Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| clonal dissemination of escherichia coli o157:h7 subtypes among dairy farms in northeast ohio. | to ascertain the extent to which indistinguishable strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 are shared between farms, molecular characterization was performed on e. coli o157:h7 isolates recovered during a longitudinal study of 20 dairy farms in northeast ohio. of the 20 dairy farms sampled, 16 were located in a primary area and 4 were located in two other distant geographical areas. a total of 92 e. coli o157:h7 isolates obtained from bovine fecal samples, water trough sediment samples, free-stall b ... | 2006 | 16597966 |
| evaluation of a pcr detection method for escherichia coli o157:h7/h- bovine faecal samples. | combinations of pcr primer sets were evaluated to establish a multiplex pcr method to specifically detect escherichia coli o157:h7 genes in bovine faecal samples. | 2006 | 16599993 |
| toxicological impact studies based on escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine zno nanoparticles colloidal medium. | we report here preliminary studies of biocidal effects and cellular internalization of zno nanoparticles on escherichia coli bacteria. zno nanoparticles were synthesized in di(ethylene glycol) (deg) medium by forced hydrolysis of ionic zn2+ salts. particle size and shape were controlled by addition of small molecules and macromolecules such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and bovine serum albumin. transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x- ... | 2006 | 16608300 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in community dna. | many methods are used to detect antibiotic resistance genes in samples. the objective of the study reported here was to compare polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of community dna with fecal culturing for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in cattle samples. in the laboratory-based portion of this study, known concentrations of an escherichia coli strain with 3 antibiotic resistance genes (cmy-2, flo, and cat) were added to feces from dairy cattle. these genes were used to assess the ef ... | 2006 | 16617698 |
| interferon-alpha genes from bos and bubalus bubalus. | interferon-a genes were cloned from six breeds of three species of two genera (three chinese native cattle breeds of yellow cattle, wild yak and huanhu domestic yak, one european breed of holstein cow, and two water buffalo breeds of fuan water buffalo and fuzhong water buffalo) by direct pcr. the pcr products were directly inserted into the expression vector to be sequenced and expressed. sequence analysis showed that ifn-a genes of six clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature ... | 2006 | 16621760 |
| the escherichia coli o157 flagellar regulatory gene flhc and not the flagellin gene flic impacts colonization of cattle. | a virulent european escherichia coli o157:h- isolate is nonmotile due to a 12-bp deletion in the flagellar regulatory gene flhc. to investigate the contribution of flhc in the relationship between e. coli o157:h7 and cattle, we constructed a similar flhc regulatory mutant in the well-characterized strain atcc 43894. there was no difference in the growth rate between the wild type and this regulatory mutant, but phenotypic arrays showed substrate utilization differences. survival in the bovine ga ... | 2006 | 16622228 |
| atr-ftir redox difference spectroscopy of yarrowia lipolytica and bovine complex i. | atr-ftir spectroscopy in combination with electrochemistry has been applied to the redox centers of yarrowia lipolytica complex i. the redox spectra show broad similarities with previously published data on escherichia coli complex i and with new data here on bovine complex i. the spectra are dominated by amide i/ii protein backbone changes. comparisons with redox ir spectra of small model ferredoxins demonstrate that these amide i/ii changes arise primarily from characteristic structural change ... | 2006 | 16634627 |
| real-time reverse transcription-multiplex pcr for simultaneous and specific detection of rfbe and eae genes of escherichia coli o157:h7. | a real-time reverse transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (rrt-mpcr) was developed for detection of mrna encoded by rfbe and eae genes of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7. a 129-bp and a 106-bp sequence specific to rfbe and eae, respectively, were targeted for reverse transcription, amplification, and real-time detection. a single-step rt-pcr kit containing a mixture of reverse transcriptases converted mrna into cdna, which was subsequently amplified by taq polymeras ... | 2006 | 16644181 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of rabbit alpha2-antiplasmin. | the rabbit is frequently employed in small animal models of in-vivo coagulation and fibrinolysis, but the degree to which its plasma proteins resemble their human counterparts is incompletely known. our aims were: to determine the nucleotide sequence of a full-length rabbit liver alpha(2)-antiplasmin (alpha(2)ap) cdna; compare it with its human, murine, and bovine counterparts; and express it in functional form. partial cdnas encoding 5' and 3' portions of the alpha(2)ap mrna were obtained by re ... | 2006 | 16651871 |
| isolation, characterization, and epidemiological assessment of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates from new zealand. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates (n = 22) were examined using culture- and molecularly based methods in order to compare their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. these analyses directly linked shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates from cattle and sheep with human isolates indicating that new zealand livestock may be a reservoir of infection. | 2006 | 16672424 |
| interleukin-8 expression by mammary gland endothelial and epithelial cells following experimental mastitis infection with e. coli. | epithelial and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in initiating and controlling the movement of leukocytes into tissues during inflammation through the production of cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-8 (il-8). in situ hybridization with an il-8 riboprobe was used to determine il-8 mrna expression by mammary gland epithelial and endothelial cells in cows with experimental escherichia coli mastitis. epithelial cells of the gland, especially surrounding the alveoli, had increased il-8 ... | 2006 | 16675015 |
| analysis of fimbrial gene clusters and their expression in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | the sequence of two enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 strains reveals the possession of at least 16 fimbrial gene clusters, many of the chaperone/usher class. the first part of this study examined the distribution of these clusters in a selection of ehec/epec (enteropathogenic e. coli) serotypes to determine if any were likely to be unique to e. coli o157:h7. six of the clusters, as determined by the presence of amplified main subunit or usher gene sequences, were detected only ... | 2006 | 16689724 |
| the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial atp synthase. | the peripheral stalk of f-atpases is an essential component of these enzymes. it extends from the membrane distal point of the f1 catalytic domain along the surface of the f1 domain with subunit a in the membrane domain. then, it reaches down some 45 a to the membrane surface, and traverses the membrane, where it is associated with the a-subunit. its role is to act as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha3beta3 subcomplex and the a-subunit static relative to the rotary element of the enzyme, whic ... | 2006 | 16697972 |
| attachment of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli to beef muscle and adipose tissue. | shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) serotypes are important foodborne pathogens that cause gastrointestinal disease worldwide. an understanding of how stec strains attach to surfaces may provide insight into the potential persistence of and contamination with stec in food environments. the initial attachment of a selection of stec serotypes to beef muscle and adipose tissue was evaluated for isolates grown in planktonic and sessile culture. initial experiments were performed to determine whe ... | 2006 | 16715795 |
| thermal inactivation studies of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. | thermal inactivation studies were used to determine the d- and z-values of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. inoculated meat was packaged in sterile bags, which were immersed in a circulated water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65, 67.5, and 70 degrees c for different lengths of time. d- and z-values were determined with a linear regression model. average d-values at temperatures 55 to 70 degrees c were 27.62 to 0.0 ... | 2006 | 16715808 |
| inhibition of bacteriophage m13 replication with esterified milk proteins. | esterified milk proteins [methylated (met) or ethylated (et) alpha-lactalbumin (ala), beta-lactoglobulin (blg), and beta-casein (bcn)], unmodified native milk proteins, and native basic proteins (calf thymus histone and hen egg white lysozyme) were tested for their antiviral activity against the bacteriophage m13 and for their influence on its replication (except bcn). all esterified milk proteins showed an antiviral activity against the bacteriophage m13, proportional to the extent of esterific ... | 2006 | 16719499 |
| characterization of escherichia coli isolated from carcasses of beef cattle during their processing at an abattoir in brazil. | beef carcass sponge samples collected between march 2003 and august 2005 at an abattoir in brazil were surveyed for the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). only one carcass among the 80 tested showed a stec, stx2-encoding gene by pcr amplification. the frequency of carcass contamination by e. coli during processing was tested at three situations, respectively: preevisceration, postevisceration and postprocessing, during the rain and dry seasons. the prevalence of e. coli a ... | 2006 | 16720056 |
| the effect of the presence of globular proteins and elongated polymers on enzyme activity. | we have studied the effect of a crowded (macromolecular) solution on reaction rates of the decarboxylating enzymes urease, pyruvate decarboxylase and glutamate decarboxylase. a variety of crowding agents were used including haemoglobin, lysozyme, various dextrans and polyethylene glycol. enzyme reaction rates of all three enzymes show two different types of effect that separate the globular proteins from the polysaccharides/polymers. increasing concentration of globular proteins caused a dramati ... | 2006 | 16720113 |
| incidence and treatments of postpartum reproductive problems in a dairy herd. | incidence of assisted births, retained fetal membranes (rfm), and metritis were recorded in one hundred dairy cows from parturition through 14 days post-calving. manual removal of rfm was not attempted. all rfm were excised inside the vulva and observations of natural rfm expulsion were recorded. fifteen of 100 cows (15%) had assisted births, 27 (27%) had rfm, 8 (8%) had primary metritis not associated with other postpartum reproductive problems, and 26 (26%) had secondary metritis. uterine swab ... | 1982 | 16725716 |
| the effect of escherichia coli endotoxin on luteal function in holstein heifers. | this study was undertaken to elucidate the possible role of endotcxin in mediating premature luteolysis in the well- documented phenomenon of short estrous cycles in postpartum dairy cows. four groups of holstein heifers (n = 4 to 6 each) received either intrauterine infusion of sterile culture medium (group i); intrauterine infusion of escherichia coli (e. coli ) endotoxin (5 mug/kg) in sterile culture medium (group ii); intrauterine administration of 10 ml of a 24-h culture of a strain of e. c ... | 1990 | 16726760 |
| absorption of escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) from the uteri of postpartum dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that escherichia coli (e. coli ) endotoxin is readily absorbed from uteri of early postpartum cows and that the absorbed endotoxin provokes systemic relcase of prostaglandins. eleven postpartum holstein dairy cows (aged 3 to 7 yr) with normal puerperium were selected and divided into a treatment group (n=7), which received intrauterine infusions of e. coli endotoxin, and a control group (n=4), which received intrauterine infusions of 10 ml of sa ... | 1990 | 16726796 |
| spontaneous uterine infections are associated with elevated prostaglandin f(2)alpha metabolite concentrations in postpartum dairy cows. | postpartum holstein (n=21) and jersey (n=4) cows were used to determine if uterine infections are associated with elevated plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin f(2)alpha (pgfm). based upon clinical examinations and bacterial content of intrauterine fluid samples, cows detected with uterine infections between 21 and 28 d post partum were used (infected; n=14). these cows were matched with herdmates that were free of infection (control; n=11). beginning on the day the cows ... | 1994 | 16727399 |
| cloning and expression of recombinant mpb70 protein antigen from mycobacterium bovis bcg for diagnosis of tuberculosis. | in a search for developing new skin test reagents, mpb70 protein antigen was a candidate antigen for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. first m. bovis bcg genomic dna was extracted purified and the mpb70 gene was amplified by pcr. the gene was then ligated to an expression vector, pqe. after transformation of the expression e. coil m15 host strain with the pqe plasmid, the expression was induced using 10 mm of iptg. two bands were seen in the sds-page analysis the 44 and 50 kda represents the ... | 2004 | 16734114 |
| thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases. | it has been generally accepted, primarily from studies on methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) a, that the biological reducing agent for the members of the msr family is reduced thioredoxin (trx), although high levels of dtt can be used as the reductant in vitro. preliminary experiments using both human recombinant msrb2 (hmsrb2) and msrb3 (hmsrb3) showed that although dtt can function in vitro as the reducing agent, trx works very poorly, prompting a more careful comparison of the ability of dt ... | 2006 | 16735467 |
| hybridase activity of human ribonuclease-1 revealed by a real-time fluorometric assay. | human ribonuclease-1 (hrnase-1) is an extracellular enzyme found in exocrine pancreas, blood, milk, saliva, urine and seminal plasma, which has been implicated in digestion of dietary rna and in antiviral host defense. the enzyme is characterized by a high catalytic activity toward both single-stranded and double-stranded rna. in this study, we explored the possibility that hrnase-1 may also be provided with a ribonuclease h activity, i.e. be able to digest the rna component of rna:dna hybrids. ... | 2006 | 16738129 |
| demonstration of methods to reduce e. coli runoff from dairy manure application sites. | contamination by bacteria is a leading cause of impairment in u.s. waters, particularly in areas of livestock agriculture. we evaluated the effectiveness of several practices in reducing escherichia coli levels in runoff from fields receiving liquid dairy (bos taurus) manure. runoff trials were conducted on replicated hay and silage corn (zea mays l.) plots using simulated rainfall. levels of e. coli in runoff were approximately 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per 100 ml, representing a significant pol ... | 2006 | 16738394 |
| use of a simulation model to evaluate sampling strategies for characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-type-specific escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows. | to evaluate various sampling strategies for potential use in measuring prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle. | 2006 | 16740086 |
| field trial evaluating the influence of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial administration on antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli in dairy calves. | the objective of this study was to describe the influence of in-feed and therapeutic antimicrobials on resistance in commensal fecal escherichia coli isolated from preweaned calves. four groups of 30, day-old calf-ranch calves were enrolled and raised until 4 weeks of age. groups 1 to 3 were raised without antimicrobials in the feed. group 1 was isolated from the other groups and received no antimicrobial therapy. group 2 was housed on the calf ranch and did not receive antimicrobial therapy, wh ... | 2006 | 16751491 |
| molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. | healthy calves (n = 96, 1 to 9 weeks old) from a dairy herd in central pennsylvania were examined each month over a five-month period for fecal shedding of ceftiofur-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates (n = 122) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance (disk diffusion and mic), serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes, beta-lactamase genes, and virulence genes. antibiotic disk diffusion assays showed that the isolates were resistant to ... | 2006 | 16751500 |
| development of bacteroides 16s rrna gene taqman-based real-time pcr assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. | bacteroides species are promising indicators for differentiating livestock and human fecal contamination in water because of their high concentration in feces and potential host specificity. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was designed to target bacteroides species (allbac) present in human, cattle, and equine feces. direct pcr amplification (without dna extraction) using the allbac assay was tested on feces diluted in water. fecal concentrations and threshold cycle were linearly correlated ... | 2006 | 16751534 |
| crystal structure of the second lns/lg domain from neurexin 1alpha: ca2+ binding and the effects of alternative splicing. | neurexins mediate protein interactions at the synapse, playing an essential role in synaptic function. extracellular domains of neurexins, and their fragments, bind a distinct profile of different proteins regulated by alternative splicing and ca2+. the crystal structure of n1alpha_lns#2 (the second lns/lg domain of bovine neurexin 1alpha) reveals large structural differences compared with n1alpha_lns#6 (or n1beta_lns), the only other lns/lg domain for which a structure has been determined. the ... | 2006 | 16772286 |
| ultra-fast tandem mass spectrometry scanning combined with monolithic column liquid chromatography increases throughput in proteomic analysis. | liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (lc/esi-ms) has been used successfully for the characterization of biomolecules in proteomics in the last few years. this methodology relied largely on the use of reversed-phase chromatography, in particular c18-based resins, which are suitable for separation of peptides. here we show that polymeric [polystyrene divinylbenzene] monolithic columns can be used to separate peptide mixtures faster and at a higher resolutio ... | 2006 | 16773668 |
| [isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from healthy cattle of the region of lower silesia]. | the aim of the study was to determine if cattle from the region of lower silesia is the reservoir of shiga toxin-producing e. coli strains (stec) and the analysis of virulence factors of isolated stec strains. the ability of tested animal strains to shiga toxin synthesis was analysed in cytotoxicity assay in vitro on vero cell line and then confirmed by detection of shiga toxin-encoding genes by pcr. stec strains were isolated from 12 (15,2%) of animals examined, 21,4% of these strains were obta ... | 2005 | 16773830 |
| [escherichia coli o157:h7 detection in fresh ground beef and hamburgers]. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is an emergent pathogen associated with food transmitted diseases. in 1982, escherichia coli o157:h7 was for the first time identified as the cause of two hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks in the united states. it is now well known that most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by these bacteria. the objective of this work was to detect the microorganism in fresh ground beef and hamburgers. from april 2003 to august 2004 samples were taken at sale points of our supe ... | 2006 | 16784134 |
| microbiological status of fresh beef cuts. | fresh beef samples (n = 1,022) obtained from two processing plants in the midwest (july to december 2003) were analyzed for levels of microbial populations (total aerobic plate count, total coliform count, and escherichia coli count) and for the presence or absence of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella. a fresh beef cut sample was a 360-g composite of 6-g portions excised from the surface of 60 individual representative cuts in a production lot. samples of fresh beef cuts yielded levels of 4.0 to 6. ... | 2006 | 16786874 |
| adherent and invasive escherichia coli are associated with persistent bovine mastitis. | bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli has traditionally been viewed as a transient infection. however, e. coli can also cause clonal persistent intramammary infection (imi) in dairy cows. in this study, we explored the possibility that e. coli strains associated with persistent imi are better able to adhere to, invade, survive and replicate in cultured mammary epithelial cells (mac-t) than transient strains, and examined their serotype, overall genotype, phylogenetic group, and the presence ... | 2006 | 16787715 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in ground beef and lamb cuts: results of a one-year study. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) have been associated with a broad spectrum of diarrhoeal syndromes. some of these cases have been attributed to foods of bovine origin or other foods cross-contaminated by beef products or cow manure. the purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of stec distribution in selected red meats over time. samples of ground beef and lamb cuts were collected over a 52-week period from 31 different outlets and 25 g portions were assayed for stec. ste ... | 2006 | 16793157 |
| bioassay-guided purification and identification of antimicrobial components in chinese green tea extract. | the chinese green tea extract was found to strongly inhibit the growth of major food-borne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and a diarrhoea food-poisoning pathogen bacillus cereus, by 44-100% with the highest activity found against s. aureus and lowest against e. coli o157:h7. a bioassay-guided fractionation technique was used for identifying the principal active component. a simple and efficient reversed-phase high ... | 2006 | 16797571 |
| isolation and characterization of recombinant drosophila copia aspartic proteinase. | the wild type copia gag precursor protein of drosophila melanogaster expressed in escherichia coli was shown to be processed autocatalytically to generate two daughter proteins with molecular masses of 33 and 23 kda on sds/page. the active-site motif of aspartic proteinases, asp-ser-gly, was present in the 23 kda protein corresponding to the c-terminal half of the precursor protein. the coding region of this daughter protein (152 residues) in the copia gag gene was expressed in e. coli to produc ... | 2006 | 16813567 |
| simulating escherichia coli o157:h7 transmission to assess effectiveness of interventions in dutch dairy-beef slaughterhouses. | beef contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7 (vtec) is an important food-safety issue. to investigate the effectiveness of interventions against vtec in dutch beef industrial slaughterhouses that slaughter 500 dairy cattle per day, a monte carlo simulation model was built. we examined seven carcass-antimicrobial interventions, namely: hot-water wash, lactic-acid rinse, trim, steam-vacuum, steam-pasteurization, hide-wash with ethanol and gamma irradiation, and their combinations. the estimate ... | 2006 | 16814887 |
| simulation of normal, carrier and affected controls for large-scale genotyping of cattle for factor xi deficiency. | an insertion mutation within exon 12 of the factor xi gene has been described in holstein cattle. this has opened the prospect for large-scale screening of cattle using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the rapid identification of heterozygous animals. to facilitate such a screening process, the mutant and normal alleles of factor xi gene, represented by 244- and 320-bp pcr amplified fragments, were individually cloned in escherichia coli using a multicopy plasmid cloning vehicle ... | 2006 | 16819712 |
| use of a nonmedicated dietary supplement correlates with increased prevalence of streptomycin-sulfa-tetracycline-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm. | we examined how a dietary supplement affects the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm in washington state. between 2001 and 2004 the prevalence of fecal e. coli strains resistant to streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline (ssut strains) declined from 59.2% to 26.1% in the calf population. in 2003 the dairy discontinued use of a dietary supplement, and we hypothesized that the decline in prevalence of ssut strains was related to this change in management. to te ... | 2006 | 16820447 |
| mouse stefins a1 and a2 (stfa1 and stfa2) differentiate between papain-like endo- and exopeptidases. | stefin a (stfa) acts as a competitive inhibitor of intracellular papain-like cysteine proteases which play important roles in normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and ovarian follicular growth and maturation. in the mouse there are at least three different variants of stfa (stfa1, stfa2 and stfa3). recent genetic studies identified structural polymorphisms in stfa1 and stfa2 as candidates for aod1b, a locus controlling susceptibility to day three thymect ... | 2006 | 16831429 |
| bovine serum amyloid a3 gene structure and promoter analysis: induced transcriptional expression by bacterial components and the hormone prolactin. | regulation of the bovine saa3 promoter in response to signaling molecules associated with lactation or bacterial infection was assessed using a luciferase reporter system. although the liver is the primary site for the production of acute phase proteins, typically serum amyloid a1 (saa1) and serum amyloid a2 (saa2), analysis of the differential expression of serum amyloid a3 (saa3) by mammary epithelial cells is limited. gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the gram-positive bact ... | 2006 | 16837143 |
| dissemination and persistence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains on french dairy farms. | some shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains (stec), and in particular e. coli o157:h7, are known to cause severe illness in humans. stec have been responsible for large foodborne outbreaks and some of these have been linked to dairy products. the aim of the present study was to determine the dissemination and persistence of stec on 13 dairy farms in france, which were selected out of 151 randomized dairy farms. a total of 1309 samples were collected, including 415 faecal samples from cat ... | 2006 | 16837144 |
| soil survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 acquired by a child from garden soil recently fertilized with cattle manure. | this investigation was conducted to determine the survival of a naturally occurring escherichia coli o157:h7 in garden soil linked to a sporadic case of e. coli o157 infection in minnesota. | 2006 | 16882151 |
| ribotyping of fusobacterium necrophorum strains isolated from bovine and ovine hepatic abscesses. | a microbiological study was made of 100 strains of fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from hepatic abscesses in bovine and ovine herds. differences between the biological activity and ribotypes within the two f. necrophorum subspecies were studied. conventional methods identified 89 isolates as f. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and 11 as f. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. for ribotyping, 50 strains (35 f.n. subsp. necrophorum, 11 f.n. subsp. funduliforme and 4 reference strains) were digested w ... | 1998 | 16887645 |
| bacterial production of biologically active canine interleukin-1beta by seamless sumo tagging and removal. | interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix degradation in models of osteoarthritis (oa). in contrast to bovine explant models which effectively respond to recombinant human il-1beta, canine models are relatively refractory to human il-1beta stimulation. canine il-1beta cdna was cloned in order to produce a fully potent species matched preparation of il-1beta for use specifically in canine models of oa. established methods for the production of various orthologous ... | 2006 | 16893658 |
| escherichia coli isolates' serotypes, genotypes, and virulence genes and clinical coliform mastitis severity. | dairy cattle with clinical mastitis caused by escherichia coli exhibit a wide range of disease severity, from mild, with only local inflammatory changes of the mammary gland, to severe, with significant systemic derangement. the present study was designed to examine the relationship between serotype and virulence genes of e. coli mastitis isolates, different levels of systemic disease severity, and farm from which the e. coli strain was obtained. one hundred twenty-three e. coli milk isolates we ... | 2006 | 16899673 |
| the cytokine response of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells is changed after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide in cattle. | the aim of the study was to investigate lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced short and long term changes in capacity for intracellular cytokine-production of bovine circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). eight dairy cows each received three intravenous injections of escherichia coli lps (10, 100 and 1000ng/kg, consecutively) at 3week intervals. intracellular cytokine production was determined by flow cytometry in pbmcs obtained 0, 2, 6 and 24h after each lps challenge. after lps adm ... | 2007 | 16914332 |
| factors affecting the relationship between caeruloplasmin activity and plasma copper concentration in cattle. | 2006 | 16921015 | |
| escherichia coli o157: burger bug or environmental pathogen? | the three main pathways of escherichia coli o157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. the disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. in this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)) to determine whether burgers o ... | 2006 | 16934897 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec). | we previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hela cells by disruption of the type iii secretory system (ttss) of both enteropathogens. to determine whether these effects were specific to the ttss, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), enteropathogens whose virulence is not ttss dependent. bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1. ... | 2006 | 16936809 |
| expression and properties of recombinant ovine uterine serpin. | ovine uterine serpin (ovus) is produced in the uterus of sheep under the influence of progesterone. it weakly inhibits pepsin and reduces proliferation of lymphocytes, tumor cell lines, and preimplantation embryos. when purified from uterine fluid, the concentration required for its antiproliferative effect in vitro is approximately 0.25-1 mg/ml. here we show that recombinant (r) ovus is a more potent regulator of cell proliferation than native (n) ovus purified from uterine fluid. to produce ro ... | 2006 | 16946400 |
| use of routine beef carcase escherichia coli monitoring data to investigate the relationship between hygiene status of incoming stock and processing efficacy. | in australian export-registered abattoirs microbiological monitoring is carried out within the e. coli and salmonella monitoring (esam) program. during the calendar year 2003, the esam database indicated a national prevalence of escherichia coli of around 3.0% for steers/heifers and 7.1% for cows/bulls. an investigation was carried out to attempt to elucidate why some establishments had e. coli prevalence markedly higher or markedly lower than the national average. the investigation was based on ... | 2006 | 16949171 |
| a counterintuitive mg2+-dependent and modification-assisted functional folding of mitochondrial trnas. | mitochondrial trnas (mtrnas) often lack domains and posttranscriptional modifications that are found in cytoplasmic trnas. these structural and chemical elements normally stabilize the folding of cytoplasmic trnas into canonical structures that are competent for aminoacylation and translation. for example, the dihydrouridine (d) stem and loop domain is involved in the tertiary structure of cytoplasmic trnas through hydrogen bonds and a mg2+ bridge to the ribothymidine (t) stem and loop domain. t ... | 2006 | 16949614 |
| decomposition of biological macromolecules by plasma generated with helium and oxygen. | in this study, we attempted to characterize the biomolecular effects of an atmospheric pressure cold plasma (apcp) system which utilizes helium/oxygen (he/o(2)). apcp using he/o(2) generates a low level of uv while generating reactive oxygen radicals which probably serve as the primary factor in sterilization; these reactive oxygen radicals have the advantage of being capable to access the interiors of the structures of microbial cells. the damaging effects of plasma exposure on polypeptides, dn ... | 2006 | 16953185 |
| transgenic cows that produce recombinant human lactoferrin in milk are not protected from experimental escherichia coli intramammary infection. | this is the first study describing an experimental mastitis model using transgenic cows expressing recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) in their milk. the aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations in milk and protective effects of bovine and recombinant human lactoferrin in experimental escherichia coli mastitis. experimental intramammary infection was induced in one udder quarter of seven first-lactating rhlf-transgenic cows and six normal cows, using an e. coli strain isolated fro ... | 2006 | 16954396 |
| identification of diagnostic proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by a whole genome analysis approach. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is an economically significant veterinary pathogen that causes johne's disease in cattle and sheep. there is a critical need for improved diagnostic tests to detect m. paratuberculosis infection in these animals. as with many other animal diseases, efforts need to be concentrated on the development of simple, rapid, noninvasive tests that can be performed by veterinarians or animal producers without expensive laboratory equipm ... | 2006 | 16957356 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding bacteria and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms and county fairs. | shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (stb) and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were detected and isolated from dairy cattle and their farm environment and from manure piles at minnesota (mn) county fairs from 2001 to 2002. a total of 2,540 samples were collected from 28 dairy cattle farms (8 organic and 20 conventional), 17 calf pens (5 organic and 12 conventional), and 12 county fairs. stb were detected from 71 (3.2%) of 2208 fecal samples with 20 (71.4%) of 28 dairy farms having at leas ... | 2006 | 16959442 |
| deferoxamine reduces tissue damage during endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | the protective effects of 3 antioxidants on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-induced damage to mammary cells were evaluated in vivo using an endotoxin-induced mastitis model. fifteen healthy, midlactation cows with no history of clinical escherichia coli mastitis were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups corresponding to each modulator to be evaluated, that is, deferoxamine, catechin, and glutathione ethyl ester. each cow had 1 quarter infused with saline and 1 quarter infused with the s ... | 2006 | 16960060 |
| occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli o157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in west bengal, india. | (i) to study the occurrence of escherichia coli serotype o157 in cattle stool in west bengal, india, and (ii) the virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance of the e. coli isolates. | 2006 | 16965371 |
| effect of ractopamine hcl supplementation on fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle. | the effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, on fecal shedding escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle was examined. in the first study, 20 feedlot steers and heifers were randomly assigned to receive ractopamine or no ractopamine (control) by way of oral bolus for 28 days. fecal samples were collected daily, and shedding of e. coli o157:h7 determined. when examined during the entire 28-day ... | 2006 | 16972129 |
| public health significance of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in raw bulk tank milk. | the dairy farm environment and animals on the farm serve as important reservoirs of pathogenic and commensal bacteria that could potentially gain access to milk in the bulk tank via several pathways. pathogenic gram-negative bacteria can gain access to bulk tank milk from infected mammary glands, contaminated udders and milking machines, and/or from the dairy farm environment. contaminated raw milk when consumed by humans or fed to animals on the farm can result in gastroenteric infections in hu ... | 2006 | 16972770 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of escherichia coli o157 isolates from kansas feedlots. | this study investigated the prevalence and distribution of escherichia coli o157 genetic types within and among feedlots using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate xbai-digested dna. the study population consisted of 300 pens of cattle in 30 feedlots in kansas that were sampled (feces, water, and water sediment) within a month of being shipped for slaughter. the prevalence of e. coli o157 was 8.5% in feces, 3.1% in water, and 4.5% in water sediment samples. a total of 424 e. coli o157 is ... | 2006 | 16972773 |
| response of spinach and komatsuna to biogas effluent made from source-separated kitchen garbage. | recycling of kitchen garbage is an urgent task for reducing public spending and environmental burdens by incineration and/or landfill. there is an interesting regional effort in ogawa, saitama prefecture, japan, in which source-separated kitchen garbage is anaerobically fermented with a biogas plant and the resultant effluent is used as a quick-release organic fertilizer by surrounding farmers. however, scientific assessments of fertilizer values and risks in the use of the effluent were lacking ... | 2006 | 16973635 |
| antiviral activity of cho-ss cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against hcv rna replicons and related viruses. | the fully glycosylated human omega interferon produced from cho-ss cells (glycosylated ifn-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). we examined the antiviral activity of glycosylated ifn-omega and various human ifns (ifn-alpha, -beta, -gamma and non-glycosylated bacterial (escherichia coli) recombinant ifn-omega (non-glycosylated ifn-omega)) against hcv rna replicons and several viruses relat ... | 2007 | 16987555 |
| shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 by cattle fed diets containing monensin or tylosin. | monensin and tylosin have activity against gram-positive bacteria, and it has been theorized that their effects on the intestinal environment may promote proliferation of gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli. effects of these antibiotics on the shedding of e. coli o157:h7 were studied in a feedlot environment, using 32 finishing steers. a diet containing 85% barley grain, 10% barley silage, and 5% supplement was amended with 33 ppm monensin, 11 ppm tylosin, both of these additives, or ... | 2006 | 16995508 |
| vaccination of bovines with recombinant boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin. | boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) is an aspartic proteinase found in boophilus microplus eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis and has been tested as antigen to compose an anti-tick vaccine. the vaccine potential of a recombinant byc expressed in escherichia coli (rbyc) was investigated. rbyc was purified and used to immunize hereford cattle. the sera of bovines immunized with rbyc recognized the native byc with a titer ranging from 125 to 4000. furthermore, immunized bovines challenged wi ... | 2006 | 16997384 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract. | the rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. one potential candidate, bdle (dialysis at 10 to 12 kda cut-off) and its fractions ("s" and "l" by 3.5 kda cut-off and i, ii, iii, and iv by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, lysteria monocytogenes, esche ... | 2006 | 16997795 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| bacterial adherence to surgical sutures: can antibacterial-coated sutures reduce the risk of microbial contamination? | surgical site infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. the role of surgical sutures in the etiology of surgical site infection has been the objective of discussion for decades. this study used a standardized in vitro microbiologic model to assess bacterial adherence and the antibacterial activity of a triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (braided) suture against selected gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates that may infect surgical wounds. | 2006 | 17000391 |
| structural plasticity of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase sfkpa is a key to its chaperone function as revealed by solution nmr. | intramolecular dynamics of periplasmic chaperone fkpa-deltact (sfkpa) and its complexes with partially structured substrates are studied by nmr in solution. the backbone amide 15n relaxation of sfkpa reveals flexibility in the relative orientation between the dimerization domain and two juxtaposed catalytic domains identified in the x-ray structure of sfkpa. this flexibility is attributed to the structural plasticity within the long alpha-helical arm (helix iii) consisting of residues 84 and 91. ... | 2006 | 17002297 |
| association between ceftiofur use and isolation of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of dairy cows. | to estimate the association between ceftiofur use and the isolation of escherichia coli with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility from fecal samples of dairy cow populations. | 2006 | 17014318 |
| a novel fusion protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been widely explored over the years. three mycobacterium bovis-specific antigen genes, namely, mpb70, mpb83, and esat-6 were recombined in tandem by spliced overlap extension technology and expressed in escherichia coli to obtain the fusion protein (rm70-83-e6). western blot analysis showed that rm70-83-e6 can specifically react with bovine tuberculosis-positive sera but not those from cattle infected with other b ... | 2007 | 17023217 |
| ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in france. | clinical escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in france. these strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), with ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype. the bla(ctx-m-1) gene was encountered most commonly and was characterised in seven e. coli strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry, whereas bla(ctx-m-15) was ide ... | 2006 | 17027237 |
| cytolethal distending toxins in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: alleles, serotype distribution and biological effects. | to assess the prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), 202 stec strains were investigated using pcrs targeting various cdt alleles (cdt-i to cdt-v). seven of the 202 strains contained cdt-iii and an additional seven contained cdt-v. all 14 cdt-positive strains produced biologically active cdt, as demonstrated by a progressive distension of cultured chinese hamster ovary cells. the cdt-positive stec belonged to eight different serotypes, ... | 2006 | 17030906 |
| virulence markers and genetic relationships of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from serogroup o111 isolated from cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from healthy cattle (o111:nm, seven strains; o111:h8, three strains) in brazil were studied and compared to previously characterized human strains in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. most bovine stec o111 strains were isolated from dairy calves, and strains with genotypes stx1 alone and stx1/stx2 (variant stx2) occurred in different regions. irrespective of the stx genot ... | 2007 | 17049189 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 genomic regions conserved in strains with a genotype associated with human infection. | beta-glucuronidase-negative, sorbitol-nonfermenting isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 comprise part of a clone complex of related enterohemorrhagic e. coli isolates. high-resolution genotyping shows that the o157 populations have diverged into two different lineages that appear to have different ecologies. to identify genomic regions unique to the most common human-associated genotype, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna sequences present in two c ... | 2007 | 17056689 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| escherichia coli: on-farm contamination of animals. | escherichia coli is one of the main inhabitants of the intestinal tract of most mammalian species, including humans, and birds. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), also called verotoxinogenic e. coli, usually do not cause disease in animals but may cause watery diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and/or haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. zoonotic stec include the o157:h7 strains and, with increasing frequency, certain non-o157 strains. the importance of non-o157 zoonotic strains is probably u ... | 2006 | 17094697 |
| antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from dairy cattle. | a study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) t ... | 2007 | 17098918 |
| biochemical characterization of 1-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a unique medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. it has been used as a remedy for various diseases in folk medicine. antrodia camphorata has been shown to exhibit antioxidative effects. peroxiredoxins play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (1-cys prx), was identified in an expressed sequence tag database of the a. camphorata and cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the 1-cys prx cdna (837 b ... | 2007 | 17103164 |
| characterization of bacterial susceptibility isolates in sixteen dairy farms in taiwan. | bacteria were isolated from dairy cows, dairy farm environments, and dairy workers in 2 geographically different areas of eastern and northern taiwan. isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the phylogenetics of isolated escherichia coli o157:h7 were characterized. a total of 1,346 bacteria were identified, including 226 e. coli, 30 pseudomonas spp. (7 pseudomonas aeruginosa), 259 other gram-negative bacteria, 271 enterococcus spp., 314 staphylococcus spp., 195 streptococcus ... | 2006 | 17106089 |
| a simulation model to assess herd-level intervention strategies against e. coli o157. | a simulation model of a herd of grazing cattle, which has been developed to provide insight into the infection dynamics of e. coli o157 is described. the spatially explicit model enables the modelling of the infection transmission processes to be realistically addressed under field management conditions. the model is used to explore the efficacy of various potential control strategies in reducing the levels of within-herd infection. these measures include restricting the size of herds, niche eng ... | 2007 | 17109767 |
| n-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. | n-linked protein glycosylation is found in all domains of life. in eukaryotes, it is the most abundant protein modification of secretory and membrane proteins, and the process is coupled to protein translocation and folding. we found that in bacteria, n-glycosylation can occur independently of the protein translocation machinery. in an in vitro assay, bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase glycosylated a folded endogenous substrate protein with high efficiency and folded bovine ribonuclease a with ... | 2006 | 17110579 |
| occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous estonian dairy cows in different housing conditions. | objectives of the study were to document the impact of some management factors on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous dairy cows and to identify common udder pathogens of clinical mastitis in freshly calved heifers and multiparous cows on the day of calving. | 2006 | 17118174 |
| screening petting zoo animals for the presence of potentially pathogenic escherichia coli. | several outbreaks of escherichia coli o157 have been reported in petting zoos, resulting in hospitalization of many children. at present, no standard procedure has been adopted to monitor the presence of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) or shiga-toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in petting zoo animals. direct detection of these strains from rectal swabs of animals in petting zoos was developed and obviated the need to culture the organisms. dna extracted from bacteria in the swabs was tested for th ... | 2006 | 17121091 |
| vaccines against traveler's diarrhoea and rotavirus disease - a review. | diarrheal diseases constitute one of the most important health problems worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. children less than 5 years are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms. travelers to developing countries are also at risk to develop diarrheal disorders; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's diarrhea" caused by bacter ... | 2006 | 17131234 |
| characterization of ovine hepatic gene expression profiles in response to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide using a bovine cdna microarray. | during systemic gram-negative bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (lps) ligation to the hepatic toll-like receptor-4 complex induces the production of hepatic acute phase proteins that are involved in the host response to infection and limit the associated inflammatory process. identifying the genes that regulate this hepatic response to lps in ruminants may provide insight into the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases and eventually facilitate breeding of more disease resistant animals. the ... | 2006 | 17134499 |
| functional and structural aspects of poplar cytosolic and plastidial type a methionine sulfoxide reductases. | the genome of populus trichocarpa contains five methionine sulfoxide reductase a genes. here, both cytosolic (cmsra) and plastidial (pmsra) poplar msras were analyzed. the two recombinant enzymes are active in the reduction of methionine sulfoxide with either dithiothreitol or poplar thioredoxin as a reductant. in both enzymes, five cysteines, at positions 46, 81, 100, 196, and 202, are conserved. biochemical and enzymatic analyses of the cysteine-mutated msras support a catalytic mechanism invo ... | 2007 | 17135266 |
| dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to probe protein efflux through the mechanosensitive channel mscl. | the mechanosensitive channel protein of large conductance, mscl, from escherichia coli has been implicated in protein efflux, but the passage of proteins through the channel has never been demonstrated. we used dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to evaluate the efflux of fluorescent labeled compounds through mscl. the method correlates the fluctuations in intensity of fluorescent labeled membranes and encapsulated (macro)molecules (labeled with second fluorophore) for each liposome diffusing ... | 2007 | 17142294 |
| greater diversity of shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans. | escherichia coli o157:h7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a shiga toxin(s) (stx) encoded by bacteriophages. chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of e. coli o157:h7. stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. a total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isol ... | 2007 | 17142358 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (saha) beta-glucuronide and beta-galactoside for application in selective prodrug chemotherapy. | the beta-o-glucuronide and beta-o-galactoside of saha have been prepared and evaluated as prodrugs for selective cancer chemotherapy (adept, pmt). these new compounds are stable under physiological conditions and do not exhibit any antiproliferative activity compared to the parent drug after a 48-h treatment of h661 cells. the glucuronide derivative did not lead to the release of the drug in the presence of either escherichia coli or bovine liver beta-glucuronidase. on the other hand, under enzy ... | 2007 | 17157009 |
| relationships between the density of different indicator organisms on sheep and beef carcasses and in frozen beef and sheep meat. | to describe the relationship between the concentration of different indicator bacteria in red meat. | 2007 | 17184320 |
| phage types, virulence genes and pfge profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in lima (peru). | the present study was conducted in lima metropolitana to evaluate the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 in raw beef, raw ground beef, soft cheese and fresh vegetables, sampled at different markets in the city. between october 2000 and february 2001, 407 food samples were collected from different markets in the 42 districts of lima metropolitana. samples were assayed for e. coli o157 by selective enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth containing novobiocin, fol ... | 2007 | 17187886 |
| human lysozyme expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic dairy goats can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause mastitis and the cold-spoilage of milk. | the addition of human milk components with intrinsic antimicrobial activity to livestock milk by genetic engineering has the potential to benefit milk safety and production as well as the health of the lactating animal. as a model for the dairy cow, we generated transgenic goats that expressed human lysozyme in their milk at 68% of the levels found in human milk. milk from these transgenic animals had a bacteriostatic effect on both in vitro and in vivo growth of several microorganisms important ... | 2006 | 17199520 |
| seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants: a new hypothesis. | seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants is well documented; however, viable explanations for this phenomenon are lacking. the fecal prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in ruminants is the highest in the summer months, decreasing to low or undetectable levels in the winter. to determine if day length is correlated to seasonal shedding, nine reports of e. coli o157:h7 prevalence in cattle were selected for similarity of sampling technique, culture methodology, cattle type, and ability ... | 2006 | 17199523 |
| rectoanal junction colonization of feedlot cattle by escherichia coli o157:h7 and its association with supershedders and excretion dynamics. | feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (raj) colonization with escherichia coli o157:h7 to identify potential "supershedders." raj colonization and fecal excretion prevalences were correlated, and e. coli o157:h7 prevalences and counts were significantly greater for raj samples. based on a comparison of raj and fecal ratios of e. coli o157:h7/e. coli counts, the raj appears to be preferentially colonized by the o157:h7 serotype. five supershedders were identif ... | 2007 | 17220263 |
| the hinge region between two ubiquitin-like domains destabilizes recombinant isg15 in solution. | interferon-stimulated gene (isg) 15 mediates antiviral responses and also is upregulated within the endometrium in response to the developing embryo during early pregnancy. structurally, isg15 resembles two ubiquitin domains (30% identical) that are separated by a hinge region. recombinant (r) bovisg15 is not stable in solution. it was hypothesized that the hinge region contributed to the instability of rbovisg15. within 24 h of dialysis, rbovisg15 formed complexes as detected by reducing and de ... | 2007 | 17223698 |