Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| comparison of homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunizations combining mva-vectored and plant-derived vp2 as a strategy against ibdv. | different immunogens such as subunit, dna or live viral-vectored vaccines against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) have been evaluated in the last years. however, the heterologous prime-boost approach using recombinant modified vaccinia ankara virus (rmva), which has shown promising results in both mammals and chickens, has not been tried against this pathogen yet. ibd is a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease of poultry that affects mainly young chicks. it is caused by ibdv, a ... | 2017 | 27876199 |
| chilli leaf curl virus-based vector for phloem-specific silencing of endogenous genes and overexpression of foreign genes. | geminiviruses are the largest and most devastating group of plant viruses which contain ssdna as a genetic material. geminivirus-derived virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) vectors have emerged as an efficient and simple tool to study functional genomics in various plants. however, previously developed vigs vectors have certain limitations, owing to their inability to be used in tissue-specific functional study. in the present study, we developed a chilli leaf curl virus (chilcv)-based vigs vect ... | 2017 | 27878582 |
| coordinated protein co-expression in plants by harnessing the synergy between an intein and a viral 2a peptide. | a novel approach is developed for coordinated expression of multiple proteins from a single transgene in plants. an ssp dnae mini-intein variant engineered for hyper-n-terminal autocleavage is covalently linked to the foot-and-mouth disease virus 2a (f2a) peptide with unique ribosome skipping property, via a peptide linker, to create an 'intf2a' self-excising fusion protein domain. this intf2a domain acts, in cis, to direct highly effective release of its flanking proteins of interest (pois) fro ... | 2016 | 27879048 |
| pre-microrna processing activity in nuclear extracts from arabidopsis suspension cells. | micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in a variety of biological phenomena, such as development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, by regulating complementary target transcripts. primary mirna transcripts (pri-mirnas) are processed into mirna/mirna* duplexes via pre-mirna intermediates by dicer family proteins. in plants mirna/mirna* duplexes are produced from pri-mirnas exclusively by a complex containing dicer-like1 (dcl1), hyponastic leaves1 (hyl1) and serreate (se) in the nucleu ... | 2017 | 27885505 |
| nicotiana benthamiana as a nonhost of zymoseptoria tritici. | 2017 | 27891645 | |
| an accessory protease inhibitor to increase the yield and quality of a tumour-targeting mab in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | the overall quality of recombinant igg antibodies in plants is dramatically compromised by host endogenous proteases. different approaches have been developed to reduce the impact of endogenous proteolysis on iggs, notably involving site-directed mutagenesis to eliminate protease-susceptible sites or the in situ mitigation of host protease activities to minimize antibody processing in the cell secretory pathway. we here characterized the degradation profile of h10, a human tumour-targeting monoc ... | 2016 | 27893815 |
| two h-type thioredoxins interact with the e2 ubiquitin conjugase pho2 to fine-tune phosphate homeostasis in rice. | phosphate overaccumulator2 (pho2) encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating e2 enzyme that is a major negative regulator of the inorganic phosphate (pi)-starvation response-signaling pathway. a yeast two-hybrid (y2h) screen in rice (oryza sativa; os) using ospho2 as bait revealed an interaction between ospho2 and two h-type thioredoxins, ostrxh1 and ostrxh4. these interactions were confirmed in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) of ospho2 and ostrxh1/h4 in rice protoplasts and by i ... | 2017 | 27895204 |
| a conserved puccinia striiformis protein interacts with wheat npr1 and reduces induction of pathogenesis-related genes in response to pathogens. | in arabidopsis, npr1 is a key transcriptional coregulator of systemic acquired resistance. upon pathogen challenge, npr1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, in which it interacts with tga-bzip transcription factors to activate the expression of several pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. in a screen of a yeast two-hybrid library from wheat leaves infected with puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, we identified a conserved rust protein that interacts with wheat npr1 and named it pnpi (fo ... | 2016 | 27898286 |
| a universal stress protein involved in oxidative stress is a phosphorylation target for protein kinase cipk6. | calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinases (cipks) decode calcium signals upon interaction with the calcium sensors calcineurin b like proteins into phosphorylation events that result into adaptation to environmental stresses. few phosphorylation targets of cipks are known and therefore the molecular mechanisms underlying their downstream output responses are not fully understood. tomato (solanum lycopersicum) cipk6 regulates immune and susceptible programmed cell death in immunity transform ... | 2017 | 27899535 |
| functional analysis of a viroid rna motif mediating cell-to-cell movement in nicotiana benthamiana. | cell-to-cell trafficking through different cellular layers is a key process for various rnas including those of plant viruses and viroids, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are still not fully elucidated and good model systems are important. here, we analyse the function of a simple rna motif (termed 'loop19') in potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) which is required for trafficking in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. northern blotting, reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) and in situ hybridizati ... | 2017 | 27902342 |
| a subset of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes is essential for plant immunity. | of the three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2) have been often incorrectly considered to play merely an auxiliary role in the process, and few e2 enzymes have been investigated in plants. to reveal the role of e2 in plant innate immunity, we identified and cloned 40 tomato genes encoding ubiquitin e2 proteins. thioester assays indicated that the majority of the genes encode enzymatically active e2. phylogenetic analysis classified the 40 tomato e2 ... | 2017 | 27909045 |
| aik1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, modulates abscisic acid responses through the mkk5-mpk6 kinase cascade. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction module involved in transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus for appropriate cellular adjustment. this cascade essentially consists of three components: a mapk kinase kinase (mapkkk), a mapk kinase, and a mapk, connected to each other by the event of phosphorylation. here, we report the characterization of a mapkkk, aba-insensitive protein kinase1 (aik1), which regulates abscisic acid (a ... | 2017 | 27913741 |
| complete nucleotide sequences and construction of full-length infectious cdna clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) in a versatile newly developed binary vector including both 35s and t7 promoters. | seed-transmitted viruses have caused significant damage to watermelon crops in korea in recent years, with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) infection widespread as a result of infected seed lots. to determine the likely origin of cgmmv infection, we collected cgmmv isolates from watermelon and melon fields and generated full-length infectious cdna clones. the full-length cdnas were cloned into newly constructed binary vector pjy, which includes both the 35s and t7 promoters for versati ... | 2017 | 27913980 |
| nicotiana benthamiana plants asymptomatically infected by pelargonium line pattern virus show unusually high accumulation of viral small rnas that is neither associated with dcl induction nor rdr6 activity. | pelargonium line pattern virus (plpv, tombusviridae) normally establishes systemic, low-titered and asymptomatic infections in its hosts. this type of interaction may be largely determined by events related to rna silencing, a major antiviral mechanism in plants. this mechanism is triggered by double or quasi double-stranded (ds) viral rnas which are cut by dcl ribonucleases into virus small rnas (vsrnas). such vsrnas are at the core of the silencing process as they guide sequence-specific rna d ... | 2017 | 27915129 |
| p22 of tomato chlorosis virus, an rna silencing suppressor, is naturally expressed in the infected plant. | 2017 | 27928924 | |
| purification and immunogenicity of hemagglutinin from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 is an ongoing global health concern due to its severe sporadic outbreaks in asia, africa and europe, which poses a potential pandemic threat. the development of safe and cost-effective vaccine candidates for hpai is considered the best strategy for managing the disease and addressing the pandemic preparedness. the most potential vaccine candidate is the antigenic determinant of influenza a virus, hemagglutinin (ha). the present research was aimed at ... | 2017 | 27929750 |
| avrpm2 encodes an rnase-like avirulence effector which is conserved in the two different specialized forms of wheat and rye powdery mildew fungus. | there is a large diversity of genetically defined resistance genes in bread wheat against the powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis (b. g.) f. sp. tritici. many confer race-specific resistance to this pathogen, but until now only the mildew avirulence gene avrpm3(a2/f2) that is recognized by pm3a/f was known molecularly. we performed map-based cloning and genome-wide association studies to isolate a candidate for the mildew avirulence gene avrpm2. we then used transient expression assays in ... | 2017 | 27935041 |
| cyanophycinase cphe from p. alcaligenes produced in different compartments of n. benthamiana degrades high amounts of cyanophycin in plant extracts. | one of the major constraints in pig and poultry farming is the supply of protein-rich forage, containing sufficient amounts of key amino acids such as arginine (ufaz and galili 2008). since these are underrepresented in plant proteins, the usage of plants as feed is limited. the heterologous production of the cyanobacterial storage polymer cyanophycin granule polypeptide (cgp) in plastids increases the amount of arginine substantially (huhns et al. 2008; huhns et al. 2009; nausch et al. 2016a). ... | 2017 | 27942753 |
| dicer-like 4 is involved in restricting the systemic movement of zucchini yellow mosaic virus in nicotiana benthamiana. | zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) induces serious diseases in cucurbits. to create a tool to screen for resistance genes, we cloned a wild zymv isolate and inserted the visual marker rosea1 to obtain recombinant clone zymv-ros1. while in some plant-virus combinations rosea1 induces accumulation of anthocyanins in infected tissues, zymv-ros1 infection of cucurbits did not lead to detectable anthocyanin accumulation. however, the recombinant virus did induce dark red pigmentation in infected tis ... | 2017 | 27958768 |
| p1-independent replication and local movement of rice yellow mottle virus in host and non-host plant species. | sobemovirus p1 protein, characterized previously as a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing, is required for systemic virus spread and infection in plants. mutations in the orf1 initiation codon do not affect viral replication indicating p1 is not necessary for this process. wild type, recombinant and p1 deletion mutants of cocksfoot mottle virus and rice yellow mottle virus were used to infect oat, rice, wheat, barley, arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana plants. wild type ... | 2017 | 27960111 |
| non-host resistance induced by the xanthomonas effector xopq is widespread within the genus nicotiana and functionally depends on eds1. | most gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria translocate effector proteins (t3es) directly into plant cells via a conserved type iii secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity in susceptible plants. in resistant plants, recognition of some t3es is mediated by corresponding resistance (r) genes or r proteins and induces effector triggered immunity (eti) that often results in programmed cell death reactions. the identification of r genes and understanding their evolution/distribution b ... | 2016 | 27965697 |
| knocking down expression of the auxin-amidohydrolase iar3 alters defense responses in solanaceae family plants. | in plants, indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) amido hydrolases (ahs) participate in auxin homeostasis by releasing free iaa from iaa-amino acid conjugates. we investigated the role of iar3, a member of the iaa amido hydrolase family, in the response of solanaceous plants challenged by biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens. by means of genome inspection and phylogenic analysis we firstly identified iaa-ah sequences and putative iar3 orthologs in nicotiana benthamiana, tomato and potato. we evaluated t ... | 2016 | 27968994 |
| mouse fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (fit2) promotes lipid droplet accumulation in plants. | fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (fit2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (er)-localized protein that plays an important role in lipid droplet (ld) formation in animal cells. however, no obvious homologue of fit2 is found in plants. here, we tested the function of fit2 in plant cells by ectopically expressing mouse (mus musculus) fit2 in nicotiana tabacum suspension-cultured cells, nicotiana benthamiana leaves and arabidopsis thaliana plants. confocal microscopy indicated that the expressi ... | 2016 | 27987528 |
| itraq analysis of the tobacco leaf proteome reveals that rna-directed dna methylation (rddm) has important roles in defense against geminivirus-betasatellite infection. | geminiviruses have caused serious losses in crop production. to investigate the mechanisms underlying host defenses against geminiviruses, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq)-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to explore the expression profiles of proteins in nicotiana benthamiana (n. benthamiana) leaves in response to tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv) with its betasatellite (tylccnb) at an early phase. in total, 4155 proteins were identified ... | 2017 | 27989946 |
| characterization and functional analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in fragaria vesca. | calcium is a universal messenger that is involved in the modulation of diverse developmental and adaptive processes in response to various stimuli. calmodulin (cam) and calmodulin-like (cml) proteins are major calcium sensors in all eukaryotes, and they have been extensively investigated for many years in plants and animals. however, little is known about cams and cmls in woodland strawberry (fragaria vesca). in this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the strawberry genome and identif ... | 2016 | 27990153 |
| two subclasses of differentially expressed tps1 genes and biochemically active tps1 proteins may contribute to sugar signalling in kiwifruit actinidia chinensis. | trehalose metabolism and its intermediate trehalose-6-phosphate (t6p) are implicated in sensing and signalling sucrose availability. four class i trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) genes were identified in kiwifruit, three of which have both the tps and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tpp) domain, while the fourth gene gives rise to a truncated transcript. the transcript with highest sequence homology to arabidopsis tps1, designated tps1.1a was the most highly abundant tps1 transcript in a ... | 2016 | 27992562 |
| the tomato i gene for fusarium wilt resistance encodes an atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein whose function is nevertheless dependent on sobir1 and serk3/bak1. | we have identified the tomato i gene for resistance to the fusarium wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) and show that it encodes a membrane-anchored leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein (lrr-rlp). unlike most other lrr-rlp genes involved in plant defence, the i gene is not a member of a gene cluster and contains introns in its coding sequence. the i gene encodes a loopout domain larger than those in most other lrr-rlps, with a distinct composition rich in serine and thre ... | 2017 | 27995670 |
| characterization of silencing suppressor p24 of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2. | grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (glrav-2) p24 has been reported to be an rna silencing suppressor (rss). however, the mechanisms underlying p24's suppression of rna silencing are unknown. using agrobacterium infiltration-mediated rna silencing assays, we showed that glrav-2 p24 is a strong rss triggered by positive-sense green fluorescent protein (gfp) rna, and that silencing suppression by p24 effectively blocks the accumulation of small interfering rnas. deletion analyses showed that the ... | 2016 | 27997767 |
| characterization of a novel inhibitory human monoclonal antibody directed against plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1. | malaria remains a major challenge to global health causing extensive morbidity and mortality. yet, there is no efficient vaccine and the immune response remains incompletely understood. apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1), a leading vaccine candidate, plays a key role during merozoite invasion into erythrocytes by interacting with rhoptry neck protein 2 (ron2). we generated a human anti-ama1-antibody (humabama1) by ebv-transformation of sorted b-lymphocytes from a ghanaian donor and subsequent resc ... | 2016 | 28000709 |
| thioesterase overexpression in nicotiana benthamiana leaf increases the fatty acid flux into triacylgycerol. | increasing the oil content of leafy biomass is emerging as a sustainable source of vegetable oil to meet global demand. transient gene expression in leaf provides a reproducible platform to study the effect of transgenes on lipid biosynthesis. we first generated a transgenic nicotiana benthamiana line containing high levels of triacylglycerol in the leaf tissue (31.4% by dry weight) by stably expressing wri1, dgat1 and oleosin. we then used this line as a platform to test the effect of three ara ... | 2017 | 28024101 |
| artificial micrornas and synthetic trans-acting small interfering rnas interfere with viroid infection. | artificial micrornas (amirnas) and synthetic trans-acting small interfering rnas (syn-tasirnas) are two classes of artificial small rnas (srnas) engineered to silence endogenous transcripts as well as viral rnas in plants. here, we explore the possibility of using amirnas and syn-tasirnas to specifically interfere with infections by viroids, small (250-400-nucleotide) non-coding circular rnas with compact secondary structure infecting a wide range of plant species. the combined use of recent hig ... | 2016 | 28026103 |
| a conserved region in the closterovirus 1a polyprotein drives extensive remodeling of endoplasmic reticulum membranes and induces motile globules in nicotiana benthamiana cells. | in infected plant cells, closterovirus replicative polyproteins 1a and 1ab drive membrane remodeling and formation of multivesicular replication platforms. polyprotein 1a contains a variable central region (cr) between the methyltransferase and helicase domains. in a previous study, we have found that transient expression of the beet yellows virus cr-2 segment (aa 1305-1494) in nicotiana benthamiana induces the formation of ~1µm mobile globules originating from the er membranes. in the present s ... | 2017 | 28027478 |
| the pseudomonas putida t6ss is a plant warden against phytopathogens. | bacterial type vi secretion systems (t6sss) are molecular weapons designed to deliver toxic effectors into prey cells. these nanomachines have an important role in inter-bacterial competition and provide advantages to t6ss active strains in polymicrobial environments. here we analyze the genome of the biocontrol agent pseudomonas putida kt2440 and identify three t6ss gene clusters (k1-, k2- and k3-t6ss). besides, 10 t6ss effector-immunity pairs were found, including putative nucleases and pore-f ... | 2017 | 28045455 |
| a thioredoxin nbtrxh2 from nicotiana benthamiana negatively regulates the movement of bamboo mosaic virus. | an up-regulated gene derived from bamboo mosaic virus (bamv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants was cloned and characterized in this study. bamv is a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus. this gene product, designated as nbtrxh2, was matched with sequences of thioredoxin h proteins, a group of small proteins with a conserved active-site motif wcxpc conferring disulfide reductase activity. to examine how nbtrxh2 is involved in the infection cycle of bamv, we used the virus-induced gene si ... | 2017 | 28052479 |
| expression, purification, and biophysical characterization of a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein in nicotiana benthamiana. | anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. in this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (cmg2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (fc) domain of human immunoglobulin g1 in nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. using the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and co-e ... | 2017 | 28054967 |
| transcriptome-wide mapping of rna 5-methylcytosine in arabidopsis mrnas and noncoding rnas. | posttranscriptional methylation of rna cytosine residues to 5-methylcytosine (m(5)c) is an important modification with diverse roles, such as regulating stress responses, stem cell proliferation, and rna metabolism. here, we used rna bisulfite sequencing for transcriptome-wide quantitative mapping of m(5)c in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana we discovered more than a thousand m(5)c sites in arabidopsis mrnas, long noncoding rnas, and other noncoding rnas across three tissue types (siliques, ... | 2017 | 28062751 |
| co-expression of peppermint geranyl diphosphate synthase small subunit enhances monoterpene production in transgenic tobacco plants. | monoterpenes are important for plant survival and useful to humans. in addition to their function in plant defense, monoterpenes are also used as flavors, fragrances and medicines. several metabolic engineering strategies have been explored to produce monoterpene in tobacco but only trace amounts of monoterpenes have been detected. we investigated the effects of solanum lycopersicum 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (sldxs), arabidopsis thaliana geranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (atgps) and m ... | 2017 | 28079933 |
| deep sequencing analysis reveals a tmv mutant with a poly(a) tract reduces host defense responses in nicotiana benthamiana. | tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) possesses an upstream pseudoknotted domain (upd), which is important for replication. after substituting the upd with an internal poly(a) tract (43 nt), a mutant tmv-43a was constructed. tmv-43a replicated slower than tmv and induced a non-lethal mosaic symptom in nicotiana benthamiana. in this study, deep sequencing was performed to detect the differences of small rna profiles between tmv- and tmv-43a-infected n. benthamiana. the results showed that tmv-43a produced l ... | 2017 | 28082213 |
| interaction of mal de río cuarto virus (fijivirus genus) proteins and identification of putative factors determining viroplasm formation and decay. | mal de río cuarto virus (mrcv) is a member of the fijivirus genus, within the reoviridae family, that replicates and assembles in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms. in this study, we investigated interactions between ten mrcv proteins by yeast two-hybrid (y2h) assays and identified interactions of non-structural proteins p6/p6, p9-2/p9-2 and p6/p9-1. p9-1 and p6 are the major and minor components of the viroplasms respectively, whereas p9-2 is an n-glycosylated membrane protein of u ... | 2017 | 28087398 |
| molecular characterization and construction of an infectious clone of a pepper isolate of beet curly top iran virus. | geminiviruses cause curly top disease, in dicotyledonous plants which constrains host crop production. beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a widespread becurtovirus (family geminiviridae) in numerous areas within iran. in this study, we isolated and analyzed a full-length genomic dna of a new variant of bctiv from pepper crops in the kaftark region, east of shiraz (proposed acronym: bctiv-kaf [ir: kaf:2016:pepper]). infected pepper plants showed shortening of internodes, severe interveinal chlo ... | 2016 | 28097164 |
| high virulence does not necessarily impede viral adaptation to a new host: a case study using a plant rna virus. | theory suggests that high virulence could hinder between-host transmission of microparasites, and that virulence therefore will evolve to lower levels. alternatively, highly virulent microparasites could also curtail host development, thereby limiting both the host resources available to them and their own within-host effective population size. in this case, high virulence might restrain the mutation supply rate and increase the strength with which genetic drift acts on microparasite populations ... | 2017 | 28103791 |
| the iqd family of calmodulin-binding proteins links calcium signaling to microtubules, membrane subdomains, and the nucleus. | calcium (ca(2+)) signaling and dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton are essential processes for the coordination and control of plant cell shape and cell growth. calmodulin (cam) and closely related calmodulin-like (cml) polypeptides are principal sensors of ca(2+) signals. cam/cmls decode and relay information encrypted by the second messenger via differential interactions with a wide spectrum of targets to modulate their diverse biochemical activities. the plant-specific iq67 domain (iqd ... | 2017 | 28115582 |
| subunit-selective proteasome activity profiling uncovers uncoupled proteasome subunit activities during bacterial infections. | the proteasome is a nuclear-cytoplasmic proteolytic complex involved in nearly all regulatory pathways in plant cells. the three different catalytic activities of the proteasome can have different functions, but tools to monitor and control these subunits selectively are not yet available in plant science. here, we introduce subunit-selective inhibitors and dual-color fluorescent activity-based probes for studying two of the three active catalytic subunits of the plant proteasome. we validate th ... | 2017 | 28117509 |
| distinct regions of the phytophthora essential effector avh238 determine its function in cell death activation and plant immunity suppression. | phytophthora pathogens secrete effectors to manipulate host innate immunity, thus facilitating infection. among the rxlr effectors highly induced during phytophthora sojae infection, avh238 not only contributes to pathogen virulence but also triggers plant cell death. however, the detailed molecular basis of avh238 functions remains largely unknown. we mapped the regions responsible for avh238 functions in pathogen virulence and plant cell death induction using a strategy that combines investiga ... | 2017 | 28134441 |
| a virus-derived stacked rnai construct confers robust resistance to cassava brown streak disease. | cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) threatens food and economic security for smallholder farmers throughout east and central africa, and poses a threat to cassava production in west africa. cbsd is caused by two whitefly-transmitted virus species: cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv) (genus: ipomovirus, family potyviridae). although varying levels of tolerance have been achieved through conventional breeding, to date, effective resistance to cbsd withi ... | 2016 | 28149300 |
| biosynthesis of cabbage phytoalexins from indole glucosinolate. | brassica crop species are prolific producers of indole-sulfur phytoalexins that are thought to have an important role in plant disease resistance. these molecules are conspicuously absent in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, and little is known about the enzymatic steps that assemble the key precursor brassinin. here, we report the minimum set of biosynthetic genes required to generate cruciferous phytoalexins starting from the well-studied glucosinolate pathway. in vitro biochemical charact ... | 2017 | 28154137 |
| harnessing host ros-generating machinery for the robust genome replication of a plant rna virus. | as sessile organisms, plants have to accommodate to rapid changes in their surrounding environment. reactive oxygen species (ros) act as signaling molecules to transduce biotic and abiotic stimuli into plant stress adaptations. it is established that a respiratory burst oxidase homolog b of nicotiana benthamiana (nbrbohb) produces ros in response to microbe-associated molecular patterns to inhibit pathogen infection. plant viruses are also known as causative agents of ros induction in infected p ... | 2017 | 28154139 |
| functional characterization of csbglu12, a β-glucosidase from crocus sativus, provides insights into its role in abiotic stress through accumulation of antioxidant flavonols. | glycosylation and deglycosylation are impressive mechanisms that allow plants to regulate the biological activity of an array of secondary metabolites. although glycosylation improves solubility and renders the metabolites suitable for transport and sequestration, deglycosylation activates them to carry out biological functions. herein, we report the functional characterization of csbglu12, a β-glucosidase from crocus sativus. csbglu12 has a characteristic glucoside hydrolase 1 family (α/β)8 tri ... | 2017 | 28154174 |
| corrigendum: enhancement of rna-directed dna methylation of a transgene by simultaneously downregulating a ros1 ortholog using a virus vector in nicotiana benthamiana. | [this corrects the article on p. 44 in vol. 4, pmid: 23565118.]. | 2017 | 28167955 |
| new korean isolates of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov) differ in symptom severity and subcellular localization of the 126 kda protein. | two isolates of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov) were selected from a nationwide survey of pepper fields in south korea in 2014 and 2015, in which cucumber mosaic virus was also detected; the two pmmov isolates, sangcheong 47 (s-47, kx399390) and jeongsong 76 (j-76, kx399389), share ~99% nucleotide and amino acid identity and are closely related to japanese and chinese isolates at the nucleotide level. amino acid sequence comparisons revealed 99.73, 99.81, 98.44, and 100% identity in the orf1, o ... | 2017 | 28176159 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein production in tobacco. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) causes mortality in numerous marine and freshwater fish species resulting in heavy losses in fish farming. the glycoprotein gene of vhsv was fused with the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) and expressed transiently in leaf tissues of nicotiana benthamiana via the agroinfiltration method. the glycoprotein gene was divided into two parts to improve assembly of ctb fusion proteins (ctb-vhsv99-235 and ctb-vhsv258-417). production of ctb fusion proteins was conf ... | 2017 | 28192199 |
| triticum aestivum wrab18 functions in plastids and confers abiotic stress tolerance when overexpressed in escherichia coli and nicotiania benthamiana. | wrab18, an aba-inducible protein belongs to the third family of late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins which can be induced by different biotic or abiotic stresses. in the present study, wrab18 was cloned from the zhengyin 1 cultivar of triticum aestivum and overexpressed in escherichia coli to explore its effects on the growth of e. coli under different abiotic stresses. results suggested the enhanced exhibition of tolerance of e. coli to these stresses. meanwhile, the wrab18-transgenic tob ... | 2017 | 28207772 |
| rice grassy stunt virus p5 interacts with two protein components of the plant-specific cbl-cipk ca(+2) signaling network of rice. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) is a tenuivirus posing a threat to rice production in many south, southeast, and east asian countries. to date, no host factor interacting with rgsv has been reported. in this study, we screened a rice cdna library with the gal4-based yeast two-hybrid system using rgsv p5 as the bait. one of the candidate host factors interacting with rgsv p5 was found to be cbl-interacting protein kinase 25 (oscipk25), a member of the plant-specific cbl-cipk ca(2+) signaling netwo ... | 2017 | 28213698 |
| increasing the carbohydrate storage capacity of plants by engineering a glycogen-like polymer pool in the cytosol. | global demand for higher crop yields and for more efficient utilization of agricultural products will grow over the next decades. here, we present a new concept for boosting the carbohydrate content of plants, by channeling photosynthetically fixed carbon into a newly engineered glucose polymer pool. we transiently expressed the starch/glycogen synthases from either saccharomyces cerevisiae or cyanidioschyzon merolae, together with the starch branching enzyme from c. merolae, in the cytosol of n ... | 2017 | 28216105 |
| the cell death triggered by the nuclear localized rxlr effector pitg_22798 from phytophthora infestans is suppressed by the effector avr3b. | phytopathogenic oomycetes, such as phytophthora infestans, potentially secrete many rxlr effector proteins into plant cells to modulate plant immune responses and promote colonization. however, the molecular mechanisms by which these rxlr effectors suppress plant immune responses are largely unknown. here we describe an rxlr effector pitg_22798 (gene accession: xm_002998349) that was upregulated during early infection of potato by p. infestans. by employment of agroinfiltration, we observed that ... | 2017 | 28216607 |
| methods to quantify pamp-triggered oxidative burst, map kinase phosphorylation, gene expression, and lignification in brassicas. | quantitative disease resistance (qdr) based on pamp-triggered immunity (pti) could be durable and effective against many pathogens (broad spectrum). development of methods to evaluate pti responses in crops could therefore accelerate breeding for durable qdr. most pti-studies involved model plants such as arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana or cell cultures, and cannot be directly applied to diverse germplasm of crop plants.we developed methods to measure pti in brassica crop species (lloyd et ... | 2017 | 28220438 |
| animal component-free agrobacterium tumefaciens cultivation media for better gmp-compliance increases biomass yield and pharmaceutical protein expression in nicotiana benthamiana. | transient expression systems allow the rapid production of recombinant proteins in plants. such systems can be scaled up to several hundred kilograms of biomass, making them suitable for the production of pharmaceutical proteins required at short notice, such as emergency vaccines. however, large-scale transient expression requires the production of recombinant agrobacterium tumefaciens strains with the capacity for efficient gene transfer to plant cells. the complex media often used for the cul ... | 2017 | 28221723 |
| a viral satellite dna vector (tylccnv) for functional analysis of mirnas and sirnas in plants. | with experimental and bioinformatical methods, numerous small rnas, including micrornas (mirnas) and short interfering rnas (sirnas), have been found in plants, and they play vital roles in various biological regulation processes. however, most of these small rnas remain to be functionally characterized. until now, only several viral vectors were developed to overexpress mirnas with limited application in plants. in this study, we report a new small rna overexpression system via viral satellite ... | 2017 | 28228536 |
| tobacco vein banding mosaic virus 6k2 protein hijacks nbpsbo1 for virus replication. | chloroplast-bound vesicles are key components in viral replication complexes (vrcs) of potyviruses. the potyviral vrcs are induced by the second 6 kda protein (6k2) and contain at least viral rna and nuclear inclusion protein b. to date, no chloroplast protein has been identified to interact with 6k2 and involve in potyvirus replication. in this paper, we showed that the photosystem ii oxygen evolution complex protein of nicotiana benthamiana (nbpsbo1) was a chloroplast protein interacting with ... | 2017 | 28230184 |
| the widely used nicotiana benthamiana 16c line has an unusual t-dna integration pattern including a transposon sequence. | nicotiana benthamiana is employed around the world for many types of research and one transgenic line has been used more extensively than any other. this line, 16c, expresses the aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (gfp), highly and constitutively, and has been a major resource for visualising the mobility and actions of small rnas. insights into the mechanisms studied at a molecular level in n. benthamiana 16c are likely to be deeper and more accurate with a greater knowledge of the gfp ... | 2017 | 28231340 |
| recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (afgf) expressed in nicotiana benthamiana potentially inhibits skin photoaging. | responding to the need for recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, we established a scalable expression system for recombinant human afgf using transient and a dna replicon vector expression in nicotiana benthamiana. recombinant human-acidic fibroblast growth factor was recovered following agrobacterium infiltration of n. benthamiana. the optimal time point at which to harvest recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor expressing leaves w ... | 2017 | 28249301 |
| identification of host factors potentially involved in rtm-mediated resistance during potyvirus long distance movement. | the long distance movement of potyviruses is a poorly understood step of the viral cycle. only factors inhibiting this process, referred to as "restricted tev movement" (rtm), have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana. on the virus side, the potyvirus coat protein (cp) displays determinants required for long-distance movement and for rtm-based resistance breaking. however, the potyvirus cp was previously shown not to interact with the rtm proteins. we undertook the identification of arabidops ... | 2017 | 28251380 |
| identification of a drimenol synthase and drimenol oxidase from persicaria hydropiper, involved in the biosynthesis of insect deterrent drimanes. | the sesquiterpenoid polygodial, belonging to the drimane family, has been shown to be an antifeedant for a number of herbivorous insects. it is presumed to be synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate via drimenol, subsequent c-12 hydroxylation, and further oxidations at both c-11 and c-12 to form a dialdehyde. here, we have identified a drimenol synthase (phds) and a cytochrome p450 drimenol oxidase (phdox1) from persicaria hydropiper. expression of phds in yeast and plants resulted in production o ... | 2017 | 28258968 |
| a cgmmv genome-replicon vector with partial sequences of coat protein gene efficiently expresses gfp in nicotiana benthamiana. | a highly infectious clone of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv), a cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus was utilized for designing of gene expression vectors. two versions of vector were examined for their efficacy in expressing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) in nicotiana benthamiana. when the gfp gene was inserted at the stop codon of coat protein (cp) gene of the cgmmv genome without any read-through codon, systemic expression of gfp, as well as virion formation and systemic symptoms ex ... | 2017 | 28263842 |
| rxlr effector avr2 up-regulates a brassinosteroid responsive bhlh transcription factor to suppress immunity. | an emerging area in plant research focuses on antagonism between regulatory systems governing growth and immunity. such crosstalk represents a point of vulnerability for pathogens to exploit. avr2, an rxlr effector secreted by the potato blight pathogen phytophthora infestans, interacts with potato bsl1, a putative phosphatase implicated in growth-promoting brassinosteroid (br) hormone signalling. transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum) plants expressing the effector exhibit transcriptional and ph ... | 2017 | 28270626 |
| enhanced transport of plant-produced rabies single chain antibody-rvg peptide fusion protein across an in cellulo blood-brain barrier device. | the biomedical applications of antibody engineering are developing rapidly and have been expanded to plant expression platforms. in the present study, we have generated a novel antibody molecule in planta for targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). rabies virus (rabv) is a neurotropic virus for which there is no effective treatment after entry into the central nervous system (cns). this study investigated the use of a rabv glycoprotein peptide sequence to assist delivery of a rab ... | 2017 | 28273388 |
| silencing of the fro1 gene and its effects on iron partition in nicotiana benthamiana. | to evaluate the dynamic role of the ferric-chelate reductase enzyme (fcr) and to identify possible pathways of regulation of its activity in different plant organs an investigation was conducted by virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) using tobacco rattle virus (trv) to silence the ferric reductase oxidase gene (fro1) that encodes the fcr enzyme. half of nicotiana benthamiana plants received the vigs vector and the rest remained as control. four treatments were imposed: two levels of fe in the nu ... | 2017 | 28285085 |
| the arabidopsis lipid transfer protein 2 (atltp2) is involved in cuticle-cell wall interface integrity and in etiolated hypocotyl permeability. | plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) belong to a complex multigenic family implicated in diverse physiological processes. however, their function and mode of action remain unclear probably because of functional redundancy. among the different roles proposed for nsltps, it has long been suggested that they could transport cuticular precursor across the cell wall during the formation of the cuticle, which constitutes the first physical barrier for plant interactions with their aeria ... | 2017 | 28289427 |
| total biosynthesis of the cyclic amp booster forskolin from coleus forskohlii. | forskolin is a unique structurally complex labdane type diterpenoid used in the treatment of glaucoma and heart failure based on its activity as a cyclic amp booster. commercial production of forskolin relies exclusively on extraction from its only known natural source, the plant coleus forskohlii, in which forskolin accumulates in the root cork. here we report the discovery of five cytochrome p450s and two acetyltransferases which catalyze a cascade of reactions converting the forskolin precurs ... | 2017 | 28290983 |
| efficient transient expression of recombinant proteins in plants by the novel peff vector based on the genome of potato virus x. | agroinfiltration of plant leaves with binary vectors carrying a gene of interest within a plant viral vector is a rapid and efficient method for protein production in plants. previously, we constructed a self-replicating vector, pa7248amv, based on the genetic elements of potato virus x (pvx), and have shown that this vector can be used for the expression of recombinant proteins in nicotiana benthamiana. however, this vector is almost 18 kb long and therefore not convenient for genetic manipulat ... | 2017 | 28293244 |
| induction of xa10-like genes in rice cultivar nipponbare confers disease resistance to rice bacterial blight. | bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases throughout the major rice growing regions in the world. the rice disease resistance (r) genes xa10 confers race-specific disease resistance to x. oryzae pv. oryzae strains that deliver the corresponding transcription activator-like (tal) effectors avrxa10. upon bacterial infection, avrxa10 binds specifically to the effector binding element (ebe) in the promoter of the r gene and a ... | 2017 | 28304228 |
| phosphorylation of wrinkled1 by kin10 results in its proteasomal degradation, providing a link between energy homeostasis and lipid biosynthesis. | wrinkled1 (wri1), a member of the apetala2 (ap2) class of transcription factors, positively regulates glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. here we identify mechanistic links between kin10, the major sucrose non-fermentation-1 (snf1)-related kinase 1 (snrk1) involved in sugar/energy homeostasis and the posttranslational regulation of wri1. transient expression of wri1 with oleosin1 (ole1) in nicotiana benthamiana stimulates triacylglycerol (tag) accumulation, but their coexp ... | 2017 | 28314829 |
| expression of 16 nitrogenase proteins within the plant mitochondrial matrix. | the industrial production and use of nitrogenous fertilizer involves significant environmental and economic costs. strategies to reduce fertilizer dependency are required to address the world's increasing demand for sustainable food, fibers, and biofuels. biological nitrogen fixation, a process unique to diazatrophic bacteria, is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex, and reconstituting this function in plant cells is an ambitious biotechnological strategy to reduce fertilizer use. here we establ ... | 2017 | 28316608 |
| co-expression with the type 3 secretion chaperone cest from enterohemorrhagic e. coli increases accumulation of recombinant tir in plant chloroplasts. | type 3 secretion systems (t3sss) are utilized by pathogenic escherichia coli to infect their hosts and many proteins from these systems are affected by chaperones specific to t3ss-containing bacteria. toward developing a recombinant vaccine against enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), we expressed recombinant t3ss and related proteins from predominant ehec serotypes in nicotiana chloroplasts. nicotiana benthamiana were transiently transformed to express chloroplast-targeted tir, nlea, and espd fro ... | 2017 | 28321227 |
| altered expression of a chloroplast protein affects the outcome of virus and nematode infection. | the chloroplast-resident rna helicase ise2 (increased size exclusion limit 2) can modulate the formation and distribution of plasmodesmata and intercellular trafficking. we have determined that ise2 expression is induced by viral infection. therefore the responses of nicotiana benthamiana plants with varying levels of ise2 expression to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and turnip mosaic virus (tumv) were examined. surprisingly, increased or decreased ise2 expression led to faster viral sy ... | 2017 | 28323529 |
| subcellular localization of arabidopsis arogenate dehydratases suggests novel and non-enzymatic roles. | arogenate dehydratases (adts) catalyze the final step in phenylalanine biosynthesis in plants. the arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes a family of six adts capable of decarboxylating/dehydrating arogenate into phenylalanine. using cyan fluorescent protein (cfp)-tagged proteins, the subcellular localization patterns of all six a. thaliana adts were investigated in intact nicotiana benthamiana and a. thaliana leaf cells. we show that a. thaliana adts localize to stroma and stromules (stroma-filled ... | 2017 | 28338876 |
| characterization of genes encoding key enzymes involved in anthocyanin metabolism of kiwifruit during storage period. | 'hongyang' is a red fleshed kiwifruit with high anthocyanin content. in this study, we mainly investigated effects of different temperatures (25 and 0°c) on anthocyanin biosynthesis in harvested kiwifruit, and characterized the genes encoding key enzymes involved in anthocyanin metabolism, as well as evaluated the mode of the action, by which low temperature regulates anthocyanin accumulation in 'hongyang' kiwifruit during storage period. the results showed that low temperature could effectively ... | 2017 | 28344589 |
| synergistic infection of bryv and pemv 2 increases the accumulations of both bryv and bryv-derived sirnas in nicotiana benthamiana. | viral synergism is caused by co-infection of two unrelated viruses, leading to more severe symptoms or increased titres of one or both viruses. synergistic infection of phloem-restricted poleroviruses and umbraviruses has destructive effects on crop plants. the mechanism underlying this synergy remains elusive. in our study, synergism was observed in co-infections of a polerovirus brassica yellows virus (bryv) and an umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus 2 (pemv 2) on nicotiana benthamiana, which ... | 2017 | 28345652 |
| transient bluetongue virus serotype 8 capsid protein expression in nicotiana benthamiana. | bluetongue virus (btv) causes severe disease in domestic and wild ruminants, and has recently caused several outbreaks in europe. current vaccines include live-attenuated and inactivated viruses; while these are effective, there is risk of reversion to virulence by mutation or reassortment with wild type viruses. subunit or virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines are safer options: vlp vaccines produced in insect cells by expression of the four btv capsid proteins are protective against challenge; ho ... | 2016 | 28352588 |
| resolution of cassava-infecting alphaflexiviruses: molecular and biological characterization of a novel group of potexviruses lacking the tgb3 gene. | several potexviruses (family alphaflexiviridae) have been reported infecting cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the americas. they were isolated from severely diseased plants during the last 30-40 years and include: cassava common mosaic virus (cscmv), cassava caribbean mosaic virus (cscamv), cassava colombian symptomless virus (cscsv) and cassava virus x (csvx). however, their definitive classification as distinct species remains unresolved for several reasons, including the lack of sequence ... | 2017 | 28365210 |
| identification and functional characterization of three type iii polyketide synthases from aquilaria sinensis calli. | type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) play an important role in biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites and plant adaptation to environmental stresses. aquilaria sinensis (a. sinensis) is the main plant species for production of agarwood, little is known about its pks family. in this study, aschs1 and two new type iii pkss, aspks1 and aspks2, were isolated and characterized in a. sinensis calli. the comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that aspks1 and aspks2 belong ... | 2017 | 28366630 |
| a split staphylococcus aureus cas9 as a compact genome editing tool in plants. | split-protein methods-where a protein is split into two inactive fragments that must re-assemble to form an active protein-can be used to regulate the activity of a given protein and reduce the size of gene transcription units. here, we show that a staphylococcus aureus cas9 (sacas9) can be split, and that split-sacas9 expressed from agrobacterium can induce targeted mutagenesis in nicotiana benthamiana. since sacas9 is smaller than the more commonly used cas9 derived from streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2017 | 28371831 |
| atmospheric pressure pulsed plasma induces cell death in photosynthetic organs via intracellularly generated ros. | the toxicity of atmospheric-pressure pulsed plasma on plant leaf tissues is studied. a nanosecond-pulsed plasma jet is applied to arabidopsis thaliana leaves. in case of cotyledon, cell death is induced by treatment of only a few seconds. cell death is also induced in the adult leaf by only 5 seconds of plasma treatment. plasma induced reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation across the tissues within plasma-treated area. plasma also induced direct physical damage to epidermis tissue of treate ... | 2017 | 28373681 |
| potato virus y hcpro suppression of antiviral silencing in nicotiana benthamiana plants correlates with its ability to bind in vivo to 21- and 22-nucleotide small rnas of viral sequence. | we have investigated short and small rnas (srnas) that were bound to a biologically active hexahistidine-tagged potato virus y (pvy) hcpro suppressor of silencing, expressed from a heterologous virus vector in nicotiana benthamiana plants, and purified under non-denaturing conditions. we found that rnas in purified preparations were differentially enriched in srnas of 21 and to a much lesser extent of 22 nucleotides (nt) in length and of viral sequence (vsrnas) when compared to those found in a ... | 2017 | 28381573 |
| virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 is influenced by the catabolite repression control protein crc. | pseudomonas syringae infects diverse plant species and is widely used as a model system in the study of effector function and the molecular basis of plant diseases. although the relationship between bacterial metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and virulence has attracted increasing attention in bacterial pathology, it is largely unexplored in p. syringae. the crc (catabolite repression control) protein is a putative rna-binding protein that regulates carbon metabolism as well as a number of other ... | 2017 | 28384054 |
| a new proteinaceous pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) identified in ascomycete fungi induces cell death in solanaceae. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are detected by plant pattern recognition receptors (prrs), which gives rise to pamp-triggered immunity (pti). we characterized a novel fungal pamp, cell death inducing 1 (rccdi1), identified in the rhynchosporium commune transcriptome sampled at an early stage of barley (hordeum vulgare) infection. the ability of rccdi1 and its homologues from different fungal species to induce cell death in nicotiana benthamiana was tested following agroinfiltrati ... | 2017 | 28386988 |
| the verticillium-specific protein vdscp7 localizes to the plant nucleus and modulates immunity to fungal infections. | fungal pathogens secrete effector proteins to suppress plant basal defense for successful colonization. resistant plants, however, can recognize effectors by cognate r proteins to induce effector-triggered immunity (eti). by analyzing secretomes of the vascular fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae, we identified a novel secreted protein vdscp7 that targets the plant nucleus. the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged vdscp7 gene with either a mutated nuclear localization signal motif or with add ... | 2017 | 28407259 |
| a candidate rxlr effector from plasmopara viticola can elicit immune responses in nicotiana benthamiana. | diverse plant pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to alter host processes. oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of putative rxlr effectors which are likely to play a role in manipulating plant defense responses. the secretome of plasmopara viticola (downy mildew of grapevine) contains at least 162 candidate rxlr effectors discovered in our recent studies, but their roles in infection and pathogenicity remain to be determined. here, we characterize in depth one of the putative rxlr e ... | 2017 | 28410577 |