Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| genome mining: prediction of lipopeptides and polyketides from bacillus and related firmicutes. | bacillus and related genera in the bacillales within the firmicutes harbor a variety of secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases responsible for remarkable diverse number of polyketides (pks) and lipopeptides (lps). these compounds may be utilized for medical and agricultural applications. here, we summarize the knowledge on structural diversity and underlying gene clusters of lps and pks in the bacillales. moreover, we evaluate by us ... | 2015 | 25893081 |
| comprehensive functional analysis of the 18 vibrio cholerae n16961 toxin-antitoxin systems substantiates their role in stabilizing the superintegron. | the role of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems, which are ubiquitous within the genomes of free-living bacteria, is still debated. we have scanned the vibrio cholerae n16961 genome for class 2 ta genes and identified 18 gene pair candidates. interestingly, all but one are located in the chromosome 2 superintegron (si). the single ta found outside the si is located on chromosome 1 and is related to the well-characterized hipab family, which is known to play a role in antibiotic persistence. ... | 2015 | 25897030 |
| perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. | plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (mamps/pamps) which are microorganism molecular signatures. located at the plant plasma membrane, the prrs are generally receptor-like kinases (rlks) or receptor-like proteins (rlps). mamp detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called mamp-triggered i ... | 2015 | 25904927 |
| ex situ conservation priorities for the wild relatives of potato (solanum l. section petota). | crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and disease resistance, and are expected to be increasingly used in the search for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. their current and future use in crop improvement depends on their availability in ex situ germplasm collections. as these plants are impacted in the wild by habitat destruction and climate change, actions to ensure their conservation ex situ become ever more urgent. we analyzed the sta ... | 2015 | 25923711 |
| recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables. | continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescen ... | 2015 | 25926843 |
| plant-microbe cross-talk in the rhizosphere: insight and biotechnological potential. | rhizosphere, the interface between soil and plant roots, is a chemically complex environment which supports the development and growth of diverse microbial communities. the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome is dynamic and controlled by multiple biotic and abiotic factors that include environmental parameters, physiochemical properties of the soil, biological activities of the plants and chemical signals from the plants and bacteria which inhabit the soil adherent to root-system. recent a ... | 2015 | 25926899 |
| xocr, a luxr solo required for virulence in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) causes bacterial leaf streak (bls) in rice, a serious bacterial disease of rice in asia and parts of africa. the virulence mechanisms of xoc are not entirely clear and control measures for bls are poorly developed. the solo luxr proteins are widespread and shown to be involved in virulence in some plant associated bacteria (pab). here, we have cloned and characterized a pab luxr solo from xoc, named as xocr. mutation of xocr almost completely impaired the v ... | 2015 | 25932456 |
| phytase activity in lichens. | phytase activity was investigated in 13 lichen species using a novel assay method. the work tested the hypothesis that phytase is a component of the suite of surface-bound lichen enzymes that hydrolyse simple organic forms of phosphorus (p) and nitrogen (n) deposited onto the thallus surface. hydrolysis of inositol hexaphosphate (insp6 , the substrate for phytase) and appearance of lower-order inositol phosphates (insp5 -insp1 ), the hydrolysis products, were measured by ion chromatography. phyt ... | 2015 | 25963718 |
| edin expression in the fat body is required in the defense against parasitic wasps in drosophila melanogaster. | the cellular immune response against parasitoid wasps in drosophila involves the activation, mobilization, proliferation and differentiation of different blood cell types. here, we have assessed the role of edin (elevated during infection) in the immune response against the parasitoid wasp leptopilina boulardi in drosophila melanogaster larvae. the expression of edin was induced within hours after a wasp infection in larval fat bodies. using tissue-specific rnai, we show that edin is an importan ... | 2015 | 25965263 |
| experimental approaches to identify small rnas and their diverse roles in bacteria--what we have learnt in one decade of mica research. | nowadays the identification of small rnas (srnas) and characterization of their role within regulatory networks takes a prominent place in deciphering complex bacterial phenotypes. compared to the study of other components of bacterial cells, this is a relatively new but fast-growing research field. although reports on new srnas appear regularly, some srnas are already subject of research for a longer time. one of such srnas is mica, a srna best described for its role in outer membrane remodelin ... | 2015 | 25974745 |
| effects of plant antimicrobial phenolic compounds on virulence of the genus pectobacterium. | pectobacterium spp. are among the most devastating necrotrophs, attacking more than 50% of angiosperm plant orders. their virulence strategy is based mainly on the secretion of exoenzymes that degrade the cell walls of their hosts, providing nutrients to the bacteria, but conversely, exposing the bacteria to plant defense compounds. in the present study, we screened plant-derived antimicrobial compounds, mainly phenolic acids and polyphenols, for their ability to affect virulence determinants in ... | 2015 | 25981538 |
| cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene family in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance. | the cyclic nucleotide gated channel (cngc) is suggested to be one of the important calcium conducting channels. nevertheless, genome-wide identification and systemic functional analysis of cngc gene family in crop plant species have not yet been conducted. in this study, we performed genome-wide identification of cngc gene family in the economically important crop tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) and analyzed function of the group ivb slcngc genes in disease resistance. eighteen cngc genes were ... | 2015 | 25999969 |
| regulation of the type i-f crispr-cas system by crp-camp and galm controls spacer acquisition and interference. | the crispr-cas prokaryotic 'adaptive immune systems' represent a sophisticated defence strategy providing bacteria and archaea with protection from invading genetic elements, such as bacteriophages or plasmids. despite intensive research into their mechanism and application, how crispr-cas systems are regulated is less clear, and nothing is known about the regulation of type i-f systems. we used pectobacterium atrosepticum, a gram-negative phytopathogen, to study crispr-cas regulation, since it ... | 2015 | 26007654 |
| antimicrobial action of an endophytic fungi from sophor flavescens and structure identification of its active constituent. | endophytic fungus bs002 was isolated and characterized from sophora flavescens by plate method, which has broad antimicrobial activity. isolation and trace of a new bioactive compound from the fungus' culture extracts with the method of column chromatography and tlc biological autoradiography was conducted. finally, it was identified as 6,7-(2'e) dibutenyl-5,8-dihydroxy-(z)-cyclooct-2-ene-1,4-dione by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. the compound ... | 2014 | 26019517 |
| cyclic lipopeptide biosynthetic genes and products, and inhibitory activity of plant-associated bacillus against phytopathogenic bacteria. | the antibacterial activity against bacterial plant pathogens and its relationships with the presence of the cyclic lipopeptide (clp) biosynthetic genes ituc (iturin), bmyb (bacillomycin), fend (fengycin) and srfaa (surfactin), and their corresponding antimicrobial peptide products have been studied in a collection of 64 strains of bacillus spp. isolated from plant environments. the most frequent antimicrobial peptide (amp) genes were bmyb, srfaa and fend (34-50% of isolates). most isolates (98.4 ... | 2015 | 26024374 |
| enhanced arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity by overexpression of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. | upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) such as the bacterial flagellin (or the derived peptide flg22) by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) such as the flagellin sensing2 (fls2), plants activate the pattern-triggered immunity (pti) response. the l-type lectin receptor kinase-vi.2 (lecrk-vi.2) is a positive regulator of arabidopsis thaliana pti. cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) possess two copies of the c-x8-c-x2-c (duf26) motif in their extracellular domain ... | 2015 | 26029224 |
| pectoplate: the simultaneous phenotyping of pectin methylesterases, pectinases, and oligogalacturonides in plants during biotic stresses. | degradation of pectin, a major component of plant cell wall, is important for fungal necrotrophs to achieve a successful infection. the activities of pectin methylesterases (pmes) from both plants and pathogens and the degree and pattern of pectin methylesterification are critical for the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. partial degradation of pectin by pectin degrading enzymes releases oligogalacturonides (ogs), elicitors of plant defense responses. few analytical techniques are available ... | 2015 | 26029230 |
| ethylene response factor 96 positively regulates arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens by direct binding to gcc elements of jasmonate - and ethylene-responsive defence genes. | the erf (ethylene responsive factor) family is composed of transcription factors (tfs) that are critical for appropriate arabidopsis thaliana responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. here we identified and characterized a member of the erf tf group ix, namely erf96, that when overexpressed enhances arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens such as the fungus botrytis cinerea and the bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum. erf96 is jasmonate (ja) and ethylene (et) responsive and erf96 trans ... | 2015 | 26038230 |
| genome sequence of the potato plant pathogen dickeya dianthicola strain rns04.9. | dickeya dianthicola is one of the causative agents of soft rot and blackleg diseases, which are currently identified in european countries in a wide range of crops. here, we report the draft genome sequence of d. dianthicola strain rns04.9, which was isolated from a potato plant with blackleg symptoms in 2004. | 2015 | 26044429 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia lipopolysaccharide modification and flagellin glycosylation affect virulence but not innate immune recognition in plants. | burkholderia cenocepacia causes opportunistic infections in plants, insects, animals, and humans, suggesting that "virulence" depends on the host and its innate susceptibility to infection. we hypothesized that modifications in key bacterial molecules recognized by the innate immune system modulate host responses to b. cenocepacia. indeed, modification of lipopolysaccharide (lps) with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and flagellin glycosylation attenuates b. cenocepacia infection in arabidopsis thali ... | 2015 | 26045541 |
| sfp-type pptase inactivation promotes bacterial biofilm formation and ability to enhance wheat drought tolerance. | paenibacillus polymyxa is a common soil bacterium with broad range of practical applications. an important group of secondary metabolites in p. polymyxa are non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide derived metabolites (nrps/pks). modular non-ribosomal peptide synthetases catalyze main steps in the biosynthesis of the complex secondary metabolites. here we report on the inactivation of an a26 sfp-type 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (sfp-type pptase). the inactivation of the gene resulted in loss ... | 2015 | 26052312 |
| functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. | phytohormone jasmonates (ja) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. during signaling, ja interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (sa), gibberellin (ga), ethylene (et), auxin, brassinosteroid (br), and abscisic acid (aba), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments ... | 2015 | 26054241 |
| plant expansins: diversity and interactions with plant cell walls. | expansins were discovered two decades ago as cell wall proteins that mediate acid-induced growth by catalyzing loosening of plant cell walls without lysis of wall polymers. in the interim our understanding of expansins has gotten more complex through bioinformatic analysis of expansin distribution and evolution, as well as through expression analysis, dissection of the upstream transcription factors regulating expression, and identification of additional classes of expansin by sequence and struc ... | 2015 | 26057089 |
| virulence factors of erwinia amylovora: a review. | erwinia amylovora, a gram negative bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production. among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective. pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natur ... | 2015 | 26057748 |
| validation and application of a real-time pcr protocol for the specific detection and quantification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) multiplies very rapidly, passing through the vascular strands and into the stems and petioles of a diseased potato. therefore, the rapid and specific detection of this pathogen is highly important for the effective control of the pathogen. although several pcr assays have been developed for detection, they cannot afford specific detection of cms. therefore, in this study, a computational genome analysis was performed to compare the sequenced gen ... | 2015 | 26060431 |
| bacillus oryzicola sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the roots of rice with antimicrobial, plant growth promoting, and systemic resistance inducing activities in rice. | biological control of major rice diseases has been attempted in several rice-growing countries in asia during the last few decades and its application using antagonistic bacteria has proved to be somewhat successful for controlling various fungal diseases in field trials. two novel endophytic bacillus species, designated strains yc7007 and yc7010(t), with anti-microbial, plant growth-promoting, and systemic resistance-inducing activities were isolated from the roots of rice in paddy fields at ji ... | 2015 | 26060434 |
| synergisms between microbial pathogens in plant disease complexes: a growing trend. | plant diseases are often thought to be caused by one species or even by a specific strain. microbes in nature, however, mostly occur as part of complex communities and this has been noted since the time of van leeuwenhoek. interestingly, most laboratory studies focus on single microbial strains grown in pure culture; we were therefore unaware of possible interspecies and/or inter-kingdom interactions of pathogenic microbes in the wild. in human and animal infections, it is now being recognized t ... | 2015 | 26074945 |
| negative regulation of aba signaling by wrky33 is critical for arabidopsis immunity towards botrytis cinerea 2100. | the arabidopsis mutant wrky33 is highly susceptible to botrytis cinerea. we identified >1680 botrytis-induced wrky33 binding sites associated with 1576 arabidopsis genes. transcriptional profiling defined 318 functional direct target genes at 14 hr post inoculation. comparative analyses revealed that wrky33 possesses dual functionality acting either as a repressor or as an activator in a promoter-context dependent manner. we confirmed known wrky33 targets involved in hormone signaling and phy ... | 2015 | 26076231 |
| a three-protein charge zipper stabilizes a complex modulating bacterial gene silencing. | the hha/ymoa nucleoid-associated proteins help selectively silence horizontally acquired genetic material, including pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance genes and their maintenance in the absence of selective pressure. members of the hha family contribute to gene silencing by binding to the n-terminal dimerization domain of h-ns and modifying its selectivity. hha-like proteins and the h-ns n-terminal domain are unusually rich in charged residues, and their interaction is mostly electrostatic ... | 2015 | 26085102 |
| taking advantage of electric field induced bacterial aggregation for the study of interactions between bacteria and macromolecules by capillary electrophoresis. | the quantification of interaction stoichiometry and binding constant between bacteria (or other microorganism) and (macro)molecules remains a challenging issue for which only a few adapted methods are available. in this paper, a new methodology was developed for the determination of the interaction stoichiometry and binding constant between bacteria and (macro)molecules. the originality of this work is to take advantage of the bacterial aggregation phenomenon to directly quantify the free ligand ... | 2015 | 26086209 |
| endophytic bacterial diversity in the phyllosphere of amazon paullinia cupana associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic anthracnose. | endophytes colonize an ecological niche similar to that of phytopathogens, which make them candidate for disease suppression. anthracnose is a disease caused by colletotrichum spp., a phytopathogen that can infect guarana (paullinia cupana), an important commercial crop in the brazilian amazon. we investigated the diversity of endophytic bacteria inhabiting the phyllosphere of asymptomatic and symptomatic anthracnose guarana plants. the pcr-denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) fi ... | 2015 | 26090305 |
| application of zinc chloride precipitation method for rapid isolation and concentration of infectious pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. lytic bacteriophages from surface water and plant and soil extracts. | this is the first report describing precipitation of bacteriophage particles with zinc chloride as a method of choice to isolate infectious lytic bacteriophages against pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. from environmental samples. the isolated bacteriophages are ready to use to study various (ecological) aspects of bacteria-bacteriophage interactions. the method comprises the well-known precipitation of phages from aqueous extracts of the test material by addition of zncl2, resuscitation of b ... | 2015 | 26099750 |
| application of zinc chloride precipitation method for rapid isolation and concentration of infectious pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. lytic bacteriophages from surface water and plant and soil extracts. | this is the first report describing precipitation of bacteriophage particles with zinc chloride as a method of choice to isolate infectious lytic bacteriophages against pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. from environmental samples. the isolated bacteriophages are ready to use to study various (ecological) aspects of bacteria-bacteriophage interactions. the method comprises the well-known precipitation of phages from aqueous extracts of the test material by addition of zncl2, resuscitation of b ... | 2015 | 26099750 |
| cytoplasmic genome types of european potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits. | various wild species germplasm has been used in european potato breeding since the first introduction of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) to europe. as the plant cytoplasmic genome including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes is transmitted only through the maternal parent, cytoplasmic markers are useful tools in breeding programs to determine cytoplasmic genome types and to trace maternal ancestors. the potato cytoplasmic genome can be distinguished into six distinct types (m, p, a, w, t, and d ... | 2015 | 26112802 |
| structural and biochemical characterization of aidc, a quorum-quenching lactonase with atypical selectivity. | quorum-quenching catalysts are of interest for potential application as biochemical tools for interrogating interbacterial communication pathways, as antibiofouling agents, and as anti-infective agents in plants and animals. herein, the structure and function of aidc, an n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (ahl) lactonase from chryseobacterium, is characterized. steady-state kinetics show that zinc-supplemented aidc is the most efficient wild-type quorum-quenching enzymes characterized to date, with a k ... | 2015 | 26115006 |
| microbial population dynamics in response to pectobacterium atrosepticum infection in potato tubers. | endophytes are microbes and fungi that live inside plant tissues without damaging the host. herein we examine the dynamic changes in the endophytic bacterial community in potato (solanum tuberosum) tuber in response to pathogenic infection by pectobacterium atrosepticum, which causes soft rot in numerous economically important crops. we quantified community changes using both cultivation and next-generation sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and found that, despite observing significant variability ... | 2015 | 26118792 |
| selection of enhanced antimicrobial activity posing lactic acid bacteria characterised by (gtg)5-pcr fingerprinting. | the aim of the study was a detail evaluation of genetic diversity among the lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains having an advantage of a starter culture in order to select genotypically diverse strains with enhanced antimicrobial effect on some harmfull and pathogenic microorganisms. antimicrobial activity of lab was performed by the agar well diffusion method and was examined against the reference strains and foodborne isolates of bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphy ... | 2014 | 26139877 |
| selection of enhanced antimicrobial activity posing lactic acid bacteria characterised by (gtg)5-pcr fingerprinting. | the aim of the study was a detail evaluation of genetic diversity among the lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains having an advantage of a starter culture in order to select genotypically diverse strains with enhanced antimicrobial effect on some harmfull and pathogenic microorganisms. antimicrobial activity of lab was performed by the agar well diffusion method and was examined against the reference strains and foodborne isolates of bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphy ... | 2014 | 26139877 |
| biofumigation on post-harvest diseases of fruits using a new volatile-producing fungus of ceratocystis fimbriata. | a variety of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by ceratocystis fimbriata have strong bioactivity against a wide range of fungi, bacteria and oomycetes. mycelial growth, conidial production, and spore germination of fungi and oomycetes were significantly inhibited after exposure to cultures of c. fimbriata, and colony formation of bacteria was also inhibited. two post-harvest diseases, peach brown rot caused by monilinia fructicola and citrus green mold caused by penicillium digitatum, w ... | 2015 | 26147922 |
| the regulatory function of lexa is temperature-dependent in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | the sos response addresses dna lesions and is conserved in the bacterial domain. the response is governed by the dna binding protein lexa, which has been characterized in model microorganisms such as escherichia coli. however, our understanding of its roles in deep-sea bacteria is limited. here, the influence of lexa on the phenotype and gene transcription of shewanella piezotolerans wp3 (wp3) was investigated by constructing a lexa deletion strain (wp3δlexa), which was compared with the wild-ty ... | 2015 | 26150814 |
| two different evolutionary lines of filamentous phages in ralstonia solanacearum: their effects on bacterial virulence. | the integration and excision of various filamentous phage genomes into and out of their host chromosomes occurs by site-specific recombination. the mechanisms proposed for these events include reactions mediated by phage-encoded recombinases and host recombination systems. site-specific integration of filamentous phages plays a vital role in a variety of biological functions of the host, such as phase variation of certain pathogenic bacterial virulence factors. the importance of these filamentou ... | 2015 | 26150828 |
| catalytic mechanisms of fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases. | mononuclear non-heme fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2og)-dependent oxygenases comprise a large family of enzymes that utilize an fe(iv)-oxo intermediate to initiate diverse oxidative transformations with important biological roles. here, four of the major types of fe(ii)/2og-dependent reactions are detailed: hydroxylation, halogenation, ring formation, and desaturation. in addition, an atypical epimerization reaction is described. studies identifying several key intermediates in catalysis are conci ... | 2015 | 26152721 |
| drosophila anti-nematode and antibacterial immune regulators revealed by rna-seq. | drosophila melanogaster activates a variety of immune responses against microbial infections. however, information on the drosophila immune response to entomopathogenic nematode infections is currently limited. the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora is an insect parasite that forms a mutualistic relationship with the gram-negative bacteria photorhabdus luminescens. following infection, the nematodes release the bacteria that quickly multiply within the insect and produce several toxins that ... | 2015 | 26162375 |
| oxylipins in moss development and defense. | oxylipins are oxygenated fatty acids that participate in plant development and defense against pathogen infection, insects, and wounding. initial oxygenation of substrate fatty acids is mainly catalyzed by lipoxygenases (loxs) and α-dioxygenases but can also take place non-enzymatically by autoxidation or singlet oxygen-dependent reactions. the resulting hydroperoxides are further metabolized by secondary enzymes to produce a large variety of compounds, including the hormone jasmonic acid (ja) a ... | 2015 | 26191067 |
| tsv-n1: a novel dna algal virus that infects tetraselmis striata. | numbering in excess of 10 million per milliliter of water, it is now undisputed that aquatic viruses are one of the major factors shaping the ecology and evolution of earth's microbial world. nonetheless, environmental viral diversity and roles remain poorly understood. here we report the first thorough characterization of a virus (designated tsv) that infects the coastal marine microalga tetraselmis striata. unlike previously known microalgae-infecting viruses, tsv is a small (60 nm) dna virus, ... | 2015 | 26193304 |
| l-asparaginase from streptomyces griseus niot-vkma29: optimization of process variables using factorial designs and molecular characterization of l-asparaginase gene. | marine actinobacteria are known to be a rich source for novel metabolites with diverse biological activities. in this study, a potential extracellular l-asparaginase was characterised from the streptomyces griseus niot-vkma29. box-behnken based optimization was used to determine the culture medium components to enhance the l-asparaginase production. ph, starch, yeast extract and l-asparagine has a direct correlation for enzyme production with a maximum yield of 56.78 iu ml(-1). a verification ex ... | 2015 | 26206135 |
| pseudomonas syringae effector avirulence protein e localizes to the host plasma membrane and down-regulates the expression of the nonrace-specific disease resistance1/harpin-induced1-like13 gene required for antibacterial immunity in arabidopsis. | many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals deliver effector proteins into host cells to promote infection. elucidation of how pathogen effector proteins function not only is critical for understanding bacterial pathogenesis but also provides a useful tool in discovering the functions of host genes. in this study, we characterized the pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 effector protein avirulence protein e (avre), the founding member of a widely distributed, yet functionally enigmatic, bac ... | 2015 | 26206852 |
| a single-step purification of cauliflower lysozyme and its dual role against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. | a novel lysozyme from cauliflower was purified in a single step, for the first time, using sephadex g100 column chromatography. the purified lysozyme exhibited a homogenized single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and its molecular mass was calculated to be 22.0 kda. the purified lysozyme showed activity between 30 to 60 °c with 40 °c as the optimum temperature for its maximal activity. although the purified lysozyme was functional at ph ranges betwee ... | 2015 | 26208688 |
| novel glucose-1-phosphatase with high phytase activity and unusual metal ion activation from soil bacterium pantoea sp. strain 3.5.1. | phosphorus is an important macronutrient, but its availability in soil is limited. many soil microorganisms improve the bioavailability of phosphate by releasing it from various organic compounds, including phytate. to investigate the diversity of phytate-hydrolyzing bacteria in soil, we sampled soils of various ecological habitats, including forest, private homesteads, large agricultural complexes, and urban landscapes. bacterial isolate pantoea sp. strain 3.5.1 with the highest level of phytas ... | 2015 | 26209662 |
| genetic, molecular and physiological basis of variation in drosophila gut immunocompetence. | gut immunocompetence involves immune, stress and regenerative processes. to investigate the determinants underlying inter-individual variation in gut immunocompetence, we perform enteric infection of 140 drosophila lines with the entomopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas entomophila and observe extensive variation in survival. using genome-wide association analysis, we identify several novel immune modulators. transcriptional profiling further shows that the intestinal molecular state differs betwe ... | 2015 | 26213329 |
| [bacterial recombinant l-asparaginases: properties, structure and anti-proliferative activity]. | for more than 40 years l-asparaginases are used in combined therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and the range of tumors sensitive to these enzymes constantly extends. this review summarizes results of studies aimed at creation of new systems for heterological expression of bacterial l-asparaginases as erwinia carotovora (ewa), helicobacter pylori (hpa), yersinia pseudotuberculosis (ypa) and rhodospirillum rubrum (rra); special attention is paid to isolation of purified enzymes an ... | 2015 | 26215408 |
| rare events of intragenus and intraspecies horizontal transfer of the 16s rrna gene. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) of operational genes has been widely reported in prokaryotic organisms. however, informational genes such as those involved in transcription and translation processes are very difficult to be horizontally transferred, as described by woese's complexity hypothesis. here, we analyzed all of the completed prokaryotic genome sequences (2,143 genomes) in the ncbi (national center for biotechnology information) database, scanned for genomes with high intragenomic heterog ... | 2015 | 26220935 |
| characterization of dickeya and pectobacterium species by capillary electrophoretic techniques and maldi-tof ms. | dickeya and pectobacterium species represent an important group of broad-host-range phytopathogens responsible for blackleg and soft rot diseases on numerous plants including many economically important plants. although these species are commonly detected using cultural, serological, and molecular methods, these methods are sometimes insufficient to classify the bacteria correctly. on that account, this study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of three individual analytical techniques ... | 2015 | 26229029 |
| comparative secretomics reveals novel virulence-associated factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of serious human seafood-borne gastroenteritis disease and even death. in this study, for the first time, we obtained the secretomic profiles of seven v. parahaemolyticus strains of clinical and food origins. the strains exhibited various toxic genotypes and phenotypes of antimicrobial susceptibility and heavy metal resistance, five of which were isolated from aquatic products in shanghai, china. fourteen common extracellular proteins were identified ... | 2015 | 26236293 |
| bacterial secretion of soluble and functional trivalent scfv-based n-terminal trimerbodies. | recombinant antibodies are used with great success in many different diagnostic and therapeutic applications. a variety of protein expression systems are available, but nowadays almost all therapeutic antibodies are produced in mammalian cell lines due to their complex structure and glycosylation requirements. however, production of clinical-grade antibodies in mammalian cells is very expensive and time-consuming. on the other hand, escherichia coli (e. coli) is known to be the simplest, fastest ... | 2015 | 26239030 |
| consecutive radical s-adenosylmethionine methylations form the ethyl side chain in thienamycin biosynthesis. | despite their broad anti-infective utility, the biosynthesis of the paradigm carbapenem antibiotic, thienamycin, remains largely unknown. apart from the first two steps shared with a simple carbapenem, the pathway sharply diverges to the more structurally complex members of this class of β-lactam antibiotics, such as thienamycin. existing evidence points to three putative cobalamin-dependent radical s-adenosylmethionine (rs) enzymes, thnk, thnl, and thnp, as potentially being responsible for ass ... | 2015 | 26240322 |
| the role of the phylogenetically conserved cochaperone protein droj2/dnaja3 in nf-κb signaling. | the nf-κb pathway is a phylogenetically conserved signaling pathway with a central role in inflammatory and immune responses. here we demonstrate that a cochaperone protein, droj2/dnaja3, is involved in the activation of canonical nf-κb signaling in flies and in human cultured cells. overexpression of droj2 induced the expression of an antimicrobial peptide in drosophila. conversely, droj2 knockdown resulted in reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides and higher susceptibility to gram-negati ... | 2015 | 26245905 |
| draft genome sequence for icmp 5702, the type strain of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum that causes soft rot disease on potato. | pectobacterium species are economically important bacteria that cause soft rotting of potato tubers in the field and in storage. here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain for p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, icmp 5702 (atcc 15713). the genome sequence of icmp 5702 will provide an important reference for future phylogenomic and taxonomic studies of the phytopathogenic enterobacteriaceae. | 2015 | 26251498 |
| role of small colony variants in persistence of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis lungs. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that predominates during the later stages of cystic fibrosis (cf) lung infections. over many years of chronic lung colonization, p. aeruginosa undergoes extensive adaptation to the lung environment, evolving both toward a persistent, low virulence state and simultaneously diversifying to produce a number of phenotypically distinct morphs. these lung-adapted p. aeruginosa strains include the small colony variants (scvs), small, autoaggregative i ... | 2015 | 26251621 |
| coq6 is responsible for the c4-deamination reaction in coenzyme q biosynthesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to use para-aminobenzoic acid (paba) in addition to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as a precursor of coenzyme q, a redox lipid essential to the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. the biosynthesis of coenzyme q from paba requires a deamination reaction at position c4 of the benzene ring to substitute the amino group with an hydroxyl group. we show here that the fad-dependent monooxygenase coq6, which is known to hydroxylate position c5, also deamina ... | 2015 | 26260787 |
| the sound of silence: activating silent biosynthetic gene clusters in marine microorganisms. | unlocking the rich harvest of marine microbial ecosystems has the potential to both safeguard the existence of our species for the future, while also presenting significant lifestyle benefits for commercial gain. however, while significant advances have been made in the field of marine biodiscovery, leading to the introduction of new classes of therapeutics for clinical medicine, cosmetics and industrial products, much of what this natural ecosystem has to offer is locked in, and essentially hid ... | 2015 | 26264003 |
| plant pathogenic microbial communication affected by elevated temperature in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria regulate specific gene expression in a population density-dependent manner by sensing level of acyl-homoserine lactone (hsl) molecules which they produce and liberate to the environment, called quorum sensing (qs). the production of virulence factors (extracellular enzyme viz. cellulase, pectinase, etc.) in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) is under strong regulation of qs. the qs signal molecule, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (o ... | 2015 | 26271295 |
| small rna-based feedforward loop with and-gate logic regulates extrachromosomal dna transfer in salmonella. | horizontal gene transfer via plasmid conjugation is a major driving force in microbial evolution but constitutes a complex process that requires synchronization with the physiological state of the host bacteria. although several host transcription factors are known to regulate plasmid-borne transfer genes, rna-based regulatory circuits for host-plasmid communication remain unknown. we describe a posttranscriptional mechanism whereby the hfq-dependent small rna, rpra, inhibits transfer of pslt, t ... | 2015 | 26307765 |
| antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), dickeya solani (dsol), pectobacterium atrosepticum (pba), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ... | 2015 | 26307771 |
| characterization of the bacterial community naturally present on commercially grown basil leaves: evaluation of sample preparation prior to culture-independent techniques. | fresh herbs such as basil constitute an important food commodity worldwide. basil provides considerable culinary and health benefits, but has also been implicated in foodborne illnesses. the naturally occurring bacterial community on basil leaves is currently unknown, so the epiphytic bacterial community was investigated using the culture-independent techniques denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and next-generation sequencing (ngs). sample preparation had a major influence on the res ... | 2015 | 26308033 |
| polymorphism of crispr shows separated natural groupings of shigella subtypes and evidence of horizontal transfer of crispr. | clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr) act as an adaptive rna-mediated immune mechanism in bacteria. they can also be used for identification and evolutionary studies based on polymorphisms within the crispr locus. we amplified and analyzed 6 crispr loci from 237 shigella strains belonging to the 4 species groups, as well as 13 escherichia coli strains. the crispr-associated (cas) gene sequence arrays of these strains were screened and compared. the crispr sequences ... | 2015 | 26327282 |
| new insights into the role of t3 loop in determining catalytic efficiency of gh28 endo-polygalacturonases. | intramolecular mobility and conformational changes of flexible loops have important roles in the structural and functional integrity of proteins. the achaetomium sp. xz8 endo-polygalacturonase (pg8fn) of glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 28 is distinguished for its high catalytic activity (28,000 u/mg). structure modeling indicated that pg8fn has a flexible t3 loop that folds partly above the substrate in the active site, and forms a hydrogen bond to the substrate by a highly conserved residue asn ... | 2015 | 26327390 |
| complete genome sequencing of pandoraea pnomenusa rb38 and molecular characterization of its n-acyl homoserine lactone synthase gene ppni. | in this study, we sequenced the genome of pandoraea pnomenusa rb38 using pacific biosciences rsii (pacbio) single molecule real time (smrt) sequencing technology. a pair of cognate luxi/r homologs was identified where the luxi homolog, ppni, was found adjacent to a luxr homolog, ppnr1. an additional orphan luxr homolog, ppnr2, was also discovered. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ppni is an n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) synthase gene that is distinct from tho ... | 2015 | 26336650 |
| molecular insights into cold active polygalacturonase enzyme for its potential application in food processing. | pectin is a complex structural heteropolysaccharide that require numerous pectinolytic enzymes for its complete degradation. polygalacturonase from mesophilic or thermophilic origin are being widely used in fruit and vegetable processing in the recent decades to degrade pectic substances. recently cold active pectinases are finding added advantages over meso and thermophilic counterparts, to use in industrial scale particularly in food processing industry. they facilitate in conservation of seve ... | 2014 | 26344963 |
| molecular insights into cold active polygalacturonase enzyme for its potential application in food processing. | pectin is a complex structural heteropolysaccharide that require numerous pectinolytic enzymes for its complete degradation. polygalacturonase from mesophilic or thermophilic origin are being widely used in fruit and vegetable processing in the recent decades to degrade pectic substances. recently cold active pectinases are finding added advantages over meso and thermophilic counterparts, to use in industrial scale particularly in food processing industry. they facilitate in conservation of seve ... | 2014 | 26344963 |
| [peg-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of erwinia carotovora recombinant l-asparaginase]. | a new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora (ewa), a promising antitumor agent. new branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (peg) molecules, designated as peg-chitosan, have been synthesized. peg-chitosan copolymers were further conjugated with ewa. in order to optimize the catalytic properties of ... | 2015 | 26350739 |
| genome analysis of quorum sensing cedecea neteri ssmd04 leads to identification of its novel signaling synthase (cnei), cognate receptor (cner) and an orphan receptor. | cedecea neteri is a very rare human pathogen. we have isolated a strain of c. neteri ssmd04 from pickled mackerel sashimi identified using molecular and phenotypics approaches. using the biosensor chromobacterium violaceum cv026, we have demonstrated the presence of short chain n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) type quorum sensing (qs) activity in c. neteri ssmd04. triple quadrupole lc/ms analysis revealed that c. neteri ssmd04 produced short chain n-butyryl-homoserine lactone (c4-hsl). with the a ... | 2015 | 26355540 |
| plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria stimulate vegetative growth and asexual reproduction of kalanchoe daigremontiana. | certain bacterial species associate with plant roots in soil. the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) stimulate plant growth and yield in greenhouse and field. here, we examined whether application of known bacilli pgpr strains stimulated growth and asexual reproduction in the succulent plant kalanchoe daigremontiana. four pgpr strains b. amyloliquefaciens in937a, b. cereus bs107, b. pumilus inr7, and b. subtilis gb03 were applied to young plantlets by soil-drenching, and plant growth an ... | 2015 | 26361480 |
| cloning and expression of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase from oyster hepatopancreas†. | we have previously reported that oyster hepatopancreas contained three unusual α-ketoside hydrolases: (i) a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase (α-kdo-ase), (ii) a 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase and (iii) a bifunctional ketoside hydrolase capable of cleaving both the α-ketosides of kdn and neu5ac (kdn-sialidase). after completing the purification of kdn-sialidase, we proceeded to clone the gene encoding this enzyme. unexpectedly, we foun ... | 2015 | 26362869 |
| characterization of the bacterioferritin/bacterioferritin associated ferredoxin protein-protein interaction in solution and determination of binding energy hot spots. | mobilization of iron stored in the interior cavity of bfrb requires electron transfer from the [2fe−2s] cluster in bfd to the core iron in bfrb. a crystal structure of the pseudomonas aeruginosa bfrb:bfd complex revealed that bfrb can bind up to 12 bfd molecules at 12 structurally identical binding sites, placing the [2fe−2s] cluster of each bfd immediately above a heme group in bfrb [yao, h., et al. (2012) j. am. chem. soc., 134, 13470−13481]. we report here study aimed at characterizing the st ... | 2015 | 26368531 |
| interference of quorum sensing by delftia sp. vm4 depends on the activity of a novel n-acylhomoserine lactone-acylase. | turf soil bacterial isolate delftia sp. vm4 can degrade exogenous n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl), hence it effectively attenuates the virulence of bacterial soft rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain br1 (pcc br1) as a consequence of quorum sensing inhibition. | 2015 | 26384328 |
| physcomitrella patens activates defense responses against the pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | the moss physcomitrella patens is a suitable model plant to analyze the activation of defense mechanisms after pathogen assault. in this study, we show that colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from symptomatic citrus fruit infects p. patens and cause disease symptoms evidenced by browning and maceration of tissues. after c. gloeosporioides infection, p. patens reinforces the cell wall by the incorporation of phenolic compounds and induces the expression of a dirigent-protein-like encoding ge ... | 2015 | 26389888 |
| genome-wide identification of the invertase gene family in populus. | invertase plays a crucial role in carbohydrate partitioning and plant development as it catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. the invertase family in plants is composed of two sub-families: acid invertases, which are targeted to the cell wall and vacuole; and neutral/alkaline invertases, which function in the cytosol. in this study, 5 cell wall invertase genes (ptcwinv1-5), 3 vacuolar invertase genes (ptvinv1-3) and 16 neutral/alkaline invertase genes (ptnin ... | 2015 | 26393355 |
| planting increases the abundance and structure complexity of soil core functional genes relevant to carbon and nitrogen cycling. | plants have an important impact on soil microbial communities and their functions. however, how plants determine the microbial composition and network interactions is still poorly understood. during a four-year field experiment, we investigated the functional gene composition of three types of soils (phaeozem, cambisols and acrisol) under maize planting and bare fallow regimes located in cold temperate, warm temperate and subtropical regions, respectively. the core genes were identified using hi ... | 2015 | 26396042 |
| diverse mechanisms of post-transcriptional repression by the small rna regulator of glucose-phosphate stress. | the escherichia coli small rna sgrs controls a metabolic stress response that occurs upon accumulation of certain glycolytic intermediates. sgrs base pairs with and represses translation of ptsg and manxyz mrnas, which encode sugar transporters, and activates translation of yigl mrna, encoding a sugar phosphatase. this study defines four new genes as direct targets of e. coli sgrs. these new targets, asd, adiy, fole and purr, encode transcription factors or enzymes of diverse metabolic pathways, ... | 2015 | 26411266 |
| diverse mechanisms of post-transcriptional repression by the small rna regulator of glucose-phosphate stress. | the escherichia coli small rna sgrs controls a metabolic stress response that occurs upon accumulation of certain glycolytic intermediates. sgrs base pairs with and represses translation of ptsg and manxyz mrnas, which encode sugar transporters, and activates translation of yigl mrna, encoding a sugar phosphatase. this study defines four new genes as direct targets of e. coli sgrs. these new targets, asd, adiy, fole and purr, encode transcription factors or enzymes of diverse metabolic pathways, ... | 2015 | 26411266 |
| different ancestries of r tailocins in rhizospheric pseudomonas isolates. | bacterial genomes accommodate a variety of mobile genetic elements, including bacteriophage-related clusters that encode phage tail-like protein complexes playing a role in interactions with eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. such tailocins are unable to replicate inside target cells due to the lack of a phage head with associated dna. a subset of tailocins mediate antagonistic activities with bacteriocin-like specificity. functional characterization of bactericidal tailocins of two pseudomonas pu ... | 2015 | 26412856 |
| purification and characterization of asparaginase from phaseolus vulgaris seeds. | l-asparaginase from bacteria has been used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. the aim of this study was to purify and characterize l-asparaginase from phaseolus vulgaris seeds instead of microbial sources. l-asparaginase was purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme has molecular mass of 79 kda. the purified asparaginase had very low activity toward a number of asparagine and glutamine analogues. l-asparaginase was free from glutaminase activity. kinetic parameters, km and vmax of ... | 2015 | 26413120 |
| qsebc, a two-component bacterial adrenergic receptor and global regulator of virulence in enterobacteriaceae and pasteurellaceae. | the qsebc two-component system (tcs) is associated with quorum sensing and functions as a global regulator of virulence. based on sequence similarity within the sensor domain and conservation of an acidic motif essential for signal recognition, qsebc is primarily distributed in the enterobacteriaceae and pasteurellaceae. in escherichia coli, qsec responds to autoinducer-3 and/or epinephrine/norepinephrine. binding of epinephrine/norepinephrine is inhibited by adrenergic antagonists; hence qsec f ... | 2015 | 26426681 |
| qsebc, a two-component bacterial adrenergic receptor and global regulator of virulence in enterobacteriaceae and pasteurellaceae. | the qsebc two-component system (tcs) is associated with quorum sensing and functions as a global regulator of virulence. based on sequence similarity within the sensor domain and conservation of an acidic motif essential for signal recognition, qsebc is primarily distributed in the enterobacteriaceae and pasteurellaceae. in escherichia coli, qsec responds to autoinducer-3 and/or epinephrine/norepinephrine. binding of epinephrine/norepinephrine is inhibited by adrenergic antagonists; hence qsec f ... | 2015 | 26426681 |
| construction of specific primers for rapid detection of south african exportable vegetable macergens. | macergens are bacteria causing great damages to the parenchymatous tissues of vegetable both on the field and in transit. to effectively and rapidly investigate the diversity and distribution of these macergens, four specific primers were designed by retrieving 16s rdna sequences of pectolytic bacteria from genbank through the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). these were aligned using clusterw via bioedit and primers were designed using primer3plus platform. the size and prim ... | 2015 | 26437427 |
| drosophila innate immunity: regional and functional specialization of prophenoloxidases. | the diversification of immune systems during evolution involves the expansion of particular gene families in given phyla. a better understanding of the metazoan immune system requires an analysis of the logic underlying such immune gene amplification. this analysis is now within reach due to the ease with which we can generate multiple mutations in an organism. in this paper, we analyze the contribution of the three drosophila prophenoloxidases (ppos) to host defense by generating single, double ... | 2015 | 26437768 |
| pathogen virulence impedes mutualist-mediated enhancement of host juvenile growth via inhibition of protein digestion. | the microbial environment impacts many aspects of metazoan physiology through largely undefined molecular mechanisms. the commensal strain lactobacillus plantarum(wjl) (lp(wjl)) sustains drosophila hormonal signals that coordinate systemic growth and maturation of the fly. here we examine the underlying mechanisms driving these processes and show that lp(wjl) promotes intestinal peptidase expression, leading to increased intestinal proteolytic activity, enhanced dietary protein digestion, and in ... | 2015 | 26439865 |
| the engineered chloroplast genome just got smarter. | chloroplasts are known to sustain life on earth by providing food, fuel, and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. however, the chloroplast genome has also been smartly engineered to confer valuable agronomic traits and/or serve as bioreactors for the production of industrial enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, bioproducts, or vaccines. the recent breakthrough in hyperexpression of biopharmaceuticals in edible leaves has facilitated progression to clinical studies by major pharmaceutical compan ... | 2015 | 26440432 |
| high yield expression of novel glutaminase free l-asparaginase ii of pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428 in bacillus subtilis wb800n. | gene encoding glutaminase-free l-asparaginase ii (ans b2) from pectobacterium carotovorum mtcc 1428 was cloned into pht43, transformed in bacillus subtilis wb800n and optimised the expression levels of recombinant enzyme. a three-fold higher enzyme production was observed with an efficient transformant as compared to native strain. enzyme localization studies revealed that >90% of recombinant enzyme is secreted extracellularly, a little fraction is attached to the membrane (>6%) and localised in ... | 2015 | 26440965 |
| flow cytometric evaluation of physico-chemical impact on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | since heat sensitivity of fruits and vegetables limits the application of thermal inactivation processes, new emerging inactivation technologies have to be established to fulfill the requirements of food safety without affecting the produce quality. the efficiency of inactivation treatments has to be ensured and monitored. monitoring of inactivation effects is commonly performed using traditional cultivation methods which have the disadvantage of the time span needed to obtain results. the aim o ... | 2015 | 26441874 |
| efficient recombinant production of prodigiosin in pseudomonas putida. | serratia marcescens and several other bacteria produce the red-colored pigment prodigiosin which possesses bioactivities as an antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunosuppressive agent. therefore, there is a great interest to produce this natural compound. efforts aiming at its biotechnological production have so far largely focused on the original producer and opportunistic human pathogen s. marcescens. here, we demonstrate efficient prodigiosin production in the heterologous host pseudomonas puti ... | 2015 | 26441905 |
| plant and pathogen nutrient acquisition strategies. | nutrients are indispensable elements required for the growth of all living organisms including plants and pathogens. phyllosphere, rhizosphere, apoplast, phloem, xylem, and cell organelles are the nutrient niches in plants that are the target of bacterial pathogens. depending upon nutrients availability, the pathogen adapts various acquisition strategies and inhabits the specific niche. in this review, we discuss the nutrient composition of different niches in plants, the mechanisms involved in ... | 2015 | 26442063 |
| enhanced tomato disease resistance primed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. | roots of most terrestrial plants form symbiotic associations (mycorrhiza) with soil- borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). many studies show that mycorrhizal colonization enhances plant resistance against pathogenic fungi. however, the mechanism of mycorrhiza-induced disease resistance remains equivocal. in this study, we found that mycorrhizal inoculation with amf funneliformis mosseae significantly alleviated tomato (solanum lycopersicum mill.) early blight disease caused by alternaria sol ... | 2015 | 26442091 |
| my life with mu. | 2015 | 26442190 | |
| biosynthesis of proline. | proline was among the last biosynthetic precursors to have its biosynthetic pathway unraveled. this review recapitulates the findings on the biosynthesis and transport of proline. glutamyl kinase (gk) catalyzes the atp-dependent phosphorylation of l-glutamic acid. purification of γ-gk from escherichia coli was facilitated by the expression of the prob and proa genes from a high-copy-number plasmid and the development of a specific coupled assay based on the nadph-dependent reduction of gp by γ-g ... | 2007 | 26443591 |
| midgut immune responses induced by bacterial infection in the silkworm, bombyx mori. | insect gut epithelial cells produce reactive oxygen species (ros) and antimicrobial peptides (amps) to protect hosts from pathogenic microorganisms. in this study, we evaluate the pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus bombysepticus in the silkworm, bombyx mori. survival curves show that b. bombysepticus is deadly when larval silkworms are infected orally. bacterial infection caused intestinal hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and nitric oxide (no) levels to increase significantly by 8 and ... | 2015 | 26465135 |
| the trans-kingdom identification of negative regulators of pathogen hypervirulence. | modern society and global ecosystems are increasingly under threat from pathogens, which cause a plethora of human, animal, invertebrate and plant diseases. of increasing concern is the trans-kingdom tendency for increased pathogen virulence that is beginning to emerge in natural, clinical and agricultural settings. the study of pathogenicity has revealed multiple examples of convergently evolved virulence mechanisms. originally described as rare, but increasingly common, are interactions where ... | 2015 | 26468211 |
| the trans-kingdom identification of negative regulators of pathogen hypervirulence. | modern society and global ecosystems are increasingly under threat from pathogens, which cause a plethora of human, animal, invertebrate and plant diseases. of increasing concern is the trans-kingdom tendency for increased pathogen virulence that is beginning to emerge in natural, clinical and agricultural settings. the study of pathogenicity has revealed multiple examples of convergently evolved virulence mechanisms. originally described as rare, but increasingly common, are interactions where ... | 2015 | 26468211 |
| the trk potassium transporter is required for rsmb-mediated activation of virulence in the phytopathogen pectobacterium wasabiae. | pectobacterium wasabiae (previously known as erwinia carotovora) is an important plant pathogen that regulates the production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes through an n-acyl homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing system and through the gacs/gaca two-component system (also known as exps/expa). at high cell density, activation of gacs/gaca induces the expression of rsmb, a noncoding rna that is essential for the activation of virulence in this bacterium. a genetic screen to identify regula ... | 2015 | 26483524 |