Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| rapid generation of new powdery mildew resistance genes after wheat domestication. | plant defence against pathogens is controlled by disease resistance (r) gene products that directly or indirectly detect specific pathogen effectors. plant-pathogen interactions have been proposed to follow a co-evolutionary arms-race model where r genes are recent and evolve rapidly in response to structural changes in matching pathogen effectors. however, the longevity and extensive polymorphism of r genes studied were more consistent with balancing selection maintaining ancient and diverse r ... | 2006 | 16740148 |
| the two main endoproteases present in dark-induced senescent wheat leaves are distinct subtilisin-like proteases. | we have previously reported the occurrence of two serine endoproteases (referred to as p1 and p2) in dark-induced senescent wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. p1 enzyme was already purified and identified as a subtilisin-like serine endoprotease (roberts et al. in physiol plant 118:483-490, 2003). in this paper, we demonstrate by western blot analysis of extracts obtained from dark-induced senescent leaves that an antiserum raised against p1 was able to recognise a second protein band of 78 kd ... | 2006 | 16741746 |
| effects of oxalate and phosphate on the release of arsenic from contaminated soils and arsenic accumulation in wheat. | oxalate is exuded by plants in the rhizosphere and plays an important role in the soil/root interactions. phosphate fertilizer is widely used all over the world and may influence the behavior of arsenic (as) in soils. in this study oxalate and phosphate were used as extractants to investigate their effects on the release of as from three as-contaminated soils and the chemical speciation of as. concentrations of arsenite (as(iii)) and arsenate (as(v)) released progressively increased by increasin ... | 2006 | 16750554 |
| molecular and structural characterization of hexameric beta-d-glucosidases in wheat and rye. | the wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) beta-d-glucosidases hydrolyze hydroxamic acid-glucose conjugates, exist as different types of isozyme, and function as oligomers. in this study, three cdnas encoding beta-d-glucosidases (taglu1a, taglu1b, and taglu1c) were isolated from young wheat shoots. although the taglu1s share very high sequence homology, the mrna level of taglu1c was much lower than the other two genes in 48- and 96-h-old wheat shoots. the expression ratio of each gen ... | 2006 | 16751439 |
| differential regulation of transcript accumulation and alternative splicing of a dreb2 homolog under abiotic stress conditions in common wheat. | a number of cold responsive (cor)/late embryogenesis abundant (lea) genes are induced by both low temperature (lt) and dehydration. to understand the molecular basis of cold acclimation and its relationship with drought stress response in wheat seedlings, we isolated a dreb2 homolog wdreb2, which is the candidate gene for a transcription factor of the cor/lea genes. the wdreb2 expression was activated by cold, drought, salt and exogenous aba treatment. detailed expression studies of wdreb2 indic ... | 2006 | 16755132 |
| [transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with increased resistance to the storage pest obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens--mediated]. | the transgenic wheat of improved resistance to the storage pest was production. we have introduced the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (cpti) into cultured embryonic callus cells of immature embryos of wheat elite line by agrobacterium-mediated method. independent plantlets were obtained from the kanamycin-resistant calli after screening. pcr and real time pcr analysis, pcr-southern and southern blot hybridization indicated that there were 3 transgenic plants viz. transformed- i, ii and iii (t- i, ... | 2006 | 16755923 |
| [study on molecular identification and pre-harvest sprouting characteristic of the transgenic anti-trxs-gene wheat line 00t89]. | pre-harvest sprouting of wheat is caused by a series of enzymes, in which alpha-amylase plays a key role. thioredoxin (trx) is an important protein capable of reducing s-s to -sh. the authors transferred the anti-trxs gene into wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cultivar wanmai 48 in 2000 in order to obtain a transgenic line with low activities of trx and alpha-amylase in wheat seeds to enhance their resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. in this work, a pair of specific anti-trxs primers were used in ... | 2006 | 16755924 |
| [optimization of biological and physical parameters for biolistic genetic transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a particle inflow gun]. | the parameters for delivery of expression cassettes to cells of wheat morphogenic callus induced from immature embryos were optimized. three systems (gradation, delayed, and regeneration) for in vitro selection of transgenic wheat tissue using the bar gene, providing resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (ppt), were compared. the efficiency of gene delivery to the cells competent for plant regeneration was assessed by comparing the number of spots transiently expressing uida gene (encodin ... | 2006 | 16756070 |
| pathway of sugar transport in germinating wheat seeds. | three homeologous genes encoding a sucrose (suc) transporter (sut) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), tasut1a, 1b, and 1d, were expressed in germinating seeds, where their function is unknown. all three tasut1 proteins were confirmed to be capable of transporting both suc and maltose by complementation tests with the susy7/ura3 yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strain. the role of suc transporters in germinating grain was examined by combining in situ hybridization, immunolocalization ... | 2006 | 16766668 |
| isolation and characterization of ssr sequences from the genome and tac clones of common wheat using the pcr technique. | we have developed the 2-step pcr method, a kind of suppression pcr procedure, to isolate simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a more convenient manner. this system requires neither genomic library screening nor the ssr-enrichment procedure. as a result, we designed 131 primer pairs based on isolated ssrs from not only genomic dna, but also transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. it has been demonstrated that 34 of the 131 ssr markers dev ... | 2006 | 16767168 |
| use of a large-scale triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the us wheat genome project, funded by the national science foundation, developed the first large public triticeae expressed sequence tag (est) resource. altogether, 116,272 ests were produced, comprising 100,674 5' ests and 15 598 3' ests. these ests were derived from 42 cdna libraries, which were created from hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its close relatives, including diploid wheat (t. monococcum l. and aegilops speltoides l.), tetraploid wheat (t. turgidum l.), and rye (se ... | 2006 | 16767178 |
| distribution of dart, aflp, and ssr markers in a genetic linkage map of a doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population. | a genetic linkage mapping study was conducted in 93 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between triticum aestivum l. em. thell 'arina' and a norwegian spring wheat breeding line, nk93604, using diversity arrays technology (dart), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), and simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. the objective of this study was to understand the distribution, redundancy, and segregation distortion of dart markers in comparison with aflp and ssr markers. the map contai ... | 2006 | 16767179 |
| sources of variation in the interaction between three cereal aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) and wheat (poaceae). | the relative contributions of host plant, herbivore species and clone to variation in the interaction between cereal aphids and wheat were investigated using five clones each of three species, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus), sitobion avenae (fabricius) and schizaphis graminum (rondani), on seedlings of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. and one cultivar of triticum durum desf. more individuals and biomass of r. padi than of the other two species were produced on seedlings. the three wheat cult ... | 2006 | 16768811 |
| transgenic wheat progeny resistant to powdery mildew generated by agrobacterium inoculum to the basal portion of wheat seedling. | to improve the transformation efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens, we explored the possibility of employing the basal portion of wheat seedling (shoot apical meristem) as the explants. three genotypes of wheat were transformed by a. tumefaciens carrying beta-1, 3-glucanase gene. after vernalization, the seeds to be transformed were germinated. when these seedlings grew up to 2 approximately 5 cm, their coleoptile and half of the cotyledon were cut out ... | 2006 | 16773333 |
| effects of osmotic stress on the kinds, forms and levels of polyamines in wheat coleoptiles. | the changes in levels and forms of polyamine (pa) in the coleoptiles of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars differing in drought tolerance were investigated under osmotic stress. the drought-tolerant 'yumai 18' showed marked increases in free spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) levels in coleoptiles after being treated with polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 for 2 d in the dark, while drought-sensitive 'yangmai 9' showed a significant increase in free putrescine (put) content. treatment of co ... | 2006 | 16775396 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for low-temperature tolerance in cold-hardy winter wheat. | low-temperature (lt) tolerance is an important economic trait in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that determines the plants' ability to cope with below freezing temperatures. essential elements of the lt tolerance mechanism are associated with the winter growth habit controlled by the vernalization loci (vrn-1) on the group 5 chromosomes. to identify genomic regions, which in addition to vrn-1 determine the level of lt tolerance in hexaploid wheat, two doubled haploid (dh) mapping population ... | 2007 | 16775685 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of three novel lmw-i glutenin subunit genes from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l.). | three novel low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin subunits from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l., a(m)a(m), 2n = 2x = 14) were characterized by sds-page and molecular weights determined by maldi-tof-ms. their coding genes were amplified and cloned with designed as-pcr primers, revealing three complete gene sequences. all comprised upstream, open reading frame (orf), downstream and no introns were present. the deduced amino acid sequences showed that all three genes, named as lmw-m1, lmw- ... | 2006 | 16775696 |
| glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase contribute differentially to proline accumulation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to different salinity. | to investigate the roles of ammonium-assimilating enzymes in proline synthesis under salinity stress, the activities of glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) and nadh-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadh-gdh; ec 1.4.1.2) were determined in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to salt stress at 150 and 300 mm nacl for 5d. at the lower salinity, only gs activity increased markedly. at 300 mm nacl, however, nadh-gdh activity increased while gs activity decreased. a significant a ... | 2007 | 16777263 |
| a comprehensive view on organ-specific callose synthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): glucan synthase-like gene expression, callose synthase activity, callose quantification and deposition. | callose ((1,3)-beta-glucan) is important during basic developmental processes of plants, but only little is known about the regulation of callose biosynthesis on molecular level. growing evidence indicates that glucan synthase-like (gsl) genes in higher plants are involved in callose synthesis. we analyzed the expression of eight gsl genes (tagsl) as well as callose synthase activity and total callose content in the stem, leaf blade and spike of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). organ-specific expre ... | 2006 | 16777426 |
| heat-stable phytases in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.): deposition pattern, thermostability, and phytate hydrolysis. | the present paper addresses the question of thermotolerance of in planta synthesized heterologous enzymes using phytase as a model. two individual transgenic wheat materials expressing an aspergillus fumigatus phytase with a low denaturation temperature (62.5 degrees c) but a high refolding capacity, and a rationally designed consensus phytase engineered to a high denaturation temperature (89.3 degrees c), were evaluated. high levels of endosperm specific expression were ensured by the wheat hig ... | 2006 | 16787007 |
| phosphate (pi) and arsenate uptake by two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and their doubled haploid lines. | arsenic accumulation in cereal crops represents an important pathway for human exposure to arsenic from the environment. the objectives of the present work were to find whether the relationship between arsenate and phosphate (pi) uptake rate differs among genotypes and to select genotypes with a low arsenate uptake rate with the aim of improving food safety and human health. | 2006 | 16803848 |
| wheat nitrogen metabolism during grain filling: comparative role of glumes and the flag leaf. | the mobilization of nitrogen (n) compounds and the roles played by glumes and the flag leaf during grain filling were studied in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. florida) grown under field conditions. glumes lost twice as much of their total n content as that lost by the flag leaf between the milk and early dough stages. in the flag leaf, glumes and grains, glu, asp, ser and ala accounted for 85% of all the reductions in the free amino acid pool. principal component analysis of free amino a ... | 2006 | 16804706 |
| [identification of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars using molecular markers]. | a collection of 68 cultivars of common wheat has been screened for leaf rust resistance genes with the use of molecular markers. markers of genes lr1, lr9, lr10, lr19, lr20, lr21, lr24, and lr26 have been used. it has been suggested that allele xgwm295 be used as a marker for identifying the lr34 gene. the genes originating from triticum aestivum l., as well as the lr26 gene contained in rye translocation 1rs, are the most frequent. genes originating from wild wheats were rarer in the cultivars ... | 2006 | 16808248 |
| impact of eurygaster maura (heteroptera: scutelleridae) feeding on quality of bread wheat in relation to attack period. | sunn pest (or cereal bug) (heteroptera: pentatomidae and scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in the grain filling stage have the potential to adversely affect the quality of harvested grain for bread making. in the absence of resistant wheat cultivars, producers must rely on chemical control to protect their crop from sunn pest infestations. to implement an efficient environment friendly control strategy, there is a need to pinpoint the relationships between the timing of ... | 2006 | 16813309 |
| biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): characterizing new virulence and host associations. | biotypic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), was assessed among populations collected from cultivated wheat, triticum aestivum l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, and their associated noncultivated grass hosts. greenbugs were collected during may through august 2002 from 30 counties of kansas, nebraska, oklahoma, and texas. discounting the presumptive biotype a, five of the remaining nine letter-designated greenbug biotypes were collected; h ... | 2006 | 16813337 |
| effect of temperature, exposure interval, and depth of diatomaceous earth treatment on distribution, mortality, and progeny production of lesser grain borer (coleoptera: bostrichidae) in stored wheat. | diatomaceous earth (de) can be used as a surface treatment in stored wheat triticum aestivum (l.) to control pest infestations. however, it is not known how the thickness of the de-treated wheat layer or grain temperature impact effectiveness. therefore, we conducted an experiment in growth chambers to assess the effect of different surface layers of hard winter wheat combined with de on spatial distribution, adult survival, and progeny production of lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) ... | 2006 | 16813345 |
| [inheritance of the foreign gene 1ax1 in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences]. | transformation with gene minimal expression cassettes without vector backbone sequence is a new transformation technique. in the current research, the inheritance of the foreign 1ax1 gene cassettes were analyzed in transgenic plants recovered with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences. the results showed that linear 1ax1 gene cassettes were stably expressed and separated at the rate of 3 to 1 in the seeds of t1 generation. it suggested the functional copies of 1ax1 gene cassettes were ... | 2006 | 16818432 |
| genetic characteristic of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in somatic hybrid wheat lines -- potential application to wheat breeding. | analysis of 17 derivatives from a somatic fusion between common wheat (triticum aestivum) and tall wheat grass (thinopyrum ponticum) showed a diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) compositions. on the basis of the inheritance of hmw-gs patterns, the derivatives were either (i) bred true over four successive generations, (ii) generated a few novel hmw-gs combinations at each generation, or (iii) showed highly unstable hmw-gs compositions. hmw-gs analysis of f(5) seed and ea ... | 2006 | 16819909 |
| characterization using raman microspectroscopy of arabinoxylans in the walls of different cell types during the development of wheat endosperm. | the time course and pattern of arabinoxylan deposition in the wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm during grain development were studied using raman spectroscopy. the presence of arabinoxylans (ax) is detected at the beginning of grain filling. at this stage, ax appear more substituted than at the later stages. feruloylation of ax increases during the grain-filling stage, especially in the case of the aleurone layer. whatever the stage of grain development, four populations of cells could be defi ... | 2006 | 16819924 |
| carbon sequestration in dryland soils and plant residue as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. | long-term use of conventional tillage and wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow systems in the northern great plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (soc) levels. we examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (ct) and no-till (nt)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (cw), spring wheat-fallow (w-f), spring wheat-lentil (lens culinaris medic.) (w-l), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (w-w-f), and spring wheat-pea (pisum sativum l.)-fallow (w-p-f)], and conser ... | 2017 | 16825454 |
| long-term cropping system effects on carbon sequestration in eastern oregon. | soil organic carbon (soc) has beneficial effects on soil quality and productivity. cropping systems that maintain and/or improve levels of soc may lead to sustainable crop production. this study evaluated the effects of long-term cropping systems on c sequestration. soil samples were taken at 0- to 10-, 10- to 20-, 20- to 30-, and 30- to 40-cm soil depth profiles from grass pasture (gp), conventional tillage (ct) winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow (ctwf), and fertilized and unfertilized ... | 2017 | 16825475 |
| dissecting a wheat qtl for yield present in a range of environments: from the qtl to candidate genes. | previous studies with 95 bread wheat doubled haploid lines (dhls) from the cross chinese spring (cs)xsq1 trialled over 24 yearxtreatmentxlocations identified major yield quantitative trait loci (qtls) in homoeologous locations on 7al and 7bl, expressed mainly under stressed and non-stressed conditions, respectively. sq1 and cs contributed alleles increasing yield on 7al and 7bl, respectively. the yield component most strongly associated with these qtls was grains per ear. additional results whic ... | 2006 | 16831847 |
| tissue expression map of a large number of expressed sequence tags and its application to in silico screening of stress response genes in common wheat. | in order to assess global changes in gene expression patterns in stress-induced tissues, we conducted large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) in common wheat. twenty-one cdna libraries derived from stress-induced tissues, such as callus, as well as liquid cultures and abiotic stress conditions (temperature treatment, desiccation, photoperiod, moisture and aba) were constructed. several thousand colonies were randomly selected from each of these 21 cdna libraries and sequenced from ... | 2006 | 16832693 |
| calcium is essential for fructan synthesis induction mediated by sucrose in wheat. | the role of ca(2+) in the induction of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis (fss) mediated by sucrose was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum). increase of fss enzyme activity and induction of the expression of their coding genes by sucrose were inhibited in leaf blades treated with chelating agents (edta, egta and bapta). ca(2+) channel blockers (lanthanum chloride and ruthenium red) also inhibited the fss response to sucrose, suggesting the participation of ca(2+) from both extra- and intra- ... | 2006 | 16835761 |
| [effects of elicitors on aphid growth and development and on specific genes expression in wheat]. | this paper studied the development duration, adult weight, and mean relative growth rate (mrgr) of aphid schizapis graminum, and the specific genes expression in wheat variety 98-10-30 (triticum aestivum) after treated with different elicitors. the results showed that needling penetration, aphid feeding and bth application could shorten the development duration of the aphid and decrease its adult weight, but had no significant effect on aphid mrgr. different elicitors induced different specific ... | 2006 | 16836099 |
| molecular detection of qtls for agronomic and quality traits in a doubled haploid population derived from two canadian wheats (triticum aestivum l.). | development of high-yielding wheat varieties with good end-use quality has always been a major concern for wheat breeders. to genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield-related traits such as grain yield, plant height, maturity, lodging, test weight and thousand-grain weight, and for quality traits such as grain and flour protein content, gluten strength as evaluated by mixograph and sds sedimentation volume, an f1-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 185 individuals was ... | 2006 | 16838135 |
| efficient embryogenesis and regeneration in freshly isolated and cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microspores without stress pretreatment. | the major advantage of doubled haploids in plant breeding is the immediate achievement of complete homozygosity. desired genotypes are thus fixed in one generation, reducing time and cost for cultivar or inbred development. among the different technologies to produce doubled haploids, microspore embryogenesis is by far the most common. it usually requires reprogramming of microspores by stress such as cold, heat, and starvation, followed by embryo development under stress-free conditions. we rep ... | 2006 | 16841216 |
| the promoter of the wheat puroindoline-a gene (pina) exhibits a more complex pattern of activity than that of the pinb gene and is induced by wounding and pathogen attack in rice. | puroindolines form the molecular basis of wheat grain hardness. however, little is known about puroindoline gene regulation. we previously reported that the triticum aestivum puroindoline-b gene (pinb) promoter directs beta-glucuronidase gene (uida) seed-specific expression in transgenic rice. in this study, we isolated a puroindoline-a gene (pina), analyzed pina promoter activity by 5' deletions and compared pina and pinb promoters in transgenic rice. seeds of pina-1214 and pinb-1063 transgenic ... | 2007 | 16845527 |
| organ-specific analysis of the anaerobic primary metabolism in rice and wheat seedlings. i: dark ethanol production is dominated by the shoots. | during anaerobiosis in darkness the main route for atp production in plants is through glycolysis in combination with fermentation. we compared the organ-specific anaerobic fermentation of flooding-tolerant rice (oryza sativa) and sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. a sensitive laser-based photoacoustic trace gas detection system was used to monitor emission of ethanol and acetaldehyde by roots and shoots of intact seedlings. dark-incubated rice seedlings released 3 times more acetald ... | 2006 | 16845530 |
| effects of genotype and environment on the antioxidant properties of hard winter wheat bran. | recent consumer interest in controlling and preventing chronic diseases through improved diet has promoted research on the bioactive components of agricultural products. wheat is an important agricultural and dietary commodity worldwide with known antioxidant properties concentrated mostly in the bran fraction. the objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of genotype (g) and growing environment (e) to hard winter wheat bran antioxidant properties, as well as correlatio ... | 2006 | 16848511 |
| characterization and expression of 42 mads-box genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | mads-box genes form a large family of transcription factors and play important roles in flower development and organ differentiation in plants. in this study, 42 wheat cdnas encoding putative mads-box genes were isolated. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cdnas represented 12 of the 14 mads-box gene subfamilies. taagl14 and taagl15 formed a new subfamily along with a rice gene osmads32. rt-pcr analysis revealed that these genes had different exprsssion patterns in diff ... | 2006 | 16858583 |
| identification of differentially regulated proteins in response to a compatible interaction between the pathogen fusarium graminearum and its host, triticum aestivum. | using proteomic analyses, a study was carried out aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of interaction between fusarium graminearum and triticum aestivum. wheat spikelets were inoculated with h2o and conidia spores of f. graminearum. proteins were extracted from spikelets harvested at three time points: 1, 2 and 3 days post inoculation. about 1380 protein spots were displayed on 2-d gels stained with sypro ruby. in total, 41 proteins were detected to be differentially regulated due to f ... | 2006 | 16858732 |
| rna interference-based gene silencing as an efficient tool for functional genomics in hexaploid bread wheat. | insertional mutagenesis and gene silencing are efficient tools for the determination of gene function. in contrast to gain- or loss-of-function approaches, rna interference (rnai)-induced gene silencing can possibly silence multigene families and homoeologous genes in polyploids. this is of great importance for functional studies in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), where most of the genes are present in at least three homoeologous copies and conventional insertional mutagenesis is not effect ... | 2006 | 16861570 |
| single-copy genes define a conserved order between rice and wheat for understanding differences caused by duplication, deletion, and transposition of genes. | the high-quality rice genome sequence is serving as a reference for comparative genome analysis in crop plants, especially cereals. however, early comparisons with bread wheat showed complex patterns of conserved synteny (gene content) and colinearity (gene order). here, we show the presence of ancient duplicated segments in the progenitor of wheat, which were first identified in the rice genome. we also show that single-copy (sc) rice genes, those representing unique matches with wheat expresse ... | 0 | 16865332 |
| short-term bioassay responses to sludge products and leachate. | recycling of sewage sludge is needed in a sustainable society. quality aspects of sludge include hygiene (pathogens), nutrients (n and p), and toxicants (metals and organics). metals are of particular concern because they are not degradable, but their hazards are related to their bioavailability and chemical speciation. in this article, the effect on sludge quality of two treatment methods, incineration and pelletization, has been determined for digested sludge from two treatment plants. the com ... | 2006 | 16865600 |
| [molecular marker mapping of the gene resistant to common bunt transferred from aegilops cylindrica into bread wheat]. | introgression lines 5/55-91 and 378/2000 of bread wheat contain the gene of resistance to tilletia caries (dc.) tul. transferred from aegilops cylindrica host. using bulked segregant analysis with issr and ssr pcr the lincage of microsatellite locus xgwm 259 with the gene of common bunt resistance has been identified in f2 population of 378/2000 x lutestens 23397. dna mapping made it possible to localize this highly effective gene in the intercalary region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b ... | 2006 | 16865982 |
| [beginning and duration of expression of photoperiodic response genes in winter common wheat]. | the influence of various ppd genes on the beginning and duration of photoperiodic responce has been investigated in near isogenic lines of winter bread wheat mironovskaya 808. during ontogenesis the photoperiodic responce is ascertained from the middle 2nd stage of ontogenesis according to kuperman (usually a week later after vernalization completion in winter genotypes) and it is completed to the late 5th stage (2-3 weeks before heading). different ppd alleles do not affect the photoreaction in ... | 2008 | 16865983 |
| abscisic acid and ethylene interact in wheat grains in response to soil drying during grain filling. | grain filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by soil drying and plant hormones. this study investigated how the interaction between abscisic acid (aba) and ethylene is involved in mediating the effects of soil drying on grain filling in wheat (triticum aestivum). two wheat cultivars, cv. yangmai 6 and cv. yangmai 11, were field-grown, and three irrigation treatments, well-watered, moderately soil-dried (md) and severely soil-dried (sd), were imposed from 9 d post anthesis until ... | 2006 | 16866937 |
| rapid differentiation of experimental populations of wheat for heading time in response to local climatic conditions. | dynamic management (dm) of genetic resources aims at maintaining genetic variability between different populations evolving under natural selection in contrasting environments. in 1984, this strategy was applied in a pilot experiment on wheat (triticum aestivum). spatio-temporal evolution of earliness and its components (partial vernalization sensitivity, daylength sensitivity and earliness per se that determines flowering time independently of environmental stimuli) was investigated in this mul ... | 2006 | 16868000 |
| [snp markers: methods of analysis, ways of development, and comparison on an example of common wheat]. | snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which belong to the last-generation molecular markers, occur at high frequencies in both animal and plant genomes. the development of snp markers allows to automatize and enhance tenfolds the effectiveness of genotype analysis. this review summarizes literature data on methods of snp polymorphism analysis. various methods of developing snp markers are considered, taking common wheat triticum aestivum l. as an example. these markers are compared to other dn ... | 2006 | 16871776 |
| [production of wheat-rye substitution lines and identification of chromosome composition of karyotypes using c-banding, gish, and ssr markers]. | based on the cross (triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l.) x t. aestivum l., wheat-rye substitution lines (2n = 42) were produced with karyotypes containing, instead of a pair of homologous wheat chromosomes, a homeologous pair of rye chromosomes. the chromosome composition of these lines was described by gish and c-banding methods, and ssr analysis. the results of genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that karyotype of these lines included one pair of rye chromosomes each and lacked whe ... | 2006 | 16871784 |
| [identification of efficient leaf-rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) using sts markers]. | molecular sts markers j13, gb, and j09 were used for screening wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions previously found to possess leaf-rust resistance genes according to test crosses or phytopathological tests. specific amplicons were detected in all accessions assumed to possess the lr9 gene, in nine of ten accessions with the conjectured lr19 gene, and in 13 of 29 accessions with the conjectured lr24 gene. application of sts markers to identification of accessions possessing efficient leaf-ru ... | 2006 | 16871786 |
| comparative mapping of genes for glume colouration and pubescence in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | microsatellite markers were used to map the major genes bg (determining black glume colour), rg1 and rg3 (red glume), and a locus determining smokey-grey coloured glume to the distal ends of the short arms of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, proximally (or closely linked) to xgwm1223 and distal to xgwm0033. on this basis, we propose that these genes represent a set of homoeoloci, designated rg-a1, rg-b1, and rg-d1. rg3 and bg appear to be variant alleles of rg-a1. both rg3 and bg are closel ... | 2006 | 16874490 |
| [activity of nadp-dependent glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in wheat leaves under water stress]. | the activities of nadp: glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), an enzyme complex comprising of phosphoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.3) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.13), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepk; ec 4.1.1.31) in seedlings and leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants of the cultivars mironovskaya 808 and lutescens 758 have been compared under conditions of normal water supply, water deficiency, and subsequent rehydration. gapdh activity, which de ... | 2015 | 16878554 |
| construction of a primary rh panel of italian ryegrass genome via uv-induced protoplast fusion. | symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids were produced via protoplast fusion between common wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cv. "jinan 177" and italian ryegrass ( lolium multiflorum lam.). the ryegrass without or with uv irradiation was used as a donor, providing a small amount of chromatin. in these somatic hybrids, most ryegrass chromosomes have been confirmed preferential elimination and the somatic hybrid calli and plants showed wheat-like morphology. some of the hybrid lines were used for the ... | 2006 | 16883487 |
| transcriptional profiling of summer wheat, grown under different realistic uv-b irradiation regimes. | there is limited information on the impact of present-day ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on a reprogramming of gene expression in crops. summer wheat was cultivated in controlled environmental facilities under simulated realistic climatic conditions. we investigated the effect of different regimes of uv-b radiation on summer wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars nandu, star and turbo. until recently, these were most important in bavaria. different cultivars of crops often show great differences ... | 2007 | 16893592 |
| molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat pr4 gene family. | five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (pr) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in triticum aestivum. two full-length genes, named wpr4e and wpr4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wpr4f-b. two other pr4 genes (wpr4f-a and wpr4f-c) were isolated by pcr, showing very high sequence identity with wpr4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. transcription start analysis was performed by rlm-race, leading to the isolation o ... | 2006 | 16895481 |
| identification of genetic loci associated with ear-emergence in bread wheat. | a doubled haploid population constructed from a cross between the south australian wheat cultivars 'trident' and 'molineux' was grown under winter field conditions, under field conditions over summer and under artificial light both with and without vernalisation. the duration from planting to ear-emergence was recorded and qtl associated with heading date were detected using a previously constructed genetic linkage map. associations were shown with chromosomal regions syntenous to previously ide ... | 2006 | 16896709 |
| development of simple sequence repeat markers specific for the lr34 resistance region of wheat using sequence information from rice and aegilops tauschii. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) originated about 8,000 years ago from the hybridization of tetraploid wheat with diploid aegilops tauschii coss. containing the d-genome. thus, the bread wheat d-genome is evolutionary young and shows a low degree of polymorphism in the bread wheat gene pool. to increase marker density around the durable leaf rust resistance gene lr34 located on chromosome 7ds, we used molecular information from the orthologous region in rice. wheat expressed sequence tags ... | 2006 | 16896711 |
| homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat. | the vast majority of angiosperms are (or were once) polyploid, and as hexaploid bread wheat has undergone two ploidy events separated by approximately 0.5 million years, it represents an elegant model to study gene silencing over time in polyploids. using an sscp platform, we have analysed patterns of transcriptional silencing (frequency, genome identity and organ specificity) within 236 single-copy genes, each mapping to one locus on one of the three homoeologous chromosomes within groups 1, 2, ... | 2006 | 16899084 |
| modeling the environmental fate of cadmium in a large wastewater irrigation area. | the fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that proceed from decades to centuries. this study aimed at modeling the fate of cd within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany). the sandy soils (mainly dystric cambisol or typic haplumbrept) at this site (28 km2) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation of municipal wastewater for up to 40 yr. the soils of the wia are in agricultural use. the main crops are sugar beet (b ... | 2006 | 16899742 |
| mitochondrial microsatellite variability in common wheat and its ancestral species. | on the basis of the entire mitochondrial dna sequence of common wheat, triticum aestivum, 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci having more than ten mononucleotide repeats were identified. the mitochondrial microsatellite variability at all loci was examined with 43 accessions from 11 triticum and aegilops species involved in wheat polyploidy evolution. polymorphic banding patterns were obtained at 15 out of 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci. the number of alleles per polymorphic microsatellit ... | 2006 | 16905875 |
| characterization of expressed pgip genes in rice and wheat reveals similar extent of sequence variation to dicot pgips and identifies an active pgip lacking an entire lrr repeat. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins involved in plant defence. a number of pgips have been characterized from dicot species, whereas only a few data are available from monocots. database searches and genome-specific cloning strategies allowed the identification of four rice (oryza sativa l.) and two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pgip genes. the rice pgip genes (ospgip1, ospgip2, ospgip3 and ospgip4) are distributed over a 30 kbp region of the short ... | 2006 | 16906405 |
| antioxidant properties of wheat as affected by pearling. | the effects of pearling on the content of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of two canadian wheat classes, namely, canada western amber durum; triticum turgidum l. var. durum; cwad) and canada western red spring; triticum aestivum l.; cwrs) were examined. the antioxidant activity of wheat phenolics was evaluated using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), inhibition of photochemiluminescence (pcl), rancimat method, inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, and dna. the phenolic c ... | 0 | 16910705 |
| advanced resources for plant genomics: a bac library specific for the short arm of wheat chromosome 1b. | common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42) is a polyploid species possessing one of the largest genomes among the cultivated crops (1c is approximately 17 000 mb). the presence of three homoeologous genomes (a, b and d), and the prevalence of repetitive dna make sequencing the wheat genome a daunting task. we have developed a novel 'chromosome arm-based' strategy for wheat genome sequencing to simplify this task; this relies on sub-genomic libraries of large dna inserts. in this paper, we ... | 2006 | 16911585 |
| bioavailability of selenium to forage crops in a sandy loam soil amended with se-rich plant materials. | greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the bioavailability of selenium (se) to sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.), maize (zea mays l.) and berseem (trifolium alexandrinum l.) fodders in a sandy loam soil amended with different levels of se-rich wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and raya (brassica juncea l. czern) straw containing 53.3 and 136.7microg seg(-1), respectively. each of the fodder crops was grown after incorporation of se-rich materials either individually or in a sequence - sorghum-maiz ... | 2007 | 16919705 |
| sequence upstream of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) almt1 gene and its relationship to aluminum resistance. | aluminum (al) resistance in wheat relies on the al-activated malate efflux from root apices, which appears to be controlled by an al-activated anion transporter encoded by the almt1 gene on chromosome 4dl. genomic regions upstream and downstream of almt1 in 69 wheat lines were characterized to identify patterns that might influence almt1 expression. the first 1,000 bp downstream of almt1 was conserved among the lines examined apart from the presence of a transposon-like sequence which did not co ... | 2006 | 16928694 |
| variation in oxygen isotope fractionation during cellulose synthesis: intramolecular and biosynthetic effects. | the oxygen isotopic composition of plant cellulose is commonly used for the interpretations of climate, ecophysiology and dendrochronology in both modern and palaeoenvironments. further applications of this analytical tool depends on our in-depth knowledge of the isotopic fractionations associated with the biochemical pathways leading to cellulose. here, we test two important assumptions regarding isotopic effects resulting from the location of oxygen in the carbohydrate moiety and the biosynthe ... | 2006 | 16930314 |
| functional properties of a new low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from a bread wheat cultivar. | some allelic forms of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) can greatly influence the end-use of wheat flours, understanding the function of each allele of lmw-gs is important to wheat quality breeding. a lmw-gs gene xyglud3-lmwgs 1(ay263369) has been cloned from bread wheat cultivar xiaoyan 6. the deduced protein contained nine cystine residues, one more than that in all other lmw-gss reported previously, indicating that it is either a new gene or a new allele of a known lmw-gs gene. i ... | 2006 | 16932880 |
| heterosis in root development and differential gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. in this study, heterosis was estimated for eight root traits in 20 wheat hybrids derived from a nc design ii mating scheme. positive mid-parent heterosis was detected in 96 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations, and positive high-parent heterosis was detected in 79 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations. improved differential display was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybri ... | 2006 | 16932881 |
| development and genetic mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellites (stms) in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the density of ssrs on the published genetic map of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has steadily increased over the last few years. this has improved the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and certain types of genetic research by providing more choice in the quality of ssrs and a greater chance of finding polymorphic markers in any cross for a chromosomal region of interest. increased ssr density on the published wheat genetic map will further enhance breeding and research efforts. here, ... | 2006 | 16932882 |
| discovery of cyclotide-like protein sequences in graminaceous crop plants: ancestral precursors of circular proteins? | cyclotides are peptides from plants of the rubiaceae and violaceae families that have the unusual characteristic of a macrocylic backbone. they are further characterized by their incorporation of a cystine knot in which two disulfides, along with the intervening backbone residues, form a ring through which a third disulfide is threaded. the cyclotides have been found in every violaceae species screened to date but are apparently present in only a few rubiaceae species. the selective distribution ... | 2006 | 16935986 |
| construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the physical length of the rye segment of a 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation derived from the cornell wheat selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and found to be 16% of the long arm. the size of this translocation was similar to previously published gish measurements of another 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation in a triticum aestivum 'viking' wheat background. molecular maps of both 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations for 2 differ ... | 2006 | 16936781 |
| positive correlation of fitness with group size in two biotypes of russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | changes in fitness parameters as a function of colony size (one versus 10 aphids) were measured in two biotypes (rwa1 and rwa2) of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), feeding on three cultivars of wheat, triticum aestivum l., at two temperatures. 'trego' is a cultivar with no specific resistance to d. noxia, whereas, 'stanton' and 'halt' express dny and dn4 resistance sources, respectively. feeding in a group accelerated the development of rwa1 on trego a ... | 2006 | 16937675 |
| molecular basis of plant gene expression during aphid invasion: wheat pto- and pti-like sequences are involved in interactions between wheat and russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), is a major pest of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (em thell), in most wheat-growing areas worldwide. aphid-resistant cultivars are used to combat this pest, but very little is known about the molecular basis of resistance. in this study, differential gene expression in d. noxia biotype 1-resistant wheat plants containing the dnx gene and d. noxia biotype 1 feeding on dnx plants was investigated using suppressive subt ... | 2006 | 16937702 |
| synthesis and characterization of n-acylaniline derivatives as potential chemical hybridizing agents (chas) for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) are important in heterosis breeding of self-pollinated crops like wheat, wherein the male and female organs are in the same flower. taking a lead from the earlier work on rice, a total of 25 n-acylanilines comprising of malonanilates, acetoacetanilides, and acetanilides (including halogenated acetanilides) were synthesized and screened as chas on three genotypes of wheat, viz., pbw 343, hd 2046, and hd 2733 at 1500 p ... | 2006 | 16939342 |
| characterization of three low-molecular-weight glu-d3 subunit genes in common wheat. | low-molecular-weight glutenins (lmw-gs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are of great importance for processing quality of pan bread and noodles. the objectives of this study are to identify lmw-gs coding genes at glud3 locus on chromosome 1d and to establish relationships between these genes and glud3 alleles (a, b, c, d, and e) defined by protein electrophoretic mobility. specific primer sets were designed to amplify each of the three lmw-gs chromosome 1d gene regions including upstream, ... | 2006 | 16941095 |
| systematic identification of factors involved in post-transcriptional processes in wheat grain. | post-transcriptional processing of primary transcripts can significantly affect both the quantity and the structure of mature mrnas and the corresponding protein products. it is an important mechanism of gene regulation in animals, yeast and plants. here we have investigated the interactive networks of pre-mrna processing factors in the developing grain of wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the world's major food staples. as a first step we isolated a homologue of the plant specific atrsz33 splic ... | 2006 | 16941218 |
| nonhost resistance of barley is successfully manifested against magnaporthe grisea and a closely related pennisetum-infecting lineage but is overcome by magnaporthe oryzae. | magnaporthe oryzae is a major pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.) but is also able to infect other grasses, including barley (hordeum vulgare l.). here, we report a study using magnaporthe isolates collected from other host plant species to evaluate their capacity to infect barley. a nonhost type of resistance was detected in barley against isolates derived from genera pennisetum (fontaingrass) or digitaria (crabgrass), but no resistance occurred in response to isolates from rice, genus eleusine ... | 2006 | 16941905 |
| determination of alkaline phosphatase based on affinity adsorption solid-substrate room temperature phosphorimetry using rhodamine 6g-dibromoluciferin luminescent nanoparticle to label lectin and prediction of diseases. | in the presence of heavy atom perturber liac, the silicon dioxide nanoparticle containing rhodamine 6g (r) and dibromoluciferin (d) (r-d-sio(2)) can emit strong and stable solid-substrate room temperature phosphorescence signal of r (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)=481/648 nm) and d (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)=457/622 nm) on the surface of acetyl cellulose membrane (acm). r-d-sio(2) is used to label triticum vulgare lectin (wga). then two types of affinity adsorption reactions, r-d-sio(2)-wga- alkaline phospha ... | 2006 | 16942743 |
| putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins (fla) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa): identification and bioinformatic analyses. | putative plant adhesion molecules include arabinogalactan-proteins having fasciclin-like domains. in animal, fasciclin proteins participate in cell adhesion and communication. however, the molecular basis of interactions in plants is still unknown and none of these domains have been characterized in cereals. this work reports the characterization of 34 wheat (triticum aestivum) and 24 rice (oryza sativa) fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins (flas). bioinformatics analyses show that cereal fla ... | 0 | 16944204 |
| [cloning and identification of the resistance gene analogs of wheat]. | specific primer sequences were designed on the basis of converse motifs of cloned resistance genes and subsequently used as pcr primers to amplify the resistance gene analog (rga) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) xinong 88 which possesses rust disease resistance. the amplified products of wrga1, wrga2 and wrga14 were cloned and sequenced. the wheat rgas contain some conserved motifs such as kinase-2a, kinase-3a and hd presenting in known nbs-lrr resistance genes from other plants and share betwee ... | 2006 | 16944578 |
| pm34: a new powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from aegilops tauschii coss. to common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | powdery mildew is a major fungal disease in wheat growing areas worldwide. a novel source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew present in the germplasm line nc97bgtd7 was genetically characterized as a monogenic trait in greenhouse and field trials using f(2) derived lines from a nc97bgtd7 x saluda cross. microsatellite markers were used to map and tag this resistance gene, now designated pm34. three co-dominant microsatellite markers linked to pm34 were identified and their most likely order w ... | 2006 | 16953419 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and disease resistance observation of wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives. | a wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives were analyzed by molecular cytological observation and tested for disease resistance in order to evaluate the potential use of the d. breviaristatum for wheat improvement. a fertility-improved partial amphiploid, tdh-2, was produced from the selfing population of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring (cs)-d. breviaristatum amphiploid. based on the results obtained from genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and seed protein ele ... | 2005 | 16970616 |
| the triticum aestivum non-specific lipid transfer protein (taltp) gene family: comparative promoter activity of six taltp genes in transgenic rice. | plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions, which remain unclear. we adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (lm-pcr) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel triticum aestivum nsltp (taltp) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsltps. a phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsltps into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members. we also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 taltp gene pr ... | 2007 | 16983534 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this chapter describes a procedure for agrobacterium-mediated wheat transformation. freshly isolated immature embryos, precultured immature embryos, or embryogenic calli are inoculated with a disarmed a. tumefaciens strain c58 (abi) harboring the binary vector pmon18365 containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene with an intron, and a selectable marker, neomycinphosphotranferase (npt) ii gene. the inoculated explants are selected on callus induction medium with the selective agent g418 for appr ... | 2006 | 16988349 |
| chemical composition and phytotoxicity of volatile essential oil from intact and fallen leaves of eucalyptus citriodora. | a total of 23 volatile constituents was identified and characterized by gc and gc-ms in the volatile essential oil extracted from intact (juvenile and adult) and fallen (senescent and leaf litter) leaves of lemon-scented eucalyptus (eucalyptus citriodora hook.). the leaves differed in their pigment, water and protein content, and c/n ratio. the oils were, in general, monoterpenoid in nature with 18 monoterpenes and 5 sesquiterpenes. however, a great variability in the amount of essential oils an ... | 2015 | 16989303 |
| frozen in time: a new method using cryo-scanning electron microscopy to visualize root-fungal interactions. | a new method of sample preparation for cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize internal infection of wheat (triticum aestivum) roots by the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani ag-8. the new method retained fungal hyphae and root cells in situ in disintegrating root tissues, thus avoiding the distortions that can be introduced by conventional preparation by chemical fixation, dehydration and embedding. infected roots frozen in liquid nitrogen were cryo-planed and etched (sublimed ... | 2006 | 16995923 |
| volatile chemical cues guide host location and host selection by parasitic plants. | the importance of plant volatiles in mediating interactions between plant species is much debated. here, we demonstrate that the parasitic plant cuscuta pentagona (dodder) uses volatile cues for host location. cuscuta pentagona seedlings exhibit directed growth toward nearby tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum) and toward extracted tomato-plant volatiles presented in the absence of other cues. impatiens (impatiens wallerana) and wheat plants (triticum aestivum) also elicit directed growth. mo ... | 2006 | 17008532 |
| characterizing the composition and evolution of homoeologous genomes in hexaploid wheat through bac-end sequencing on chromosome 3b. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. however, because of its large, hexaploid, highly repetitive genome it is a challenge to develop efficient means for molecular analysis and genetic improvement in wheat. to better understand the composition and molecular evolution of the hexaploid wheat homoeologous genomes and to evaluate the potential of bac-end sequences (bes) for marker development, we have followed a chromosome-specific strategy and generated 11 mb ... | 2006 | 17010109 |
| molecular cytogenetic analyses of hexaploid lines spontaneously appearing in octoploid triticale. | genome characterization of 14 hexaploid lines that spontaneously appeared in octoploid triticales was carried out by sequential genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, high molecular weight glutenin subunits and ssr marker analyses. all of the lines showed a chromosome constitution of complete a and b genomes, and a composite genome consisting of the chromosomes of d and r genomes. the composite genome of the 11 lines consisted of chromosomes 1r, 2d, 3r, 4r, 5r, 6r ... | 2006 | 17016687 |
| expression of a modified adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit in wheat seeds stimulates photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. | adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp) is the rate-limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis. expression of an altered maize agp large subunit (sh2r6hs) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) results in increased agp activity in developing seed endosperm and seed yield. the yield phenotype involves increases in both seed number and total plant biomass. here we describe stimulation of photosynthesis by the seed-specific sh2r6hs transgene. photosynthetic rates were increased in sh2r6hs-expressing plants und ... | 2007 | 17021802 |
| microbial endoxylanases: effective weapons to breach the plant cell-wall barrier or, rather, triggers of plant defense systems? | endo-beta-1,4-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8) are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the predominant hemicellulose in the cell walls of plants and the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth. a number of endoxylanases are produced by microbial phytopathogens responsible for severe crop losses. these enzymes are considered to play an important role in phytopathogenesis, as they provide essential means to the attacking organism to break through the plant cell wall. plants have evolved numerous d ... | 2006 | 17022171 |
| [morphophysiological monitoring of winter wheat at spring in connection with problem of global climate change]. | data on morphophysiological monitoring of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar mironovskaya 808 grown in hoagland and arnon solution in a greenhouse and transferred to natural conditions in march-april 2004 with the mean daily temperature of 0.6 +/- 0.7 degrees c within the exposure period of 42 days are presented. water content, dry weight of plants and their organs, frost hardiness of plants, degree of tissue damage by frost, co2 metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration), concentrati ... | 2016 | 17022477 |
| [genealogical analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in russian and ukrainian cultivars of common wheat triticum aestivum l]. | the gris3.5 information analytical system of wheat genetic resources was used to track the possible ways of the transmission of fusarium head blight resistance from ancestors to progenies in extended pedigrees of 149 russian and ukrainian cultivaris of winter common wheat. analysis of variance was performed for the coefficient of parentage computed for the cultivars under study and the putative sources of resistance and revealed that groups of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed in the ... | 2006 | 17025160 |
| [a comparison of two existing catalogues of the alleles of gliadin-coding loci in winter common wheat]. | two catalogs of alleles of gliadin-coding loci, controlling synthesis of a storage protein of wheat caryopsis, gliadin, were compared. one catalogue comprises the alleles detected according to the electrophoretic patterns in starch gels; the other, in polyacrylamide gels. determination of the allelic state of gliadin-coding loci in 31 previously not studied cultivars of winter common wheat allowed us to construct a matching system for the alleles compiled in the two catalogs, which gives the pos ... | 2006 | 17025161 |
| physiological characterization of two genes for na+ exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum desf.) line 149 contains two novel major genes for excluding na(+) from leaf blades, named nax1 and nax2. the genes were separated into families containing a single gene and near-isogenic homozygous lines were selected. lines containing either nax1 or nax2 had lower rates of na(+) transport from roots to shoots than their near-isogenic pairs due to lower rates of net loading of the xylem, not to lower rates of net uptake from the soil or higher rate ... | 2006 | 17028150 |
| the bnalmt1 and bnalmt2 genes from rape encode aluminum-activated malate transporters that enhance the aluminum resistance of plant cells. | the release of organic anions from roots can protect plants from aluminum (al) toxicity and help them overcome phosphorus (p) deficiency. our previous findings showed that al treatment induced malate and citrate efflux from rape (brassica napus) roots, and that p deficiency did not induce the efflux. since this response is similar to the malate efflux from wheat (triticum aestivum) that is controlled by the taalmt1 gene, we investigated whether homologs of taalmt1 are present in rape and whether ... | 2006 | 17028155 |
| alpha-pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots. | determining the mode of action of allelochemicals is one of the challenging aspects in allelopathic studies. recently, allelochemicals have been proposed to cause oxidative stress in target tissue and induce an antioxidant mechanism. alpha-pinene, one of the common monoterpenoids emitted from several aromatic plants including forest trees, is known for its growth-inhibitory activity. however, its mechanism of action remains unexplored. the aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory ... | 2006 | 17028297 |
| types and rates of sequence evolution at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus in hexaploid wheat and its ancestral genomes. | the glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to triticeae genomes. to understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. comparing each glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the d gen ... | 2006 | 17028342 |