for rabies virus is the neuron. here we studied the outcome of the interaction between rabies virus (cvs-11) and mouse brain cells. replication of rabies virus in suck ... | 1998 | 9718132 |
| studies on rabies virus rna polymerase: 1. cdna cloning of the catalytic subunit (l protein) of avirulent hep-flury strain and its expression in animal cells. | to investigate the rna polymerase of rabies virus, we cloned a cdna of the catalytic subunit (called l protein because of its large molecular size) of the hep-flury strain, an avirulent strain obtained by high frequencies of serial embryonated hen egg passages. nucleotide sequencing showed that the cdna encodes a long polypeptide of 2,127 amino acids (mr. 242,938). a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of other strains (pv and sad b19) indicated that the sequence was highly c ... | 1998 | 9719101 |
| rabies prophylaxis following the feeding of a rabid pony. | a survey was performed to identify people who were exposed to a rabid pony and determine whether or not they received rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep). sixty-one visitors who came in contact with the rabid pony were identified. these visitors heard about the rabid pony via the news media. forty-five visitors were exposed during the 2 weeks before the pony died. thirty-two of these 45 visitors received pep. thirty-one visitors had or may have had saliva contact to an open wound or mucosa and ... | 1998 | 9729702 |
| hydrophobic horse sense. | 1998 | 9729703 | |
| a case of human rabies in russia (siberia). | 1998 | 9735545 | |
| clonal analysis of a human antibody response. iii. nucleotide sequences of monoclonal igm, igg, and iga to rabies virus reveal restricted v kappa gene utilization, junctional v kappa j kappa and v lambda j lambda diversity, and somatic hypermutation. | in previous work, we generated four igm, five igg1, and one iga1 mabs to rabies virus using b cells from four subjects vaccinated with inactivated rabies virus, a thymus-dependent (td) mosaic ag, and sequenced the mab v(h)dj(h) genes. here, we have cloned the v kappa j kappa and v lambda j lambda genes to complete the primary structure of the ag-binding site of these mabs. while the anti-rabies virus mab selection of va genes (2e.2.2 twice, dpl11, and dpl23) reflected the representation of the v ... | 1998 | 9743351 |
| rabies virus entry into endosomes in imr-32 human neuroblastoma cells. | early events in rabies virus entry into cultured imr-32 human neuroblastoma cells were investigated. after adsorption of rabies virus to the cell surface in the cold and warming to 37 degrees c in the presence of tracers for early endosomes, rabies virus and tracers were localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. after 5 min, rabies virus colocalized with lucifer yellow, texas red-dextran, rhodamine-wheat germ agglutinin, and transferrin receptor in puncta in the cell body, neurites, and nerve ... | 1998 | 9743568 |
| high-titer human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based vector systems for gene delivery into nondividing cells. | previously we designed novel pseudotyped high-titer replication defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vectors to deliver genes into nondividing cells (j. reiser, g. harmison, s. kluepfel-stahl, r. o. brady, s. karlsson, and m. schubert, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 93:15266-15271, 1996). since then we have made several improvements with respect to the safety, flexibility, and efficiency of the vector system. a three-plasmid expression system is used to generate pseudotyped hiv-1 pa ... | 1998 | 9765432 |
| antigen detection in vivo after immunization with different presentation forms of rabies virus antigen, ii. cellular, but not humoral, systemic immune responses against rabies virus immune-stimulating complexes are macrophage dependent. | in this paper we describe the effect of depletion of splenic macrophages on the uptake, and immune response against, different formulations of rabies virus antigen. splenic macrophages were removed by intravenous injection with clodronate liposomes. beta-propiolacton inactivated rabies virus (rv-bpl) and immune-stimulating complexes (iscom) containing these antigens were given to macrophage-depleted and control mice. in the absence of phagocytic cells in the spleen, antigen is still trapped in t ... | 1998 | 9767431 |
| immunogenicity of bhk-rabies vaccine in human volunteers. | the production of rabies vaccine on baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells for human use is discussed. long term experience in application of this vaccine in animals, without any noticeable complications and findings of inactivation of contaminated dna from the cell substrate by beta-propiolactone have justified its recommendation for human use. preliminary results of applying this simple, adjuvant vaccine in volunteers, confirmed its good tolerability and immunogenicity. | 1998 | 9769650 |
| [rabies in dogs and efficacy of active immunoprophylaxis in yugoslavia]. | in this study we analyzed 36 cases of dog rabies diagnosed at the pasteur institute in novi sad during the last 10 years as well as the quality of postvaccination immunity. most dogs had the paralytic form, more common in sylvatic rabies than furious clinical picture. 11% of dogs were aggressive, whereas 44% had injured humans, including their owners. postvaccination immunity was examined in a group of dogs vaccinated with three domestic and one vaccine imported from abroad. vaccination was succ ... | 1998 | 9769655 |
| neuropathological and aetiological studies of sporadic non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis of cattle. | sporadically occurring non-suppurative encephalitis appears to be a frequent condition of swiss cattle. fifty-one such cases diagnosed over a period of 10 years were examined retrospectively to investigate whether they constituted one or more distinct diseases, and to search for aetiological agents. three cases were characterised by periventricular granulomatous encephalitis, and most probably represented a different disease, but the remaining 48 cases had disseminated non-suppurative encephalit ... | 1998 | 9773471 |
| non-rabies lyssavirus human encephalitis from fruit bats: australian bat lyssavirus (pteropid lyssavirus) infection. | a 39-year-old woman died of encephalitis a few weeks after being scratched by fruit bats. autopsy disclosed meningoencephalomyelitis, and revealed neuronal intracytoplasmic inclusions which had similarities to negri bodies of rabies. laboratory investigations detected a lyssavirus type previously identified only in fruit bats. this appears to be the first human case of encephalitis due to this lyssavirus type. | 1998 | 9775399 |
| evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic profile of a new, highly purified, heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin, administered either alone or in association with a purified, vero-cell rabies vaccine. | a clinical evaluation of a new, purified, heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin (pht-erig), f(ab')2 preparation, was carried out in thailand and in the philippines-two countries where rabies is endemic. an initial prospective, randomised, controlled trial (study 1), compared the safety and pharmacokinetics (serum concentrations of rabies antibodies) after administration either of pht-erig or of a commercially-available, equine rabies immune globulin (erig pmc). a second trial (study 2) simul ... | 1998 | 9777717 |
| construction of canine herpesvirus vector expressing foreign genes using a lacz-tk gene cassette as a double selectional marker. | an improved method for constructing canine herpesvirus (chv) recombinants expressing foreign genes by using the lacz-tk gene cassette as a double selectional marker was developed. a recombinant chv carrying the lacz-tk gene at a targeted gene locus was constructed and used as a parental virus for generating new recombinants. the parental virus formed blue plaques and was sensitive to tk-specific drugs, while newly generated recombinants, in which the lacz-tk gene was replaced with the desired fo ... | 1998 | 9778785 |
| rabies virus replication induces bax-related, caspase dependent apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma cells. | rabies virus has been shown to induce apoptosis in infected cells, but the intracellular pathway of cell killing is unknown. in this report, we show that rabies virus infected mouse neuroblastoma cells underwent chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation within 48 h post-infection. an increased level of the apoptotic enhancer, bax, was detected within 24 h after infection. in contrast to bax, the production of the apoptotic antagonist, bcl-2, remained unchanged. shortly after detection of bax, ... | 1998 | 9783470 |
| [comparative immunogenicity of 2 antirabies vaccines in a 2-1-1 post-exposure vaccination schedule]. | few trials have compared the purified duck embryo vaccine (pdev) and the human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) in a post-exposure immunization schedule of 4 shots (2 on day 0 and 1 each on day 7 and 21, or 2-1-1 schedule). a retrospective analysis compared 10 patients with pedv and 20 with hdcv, who had received the 2-1-1 schedule as well as 20 ui mg/kg of immune globulins on day 0. the median neutralizing antibody titers on day 21 (after 3 doses) and the median of maximum titers until day 90 were h ... | 1998 | 9785997 |
| failure of protection induced by a brazilian vaccine against brazilian wild rabies viruses. | this report shows that the smb vaccine currently used in brazil for human immunisation provides different degrees of protection in mice, depending on the rabies virus strain used as challenge. using the nih and habel potency tests to evaluate the protective activity of rabies vaccine, we observed that vaccinated mice showed a higher resistance to a challenge with a fixed rabies virus (cvs-challenge virus strain). the vaccine potency using the habel or nih tests was respectively > 6.4 (log 10) an ... | 1998 | 9787658 |
| epidemiology and elimination of rabies in western europe. | in recent years, most of the research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. in order to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunizing glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg), has been developed and extensively tested in the laboratory as well as in the field. between 1989 and 1995, several million vrg vaccine doses have been dispersed in western ... | 1998 | 9805476 |
| mechanisms of symptom in bartoszyński's virus model. | this paper is concerned with bartoszyński's process for rabies viruses introduced by bartoszyński [r. bartoszyński, a model for risk rabies, isi invited paper no. 9, isi 1-9, ix warsaw, 1975, pp. 545-552; math. biosci. 24 (1975) 355; w. klonecki (ed.) proceedings of the iasps symposium to honour jerzy neyman, warsaw, 1976, pp. 19-28]. our main interests are in developing mechanisms of a symptom--how the probability of the occurrence of the symptom is related to the process. four mechanisms are s ... | 1998 | 9810161 |
| efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon rabies in new jersey. | a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies was conducted by distributing 180,816 doses (10(8.2)tcid50/ml) of vaccine in wax ampules within fish-meal polymer baits at a rate of 64 doses/km2/treatment throughout a 552 km2 area, forming an 18 km wide band across the northern cape may peninsula of new jersey (usa). vaccination treatments were conducted in the spring and fall between m ... | 1998 | 9813845 |
| location of neutralizing epitopes on the g protein of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus. | the surface glycoprotein g is the major neutralizing and protective antigen of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus (befv). twelve neutralizing mabs against befv strain bb7721 were used to select 33 neutralization escape mutants. the mutants had been classified previously into three major antigenic sites (g1-g3) based on their cross-neutralization patterns. the nucleotide sequence of the entire extracellular domain of the g protein gene was determined for all mutants. each contained a single nucle ... | 1998 | 9820132 |
| polymerase chain reaction protocols for rabies virus discrimination. | the development of rt pcr methodology has facilitated greatly the genetic characterisation of many rabies viruses (rvs), distinct strains of which persist in certain host species reservoirs within geographically defined regions. the relative temporally conserved nature of certain regions of the rv genome, particularly the n gene, permits development of rapid molecular methods for rv typing. two main strategies have been applied to viral discrimination: (1) restriction fragment length polymorphis ... | 1998 | 9820569 |
| prevention of the spread of rabies to wildlife by oral vaccination of raccoons in massachusetts. | to evaluate the use of bait containing rabies vaccine to create a barrier of rabies-vaccinated raccoons in massachusetts and to determine the effectiveness of various bait distribution strategies in halting the spread of rabies. | 1998 | 9828930 |
| current recommendations for the prophylaxis and treatment of rabies. | once onset of clinical rabies develops in an individual, death is inevitable. thus, it is imperative that, for persons exposed or potentially exposed to rabies virus, prophylaxis must be instituted as soon as possible following the exposure. local wound management is an essential part of postexposure rabies prophylaxis. exposed persons should receive a recommended series of a tissue culture or cell culture origin vaccine. the number of doses and route of vaccination differ in various regions of ... | 1998 | 9829154 |
| chimeric lyssavirus glycoproteins with increased immunological potential. | the rabies virus glycoprotein molecule (g) can be divided into two parts separated by a flexible hinge: the nh2 half (site ii part) containing antigenic site ii up to the linear region (amino acids [aa] 253 to 275 encompassing epitope vi [aa 264]) and the cooh half (site iii part) containing antigenic site iii and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. the structural and immunological roles of each part were investigated by cell transfection and mouse dna-based immunization with homogeneous ... | 1999 | 9847325 |
| matrix protein of rabies virus is responsible for the assembly and budding of bullet-shaped particles and interacts with the transmembrane spike glycoprotein g. | to elucidate the functions of rhabdovirus matrix (m) protein, we determined the localization of m in rabies virus (rv) and analyzed the properties of an m-deficient rv mutant. we provide evidence that m completely covers the ribonucleoprotein (rnp) coil and keeps it in a condensed form. as determined by cosedimentation experiments, not only the m-rnp complex but also m alone was found to interact specifically with the glycoprotein g. in contrast, an interaction of g with the nucleoprotein n or m ... | 1999 | 9847327 |
| pathogenicity of different rabies virus variants inversely correlates with apoptosis and rabies virus glycoprotein expression in infected primary neuron cultures. | the mouse-adapted rabies virus strain cvs-24 has stable variants, cvs-b2c and cvs-n2c, which differ greatly in their pathogenicity for normal adult mice and in their ability to infect nonneuronal cells. the glycoprotein (g protein), which has previously been implicated in rabies virus pathogenicity, shows substantial structural differences between these variants. although prior studies have identified antigenic site iii of the g protein as the major pathogenicity determinant, cvs-b2c and cvs-n2c ... | 1999 | 9847357 |
| [anti-rabies antibody levels observed in subjects who were bitten by supposed rabid animals abroad and received post-exposure immunization]. | from december of 1990 to december of 1997, 119 subjects visited to our hospital to receive post-exposure therapy using purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine manufactured by the chem-sero-theraptic institute (katestuken), because they had been bitten by supposed rabid animals abroad. the forty of the subjects (male: 25, female: 15) wished to have their anti-rabies antibody levels examined. the number of samples taken after 5 or 6 shots rabies vaccine were 30 and 15, respectively. the antibody ... | 1998 | 9847522 |
| low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor (p75ntr) can serve as a receptor for rabies virus. | a random-primed cdna expression library constructed from the mrna of neuroblastoma cells (ng108) was used to clone a specific rabies virus (rv) receptor. a soluble form of the rv glycoprotein (gs) was utilized as a ligand to detect positive cells. we identified the murine low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor, p75ntr. bsr cells stably expressing p75ntr were able to bind gs and g-expressing lepidopteran cells. the ability of the rv glycoprotein to bind p75ntr was dependent on the presence of ... | 1998 | 9857182 |
| viral excretion in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with a raccoon rabies isolate. | to determine susceptibility, incubation and morbidity periods, clinical signs of infection, serologic response, and excretion of virus in domestic ferrets inoculated with rabies virus of raccoon origin. | 1998 | 9858418 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997. | in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ... | 1998 | 9861958 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of large plasmids. | a protocol combining recombination pcr and long-distance pcr is demonstrated to be highly accurate and rapid for site-directed mutagenesis of large (> 10 kb) plasmids. application of this protocol to the generation of mutant rabies virus glycoproteins expressed by the baculovirus/insect cell system illustrates the usefulness of this approach in facilitating structure-function relationships in this important eukaryotic expression system. | 1998 | 9863055 |
| suppressant effect of human or equine rabies immunoglobulins on the immunogenicity of post-exposure rabies vaccination under the 2-1-1 regimen: a field trial in indonesia. mas054 clinical investigator group. | who's reference protocol for post-exposure rabies vaccination advises five intramuscular injections on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30; in addition, rabies immunoglobulins (rig) must be given to serious cases of exposure (grade iii severity). some studies indicate that these immunoglobulins suppress the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine when administered according to an alternative protocol of four injections (2-1-1) on days 0, 7, and 21, which was therefore not recommended for grade iii exposures. to t ... | 1998 | 9868840 |
| short duration of neutralizing antibody titers after pre-exposure rabies vaccination with suckling mouse brain vaccine. | the human anti-rabies pre-exposure treatment currently used in brazil, employing a 1-ml dose of suckling mouse brain vaccine (smbv) administered on days 0, 2, 4 and 28, was compared to an alternative treatment with two 1 ml-doses on day 0, and one 1 ml-dose injected on days 7 and 21. the latter induced higher virus-neutralizing antibody (vna) titers on day 21. both brazilian rabies vaccines produced with pv or cvs rabies virus strains were tested. two additional volunteer vaccine groups, receivi ... | 1998 | 9876298 |
| characterization of rabies virus nucleocapsids and recombinant nucleocapsid-like structures. | rabies virus nucleoprotein (n) was produced in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system described by préhaud et al. (virology 178, 486-497, 1990). the protein was either purified on a cscl gradient, resulting in a mixture of nucleocapsid-like structures and beaded rings, as observed by electron microscopy, or on a glycerol gradient that resulted in a preparation of the rings only. the rings and nucleocapsid-like structures had the same morphological characteristics as viral nucleocap ... | 1998 | 9880004 |
| case 21-1998: rabies. | 1999 | 9882221 | |
| case 21-1998: rabies. | 1999 | 9882222 | |
| phosphorylation of rabies virus nucleoprotein regulates viral rna transcription and replication by modulating leader rna encapsidation. | one of the major structural differences between rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is that the nucleoprotein (n) is the major phosphoprotein and the nominal phosphoprotein (p) is less phosphorylated in rabies virus, whereas p is the major phosphoprotein and n is not phosphorylated in vsv. we investigated the function of phosphorylation of rabies virus n after dephosphorylation of n with alkaline phosphatase or after changing the phosphorylated serine at position 389 to alanine by ... | 1999 | 9882376 |
| preparation of fluorescein-labeled antirabies gamma-globulin at the thai red cross. | 1998 | 9886112 | |
| studies on the rabies virus rna polymerase: 2. possible relationships between the two forms of the non-catalytic subunit (p protein). | we investigated the relationship between the two forms of rabies virus p protein, a non-catalytic subunit of rabies virus rna polymerase. the two displayed different electrophoretic mobilities as 37- and 40-kda polypeptides, hence termed as p37 and p40, respectively. double labeling experiments with [3h]leucine and [32p]orthophosphate demonstrated that p40 was much more phosphorylated than p37. treatment of the virion proteins with alkaline phosphatase eliminated only p40, and not 37-kda polypep ... | 1998 | 9886149 |
| ["emerging" viral zoonoses in native animals who can be the host in the netherlands]. | viral zoonotic diseases can be defined as 'viral diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to man'. viral zoonoses have been emerging and re-emerging throughout history and can cause serious diseases and disease outbreaks in human populations. this paper deals with emerging viral zoonotic infections that have hosts in native species and can be a hazard for the human population in the netherlands. rabies virus, hantavirus, influenza virus tick-borne encephalitis virus, borna disease virus and ... | 1999 | 9921612 |
| influence of canine brain decomposition on laboratory diagnosis of rabies. | canine brains infected with rabies virus were submitted to decomposition by being left at room temperature of 25 to 29 degrees c for up to 168 h. at 24 h intervals, brain fragments were analyzed by immunofluorescence (if) and by the mouse intracerebral inoculation (mi) test to confirm the diagnosis of rabies and to measure the putrefaction effect on the accuracy of the diagnosis. forty eight h after the beginning of the experiment, the mi test showed signs of impairment with four negative result ... | 1999 | 9927820 |
| studies on the structures and antigenic properties of rabies virus glycoprotein analogues produced in yeast cells. | we investigated two forms (designated as ygi and ygii) of rabies virus glycoprotein (g) analogues produced in the g cdna-transfected yeast cells. molecular weights of ygi and ygii were estimated as 66 and 56 kda, respectively, according to their relative mobility in sds-page. although being produced in large amounts, ygi was present mostly in insoluble forms and hardly extractable with non-ionic detergents. the ygi reacted with polyclonal anti-g antibodies, but did not react with our conformatio ... | 1999 | 9987156 |
| additional reports of failure to respond to treatment after rabies exposure in thailand. | 1999 | 10028088 | |
| use of anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies to characterize rabies virus in formalin-fixed tissues. | seventy anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested for reactivity with rabies and rabies-related viruses in formalin-fixed (ff) tissues. forty-three of the mabs were directed against the glycoprotein and 27 were directed against the nucleocapsid as determined by enzyme immunoassays and neutralization tests. twenty of the anti-glycoprotein mabs and one of the anti-nucleocapsid mabs reacted with the rabies challenge virus strain (cvs) in ff tissue. these 21 mabs were screened again ... | 1999 | 10029326 |
| obtention of rabies antigen through bhk21 cells adhered to microcarriers. | four rabies antigen batches were produced from virus suspensions resulting from bhk21 cells adhered to microcarriers (cytodex 1), inoculated and cultured in a bioreactor. in parallel the methodology of production of rabies virus through cultures of bhk21 cells in monolayers in bottles was used. the results obtained showed that infecting titles were 10(6.69) dl50/ml and 10(7.28) dl50/ml for suspensions cultured in bottles and in the bioreactor, respectively. the viral suspension volumes collected ... | 1998 | 10030073 |
| human rabies--virginia, 1998. | on december 31, 1998, a 29-year-old man in richmond, virginia, died from rabies encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with insectivorous bats. this report summarizes the clinical and epidemiologic investigations by the virginia department of health and cdc. | 1999 | 10072266 |
| typing of rabies virus isolates by dna enzyme immunoassay. | alternatives to antigenic typing are needed for epidemiologic surveys of the rabies virus associated with translocated coyotes and foxes, especially in areas where a closely related rabies virus is transmitted by striped skunks. | 1999 | 10073409 |
| development and use of a 293 cell line expressing lac repressor for the rescue of recombinant adenoviruses expressing high levels of rabies virus glycoprotein. | an expression cassette designed for high-level production of rabies virus glycoprotein (rg) could not be rescued into a replication-defective, adenovirus-based vector using standard procedures. to overcome this difficulty, a 293-based cell line, designated 293lap13, was constructed that contained and expressed a derivative of the lac repressor protein. the lac operator sequence, to which the repressor binds, was incorporated into an expression cassette, containing a promoter and intron, designed ... | 1999 | 10073694 |
| a proline-rich motif within the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus interacts with ww domains of cellular proteins: implications for viral budding. | the matrix (m) protein of rhabdoviruses has been shown to play a key role in virus assembly and budding; however, the precise mechanism by which m mediates these processes remains unclear. we have associated a highly conserved, proline-rich motif (ppxy or py motif, where p denotes proline, y represents tyrosine, and x denotes any amino acid) of rhabdoviral m proteins with a possible role in budding mediated by the m protein. point mutations that disrupt the py motif of the m protein of vesicular ... | 1999 | 10074141 |
| human rabies prevention--united states, 1999. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | these revised recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices update the previous recommendations on rabies prevention (mmwr 1991;40[no.rr-3]:1-14) to reflect the current status of rabies and antirabies biologics in the united states. this report includes new information about a human rabies vaccine approved for u.s. use in 1997, recommendations regarding exposure to bats, recommendations regarding an observation period for domestic ferrets, and changes in the local administr ... | 1999 | 10077411 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. human rabies--virginia, 1998. | 1999 | 10078471 | |
| an integral membrane green fluorescent protein marker, us9-gfp, is quantitatively retained in cells during propidium iodide-based cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. | previously, we described gfp-spectrin, a membrane-localized derivative of the green fluorescent protein that can be employed as a marker during the simultaneous identification of transfected cells and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry (kalejta et al., cytometry 29: 286-291, 1997). a membrane-anchored gfp fusion protein is necessary because the ethanol permeabilization step required to achieve efficient propidium iodide staining allows cytoplasmic gfp to leach out of the cell. however, viable ... | 1999 | 10094838 |
| first reported case of elephant rabies in sri lanka. | 1999 | 10097315 | |
| chemokine receptors and hiv-1: the fusion of two major research fields. | chemokines mediate their effects by binding to cell-surface receptors that belong to the seven-transmembrane-domain superfamily of proteins. chemokine receptors have been subject to intense scrutiny following the recent discovery that several of them are co-receptors for hiv-1. here, richard horuk reviews the latest developments in chemokine receptor research with a particular focus on their role as hiv-1 co-receptors. | 1999 | 10098328 |
| a nucleotide-specific polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate rabies virus biotypes in south africa. | antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses have shown that two distinct biotypes of rabies virus are circulating in south africa. one of these typically infects members of the family canidae, while the other comprises a heterogeneous group of apparently indigenous viruses, infecting members of the viverridae family. in recent times, it has become evident that a considerable amount of cross-infection may occur and the manifestation of viverrid rabies in non-viverrid animals in particular appears ... | 1998 | 10192843 |
| epidemiology and control of fox rabies in europe. | during recent years, most of the research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. in order to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus which expresses the immunizing glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg) has been developed and extensively tested in the laboratory as well as in the field. from 1989 until 1995, several million vrg vaccine doses have been dispersed in western ... | 1999 | 10194834 |
| immunization of dogs and cats with a dna vaccine against rabies virus. | the applicability of dna immunization technology for vaccine development in companion animals was investigated by immunizing dogs and cats by the intramuscular (i.m.) and intradermal (i.d.) routes with a plasmid dna vector encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein g. in dogs, administration of 100 microg dna doses by the i.m. route resulted in stronger and more durable rabies virus neutralizing antibody (rvna) titers than those obtained by i.d. inoculation. in contrast, i.m. vaccination of cats wit ... | 1999 | 10195621 |
| is there an advantage to including the nucleoprotein in a rabies glycoprotein subunit vaccine? | the pv rabies (genotype 1) g and n proteins were produced by recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells. we tested the ability of recombinant antigens to synergistically induce an immune response and, particularly, to broaden the spectrum of lyssavirus-neutralizing antibodies produced. cell-free preparations of recombinant proteins caused an immune response. recombinant rabies g protein (rrg) from infected cell extract or supernatant induced virus neutralizing antibodies (vnab) against rabies (cv ... | 1999 | 10195792 |
| virus promoters determine interference by defective rnas: selective amplification of mini-rna vectors and rescue from cdna by a 3' copy-back ambisense rabies virus. | typical defective interfering (di) rnas are more successful in the competition for viral polymerase than the parental (helper) virus, which is mostly due to an altered di promoter composition. rabies virus (rv) internal deletion rnas which possess the authentic rv terminal promoters, and which therefore are transcriptionally active and can be used as vectors for foreign gene expression, are poorly propagated in rv-infected cells and do not interfere with rv replication. to allow di-like amplific ... | 1999 | 10196276 |
| update on emerging infections from the centers for disease control and prevention. update rabies postexposure prophylaxis guidelines. | 1999 | 10216339 |