Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| susceptibilities to levofloxacin in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates from children: results from 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 trust studies in the united states. | among respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae from children, resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt) increases on an annual basis. pediatric patients who do not respond to conventional therapy for respiratory tract infections someday may be treated with fluoroquinolones. in this study, mics of beta-lactams, azithromycin, sxt, and levofloxacin were determined and interpreted by using nccls guidelines for isolates of s. pneumoni ... | 2003 | 12760850 |
| antimicrobial resistance in haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis respiratory tract isolates: results of the canadian respiratory organism susceptibility study, 1997 to 2002. | a total of 7,566 unique patient isolates of haemophilus influenzae and 2,314 unique patient isolates of moraxella catarrhalis were collected between october 1997 and june 2002 from 25 medical centers in 9 of the 10 canadian provinces. among the 7,566 h. influenzae isolates, 22.5% produced beta-lactamase, while 92.4% of the 2,314 m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. the incidence of beta-lactamase-producing h. influenzae isolates decreased significantly over the 5-year study period, f ... | 2003 | 12760861 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| emergence of resistance in normal human aerobic commensal flora during telithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatments. | mean fecal global yeast counts increased similarly during 7 days of treatment with telithromycin (800 mg once daily) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) (1 g of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid 3 times daily) in human volunteers and decreased slowly thereafter. on skin, coagulase-negative staphylococci of decreased susceptibility (ds) to telithromycin increased in the telithromycin group, whereas those with ds to methicillin increased in the amoxiclav group. a similar antibiotic- ... | 2003 | 12760893 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2002 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2003 | 12760901 | |
| the immunoglobulin d-binding protein mid from moraxella catarrhalis is also an adhesin. | the moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is a 200-kda outer membrane protein displaying a unique and specific affinity for human igd. mid is found in the majority of m. catarrhalis strains. in the present paper, we show that mid-expressing m. catarrhalis strains agglutinate human erythrocytes and bind to type ii alveolar epithelial cells. in contrast, m. catarrhalis isolates with low mid expression levels and two mutants deficient in mid, but with readily detectable ... | 2003 | 12761112 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae gene expression induced in vivo in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | the gram-negative bacterium nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the predominant pathogen in chronic otitis media with effusion and, with streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, is a causative agent of acute otitis media. to identify potential virulence determinants, bacterial gene expression was monitored by differential fluorescence induction during early disease progression in one specific anatomical niche of a chinchilla model of nthi-induced otitis media. genomic dna fra ... | 2003 | 12761130 |
| s-carboxymethylcysteine inhibits the attachment of streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | streptococcus pneumoniae causes respiratory and other invasive infections. increased resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics necessitates new approaches to the treatment of infections. attachment of bacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection and s-carboxymethylcysteine (s-cmc) can modulate the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis and nontypable haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells. unlike these two, s. pneumoniae is gram-positive a ... | 2003 | 12782478 |
| amoxicillin-sulbactam: a clinical and therapeutic review. | combinations of beta-lactamase inhibitors with penicillins, especially aminopenicillins, have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most of the common pathogens of the respiratory and urinary tracts. this means that they are an ideal treatment for infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, special cases of pharyngeal tonsillitis (recurring forms, indirect pathogenic action, or after the failure of amoxicillin monotherapy), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, cystitis, urethritis, ... | 2001 | 12783093 |
| the future prospects of oxazolidinones. | the high rates of antimicrobial resistance seen among many gram-positive pathogens means that there is an ongoing need for new antibacterial drugs. currently, several pharmaceutical companies are investigating compounds belonging to a new class of anti-gram-positive agents, the oxazolidinones, one member of which, linezolid, is licensed for clinical use. interest in oxazolidinones is being stimulated by the results of recent trials demonstrating the excellent clinical efficacy of linezolid in a ... | 2003 | 12789613 |
| the in vitro effects of faropenem on lower respiratory tract pathogens isolated in the united kingdom. | faropenem is a new oral penem with a structure different from current beta-lactams including carbapenems. the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to faropenem, a macrolide, a beta-lactam, a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination and two fluoroquinolones was investigated. s. pneumoniae was the most susceptible of the three species to faropenem. the mic(90)s of faropenem against m. catarrhalis and h. influenzae were 0.5 and 1 mg/l, ... | 2003 | 12791474 |
| bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of high dose amoxicillin for therapy of acute otitis media in children. | high dose (70 to 90 mg/kg/day) amoxicillin is recommended as first line therapy of acute otitis media (aom) in geographic areas where drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent. information on the bacteriologic efficacy of high dose amoxicillin treatment for aom is limited. | 2003 | 12792379 |
| can acute otitis media caused by haemophilus influenzae be distinguished from that caused by streptococcus pneumoniae? | previous limited data suggest that acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae can present as a more severe disease than that caused by haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis, as expressed by both tympanic membrane and systemic findings. | 2003 | 12799507 |
| sentry antimicrobial surveillance program asia-pacific region and south africa. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program was initiated in january 1997 and was designed to monitor the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance for both nosocomial and community-acquired infections globally by using validated, reference-quality identification and susceptibility testing methods performed in a central laboratory. consecutive bacterial or fungal isolates, deemed clinically significant by local criteria, are forwarded to the local reference laboratory from various stu ... | 2003 | 12807276 |
| antibacterial resistance of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens recovered from patients in latin america: results from the protekt surveillance study (1999-2000). | protekt (prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin) is a global surveillance study established in 1999 to monitor antibacterial resistance of respiratory tract organisms. thirteen centers from argentina, brazil and mexico participated during 1999-2000; they collected 1806 isolates (streptococcus pneumoniae 518, haemophilus influenzae 520, moraxella catarrhalis 140, staphylococcus aureus 351, s. pyogenes 277). overall, 218 (42.1%) of the s. pneumoniae ... | 2003 | 12807691 |
| molecular analysis of transport and oligomerization of the yersinia enterocolitica adhesin yada. | the yersinia adhesin yada is the prototype of a novel class of bacterial adhesins which form oligomeric lollipop-like structures and are anchored in the outer membrane by the c terminus. for yada, six different regions (r) or domains (d) are predicted from the amino acid sequence: the n-terminal leader sequence, head-d, neck-d, stalk-d, linking-r, and a c-terminal transmembrane region consisting of four beta-strands. to identify structural and functional features of these domains, we performed i ... | 2003 | 12813066 |
| telithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a pooled analysis. | the efficacy of telithromycin has been assessed in six phase iii studies involving adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (cap) with a degree of severity compatible with oral therapy. patients received telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 7-10 days in three open-label studies (n=870) and three randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled studies (n=503). comparator antibacterials were amoxicillin 1000 mg three-times daily, clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and trovafloxacin ... | 2003 | 12814146 |
| [invasive infection with moraxella catarrhalis in two children with lymphatic leukemia and granulocytopenia]. | in two young children with leukaemia, a girl and a boy aged 5 and 4 years, respectively, an invasive infection due to moraxella catarrhalis was diagnosed at the time of granulocytopenia. they were treated with antibiotics. the first child developed pneumonia and recovered, the other developed severe septic shock and died. m. catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus, frequently colonising the upper respiratory tract in young children. in childhood this pathogen mainly causes infections such as ... | 2003 | 12822523 |
| the emulsiv filter removes microbial contamination from propofol but is not a substitute for aseptic technique. | to evaluate the ability of the emulsiv filter (ef) to remove extrinsic microbial contaminants from propofol. | 2003 | 12826543 |
| oral antibiotics with early hospital discharge compared with in-patient intravenous antibiotics for low-risk febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer: a prospective randomised controlled single centre study. | neutropenic sepsis remains a potentially life-threatening complication of anticancer chemotherapy. however, it is possible to identify patients who are at low risk for serious complications and for whom less-intensive, more-convenient treatment may be appropriate. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral antibiotics in conjunction with early hospital discharge in comparison with standard in-patient intravenous antibiotics in patients with low-risk neutropenic fever. in ... | 2003 | 12838298 |
| implications for antimicrobial prescribing of strategies based on bacterial eradication. | antimicrobial prescribing in respiratory tract infection is generally empirical. agents that do not eradicate the key bacterial respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) provide suboptimal therapy. a recent paper developed by a multidisciplinary, multinational group presented a consensus on the principles that should underpin appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. in summary, in order to ensure clinical success and minimize the threat of ... | 2003 | 12839705 |
| tsukamurella conjunctivitis: a novel clinical syndrome. | in this report, we describe the first three cases of tsukamurella conjunctivitis in the literature. all three patients presented with congestion of one eye with small amounts of serous discharge for 1 to 2 days. all three recovered after 10 days of treatment with polymyxin b-neomycin or chloramphenicol eyedrops. sequencing of the 16s rrna genes of the three isolates recovered from the serous discharge of the three patients showed that they were all tsukamurella species. the phenotypic characteri ... | 2003 | 12843095 |
| detection of helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa of patients with gastroduodenal diseases by pcr-restriction analysis using the rna polymerase gene (rpob). | a novel pcr restriction analysis method using the rna polymerase beta-subunit- coding gene (rpob) was employed to both detect and identify helicobacter pylori in biopsy specimens and culture isolates. the rpob dnas (458 bp) were specifically amplified by pcr with the helicobacter-specific primers (hf and hr). based on the determined rpob sequences of the culture isolates, an h. pylori-specific restriction site, tru9i, was found. h. pylori can be identified by observing two discernible dna fragme ... | 2003 | 12843100 |
| systemic inflammatory responses in children with acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae and the impact of treatment with clarithromycin. | this pilot study was designed to determine the serum cytokine profile of acute otitis media (aom) due to streptococcus pneumoniae and the impact of clarithromycin (abbott laboratories, inc). serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), il-6, and il-8 were measured at diagnosis and 3 to 5 days after start of antibiotic treatment in 10 patients (mean age, 18.3 +/- 13.9 months) who had middle ear fluid culture positive for s. pneumoniae. the mean concentr ... | 2003 | 12853412 |
| a prospective study of infections in lung cancer patients admitted to the hospital. | to determine the type of infections occurring in hospitalized patients with lung cancer. | 2003 | 12853512 |
| bacterial lactoferrin-binding protein a binds to both domains of the human lactoferrin c-lobe. | pathogenic bacteria in the family neisseriaceae express surface receptors to acquire iron from the mammalian iron-binding proteins. transferrins and lactoferrins constitute a family of iron-binding proteins highly related in both sequence and structure, yet the bacterial receptors are able to distinguish between these proteins and uphold a strict binding specificity. in order to understand the molecular basis for this specificity, the interaction between human lactoferrin (hlf) and the lactoferr ... | 2003 | 12855724 |
| lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the aetiology and antibiotic-resistance patterns of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in 1999 and compare it with data from 1995 and 1988. | 2003 | 12856747 |
| bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis and normal maxillary sinuses: using culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | although many investigations have been performed on bacteriology of chronic sinusitis and normal sinuses, there still is much discussion. also a new bacterial agent, alloiococcus otitidis determined in the nasopharynx and middle ear specimens can be thought as a causative agent of sinusitis. | 2003 | 12862402 |
| the alexander project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. | the alexander project is a continuing surveillance study, begun in 1992, examining the susceptibility of pathogens involved in adult community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) to a range of antimicrobial agents. | 2003 | 12865398 |
| effect of amoxicillin or clindamycin on the adenoids bacterial flora. | we sought to compare the effect on the adenoid bacterial flora of patients with recurrent otitis media of antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin (am) or clindamycin (c). patients and methods forty-five children scheduled for elective adenoidectomy participated in a prospective randomized study. they were divided into 3 groups of 15 each to receive either no therapy (control) or 10 days of therapy with am or c. core adenoid tissues was quantitatively cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | 2003 | 12869909 |
| serum iga and igg functional antibodies and their subclasses to streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged-matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion. | the relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (ome) is uncertain and the aetiology of ome is multifactorial. otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. the four bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenza, staphylococcus aureus and branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas s. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. iga provides the dominant surface r ... | 2003 | 12871248 |
| identification of a moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane protein exhibiting both adhesin and lipolytic activities. | the uspa1 and hag proteins have previously been shown to be involved in the ability of the moraxella catarrhalis wild-type strain o35e to bind to human chang and a549 cells, respectively. in an effort to identify novel adhesins, we generated a plasmid library of m. catarrhalis dna fragments, which was introduced into a nonadherent escherichia coli strain. recombinant e. coli bacteria were subsequently enriched for clones that gained the ability to bind to chang and a549 cells, yielding the plasm ... | 2003 | 12874311 |
| steady-state plasma and bronchopulmonary concentrations of intravenous levofloxacin and azithromycin in healthy adults. | the purpose of this study was to compare the concentrations of levofloxacin and azithromycin in steady-state plasma, epithelial lining fluid (elf), and alveolar macrophage (am) after intravenous administration. thirty-six healthy, nonsmoking adult subjects were randomized to either intravenous levofloxacin (500 or 750 mg) or azithromycin (500 mg) once daily for five doses. venipuncture and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in each subject at either 4, 12, or 24 h after the ... | 2003 | 12878504 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 2-(thiazol-2-ylthio)-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria. | sm-197436, sm-232721, and sm-232724 are new 1beta-methylcarbapenems with a unique 4-substituted thiazol-2-ylthio moiety at the c-2 side chain. in agar dilution susceptibility testing these novel carbapenems were active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse) with a mic(90) of </=4 micro g/ml. furthermore, sm-232724 showed strong bactericidal activity against mrsa, in contrast to linezolid, which was bacteriostatic up to four times the mic. ... | 2003 | 12878507 |
| selection of resistant streptococcus pneumoniae during penicillin treatment in vitro and in three animal models. | pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties for the selection of resistant pneumococci were studied by using three strains of the same serotype (6b) for mixed-culture infection in time-kill experiments in vitro and in three different animal models, the mouse peritonitis, the mouse thigh, and the rabbit tissue cage models. treatment regimens with penicillin were designed to give a wide range of t(>mic)s, the amounts of time for which the drug concentrations in serum were above the mi ... | 2003 | 12878511 |
| unique biological properties and molecular mechanism of 5,6-bridged quinolones. | we have characterized an early series of 5,6-bridged dioxinoquinolones which behaved strikingly different from typical quinolones. the 5,6-bridged dioxinoquinolones inhibited escherichia coli dna gyrase supercoiling activity but, unlike typical quinolones, failed to stimulate gyrase-dependent cleavable complex formation. analogous unsubstituted compounds stimulated cleavable complex formation but were considerably less potent than the corresponding 5,6-bridged compounds. consistent with a previo ... | 2003 | 12878515 |
| efficacy of single-dose azithromycin in treatment of acute otitis media in children after a baseline tympanocentesis. | children with acute otitis media underwent tympanocentesis and were given a single dose of 30 mg of azithromycin/kg of body weight. at day 28, the overall clinical cure rate was 206 of 242 (85%). clinical cure rates for patients infected with streptococcus pneumoniae (67 of 76; 88%) and haemophilus influenzae (28 of 44; 64%) were consistent with historical rates for the 5-day dosing regimen. | 2003 | 12878537 |
| a phase iii, placebo controlled clinical trial of 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. | to compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (quixin) with placebo for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. | 2003 | 12881345 |
| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in esrd and removal by the cellulose acetate high performance-210 hemodialyzer. | no published data are available describing the pharmacokinetics of intravenous levofloxacin in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). objectives of this study are to determine the pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of levofloxacin and develop dosing strategies in these patients. | 2003 | 12900817 |
| n-acetyl-l-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces. | n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) is used in medical treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. the positive effects of nac treatment have primarily been attributed to the mucus-dissolving properties of nac, as well as its ability to decrease biofilm formation, which reduces bacterial infections. our results suggest that nac also may be an interesting candidate for use as an agent to reduce and prevent biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces in environments typical of paper mill plants. using ... | 2003 | 12902275 |
| rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profile analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | bacteremia results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially among patient populations that are immunocompromised. broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered to patients suspected to have bloodstream infections that are awaiting diagnosis that depends on blood culture analysis. significant delays in identification of pathogens can result, primarily due to the dependence on growth-based identification systems. to address these limitations, we took advantage of terminal restriction fragm ... | 2003 | 12904391 |
| possible relationship of pfge patterns of moraxella catarrhalis between hospital- and community-acquired respiratory infections in a community hospital. | we describe a prospective study of molecular analysis of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from a community hospital. our study was designed to investigate the possible relationship of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of m. catarrhalis between hospital- and community-acquired respiratory infections. a nosocomial outbreak of m. catarrhalis was observed between september 2000 and september 2001. during the study period, 40 strains of m. catarrhalis were isolated from a total of 32 pat ... | 2003 | 12906097 |
| changes in genetic types and population dynamics of moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was performed on a retrospective set of 129 moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained over a 20 month period from 70 children admitted to, or presenting at, the erasmus university medical center, rotterdam, the netherlands. the mean age of the children (at the end of the study) was 2.5 years, with a range of 6 months to 15 years. fifty-one different m. catarrhalis types were isolated from the hospitalized children, with 31 % (22/70) being infected with two p ... | 2003 | 12909660 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) production by the normal flora of the nasopharynx: potential to protect against otitis media? | the normal bacterial flora of the upper airways provides an important barrier to invading pathogens. this study investigated the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) by streptococci isolated from the nasopharyngeal flora of children who either do or do not experience recurrent acute otitis media (aom). twenty children with recurrent aom and 15 controls were tested. swabs from the nasopharynx were evaluated for streptococci having blis activity against two representative st ... | 2003 | 12909662 |
| in vitro susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: a european multicenter study during 2000-2001. | to assess the current (2001) activity of respiratory fluoroquinolones and comparator agents against respiratory pathogens isolated in european countries. | 2003 | 12925097 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 4903 bacterial isolates to gemifloxacin--an advanced fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against over 4900 bacterial isolates was determined by microbroth dilution with interpretation in accordance with nccls guidelines. susceptibility results were compared with those for ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. gemifloxacin and the other fluoroquinolones were not affected by either beta-lactamase production or penicillin-resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae. the mic90 values for gemifloxacin were: s. pneumoniae 0.063 mg/l; ... | 2003 | 12927955 |
| the hag protein of moraxella catarrhalis strain o35e is associated with adherence to human lung and middle ear cells. | previous studies have demonstrated that the moraxella catarrhalis surface antigen uspa1 is an adhesin for chang human conjunctival cells. the present report demonstrates that lack of uspa1 expression does not affect the adherence of strain o35e to a549 human lung cells or primary cultures of human middle ear epithelial (hmee) cells. these results imply that another molecule mediates the adherence of m. catarrhalis to these two cell lines. to identify this adhesin, strain o35e was mutagenized wit ... | 2003 | 12933840 |
| [antibiotic resistance and the detection in respiratory tract isolate of moraxella catarrhalis]. | 2003 | 12934414 | |
| randomized double-blind study comparing 3- and 6-day regimens of azithromycin with a 10-day amoxicillin-clavulanate regimen for treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of adults with acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) compared the efficacy and safety of two azithromycin (azm) regimens, 500 mg/day once daily for 3 days (azm-3) or 6 days (azm-6) to the efficacy and safety of an amoxicillin-clavulanate (amc) regimen of 500-125 mg three times daily for 10 days. a total of 936 subjects with clinically and radiologically documented abs were treated (azm-3, 312; azm-6, 311; amc, 313). clinical success rates were equivalent a ... | 2003 | 12936972 |
| measurement of cefaclor and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid levels in middle-ear fluid in patients with acute otitis media. | concentrations of cefaclor (cfc) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amx/ca) in middle-ear fluid collected preserving the stability and clearing the cell contents has been compared to those obtained using the traditional method. sixty-seven children with effusive otitis media were treated orally with cfc (20 mg/kg of body weight) or amx/ca (20 mg/kg) (4:1 ratio). the concentrations in cell-free fluid (c-) appear higher than those in the total fluid (c+) (as assayed traditionally). | 2003 | 12937009 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| [antimicrobial activities of macrolides against recent clinical isolates, and analysis of resistant mechanisms]. | we examined antibacterial activities of 4 kinds of macrolides, erythromycin (em), clarithromycin (cam), azithromycin (azm) and rokitamycin (rkm), against 6 bacterial species of clinical strains isoleted in 2002. bacterial isolates used were each 50 strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and 43 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. s. agalactiae were derived from ... | 2003 | 12942787 |
| [susceptibility of major pathogens of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis to levofloxacin and other oral antimicrobial drugs]. | a total of 2865 strains of the causative organisms isolated from the patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis at the primary medical institutions were used in this study. the mics of levofloxacin (lvfx) and other oral antimicrobial drugs were determined and evaluated by the nccls guideline. lvfx, cefditoren (cdtr) and cefcapene (cfpn) were potently active against 773 isolates of hemophilus influenzae, the mic50s of lvfx being < or = 0.06 microgram/ml and also the same as the mic90s of lvf ... | 2003 | 12942788 |
| many chemokines including ccl20/mip-3alpha display antimicrobial activity. | previous studies have demonstrated that beta-defensins exhibit chemotactic activity by sharing the chemokine receptor ccr6 with the cc chemokine ligand ccl20/macrophage-inflammatory protein-3alpha (mip-3alpha). structural analysis of ccl20/mip-3alpha revealed that most of the positively charged residues are concentrated at one area of its topological surface, a characteristic considered to be important for the antimicrobial activity of defensins. here, we report that similar to defensins, ccl20/ ... | 2003 | 12949249 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a 79-kda iron-repressible outer-membrane protein of moraxella bovis. | moraxella bovis expresses an iron-repressible 79-kda outer-membrane protein, irpa. dna and n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis indicate that irpa is closely related to frpb of neisseria meningitidis, feta of neisseria gonorrhoeae and copb of moraxella catarrhalis. the results of manganese mutagenesis and a gel-shift assay suggested that the transcription of irpa is negatively regulated by the ferric uptake regulator. the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cassette into the irpa gene affec ... | 2003 | 12951253 |
| is hydrogen peroxide responsible for the inhibitory activity of alpha-haemolytic streptococci sampled from the nasopharynx? | objective: the inhibitory effect of alpha-haemolytic streptococci (ahs) in vitro on the three commonest otitis media pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, was previously investigated. the aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of this inhibitory activity. material and methods/results: when fractions of ahs filtrate were assayed to determine their inhibitory activity after size-exclusion chromatography, the inhibitory activity was found i ... | 2003 | 12953772 |
| biofilm formation by group a streptococci: is there a relationship with treatment failure? | group a streptococcus (gas) is the primary cause of bacterial pharyngitis in children and adults. up to one-third of patients treated for gas pharyngitis fail to respond to antibiotic therapy. the objective of this cohort study was to evaluate gas biofilm formation as a mechanism for antibiotic treatment failure using previously collected gas isolates and penicillin treatment outcome data. the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) assay device was used to determine the biofilm-forming ... | 2003 | 12958223 |
| evaluation of real-time pcr for detection of and discrimination between bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella holmesii for clinical diagnosis. | pcr is increasingly being used as a diagnostic test for the detection of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis dna, as it has improved sensitivity and specificity in comparison to conventional techniques. the assay described here uses the two insertion sequences is481 and is1001 for b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, respectively, with detection by molecular beacons. the real-time pcr for is481 detects both b. pertussis and bordetella holmesii, and the real-time pcr for is1001 detect ... | 2003 | 12958235 |
| semiquantitative detection by real-time pcr of aspergillus fumigatus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and tissue biopsy specimens from patients with invasive aspergillosis. | a real-time pcr method was developed and used to detect aspergillus fumigatus mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids and tissue biopsy specimens. the analytical sensitivity of the assay was one a. fumigatus conidium per reaction, and the assay was linear at least over 4 orders of magnitude above the detection limit. bal fluids from 66 immunocompromised patients at risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) and 33 immunocompetent controls and tissue biopsy specimens ... | 2003 | 12958261 |
| comparison and evaluation of real-time pcr, real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, conventional pcr, and serology for diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and lower-respiratory-tract infections. diagnosis has traditionally been obtained by serological diagnosis, but increasingly, molecular techniques have been applied. however, the number of studies actually comparing these assays is limited. the development of a novel duplex real-time pcr assay for detection of m. pneumoniae in the presence of an internal control real-time pcr is described. in addition, real-time nucleic acid ... | 2003 | 12958270 |
| detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | real-time isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (rt-nasba) was applied to the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae. in vitro-generated m. pneumoniae rna was used to assess the sensitivity of the assay. the 95% hit rate was 148 molecules of m. pneumoniae rna in the amplification and 10(4) molecules of in vitro-generated rna after nucleic acid extraction. the sensitivity of the rt-nasba and the conventional nasba assays corresponded to 5 color-changing units (ccu) of m. pneumoniae. in ... | 2003 | 12958290 |
| nasopharyngeal reservoir of bacterial otitis media and sinusitis pathogens in adults during wellness and viral respiratory illness. | the carriage rate of pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx (np) was determined using three separate techniques for obtaining samples. | 2003 | 12962190 |
| susceptibility trends of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis against orally administered antimicrobial agents: five-year report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | the assessment of orally administered antimicrobial susceptibilities of common pathogens that cause community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) has become exceedingly important due to the number of office visits for this indication. numerous local, regional and global studies have documented the susceptibilities of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis, the most common carti pathogens. sentry antimicrobial surveillance program sites in north and ... | 2003 | 12967753 |
| contemporary re-evaluation of the activity and spectrum of grepafloxacin tested against isolates in the united states. | grepafloxacin potency and spectrum of activity were re-evaluated against contemporary pathogens collected from clinical infections in 2001-2002. a total of 995 isolates were tested for grepafloxacin by the reference agar dilution method and these results were compared to those of 25 other antimicrobial agents. grepafloxacin activity remained comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae (mic(90), 0.03-2 ... | 2003 | 12967754 |
| comparison of moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults for growth on modified new york city medium and potential virulence factors. | initial studies found that moraxella catarrhalis isolates from adults that grew on modified new york city medium (mnyc(+)) that contained antibiotics selective for pathogenic neisseriae differed from strains that did not grow on this medium (mnyc(-)) in their potential virulence properties. it was predicted that higher usage of antibiotics to treat respiratory illness in children might result in higher proportions of mnyc(+) isolates if antibiotics were an important selective pressure for this p ... | 2003 | 12972578 |
| [comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria]. | the in vitro activity of ertapenem (mk-0826), a new carbapenem, was studied against 389 aerobic microorganisms (187 enterobacteriaceae, 15 aeromonas spp., 42 staphylococcus spp., 43 streptococcus spp., 15 enterococcus spp., 30 haemophilus spp., 15 moraxella catarrhalis, 12 neisseria gonorrhoeae, 15 pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15 acinetobacter spp.) and 54 anaerobic isolates (15 clostridium spp., 12 peptostreptococcus spp. and 27 fragilis group bacteroides recovered from four spanish hospitals. er ... | 2003 | 12973459 |
| high-dose azithromycin versus high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for treatment of children with recurrent or persistent acute otitis media. | infants and young children, especially those in day care, are at risk for recurrent or persistent acute otitis media (aom). there are no data on oral alternatives to high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for treating aom in these high-risk patients. in this double-blind, double-dummy multicenter clinical trial, we compared a novel, high-dose azithromycin regimen with high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for treatment of children with recurrent or persistent aom. three hundred four children were randomi ... | 2003 | 14506028 |
| in vitro antibacterial potency and spectrum of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone. | abt-492 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against most quinolone-susceptible pathogens. the rank order of potency was abt-492 > trovafloxacin > levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin against quinolone-susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. abt-492 had activity comparable to those of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against seven species of quinolone-susceptible members of the family enterobacteriaceae, although it was less active than the comparators against citro ... | 2003 | 14506039 |
| activities of a new oral streptogramin, xrp 2868, compared to those of other agents against streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus species. | mic methodology was used to test the antibacterial activity of xrp 2868, a new oral combination of two semisynthetic streptogramins, rpr 132552a and rpr 202868, compared to activities of other antibacterial agents against pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae, and haemophilus parainfluenzae. for 261 pneumococci, xrp 2868 and pristinamycin mics were similar, irrespective of penicillin g and erythromycin a susceptibilities (mic at which 50% of isolates were inhibited [mic(50)], 0.25 micro g/ml; mic( ... | 2003 | 14506040 |
| serum voriconazole levels following administration via percutaneous jejunostomy tube. | 2003 | 14506064 | |
| vaccines for moraxella catarrhalis and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | the development of vaccines against non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis represents a difficult challenge. both bacteria are mucosal surface pathogens and protection may require a mucosal immune response. in addition, the surface antigens of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae are hypervariable and animal models of infection with these bacteria may not be predictive of human efficacy. vaccine development has focused on conserved surface exposed antigens, including integr ... | 2003 | 14508879 |
| comparative activity of garenoxacin and other agents by susceptibility and time-kill testing against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory pathogens. | garenoxacin is a novel des-f(6)quinolone that has shown excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of clinically important microorganisms. in this study, its activity was examined, in comparison with that of other antimicrobial agents, by susceptibility and time-kill testing against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory pathogens. | 2003 | 14519672 |
| nasopharyngeal flora and drug susceptibility in children with macrolide therapy. | low-dose, long-term administration of macrolides (macrolide therapy) has been used as an effective treatment for chronic respiratory tract diseases. the authors reported on the nasopharyngeal flora in children treated with macrolide therapy. | 2003 | 14520106 |
| amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium extended release tablets: a new antimicrobial for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired bacterial respiratory tract infections are among the most common health disorders requiring medical care and are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and direct and indirect costs. recent increases in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have resulted in reduced susceptibility of the most common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens to a number of antimicrobials. amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium extended release (er) tablets (augmentin xr, glaxosmithkline) ... | 2003 | 14521493 |
| [comparative in vitro activity of garenoxacin (bms-284756). sentry program, spain (1999-2000)]. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of the new des-fluoro quinolone, garenoxacin (bms-284756), compared to activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin in clinical isolates recovered over 1999 and 2000 within the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | 2003 | 14525705 |
| detection of a point mutation associated with high-level isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis by using real-time pcr technology with 3'-minor groove binder-dna probes. | tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. the emergence of drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious public health threat. resistance to isoniazid (inh) is the most prevalent form of resistance in m. tuberculosis and is mainly caused by mutations in the catalase peroxidase gene (katg). among high-level inh-resistant isolates (mic > or = 2), 89% are associated with a mutation at codon 315 of katg. there is a need to develop rapid diagnos ... | 2003 | 14532194 |
| real-time pcr assay targets the 23s-5s spacer for direct detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila. | a real-time pcr for the abi prism 7000 system targeting the 23s-5s spacer of legionella spp. was developed. simultaneous detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila within 90 min and without post-pcr melting-curve analysis was achieved using two taqman probes. in sputum samples from 23 controls and 17 patients with legionellosis, defined by positive culture, urinary antigen testing, or seroconversion, 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity were observed. | 2003 | 14532229 |
| molecular mimicry of host structures by lipooligosaccharides of neisseria meningitidis: characterization of sialylated and nonsialylated lacto-n-neotetraose (galbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glc) structures in lipooligosaccharides using monoclonal antibodies and specific lectins. | neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharides (loss) are classified into 12 immunotypes. most loss are heterogeneous in having a few components by sds-page analysis that differ antigenically and chemically. we have utilized a monoclonal antibody that recognizes lacto-n-neotetraose (lnnt) and the lectin, maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (mal), which is specific for neunacalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnac trisacchride sequence to characterize the 12 n. meningitidis loss. using the combination of elisa, sds- ... | 2001 | 14533820 |
| microbial dynamics of purulent nasopharyngitis in children. | this review presents the microbiological dynamic and therapeutic options in the management of purulent nasopharyngitis (npt). the nasopharynx (np) of healthy children is generally colonized by relatively non-pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic organisms, some of, which possess the ability to interfere with the growth of potential pathogens. conversely, carriage of potential respiratory aerobic pathogen such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, as well as so ... | 2003 | 14550957 |
| macrolide resistance: an increasing concern for treatment failure in children. | antimicrobial treatment of pediatric respiratory tract infections has evolved during the past 30 years as a result of antimicrobial resistance. the focus of antimicrobial therapy in these conditions has shifted from penicillins to other agents because of the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance among common respiratory pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is important for clinicians to understand how resistance develops so t ... | 2003 | 14566999 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ... | 2003 | 14567255 |
| prevention and management of antibacterial resistance for primary care patients with respiratory tract infections. | this review examines the problem of increasing antibacterial resistance among the pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the increases in morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost associated with increased resistance to available antibiotics are challenging prescribers to find more effective therapeutic strategies. a medline search of the literature from 1966 to t ... | 2003 | 14570346 |
| identification of a 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic operon in moraxella catarrhalis and analysis of a kdsa-deficient isogenic mutant. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a predominant surface-exposed component of the outer membrane, has been implicated as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of moraxella catarrhalis infections. however, the critical steps involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of m. catarrhalis los currently remain undefined. in this study, we used random transposon mutagenesis to identify a 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) biosynthetic operon in m. catarrhalis with the gene order pyrg-kdsa-eno. the lipid a- ... | 2003 | 14573664 |
| does the tonsillar surface flora differ in children with and without tonsillar disease? | to investigate whether the tonsillar flora differ in children with and without adenotonsillar disease. | 2003 | 14575405 |
| comparison of bsac agar dilution and nccls broth microdilution mic methods for in vitro susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: the bsac respiratory resistance surveillance programme. | the aim of this study was to establish the degree of comparability between the nccls broth microdilution and bsac agar dilution mic methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | 2003 | 14585864 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of lower respiratory tract pathogens in great britain and ireland 1999-2001 related to demographic and geographical factors: the bsac respiratory resistance surveillance programme. | the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens in great britain and ireland, and investigate its relationship with demographic and geographical factors using multiple logistic regression analysis. | 2003 | 14585865 |
| contemporary evaluation of the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir compared with other orally administered antimicrobials tested against common respiratory tract pathogens (2000-2002). | cefdinir is an oral cephalosporin approved by the food and drug administration in 1997 for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute maxillary sinusitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults and adolescents, and acute otitis media, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in children. although cefdinir showed similar activity to other cephalosporins in the ... | 2003 | 14596971 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin compared with macrolides and fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of telithromycin was compared with erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin g, ampicillin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone against 336 consecutive strains (83 streptococcus pneumoniae, 168 haemophilus influenzae and 85 moraxella catarrhalis) isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. telithromycin (mic(90), 0.008 mg/l) was the most active drug against s. pneumoniae. telithr ... | 2003 | 14602368 |
| correlation between susceptibility and bro type enzyme of moraxella catarrhalis strains. | clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis (76 isolates) were screened for beta-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility. beta-lactamases (detected in 90.8% of isolates) were typed using isoelectric focusing to bro-1 (87%) and bro-2 (13%). minor variations in electrofocusing patterns between the two types were seen. isolates expressing bro type enzymes showed solid resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and cephalothin, in particular bro-1 producers. bro-1 isolates were less susceptible ... | 2003 | 14602374 |
| presumed endocarditis caused by bro beta-lactamase-producing moraxella lacunata in an infant with fallot's tetrad. | a case of presumed endocarditis caused by moraxella lacunata in a 15-month-old male infant with fallot's tetrad is described. this infection may have occurred as the result of transmission of this organism between the father and his son. this is the first report of bro beta-lactamase-producing m. lacunata causing presumed endocarditis. | 2003 | 14605192 |
| bacteriologic findings in patients with chronic sinusitis. | we studied the bacteriology of maxillary sinus aspirates obtained from patients diagnosed with chronic sinusitis. we recovered 659 strains from 510 aspirates; of these, 572 (86.8%) were aerobes and 87 (13.2%) were anaerobes. aerobes only were recovered from 310 of the 510 specimens (60.8%) and anaerobes only from 31 (6.1%). among the 572 aerobic bacteria, the most prevalent organisms were streptococcus viridans (158 strains [27.6%]), streptococcus pneumoniae (67 [11.7%]), corynebacterium species ... | 2003 | 14606178 |
| diversity in coding tandem repeats in related neisseria spp. | tandem repeats contained within coding regions can mediate phase variation when the repeated units change the reading frame of the coding sequence in a copy number dependent manner. coding tandem repeats are those which do not alter the reading frame with copy number, and the changes in copy number of these repeats may then potentially alter the function or antigenicity of the protein encoded. three complete neisserial genomes were analyzed and compared to identify coding tandem repeats where th ... | 2003 | 14611665 |
| bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral gatifloxacin for the treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive acute otitis media: an open label, noncomparative, double tympanocentesis study. | gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with good activity against respiratory pathogens. | 2003 | 14614364 |
| open label, multicenter study of gatifloxacin treatment of recurrent otitis media and acute otitis media treatment failure. | recurrent otitis media and treatment failures of acute infections are refractory to therapy. newer fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against respiratory pathogens, but their use in children has been limited because of concerns about adverse effects. | 2003 | 14614365 |
| a mouse model for acute otitis media. | to induce acute otitis media in the mouse and to describe the clinical and bacteriological course of the infection, middle ears of balb/c, swiss-webster and c57bl/6 mice were inoculated with streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. systemic and local changes were monitored by clinical observations, otomicroscopy, and analysis of bacterial samples from blood and middle ears. agglutination of mouse erythrocytes by m. catarrhalis was also tested. depending on bact ... | 2003 | 14616553 |
| antimicrobial activity of lb10827, a new orally administered cephalosporin, tested against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. | a new orally administered cephalosporin, lb10827, was compared to 16 other antimicrobial agents tested against streptococcus pneumoniae (520 strains), haemophilus influenzae (302 strains) and moraxella catarrhalis (188 strains) by reference broth microdilution methods. lb10827 (mic90, 0.12 mg/l; highest mic, 0.5 mg/l) was 8-16-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefpodoxime or cefuroxime when tested against s. pneumoniae. all gram-negative strains were inhibited at </= 0.5 mg/l lb10827, which is an ... | 2003 | 14616716 |
| factors contributing to hydrogen peroxide resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae include pyruvate oxidase (spxb) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction. | aerobic growth of streptococcus pneumoniae results in production of amounts of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) that may exceed 1 mm in the surrounding media. h(2)o(2) production by s. pneumoniae has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. the mechanisms allowing s. pneumoniae, a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of h(2)o(2) that are sufficient to kill other ba ... | 2003 | 14617646 |
| new antibacterial tetrahydro-4(2h)-thiopyran and thiomorpholine s-oxide and s,s-dioxide phenyloxazolidinones. | combinatorial libraries of n-acylated 5-(s)-aminomethyloxazolidinone derivatives of s-oxide and s,s-dioxide tetrahydro-4(2h)-thiopyranyl and thiomorpholine phenyloxazolidinone series have been synthesized on a solid phase and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. several novel potent leads have been identified, including orally active oxazolidinones with enhanced activity against respiratory tract infection pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 2003 | 14623003 |
| acute otitis media in pediatric medicine: current issues in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. | acute otitis media (aom) is not only the most common bacterial infection in children in the united states, it is also the most common indication for the prescription of antibiotics. unfortunately, antibiotic resistance to pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) typically causative of aom, continues to increase. more than 30% of the beta-lactamase producing h. influenzae are resistant to amoxicillin and virtually all strains of m. catarrhalis are be ... | 2003 | 14632101 |
| acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in pediatric medicine: current issues in diagnosis and management. | in children, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common infection and although rare, carries a potential for serious, life threatening complications. bacterial rhinosinusitis usually follows a viral infection or allergic rhinitis. early, effective antibacterial therapy is essential to shorten the duration of infection and illness, to diminish mucosal damage, and to prevent contiguous infectious involvement of the orbit or central nervous system. because the signs and symptoms of acute bacterial ... | 2003 | 14632103 |