Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| high diversity of genetic lineages and virulence genes in nasal staphylococcus aureus isolates from donkeys destined to food consumption in tunisia with predominance of the ruminant associated cc133 lineage. | the objective of this study was to determine the genetic lineages and the incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants of nasal staphylococcus aureus isolates of healthy donkeys destined to food consumption in tunisia. | 2012 | 23107174 |
| characterisation of early and late bovine papillomavirus protein expression in equine sarcoids. | sarcoids are common skin tumours of horses and donkeys that are characterised by persistent proliferation of dermal fibroblasts associated with the presence of bovine papillomavirus (bpv) dna. some early bpv proteins have been demonstrated within sarcoids and rna containing both early and late transcripts is present, yet it remains unclear whether late replication of bpv, culminating in the production of infectious virus particles, can occur in equids. here we report that bpv1 rna isolated from ... | 2013 | 23123175 |
| donkey pericardium as an alternative bioprosthetic heart valve material. | this study comparatively evaluates the characteristics of glutaraldehyde-treated acellular bovine and donkey pericardium using histological and electronic microscopic observation techniques, shrinkage temperature, and mechanical properties, as well as determining calcium and phosphorus content at 4 and 8 weeks after the subcutaneous implantation of donkey and bovine pericardium in wistar rats. donkey pericardium was significantly thinner compared with bovine pericardium (1.622 ± 0.161 mm vs. 4. ... | 2013 | 23145868 |
| participatory diagnosis and prioritization of constraints to cattle production in some smallholder farming areas of zimbabwe. | a participatory epidemiological study was conducted to identify and prioritize constraints to livestock health and production on smallholder farms in sanyati and gokwe districts of zimbabwe. questionnaires were administered to 294 randomly selected livestock owners across the two districts. livestock diseases (29% of the respondents), high cost of drugs (18.21%), weak veterinary extension (15.18%), inadequate grazing (13.60%), inadequate water (13.54%), and livestock thefts (10.44%) were the maj ... | 2013 | 23149306 |
| hemato-biochemical responses to packing in donkeys administered ascorbic acid during the harmattan season. | experiments were performed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (aa) in reducing hemato-biochemical changes in pack donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) season. six experimental donkeys administered orally aa (200 mg/kg) and six control donkeys not administered ascorbic acid were subjected to packing. blood samples were collected from all donkeys for hematological and biochemical analyses. in the control donkeys, packed cell volume (pcv), erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration ( ... | 2015 | 23154452 |
| [reference relationships between human and animal in hildegard von bingen]. | in "de animalibus", the 7th book in the "liber simplicis medicinae", hildegard von bingen describes the characteristics of four-footed land animals. some of these have a special relationship with humans in that they embody moral qualities. an explanation for this is already given in the preface, which states that human intelligence recognizes these qualities, declaring that "you are this or that sort of creature". since the relationship that animals have with nature shares a degree of similarity ... | 2012 | 23155757 |
| [the prevalence of liver trematodes in equines in different cities of turkey]. | this study was carried out between march 2004- april 2005 to determine the prevalance of liver trematode infections of equids in different cities of turkey. | 2012 | 23169158 |
| nonprimate hepaciviruses in domestic horses, united kingdom. | although the origin of hepatitis c virus infections in humans remains undetermined, a close homolog of this virus, termed canine hepacivirus (chv) and found in respiratory secretions of dogs, provides evidence for a wider distribution of hepaciviruses in mammals. we determined frequencies of active infection among dogs and other mammals in the united kingdom. samples from dogs (46 respiratory, 99 plasma, 45 autopsy samples) were chv negative by pcr. screening of 362 samples from cats, horses, do ... | 0 | 23171728 |
| primary cilia in the basal cells of equine epididymis: a serendipitous finding. | occurrence of a solitary cilium was an unexpected discovery while studying the ultrastructure of epididymal epithelium in equidae. primary cilia were detected in epididymal basal cells of all individuals of the equines studied - horses, donkey and mules - independently from age and tract of the duct, emerging from the basal cell surface and insinuating into the intercellular spaces. more rarely solitary cilia occurred also at the luminal surface of the principal cells. the ciliary apparatus was ... | 2013 | 23182032 |
| effect of sperm concentration on characteristics of frozen-thawed semen in donkeys. | in this study, the effect of donkey sperm concentration in the straw during cryopreservation on the quality of thawed semen was evaluated. samples from seven adult martina franca jackasses were collected three times using a missouri artificial vagina. after estimation of volume and concentration, raw semen was evaluated for motility using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (casa); viability and acrosome integrity were also determined. fresh semen was then centrifuged and re-suspended at five dif ... | 2012 | 23182476 |
| triacylglycerol stereospecific analysis and linear discriminant analysis for milk speciation. | product authenticity is an important topic in dairy sector. dairy products sold for public consumption must be accurately labelled in accordance with the contained milk species. linear discriminant analysis (lda), a common chemometric procedure, has been applied to fatty acid% composition to classify pure milk samples (cow, ewe, buffalo, donkey, goat). all original grouped cases were correctly classified, while 90% of cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. another objective of ... | 2013 | 23186782 |
| effect of colla corii asini (e'jiao) on d-galactose induced aging mice. | colla corii asini (e'jiao), donkey-hide gelatin prepared by stewing and concentrating from equus asinus l. donkey hide, is a traditional chinese medicine preparation widely used in clinical hematic antanemic therapy in china. the aim of the present study was to investigate potential anti-aging effect of colla corii asini and explore related mechanisms in d-galactose (gal) induced aging model mice. the mice were artificially induced aging by subcutaneously injection with d-gal at the dose of 100 ... | 2012 | 23207764 |
| influence of season on testicular morphometry and semen characteristics in martina franca jackasses. | as other european donkey breeds, martina franca could be considered an endangered breed because of the population number (48 jackasses and 515 jennies in 2011). to increase donkey population and breed biodiversity preservation, several research projects on donkey reproduction have been performed; however reproductive seasonality has been only partially investigated in jackasses. for this reason the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seasons and of long (spring to summer; ss) and ... | 2013 | 23218651 |
| helping donkeys to 'be safe, be seen'. | 2012 | 23223469 | |
| identification of piroplasms isolated from asymptomatic equine species from southern spain. | the aim of the study was to detect the presence of genetic material of equine piroplasmas and to determine the species isolates from apparently healthy equids, including horses, donkeys and mules, in southern spain. blood samples were collected from 135 animals to assess the presence of dna from equine piroplasmas using pcr. babesia (b.) caballi dna was detected in blood samples of three horses and one donkey, while theileria (t.) equi dna was confirmed in blood of 19 horses, three mules and one ... | 2012 | 23227769 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus in egyptian donkeys. | the present study was carried out during the period from august 2009 to july 2010. the purpose of this study was to identify the genotype of donkeys' echinococcosis in one of the egyptian governorates. on post-mortem inspection taking place at the zoo of beni-suef, egypt, a total number of 145 donkeys were examined for the presence of hydatid cysts. ten of these donkeys were found to be infected by hydatid cysts; and location, number and fertility of cysts found were determined. the liver was th ... | 2013 | 23246076 |
| dot and the nodding donkeys-- sycophancy at work. | 2012 | 23256328 | |
| spatial cognition and perseveration by horses, donkeys and mules in a simple a-not-b detour task. | we investigated perseveration and detour behaviour in 36 equids (equus caballus, e. asinus, e. caballus × e. asinus) and compared these data to those of a previous study on domestic dogs (canis familiaris). the animals were required to make a detour through a gap at one end of a straight barrier in order to reach a visible target. after one, two, three or four repeats (a trials), the gap was moved to the opposite end of the barrier (b trials). we recorded initial deviations from the correct solu ... | 2013 | 23271641 |
| streptococcus orisasini sp. nov. and streptococcus dentasini sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavity of donkeys. | four gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccoid isolates that were obtained from donkey oral cavities formed two distinct clonal groups when characterized by phenotypic and phylogenetic studies. from the results of biochemical tests, the organisms were tentatively identified as a streptococcal species. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed the organisms to be members of the genus streptococcus. two of the isolates were related most closely to streptococcus ursoris with 95.6 % sim ... | 2013 | 23291897 |
| common host-derived chemicals increase catches of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and can improve early warning systems for rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever (rvf), a mosquito-borne zoonosis, is a major public health and veterinary problem in sub-saharan africa. surveillance to monitor mosquito populations during the inter-epidemic period (iep) and viral activity in these vectors is critical to informing public health decisions for early warning and control of the disease. using a combination of field bioassays, electrophysiological and chemical analyses we demonstrated that skin-derived aldehydes (heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decana ... | 2013 | 23326620 |
| effect of packing on changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malondialdehyde concentration in donkeys administered with ascorbic acid. | experiments were performed with the aim of investigating the effect of packing on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (eof) and malondialdehyde (mda) concentration in donkeys, and the effect of ascorbic acid (aa). twelve apparently healthy donkeys raised under the traditional extensive system served as experimental subjects. six donkeys administered orally with aa (200 mg/kg) and subjected to packing were used as experimental animals, whilst six others not administered with aa served as controls. bloo ... | 2012 | 23327322 |
| baseline survey of animal trypanosomosis in the region of the boucle du mouhoun, burkina faso. | in view of gathering baseline information about the prevalence of animal trypanosomosis, the pan african tsetse and trypanosomiasis eradication campaign (pattec) funded a cross sectional survey in the region of the boucle du mouhoun which constitutes the northern limit of the tsetse distribution in burkina. this cross sectional study was carried out in 53 villages located in the six provinces of the region. a total of 2002 cattle, 1466 small ruminants and 481 donkeys were sampled. this survey sh ... | 2013 | 23337746 |
| profiling and quantifying polar lipids in milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light-scattering and mass spectrometry detection. | in this work, a high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection method has been developed and applied for quantification of the polar content of the lipid fraction in milk samples of different origin. from a chromatographic stand-point, a 4.6-mm i.d. hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column was employed to attain a baseline separation of major phospholipid classes contained in the various milk samples tested. quantitative analysis was performed by t ... | 2013 | 23361226 |
| prevalence, hematology, and treatment of balantidiasis among donkeys in and around lahore, pakistan. | the prevalence of balantidium coli among donkeys in lahore and adjoining areas was surveyed and a trial conducted to determine the efficacy of two antiprotozoal drugs: secnidazole (dysen forte) and kalonji (nigella sativa). four-hundred donkeys were examined, and 73 (18.3%) were found positive for balantidium coli. a slight decrease in pcv and an increase in hb values of infected donkeys were found after antiprotozoal treatment. secnidazole was 89.5% effective for the treatment of equine balanti ... | 2013 | 23394797 |
| relationship between ultrasound measurements of body fat reserves and body condition score in female donkeys. | several methods have been developed to monitor body fat reserves of farm animals and body condition scoring (bcs) is generally assumed to be the most practical. objective methods, such as real time ultrasonography (rtu), are accepted methods for measuring fat reserves in several farm species but there is no published information about the use of rtu to monitor body fat reserves in donkeys. the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between rtu measurements and bcs in female d ... | 2013 | 23395347 |
| complete genome sequence of a rabies virus isolate from cattle in guangxi, southern china. | a street rabies virus (rv) isolate, gxhxn, was obtained from brain tissue of rabid cattle in the guangxi zhuang autonomous region of china in 2009. gxhxn is the first isolate from cattle in china with its entire genome sequenced and is closely related to bj2011e from horse in beijing, wh11 from donkey in the hubei province, and isolates from dogs in the guangxi and fujian provinces, with homologies of 97.6% to 99.6%. it is more distantly related to isolates from domestic cat, pig, chinese ferret ... | 2013 | 23405368 |
| control of the chewing louse bovicola (werneckiella) ocellatus in donkeys, using essential oils. | infestations by lice can be a significant clinical and welfare issue in the management of large animals. the limited range of commercial pediculicides available and the development of resistance have led to the need to explore alternative louse management approaches. the results of in vitro and in vivo trials undertaken to control populations of the donkey chewing louse, bovicola ocellatus (piaget) (phthiraptera: trichodectidae) using the essential oils of tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia) and l ... | 2013 | 23414090 |
| nephrectomy via ventral median celiotomy in equids. | to report technique for, and outcome after, nephrectomy through a ventral median celiotomy in equids. | 2013 | 23432332 |
| asinibacterium lactis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family chitinophagaceae, isolated from donkey (equus asinus) milk. | a novel bacterial strain, designated lcj02(t), was isolated on r2a agar from donkey (equus asinus) milk powder and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. strain lcj02(t) showed a gram-negative reaction, was non-motile, non-spore-forming and possessed rod-shaped cells and yellow-pigmented colonies. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the novel isolate formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with cultured members of the gene ... | 2013 | 23435252 |
| mitochondrial phylogenomics of modern and ancient equids. | the genus equus is richly represented in the fossil record, yet our understanding of taxonomic relationships within this genus remains limited. to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among modern horses, zebras, asses and donkeys, we generated the first data set including complete mitochondrial sequences from all seven extant lineages within the genus equus. bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference confirms that zebras are monophyletic within the genus, and the plains and grevy ... | 2013 | 23437078 |
| analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal adult miniature donkeys. | to establish reference intervals for serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) parameters in clinically healthy adult miniature donkeys. | 2013 | 23444916 |
| incidence, management, and outcome of complications of castration in equids: 324 cases (1998-2008). | to determine the incidence of complications and identify risk factors associated with development of complications following routine castration of equids. | 2013 | 23445295 |
| antitumour effects of pentapeptide derived from donkey serum albumin both in vitro and in vivo. | antitumour effects of pentapeptide (lh) derived from donkey serum albumin hydrolysates were tested against tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo. the mechanism of lh induced tumour cell apoptosis was investigated. | 2013 | 23454170 |
| functional consequences of ethidium bromide demyelination of the mouse ventral spinal cord. | ethidium bromide (eb) has been extensively used in the rat as a model of spinal cord demyelination. however, this lesion has not been addressed in the adult mouse, a model with unlimited genetic potential. here we characterize behavioral function, inflammation, myelin status and axonal viability following bilateral injection of 0.20 mg/ml ethidium bromide or saline into the ventral white matter (vwm) of female c57bl/6 mice. eb-induced vwm demyelination significantly reduced spared vwm and basso ... | 2013 | 23466931 |
| sperm motility patterns in andalusian donkey (equus asinus) semen: effects of body weight, age, and semen quality. | the aims of this study were to (1) identify sperm subpopulations with specific motion characteristics in fresh andalusian donkey ejaculates; (2) evaluate the effects of individual donkey and ejaculates within the same donkey on the distribution of the subpopulations found; and (3) explore the relationship between the age and the body weight of donkey donors, the sperm quality parameters, and the sperm subpopulations structure. sixty ejaculates from 12 andalusian donkeys (five ejaculates per donk ... | 2013 | 23473870 |
| comparative endocrinological responses to short transportation of equidae (equus asinus and equus caballus). | in order to evaluate the effects of short transportation on β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and cortisol changes, 12 healthy stallions of equidae (equus asinus and equus caballus) were studied before and after transportation of 50 km. blood samples were collected 1 week before transportation in basal conditions, immediately before loading and after transportation and unloading, on their arrival at the breeding station. compared to basal and before values, donkeys showed an increa ... | 2012 | 23480707 |
| symbolic metal bit and saddlebag fastenings in a middle bronze age donkey burial. | here we report the unprecedented discovery of the skeleton of a ritually interred donkey with a metal horse bit in association with its teeth and saddlebag fastenings on its back. this discovery in the middle bronze age iii sacred precinct (1700/1650-1550 bce) at tel haror, israel, presents a unique combination of evidence for the early employment of equid harnessing equipment, both for chariot bridling (horse bit) and pack animals (saddlebags). the ritually deposited donkey with its unique acco ... | 2013 | 23484046 |
| current status of equine piroplasmosis in the sudan. | this is a cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study on equine piroplasmosis (ep) affecting horses and donkeys in the sudan. the study evaluated 499 samples from geographically distinct regions in eastern, central and western parts of the country. pcr amplification of the 18s rrna gene of both thelieria equi and babesia caballi was carried out. horses from all sampled areas were found positive to t. equi dna but no b. caballi was detected. absence of b. caballi infection was confirmed by an ... | 2013 | 23485745 |
| curse on two generations: a history of congenital syphilis. | before the microbiologic era, venereal diseases were poorly distinguished. congenital syphilis was believed to be transmitted during conception by the father's sperm, during delivery in the birth canal, or from infected milk or breasts. the most frequent maternofetal transmission was not considered because the mother's primary infection remained undiagnosed. the concept of treating infants with mercury transmitted by nurses' milk prompted the founding of a specialized infant hospital in vaugirar ... | 2013 | 23485862 |
| isolation and identification of bacteriocinogenic strain of lactobacillus plantarum with potential beneficial properties from donkey milk. | the goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a lactic acid bacteria (lab) from donkey milk with potential beneficial properties. | 2013 | 23489977 |
| dna-based authentication method for detection of yak (bos grunniens) in meat products. | a taqman probe real-time pcr method was developed for rapid detection of yak component in raw and cooked meat products. specific primers and taqman probes of yak (bos grunniens) were designed in the cytochrome b gene. the specificity of the method was evaluated using pure meat of eight yak breeds (jiulong, qinghai plateau, maiwa, gannan, bazhou, sibu, zhongdian, and jiali) samples and nine non-bos grunniens animals (sheep, goat, pig, chicken, cattle, water buffalo, donkey, horse, and rabbit). dn ... | 2013 | 23513969 |
| in situ characterization of glycans in the urothelium of donkey bladder: evidence of secretion of sialomucins. | the glycoprotein pattern was investigated by lectin histochemistry in the urothelium lining the urinary bladder of the donkey equus asinus. tissue sections were stained with a panel of twelve lectins, in combination with saponification and sialidase digestion (k-s). the urinary bladder urothelium has three distinct layers from the basal zone to the lumen consisting of basal, intermediate and superficial cells (umbrella cells). cytoplasm of basal cells reacted with sna, pna, k-s-pna, gsa i-b4 and ... | 2013 | 23523263 |
| subchromosomal karyotype evolution in equidae. | equidae is a small family which comprises horses, african and asiatic asses, and zebras. despite equids having diverged quite recently, their karyotypes underwent rapid evolution which resulted in extensive differences among chromosome complements in respective species. comparative mapping using whole-chromosome painting probes delineated genome-wide chromosome homologies among extant equids, enabling us to trace chromosome rearrangements that occurred during evolution. in the present study, we ... | 2013 | 23532666 |
| analysis of new matrilin-1 gene variants in a case-control study related to dental malocclusions in equus asinus. | prognathism and brachygnathism are craniofacial deformities that severely affect the health of human and vertebrates, such as donkeys. the multifactorial etiology of this disease makes the genetic analysis a powerful tool for its understanding and prevention of spreading these deformities. this study aims to contribute to the characterization of the genetic basis of prognathism and brachygnathism in donkeys, using the zamorano-leonés donkey, an endangered spanish breed, as a model. matrilin-1 (m ... | 2013 | 23558247 |
| field efficacy of eprinomectin against the sucking louse haematopinus asini on naturally infested donkeys. | a trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of eprinomectin (epr) against the sucking louse haematopinus asini on naturally infested donkeys. parasitological investigations were performed on fifteen animals. on day 0, donkeys received epr pour-on at the manufacturer's recommended cattle dose. louse counts were performed on days -1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 at seven predilection sites on the skin of each donkey. epr was completely effective (100%) from day 7, until the end of the study. ... | 2013 | 23566937 |
| the mathematical modeling of the lactation curve for dairy traits of the donkey (equus asinus). | in recent years, an increase in the number of donkeys farmed in italy as a consequence of the growing demand for donkey milk for direct consumption has been observed. some research has been carried out on jenny milk composition and on its nutritional properties, whereas milk production features are scarcely described for this species. in this work, the lactation curve shape of donkeys for milk yield and composition was investigated. a total of 453 test-day records for milk yield, fat and protein ... | 2013 | 23587386 |
| a histomorphological analysis of human and non-human femora. | histology is used to describe post-mortem bone alterations, trauma, pathology and age estimation and to separate human and non-human bones. many scholars are however not familiar with the intricate and variable microstructure of bone, and due to the complex nature of some classification systems, bone histomorphology is often incorrectly described or identified. little information is available on the histomorphology of non-human bones found in southern africa, and therefore, the aim of this study ... | 2014 | 23604414 |
| postpartum reproductive activities and gestation length in martina franca jennies, an endangered italian donkey breed. | the donkey reproductive physiology is still partially known despite the increasing risk of extinction involving several breeds. the present study was designed to describe the postpartum (pp) reproductive performance of an italian endangered breed: the martina franca donkey. to this aim, 52 jennies were monitored to define the foal-heat (fh) and the first and second pp estrus episodes (1st ppe and 2nd ppe). the data indicate that jennies spontaneously recovered reproduction in approximately 10 da ... | 2013 | 23611407 |
| extensive polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex dra gene in balkan donkeys: perspectives on selection and genealogy. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) contains genes important for immune response in mammals, and these genes exhibit high polymorphism and diversity. the dra gene, a member of the mhc class ii family, is highly conserved across a large number of mammalian species, but it displays exceptionally rich sequence variations in equidae members. we analyzed allelic polymorphism of the dra locus in 248 donkeys sampled across the balkan peninsula (albania, bulgaria, croatia, macedonia, greece and m ... | 2013 | 23621397 |
| male isolation: a behavioral representation of the pheromonal 'female effect' in donkey (equus asinus). | the appearance of a decisive component of the sexual response to chemosexual signals in the male donkey was investigated through a comparison of the variations in the time-span of the behavioral classes and units for the natural versus induced breeding seasons. the results demonstrate that there are significant variations in the length of the appetitive sexual behavior (asb) and consummatory sexual behavior (csb) under these two reproductive conditions. these differences are analyzed for the asb ... | 2013 | 23643586 |
| prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in khartoum, sudan. | diarrheal diseases represent a major worldwide public health problem particularly in developing countries. each year, at least four million children under five years of age die from diarrhea. rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and some bacterial species are the most common identified infectious agents responsible for diarrhea in young children worldwide. this study was conducted to determine prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in khartoum state, ... | 2013 | 23657114 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus cylicocyclus (nematoda: strongylidae) based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data. | seven species of cylicocyclus ihle, 1922 (nematoda: strongylidae) were collected from donkeys from henan province, china. five samples of each species were selected for sequencing. sixteen different internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences representing the seven species of cylicocyclus were obtained. sequence differences in the first internal transcribed spacer (its-1) among species was lower than that of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2). phylogenetic analyses were conducted usi ... | 2013 | 23666651 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered horses and donkeys in liaoning province, northeastern china. | toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic pathogen infecting humans and almost all warm-blooded animals. the most common sources of human infection are ingestion of tissue cysts in raw or undercooked meat. however, limited information is available about t. gondii infection in horses and donkeys in china. in the present study, we report the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in horses and donkeys in liaoning province, northeastern china. | 2013 | 23680297 |
| post-ischemic treatment with l-kynurenine sulfate exacerbates neuronal damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. | since brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of adult disability and death, neuroprotection of the ischemic brain is of particular importance. acute neuroprotective strategies usually have the aim of suppressing glutamate excitotoxicity and an excessive n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor function. clinically tolerated antagonists should antagonize an excessive nmda receptor function without compromising the normal synaptic function. kynurenic acid (kyna) an endogenous metabolite of the tr ... | 2013 | 23685169 |
| neuro-fuzzy controller to navigate an unmanned vehicle. | a neuro-fuzzy control method for an unmanned vehicle (uv) simulation is described. the objective is guiding an autonomous vehicle to a desired destination along a desired path in an environment characterized by a terrain and a set of distinct objects, such as obstacles like donkey traffic lights and cars circulating in the trajectory. the autonomous navigate ability and road following precision are mainly influenced by its control strategy and real-time control performance. fuzzy logic controlle ... | 2013 | 23705105 |
| management of zebras and zebra hybrids (zebroids). | equine practitioners are sometimes asked to treat zebras or zebra-horse or zebra-donkey hybrids. although these equids are subject to many of the same health issues as domestic horses, they cannot be handled like horses and generally require heavy sedation to full anesthesia, even for minor procedures. this usually necessitates the use of ultrapotent narcotics administered by remote delivery systems. this article discusses the handling, sedation, anesthesia, and common medical issues of zebras a ... | 2012 | 23705207 |
| development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for detection of theileria equi. | several approaches have been developed for diagnosis of theileria equi infection in horses and donkeys but all of them have limitations in practice. due to numerous strengths including easy operation, cheapness and high sensitivity and specificity, lamp has been already extensively used for surveillance of a number of diseases. we here set up a lamp assay based on 18s rrna gene for t. equi diagnosis. the approach was specific enough to differentiate t. equi from other evolutionary-related protoz ... | 2013 | 23711610 |
| identification of immuno-dominant antigens of trypanosoma evansi for detection of chronic trypanosomosis using experimentally infected equines. | trypanosoma evansi is the most extensively distributed trypanosome responsible for disease called surra in livestock in many countries including frequent outbreaks in india. the prevalence of this disease is most commonly reported by standard parasitological detection methods (spdm); however, antibody elisa is being in practice by locally produced whole cell lysate (wcl) antigens in many countries. in the present investigation, we attempted to identify and purify immuno dominant, infection speci ... | 2013 | 23714044 |
| pulmonary and hepatic lesions caused by the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing plants crotalaria juncea and crotalaria retusa in donkeys. | the effects and susceptibility of donkeys to crotalaria juncea and crotalaria retusa poisoning were determined at high and low doses. seeds of c. juncea containing 0.074% of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dhpas) (isohemijunceines 0.05%, trichodesmine 0.016%, and junceine 0.008%) were administered to three donkeys at 0.3, 0.6 and 1 g/kg body weight (g/kg) daily for 365 days. no clinical signs were observed and, on liver and lung biopsies, the only lesion was a mild liver megalocytosis in the don ... | 2013 | 23726858 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in horses and donkeys in yunnan province, southwestern china. | toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, with a worldwide distribution. there have been limited reports about the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in equids around the world and little is known about the seroprevalence of t. gondii in equids in southwestern china, in particular in yunnan province. the objective of the present investigation was to estimate the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in equids in th ... | 2013 | 23742078 |
| paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta. | the discovery of genomic imprinting through studies of manipulated mouse embryos indicated that the paternal genome has a major influence on placental development. however, previous research has not demonstrated paternal bias in imprinted genes. we applied rna sequencing to trophoblast tissue from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey, where genotypic differences allowed parent-of-origin identification of most expressed genes. using this approach, we identified a core group of 15 ancient imprin ... | 2013 | 23754418 |
| percutaneous approach for sialolith removal in a donkey. | salivary duct lithiasis is a condition characterized by the partial or total obstruction ofa salivary gland or its excretory duct due to the formation of sialoliths. a 9-year-old female donkey, belonging to the unique and endangered indigenous breed of donkey in portugal, was diagnosed with a sialolith in the rostral portion of the right parotid duct based on clinical, oral, dental, and radiographic examination results. surgical removal of the sialolith was done through a percutaneous approach. | 2013 | 23757823 |
| validation of a cell-based elisa as a screening tool identifying anti-alphavirus small-molecule inhibitors. | venezuelan (veev), eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses, members of the genus alphavirus, are causative agents of debilitative and sometimes fatal encephalitis. although human cases are rare, these viruses pose a threat to military personnel, and to public health, due to their potential use as bioweapons. currently, there are no licensed therapeutics for treating alphavirus infections. to address this need, small-molecules with potential anti-alphavirus activity, provided by collabor ... | 2013 | 23764417 |
| a non-cholinergic neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine nucleus of toxin-evoked parkinsonian rats. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) controls various physiological functions, whilst being deemed a suitable target for low-frequency stimulation therapy for alleviating aspects of parkinson's disease (pd). previous studies showed that the ppn contains mainly cholinergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)ergic and glutamatergic neurons. here we report on the total number of ppn neurons in laboratory rats, a species frequently used as an experimental model for simulating aspects of human pd. moreover, th ... | 2013 | 23769975 |
| lipid composition analysis of milk fats from different mammalian species: potential for use as human milk fat substitutes. | the lipid compositions of commercial milks from cow, buffalo, donkey, sheep, and camel were compared with that of human milk fat (hmf) based on total and sn-2 fatty acid, triacylglycerol (tag), phospholipid, and phospholipid fatty acid compositions and melting and crystallization profiles, and their degrees of similarity were digitized and differentiated by an evaluation model. the results showed that these milk fats had high degrees of similarity to hmf in total fatty acid composition. however, ... | 2013 | 23800239 |
| recalibrating equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early middle pleistocene horse. | the rich fossil record of equids has made them a model for evolutionary processes. here we present a 1.12-times coverage draft genome from a horse bone recovered from permafrost dated to approximately 560-780 thousand years before present (kyr bp). our data represent the oldest full genome sequence determined so far by almost an order of magnitude. for comparison, we sequenced the genome of a late pleistocene horse (43 kyr bp), and modern genomes of five domestic horse breeds (equus ferus caball ... | 2013 | 23803765 |
| species identification of asini corii collas (donkey glue) by pcr amplification of cytochrome b gene. | asini corii collas (acc; donkey glue) is a crude drug used to promote hematopoiesis and arrest bleeding. because adulteration of the drug with substances from other animals such as horses, cattle, and pigs has been found, we examined pcr methods based on the sequence of the cytochrome b gene for source species identification. two strategies for extracting dna from acc were compared, and the ion-exchange resin procedure was revealed to be more suitable than the silica-based one. using dna extract ... | 2013 | 23807625 |
| il26 gene inactivation in equidae. | interleukin-26 (il26) is a member of the il10 cytokine family. the il26 gene is located between two other well-known cytokines genes of this family encoding interferon-gamma (ifng) and il22 in an evolutionary conserved gene cluster. in contrast to humans and most other mammals, mice lack a functional il26 gene. we analyzed the genome sequences of other vertebrates for the presence or absence of functional il26 orthologs and found that the il26 gene has also become inactivated in several equid sp ... | 2013 | 23808390 |
| pour-on alphacypermethrin is an effective treatment for natural werneckiella equi infection in donkeys (equus asinus). | 2013 | 23826989 | |
| loss of neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla that express neurokinin-1 receptors decreases the development of hyperalgesia. | it is well known that neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) are involved in descending modulation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. it has been shown that activation of neurokinin-1 receptors (nk-1rs) in the rvm, which are presumably located on pain facilitating on cells, produces hyperalgesia whereas blockade of nk-1rs attenuates hyperalgesia. to obtain a better understanding of the functions of nk-1r expressing neurons in the rvm, we selectively ablated these neurons ... | 2013 | 23831426 |
| essential trace elements in milk and blood serum of lactating donkeys as affected by lactation stage and dietary supplementation with trace elements. | the aim of this trial was to study the concentration of zinc (zn), iron (fe), copper (cu), manganese (mn), selenium (se), cobalt (co) and iodine (i) in milk and blood serum of lactating donkeys, taking into account the effects of lactation stage and dietary supplementation with trace elements. during a 3-month period, 16 clinically healthy lactating donkeys (martina-franca-derived population), randomly divided into two homogeneous groups (control (ctl) and trace elements (te)), were used to prov ... | 2013 | 23845762 |
| day-night differences in neural activation in histaminergic and serotonergic areas with putative projections to the cerebrospinal fluid in a diurnal brain. | in nocturnal rodents, brain areas that promote wakefulness have a circadian pattern of neural activation that mirrors the sleep/wake cycle, with more neural activation during the active phase than during the rest phase. to investigate whether differences in temporal patterns of neural activity in wake-promoting regions contribute to differences in daily patterns of wakefulness between nocturnal and diurnal species, we assessed fos expression patterns in the tuberomammillary (tmm), supramammillar ... | 2013 | 23867764 |
| comparison of the mechanical hypoalgesic effects of five α2-adrenoceptor agonists in donkeys. | pharmacological pain management is necessary under many clinical situations, but in donkeys little information on analgesic drugs is available. this controlled, randomised, crossover, latin-square, operator-blinded study aimed to assess and compare the hypoalgesic effects of intravenously administered saline and five α2-adrenoceptor agonists on mechanical nociceptive thresholds (mnt) in donkeys. areas under the threshold change versus time curve values for 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 and 90-120 minutes p ... | 2013 | 23878192 |
| effect of donkey seminal plasma on sperm movement and sperm-polymorphonuclear neutrophils attachment in vitro. | to evaluate the effect of seminal plasma in endometrial inflammation in donkeys, samples from fresh pure, fresh diluted and frozen-thawed semen of three different jackasses were co-incubated in water bath at 37°c with uterine jennie's secretions collected 6h after artificial insemination with frozen-thawed donkey semen. individual sperm movement parameters using the computerised sperm analysis system (casa) and sperm-polymorphonuclear neutrophils (sperm-pmn) attachment observed in diff-quick sta ... | 2013 | 23891218 |
| long-term liraglutide treatment is associated with increased insulin content and secretion in β-cells, and a loss of α-cells in zdf rats. | the ultimate treatment goal of diabetes is to preserve and restore islet cell function. treatment of certain diabetic animal models with incretins has been reported to preserve and possibly enhance islet function and promote islet cell growth. the studies reported here detail islet cell anatomy in animals chronically treated with the incretin analog, liraglutide. our aim was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze islet cells from diabetic animals treated with vehicle (control) or liraglutid ... | 2013 | 23891763 |
| noise-induced changes in expression levels of nadph oxidases in the cochlea. | nadph oxidases are enzymes that transport electrons across the plasma membrane and generate superoxide radical from molecular oxygen. the current study investigated the expression and distribution of nox/duox members of the nadph oxidase family (nox1-5 and duox1-2) in the rat cochlea and their regulation in response to noise. wistar rats (8-10 weeks) were exposed for 24 h to band noise (8-12 khz) at moderate (100 db) or traumatic (110 db) sound pressure levels (spl). animals exposed to ambient n ... | 2013 | 23899412 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of prion protein gene in xiji donkey in china. | prion diseases are a group of human and animal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the deposition of an abnormal isoform prion protein (prp(sc)) encoded by a single copy prion protein gene (prnp). prion disease has been reported in many herbivores but not in equus and the species barrier might be playing a role in resistance of these species to the disease. therefore, analysis of genotype of prion protein (prp) in these species may help understand the transmission of the disease. xiji donkey i ... | 2013 | 23954254 |
| orexinergic innervation of urocortin1 and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript neurons in the midbrain centrally projecting edinger-westphal nucleus. | orexin is a neuropeptide that has been implicated in several processes, such as induction of appetite, arousal and alertness and sleep/wake regulation. multiple lines of evidence also suggest that orexin is involved in the stress response. when orexin is administered intracerebroventricular it activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (hpa)-axis, which is the main regulator of the stress response. the hpa-axis is not the only player in the stress response evidence suggests that urocortin 1 (u ... | 2013 | 23958928 |
| influence of dental correction on nociceptive test responses, fecal appearance, body condition score, and apparent digestibility coefficient for dry matter of zamorano-leones donkeys (equus asinus). | the influence of dental correction on nociceptive (pressure) test responses, fecal appearance, bcs, and apparent digestibility coefficient for dm was studied in 18 zamorano-leonés donkeys, an endangered local breed from the zamora province in spain. for this purpose, donkeys were divided into 2 homogeneous control and treatment groups, based on age, bcs, and dental findings. on d 1, 45, 90, and 135, bcs and nociceptive test responses were evaluated in all donkeys. feed and fecal samples were col ... | 2013 | 23965395 |
| acute up-regulation of the rat brain somatostatin receptor-effector system by leptin is related to activation of insulin signaling and may counteract central leptin actions. | leptin and somatostatin (srif) have opposite effects on food seeking and ingestive behaviors, functions partially regulated by the frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus. although it is known that the acute suppression of food intake mediated by leptin decreases with time, the counter-regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. our aims were to analyze the effect of acute central leptin infusion on the srif receptor-effector system in these areas and the implication of related intracellular signaling m ... | 2013 | 23973620 |
| lack of mitochondrial dna structure in balkan donkey is consistent with a quick spread of the species after domestication. | a total of 132 mtdna sequences from 10 balkan donkey populations were analysed to ascertain their regional genetic structure and to contribute to the knowledge of the spreading of the species after domestication. the balkan donkey sequences were compared with those from 40 burkina faso donkeys as an african outgroup to account for possible local balkan scenarios. the 172 sequences gave 62 different haplotypes (55 in balkan donkey). virtually all the analysed populations had haplotypes assigned t ... | 2014 | 23980868 |
| phylogenetic relationships among perissodactyla: secretoglobin 1a1 gene duplication and triplication in the equidae family. | secretoglobin family 1a member 1 (scgb 1a1) is a small anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory protein that is abundantly secreted in airway surface fluids. we recently reported the existence of three distinct scgb1a1 genes in the domestic horse genome as opposed to the single gene copy consensus present in other mammals. the origin of scgb1a1 gene triplication and the evolutionary relationship of the three genes amongst equidae family members are unknown. for this study, scgb1a1 genomic data wer ... | 2013 | 23988306 |
| non-neoplastic lesions of equine skin in the central united states and canada: a retrospective study. | a retrospective study evaluated the clinical data and histologic features of non-neoplastic dermatologic lesions in skin biopsies from horses, donkeys, and mules submitted over a 10-year period to the colorado state university diagnostic medicine center and to the university of saskatchewan western college of veterinary medicine and prairie diagnostic services. a total of 1793 non-neoplastic biopsies were available for analysis. based on the histologic description and morphologic diagnosis, each ... | 2013 | 23997263 |
| participatory study of medicinal plants used in the control of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys in eastern shewa and arsi zones of oromia region, ethiopia. | gastrointestinal nematode infections constitute a threat to the health and welfare of donkeys worldwide. their primary means of control is via anthelmintic treatments; however, use of these drugs has constraints in developing countries, including cost, limited availability, access to cheaper generic forms of variable quality and potential anthelmintic resistance. as an alternative, bioactive plants have been proposed as an option to treat and control gastrointestinal helminths in donkeys. this s ... | 2013 | 24025403 |
| glanders in donkeys (equus asinus) in the state of pernambuco, brazil: a case report. | the clinical, anatomical and histopatological findings of glanders diagnosis in donkeys in the state of pernambuco-brazil are reported. the animals were euthanized and necropsied, and evaluated for lesions in respiratory and lymphatic systems, confirming the disease by isolation of burkholderia mallei and strauss test. | 2010 | 24031474 |
| zygomycetes from herbivore dung in the ecological reserve of dois irmãos, northeast brazil. | thirty-eight taxa of zygomycetes distributed in 15 genera were recorded from tapir (tapirus terrestris), camel (camelus bactrianus), horse (equus caballus), deer (cervus elaphus), agouti (dasyprocta aguti), donkey (equus asinus), llama (llama glama) and waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) dung collected at the reserva ecológica de dois irmãos located in recife, state of pernambuco, northeast brazil. the samples were collected on a monthly basis from june 2005 to may 2006, taken to the laboratory an ... | 2011 | 24031609 |
| insulin dysregulation. | abnormalities of insulin metabolism include hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and these problems are collectively referred to as insulin dysregulation in this review. insulin dysregulation is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome: a collection of endocrine and metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of laminitis in horses, ponies and donkeys. insulin dysregulation can also accompany prematurity and systemic illness in foals. causes of insulin resistance are discuss ... | 2014 | 24033478 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of neospora spp. in donkeys from southern italy. | in some european countries there is an increasing interest on donkey. despite there are few data regarding the donkey's parasitic diseases especially those with a protozoal etiology as neosporosis. samples used in the study were collected from 238 domestic donkeys during year 2010 in southern italy from 207 females and 31 males of five breeds (martina-franca, amiata, sicilian-grey, ragusano, sardinian) and crossbreeds with the average age 9 years (1 month - 24 year). sera were tested by a compet ... | 2013 | 24050943 |
| chronic binge-like alcohol consumption in adolescence causes depression-like symptoms possibly mediated by the effects of bdnf on neurogenesis. | here we investigated whether changes in neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) expression are possible mechanisms involved in the depression-like symptom during the withdrawal/abstinence period after chronic binge-pattern alcohol consumption given the limited number of studies addressing the link between these factors in the adolescent brain. forty-seven male sprague-dawley rats were used in the study and the experimental protocol started when rats were 25-days old. rats were ... | 2013 | 24076087 |
| not small horses: improving treatments for donkeys. | 2013 | 24077145 | |
| links between l-glutamate transporters, na+/k+-atpase and cytoskeleton in astrocytes: evidence following inhibition with rottlerin. | astrocytes are plastic cells that play key roles in brain physiology and pathology, including via their glutamate transporters, excitatory amino acid transporter (eaat)1 and eaat2, maintaining low extracellular glutamate concentrations and protecting against excitotoxic neuronal injury. alterations in cell surface expression of eaats and astrocytic cytoskeleton are important for regulating transporter activity. this study employed the actions of rottlerin, to interrogate the regulation of eaat a ... | 2013 | 24095695 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in donkeys (equus asinus) in italy. | toxoplasmosis, an important zoonosis, can be transmitted by eating meat or drinking milk of animals infected with toxoplasma gondii. samples were collected from 238 donkeys in the year 2010 in italy, which included 207 females and 31 males of five breeds and crossbreeds with the average age 9 years (1 month-24 years). sera were tested for t. gondii antibodies using a latex agglutination test and the indirect fluorescent antibody test; 5 and 8% seropositivity were recorded, respectively. we found ... | 2014 | 24107428 |
| identification of potential platelet alloantigens in the equidae family by comparison of gene sequences encoding major platelet membrane glycoproteins. | platelet alloantigens in horses may play an important role in the development of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (nait). | 2013 | 24117539 |
| computed tomography and sectional anatomy of the head cavities in donkey (equus asinus). | the purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomographic (ct) anatomy of normal donkey head cavities to be used as a basis for interpretation of ct images of donkey. six adult donkeys' heads of undetermined sex were used in this study. the donkey heads were divided into three regions-nasal, orbital, and cranial-to show the morphology of the following cavities: nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbital cavity, oral cavity, pharyngeal cavity, especially the guttural pouch, cranial cavity ... | 2014 | 24129705 |
| seropositivity of toxoplasma gondii in domestic donkeys (equus asinus) and isolation of t. gondii from farm cats. | donkeys (equus asinus) are used as both companion and working animals throughout the world and in some countries, their meat and milk are used for human consumption. here we report the first serological survey of toxoplasma gondii in donkeys in the united states. serum samples from 373 donkeys from eight farms in five states were tested for t. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat). twenty-four of 373 (6.4%) of donkeys were seropositive, with mat titers ranging from 25 to ≥ 2 ... | 2014 | 24140163 |
| a demographic survey of unwanted horses in ireland in 2011 and totals for 2012 and a comparison with 2010. | this report compiles the available information on unwanted horses in ireland for 2011 and 2012 and builds upon the previous report for the period 2005 to 2010. similar trends are present in the high value responsible ownership category and the practicing veterinary profession although extensively involved in horse welfare, euthanises a small proportion of ireland's unwanted horses. welfare groups have limited resources and a limited ability to deal with such an extensive problem, which has invol ... | 2013 | 24156381 |
| clinical, ultrasonographic, and endocrinological studies on donkey pregnancy. | although donkey breeding has gained new interest in the past two decades, knowledge about donkey reproduction is still scarce, particularly on jenny pregnancy. the aim of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and endocrine profiles of the physiological pregnancy in the jenny. the study was performed on 12 pregnancies of 7 amiata donkeys from day 10 after ovulation to delivery. because three pregnancies, respectively at weeks 42, 44, and 45, were considered pathologic and treated pharma ... | 2014 | 24157228 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil for diagnosing glanders in mules. | to assess the potency of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil, five animals were from a property identified as a focus of glanders. these animals had suggestive clinical signs of the disease and the other five, from a property free from glanders, showed no clinical signs and were serology negative (control group). ppd-mallein from burkholderia mallei was obtained by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate. the animals were inoculated according to the criteria established by de ... | 2013 | 24159303 |
| regenerative medicine approach to reconstruction of the equine upper airway. | airway obstruction is a common cause of poor performance in horses. structural abnormalities (insufficient length, rigidity) can be a cause for the obstruction. currently, there are a few effective clinical options for reconstruction of the equine larynx. a regenerative medicine approach to reconstruction may provide the capability to stabilize laryngeal structures and to encourage restoration of site-appropriate, functional, and host-derived tissue. the purpose of this study was the histopathol ... | 2014 | 24160675 |
| comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species. | the rationale of this study was to use several immunological assays to investigate the reactivity of immunoglobulin binding protein (ibp) to immunoglobulins from various avian and mammalian species. the ibp studied were staphylococcal protein a (spa), streptococcal protein g (spg), peptostreptococcal protein l (spl) and recombinant protein la (spla). the various immunological techniques used were double immunodiffusion (ouchterlony technique) that tested positive high protein reactivities, direc ... | 2013 | 24171322 |