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oxyr2 modulates oxyr1 activity and vibrio cholerae oxidative stress response.bacteria have developed capacities to deal with different stresses and adapt to different environmental niches. the human pathogen vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, utilizes the transcriptional regulator oxyr to activate genes related to oxidative stress resistance, including peroxiredoxin prxa, in response to hydrogen peroxide. in this study, we identified another oxyr homolog in v. cholerae, which we named oxyr2, and we renamed the previous oxyr oxyr ...201728138024
a cocktail of three virulent bacteriophages prevents vibrio cholerae infection in animal models.effective prevention strategies will be essential in reducing disease burden due to bacterial infections. here we harness the specificity and rapid-acting properties of bacteriophages as a potential prophylaxis therapy for cholera, a severely dehydrating disease caused by vibrio cholerae. to this end, we test a cocktail of three virulent phages in two animal models of cholera pathogenesis (infant mouse and rabbit models). oral administration of the phages up to 24 h before v. cholerae challenge ...201728146150
oxyr-activated expression of dps is important for vibrio cholerae oxidative stress resistance and pathogenesis.vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a dehydrating diarrheal disease. this gram-negative pathogen is able to modulate its gene expression in order to combat stresses encountered in both aquatic and host environments, including stress posed by reactive oxygen species (ros). in order to further the understanding of v. cholerae's transcriptional response to ros, we performed an rna sequencing analysis to determine the transcriptional profile of v. cholerae when exposed to hydrogen hyd ...201728151956
identification and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial enteropathogens from children aged 0-59 months at the university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia: a prospective cross sectional study.bacterial diarrhoeal disease is among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children 0-59 months at the university teaching hospital in lusaka, zambia. however, most cases are treated empirically without the knowledge of aetiological agents or antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. the aim of this study was, therefore, to identify bacterial causes of diarrhoea and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in stool specimens obtained from the children at the hospital.201728152988
antimicrobial effects of novel peptides cot2 and sot2 derived from crocodylus siamensis and pelodiscus sinensis ovotransferrins.in light of the increasing threat of bacterial drug resistance to human health on a global scale, research and development of antimicrobial peptides as a novel class of potent antibiotics has gained considerable attention. the present study focuses on the structural evaluation and membrane interaction of two new cationic antimicrobial peptides, cot2 and sot2, derived from siamese crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) and chinese softshell turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) ovotransferrins. here, cot1 (+3) ...201728159460
killing by type vi secretion drives genetic phase separation and correlates with increased cooperation.by nature of their small size, dense growth and frequent need for extracellular metabolism, microbes face persistent public goods dilemmas. genetic assortment is the only general solution stabilizing cooperation, but all known mechanisms structuring microbial populations depend on the availability of free space, an often unrealistic constraint. here we describe a class of self-organization that operates within densely packed bacterial populations. through mathematical modelling and experiments w ...201728165005
architecture of the vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus machine revealed by electron cryotomography.type iv pili (t4p) are filamentous appendages found on many bacteria and archaea. they are helical fibres of pilin proteins assembled by a multi-component macromolecular machine we call the basal body. based on pilin features, t4p are classified into type iva pili (t4ap) and type ivb pili (t4bp)(1,2). t4ap are more widespread and are involved in cell motility(3), dna transfer(4), host predation(5) and electron transfer(6). t4bp are less prevalent and are mainly found in enteropathogenic bacteria ...201728165453
paxvax cvd 103-hgr single-dose live oral cholera vaccine.cholera remains a problem in developing countries and a risk for travelers. hypochlorhydria, blood group o, cardiac and renal disease increase the risk of developing cholera gravis. oral vaccines containing inactivated vibrio cholerae and requiring two doses are available in some countries. no cholera vaccine had been available for u.s. travelers for decades until 2016 when cvd 103-hgr (vaxchora™), an oral live attenuated vaccine, was licensed by the u.s. fda. areas covered: enduring protection ...201728165831
insights into the ion-coupling mechanism in the mate transporter norm-vc.bacteria have developed a variety of different mechanisms to defend themselves from compounds that are toxic to them, such as antibiotics. one of these defence mechanisms is the expulsion of drugs or other noxious compounds by multidrug efflux pumps. multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) transporters are efflux pumps that extrude metabolic waste and a variety of antibiotics out of the cell, using an ion gradient as energy source. they function via an alternative-access mechanism. when io ...201728169223
the ins and outs of cyclic di-gmp signaling in vibrio cholerae.the second messenger nucleotide cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) governs many cellular processes in the facultative human pathogen vibrio cholerae. this organism copes with changing environmental conditions in aquatic environments and during transitions to and from human hosts. modulation of c-di-gmp allows v. cholerae to shift between motile and sessile stages of life, thus allowing adaptation to stressors and environmental conditions during its transmission cycle. the v. chole ...201728171809
conjugate vaccines from bacterial antigens by squaric acid chemistry: a closer look.by using o-sp-core (o-spcnh2 ) polysaccharide, isolated from vibrio cholera o1 lipopolysaccharide (lps) and related synthetic substances, a detailed study of factors that affect conjugation of bacterial polysaccharides to protein carriers through squaric acid chemistry to form conjugate vaccines has been carried out. several previously unrecognized processes that take place during the squarate labeling of the o-spcnh2 and subsequent conjugation of the formed squarate (o-spcnh-sqome) have been id ...201728182850
evolution of the immune response against recombinant proteins (tcpa, tcpb, and flaa) as a candidate subunit cholera vaccine.vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera and annually leads to death of thousands of people around the globe. two factors in the pathogenesis of this bacterium are its pili and flagella. the main subunits of pili tcpa, tcpb, and flaa are the constituent subunit of flagella. in this study, we studied the ability of pili and flagella subunits to stimulate immune responses in mice. after amplification of tcpa, tcpb, and flaa genes using pcr, they were cloned in expression plasmids. after p ...201728191473
a comparative study of cold- and warm-adapted endonucleases a using sequence analyses and molecular dynamics simulations.the psychrophilic and mesophilic endonucleases a (enda) from aliivibrio salmonicida (vsenda) and vibrio cholera (vcenda) have been studied experimentally in terms of the biophysical properties related to thermal adaptation. the analyses of their static x-ray structures was no sufficient to rationalize the determinants of their adaptive traits at the molecular level. thus, we used molecular dynamics (md) simulations to compare the two proteins and unveil their structural and dynamical differences ...201728192428
comparative genome analysis of vsp-ii and snps reveals heterogenic variation in contemporary strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from cholera patients in kolkata, india.cholera is an acute diarrheal disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries in asia, africa, and latin america. since the bay of bengal is considered the epicenter for the seventh cholera pandemic, it is important to understand the genetic dynamism of vibrio cholerae from kolkata, as a representative of the bengal region. we analyzed whole genome sequence data of v. cholerae o1 isolated from cholera patients in kolkata, india, from 2007 to 2014 and identified the heterog ...201728192431
systematic genetic dissection of pts in vibrio cholerae uncovers a novel glucose transporter and a limited role for pts during infection of a mammalian host.a common mechanism for high affinity carbohydrate uptake in microbial species is the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). this system consists of a shared component, ei, which is required for all pts transport, and numerous carbohydrate uptake transporters. in vibrio cholerae, there are 13 distinct pts transporters. due to genetic redundancy within this system, the carbohydrate specificity of each of these transporters is not currently defined. here, using multiplex gen ...201728196401
replication of vibrio cholerae classical ctx phage.the toxigenic classical and el tor biotype vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 strains are generated by lysogenization of host-type-specific cholera toxin phages (ctx phages). experimental evidence of the replication and transmission of an el tor biotype-specific ctx phage, ctx-1, has explained the evolution of v. cholerae el tor biotype strains. the generation of classical biotype strains has not been demonstrated in the laboratory, and the classical biotype-specific ctx phage, ctx-cla, is considered ...201728196886
repair of a bacterial small β-barrel toxin pore depends on channel width.membrane repair emerges as an innate defense protecting target cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins. here, we report the first paradigm of ca(2+)-dependent repair following attack by a small β-pore-forming toxin, namely, plasmid-encoded phobalysin of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in striking contrast, vibrio cholerae cytolysin, the closest ortholog of phobalysin, subverted repair. mutational analysis uncovered a role of channel width in toxicity and repair. thus, the replacement ...201728196960
attachment of 13 types of foodborne bacteria to jalapeño and serrano peppers and antibacterial effect of roselle calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid against these foodborne bacteria on peppers.chili peppers are a very important crop in mexico. however, these peppers have been associated with salmonella infection outbreaks in the united states, and salmonella and diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes have been isolated from jalapeño and serrano peppers in mexico. to decrease microbial contamination of fruits and vegetables, chemical agents are commonly used; however, chemical agents used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria on vegetables have a limited antimicrobial effect. roselle ( h ...201728199144
the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of cholera cases in iran during 2013.cholera is an endemic diarrheal disease in iran, caused by vibrio cholerae. the epidemiology, transmission route, environmental determinants and antimicrobial resistant pattern of cholera have been changed during recent years. in this study the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of cholera in iran during 2013 outbreak was investigated.201628210461
surface expression of helicobacter pylori hpaa adhesion antigen on vibrio cholerae, enhanced by co-expressed enterotoxigenic escherichia coli fimbrial antigens.helicobacter pylori infection can cause peptic ulceration and is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. this study aimed to construct and characterize a non-virulent vibrio cholerae o1 strain, which grows more rapidly than h. pylori, as vector for h. pylori antigens for possible use as a vaccine strain against h. pylori. this was done by recombinant expression of the h. pylori adhesion antigen hpaa alone or, as a proof of principle, together with different colonization factor (cf) antigens of e ...201728215587
structure and function of vibrio cholerae accessory cholera enterotoxin in presence of gold nanoparticles: dependence on morphology.accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace) is a classical enterotoxin produced by vibrio cholerae, the causative agent for cholera. considering the crucial role of ace in pathogenesis of cholera, we explored the modulation of structure/function of ace using gold nanoparticles (aunps) of different size and shape - spherical (auns10 and auns100, the number indicating the diameter in nm) and rod (aunr10).201728215703
structure and dynamics of type iii periplasmic proteins vcfhud and vchutb reveal molecular basis of their distinctive ligand binding properties.molecular mechanisms of xenosiderophore and heme acquisitions using periplasmic binding protein (pbp) dependent atp-binding cassette transporters to scavenge the essential nutrient iron are elusive yet in vibrio cholerae. our current study delineates the structures, dynamics and ligand binding properties of two type iii pbps of v. cholerae, vcfhud and vchutb. through crystal structures and fluorescence quenching studies we demonstrate unique features of vcfhud to bind both hydroxamate and catech ...201728216648
genetic characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from outbreaks between 2011 and 2015 in tanzania.cholera outbreaks have occurred in tanzania since 1974. to date, the genetic epidemiology of these outbreaks has not been assessed.201728219321
molecular detection of the three major pathogenic vibrio species from seafood products and sediments in tunisia using real-time pcr.vibrio spp. have emerged as a serious threat to human health worldwide. v. parahaemolyticus , v. cholerae , and v. vulnificus pose a considerable public health risk in tunisia because they cause sporadic and epidemic foodborne infections associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. more recently, toxr-positive v. alginolyticus was also reported to be a potential source of contaminated seafood. a total of 247 samples, including 113 fishes ( labrus viridis , penaeus ...201628221954
stringent factor and proteolysis control of sigma factor rpos expression in vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae can colonize the gastrointestinal track of humans and cause the disease cholera. during colonization, the alternative sigma factor, rpos, controls a process known as "mucosal escape response," defining a specific spatial and temporal response and effecting chemotaxis and motility. in this report, the expression and proteolytic control of rpos in v. cholerae was characterized. to date, aspects of proteolysis control, the involved components, and proteolysis regulation have not bee ...201728228329
whole-genome sequencing of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated in ukraine (2011) and russia (2014).here, we present the draft whole-genome sequence of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains 76 and m3265/80, isolated in mariupol, ukraine, and moscow, russia. the presence of various mutations detected in virulence-associated mobile elements indicates high genetic similarity of the strains reported here with new highly virulent variants of the cholera agent v. cholerae.201728232438
structural and biochemical studies on vibrio cholerae hsp31 reveals a novel dimeric form and glutathione-independent glyoxalase activity.vibrio cholerae experiences a highly hostile environment at human intestine which triggers the induction of various heat shock genes. the hcha gene product of v. cholerae o395, referred to a hypothetical intracellular protease/amidase vchsp31, is one such stress-inducible homodimeric protein. our current study demonstrates that vchsp31 is endowed with molecular chaperone, amidopeptidase and robust methylglyoxalase activities. through site directed mutagenesis coupled with biochemical assays on v ...201728235098
differential regulation of riboflavin supply genes in vibrio cholerae.riboflavin is the precursor of important redox cofactors such as flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and flavin adenine dinucleotide, required for several biological processes. vibrio cholerae, a pathogenic bacterium responsible for the cholera disease, possesses the ability to biosynthesize de novo as well as to uptake riboflavin through the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway (rbp) and the ribn importer, respectively. the intra-organism relationship between riboflavin biosynthesis and uptake functions has ...201728239422
transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of pst2 operon expression in vibrio cholerae o1.one of the most abundant proteins in v. cholerae o1 cells grown under inorganic phosphate (pi) limitation is psts, the periplasmic pi-binding component of the high-affinity pi transport system pst2 (pstscab), encoded in pst2 operon (psts-pstc2-psta2-pstb2). besides its role in pi uptake, pst2 has been also associated with v. cholerae virulence. however, the mechanisms regulating pst2 expression and the non-stoichiometric production of the pst2 components under pi-limitation are unknown. a comput ...201728242357
the proximity of ribosomal protein genes to oric enhances vibrio cholerae fitness in the absence of multifork replication.recent works suggest that bacterial gene order links chromosome structure to cell homeostasis. comparative genomics showed that, in fast-growing bacteria, ribosomal protein genes (rp) locate near the replication origin (oric). we recently showed that vibrio cholerae employs this positional bias as a growth optimization strategy: under fast-growth conditions, multifork replication increases rp dosage and expression. however, rp location may provide advantages in a dosage-independent manner: for e ...201728246358
the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond.type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ...201728264910
crispr-cas and contact-dependent secretion systems present on excisable pathogenicity islands with conserved recombination modules.pathogenicity islands (pais) are mobile integrated genetic elements that contain a diverse range of virulence factors. pais integrate into the host chromosome at a trna locus that contains their specific bacterial attachment site, attb, via integrase-mediated site-specific recombination generating attl and attr sites. we identified conserved recombination modules (integrases and att sites) previously described in choleragenic vibrio cholerae pais but with novel cargo genes. clustered regularly i ...201728264992
pandemics, pathogenicity and changing molecular epidemiology of cholera in the era of global warming.vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative, non-spore forming curved rod is found in diverse aquatic ecosystems around the planet. it is classified according to its major surface antigen into around 206 serogroups, of which o1 and o139 cause epidemic cholera. a recent spatial modelling technique estimated that around 2.86 million cholera cases occur globally every year, and of them approximately 95,000 die. about 1.3 billion people are currently at risk of infection from cholera. meta-analysis and mathema ...201728270154
vibrio cholerae o1 with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin isolated from a rural coastal area of bangladesh.cholera outbreaks occur each year in the remote coastal areas of bangladesh and epidemiological surveillance and routine monitoring of cholera in these areas is challenging. in this study, a total of 97 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from mathbaria, bangladesh, collected during 2010 and 2014 were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic traits, including antimicrobial susceptibility. of the 97 isolates, 95 possessed ctx-phage mediated genes, ctxa, ace, and zot, and two lacked the cholera toxin gene, c ...201728270803
vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide loaded chitosan nanoparticle could save life by induction of specific immunoglobulin isotype.the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) plays an important role in cholera disease and the induction of primary protection. in this study, we evaluate mice humoral immune response in intranasal and intraperitoneal administrated v. cholerae lps. the results showed that the intranasal administration of lps-chitosan nanoparticle induced the high level of antibodies compared to intraperitoneal injection of antigen without chitosan (p < .001). these results indicated that intran ...201728278575
an amoebal grazer of cyanobacteria requires cobalamin produced by heterotrophic bacteria.amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes that consume microbial prey through phagocytosis, playing a role in shaping microbial foodwebs. many amoebal species can be cultivated axenically in rich media or monoxenically with single bacterial prey species. here we characterize heterolobosean amoeba lpg3, a recent natural isolate, which is unable to grow on unicellular cyanobacteria, its primary food source, in the absence of a heterotrophic bacterium, a pseudomonas species coisolate. to investigate the m ...201728283521
fish as hosts of vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of pandemic cholera, is abundant in marine and freshwater environments. copepods and chironomids are natural reservoirs of this species. however, the ways v. cholerae is globally disseminated are as yet unknown. here we review the scientific literature that provides evidence for the possibility that some fish species may be reservoirs and vectors of v. cholerae. so far, v. cholerae has been isolated from 30 fish species (22 freshwater; 9 marine). v. cholerae ...201728293221
identification of the binding sites for ubiquinone and inhibitors in the na(+)-pumping nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase of vibrio cholerae by photoaffinity labeling.the na(+)-pumping nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain and the main ion transporter in many marine and pathogenic bacteria, including vibrio cholerae the v. cholerae na(+)-nqr has been extensively studied, but its binding sites for ubiquinone and inhibitors remain controversial. here, using a photoreactive ubiquinone puq-3 as well as two aurachin-type inhibitors [(125)i]pad-1 and [(125)i]pad-2 and photoaffinity labeling experiments on the isolated ...201728298441
late assembly of the vibrio cholerae cell division machinery postpones septation to the last 10% of the cell cycle.bacterial cell division is a highly regulated process, which involves the formation of a complex apparatus, the divisome, by over a dozen proteins. in the few model bacteria in which the division process was detailed, divisome assembly occurs in two distinct steps: a few proteins, including the ftsz tubulin-like protein, form a membrane associated contractile ring, the z-ring, at ~30% of the cell cycle. the z-ring serves as a scaffold for the recruitment of a second series of proteins, including ...201728300142
cholera.cholera is an acute, watery diarrhoeal disease caused by vibrio cholerae of the o1 or o139 serogroups. in the past two centuries, cholera has emerged and spread from the ganges delta six times and from indonesia once to cause global pandemics. rational approaches to the case management of cholera with oral and intravenous rehydration therapy have reduced the case fatality of cholera from more than 50% to much less than 1%. despite improvements in water quality, sanitation, and hygiene, as well a ...201728302312
synthesis and human/bacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibition with a series of sulfonamides incorporating phthalimido moieties.a series of sulfonamides was obtained by reacting substituted-2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carboxamido)benzoic acids with aromatic sulfonamides incorporating primary amino moieties. the new compounds were investigated as inhibitor of four carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) isoforms, the human (h) hca i and ii, and the α- and β-class cas from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, vchcaα and vhccaβ. hca i was effectively inhibited by the new sulfonamides, with inhibition constants ...201728318894
a vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation.quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-cell communication process that enables bacteria to track cell population density and orchestrate collective behaviors. qs relies on the production and detection of, and the response to, extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. in vibrio cholerae, multiple qs circuits control pathogenesis and biofilm formation. here, we identify and characterize a new qs autoinducer-receptor pair. the autoinducer is 3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-ol (dpo). dpo is made from threoni ...201728319101
induction of immunomodulatory mir-146a and mir-155 in small intestinal epithelium of vibrio cholerae infected patients at acute stage of cholera.the potential immunomodulatory role of micrornas in small intestine of patients with acute watery diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae o1 or enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infection was investigated. duodenal biopsies were obtained from study-participants at the acute (day 2) and convalescent (day 21) stages of disease, and from healthy individuals. levels of mir-146a, mir-155 and mir-375 and target gene (irak1, traf6, card10) and 11 cytokine mrnas were determined by qrt-pcr. the cellular ...201728319200
occurrence and virulence properties of vibrio and salinivibrio isolates from tropical lagoons of the southern caribbean sea.the vibrionaceae are gram-negative bacteria present in marine and estuarine environments worldwide, including several species known as important pathogens to humans and aquatic organisms. the aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence and virulence properties of vibrio and salinivibrio isolated from lagoons at cuare wildlife refuge and margarita island in the southern caribbean sea. water, plankton and oyster samples were collected during october 2011 and march 2012 and examined by s ...201728324231
sequential displacement of type vi secretion system effector genes leads to evolution of diverse immunity gene arrays in vibrio cholerae.type vi secretion systems (t6ss) enable bacteria to engage neighboring cells in contact-dependent competition. in vibrio cholerae, three chromosomal clusters each encode a pair of effector and immunity genes downstream of those encoding the t6ss structural machinery for effector delivery. different combinations of effector-immunity proteins lead to competition between strains of v. cholerae, which are thought to be protected only from the toxicity of their own effectors. screening of all publica ...201728327641
biological properties and chemical composition of jatropha neopauciflora pax.ethnopharmacological relevance. jatropha neopauciflora (pax) is an endemic species of the tehuacan- cuicatlan valley, mexico. this species has long been used as a remedy to alleviate illnesses of bacterial, fungal and viral origin. aim of the study. experimentally test the traditional use of jatropha neopauciflora in mexican traditional medicine.201728331913
a new class of inhibitors of the arac family virulence regulator vibrio cholerae toxt.vibrio cholerae is responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera that infects millions of people worldwide. while vaccines protecting against cholera exist, and oral rehydration therapy is an effective treatment method, the disease will remain a global health threat until long-term solutions such as improved sanitation and access to clean water become widely available. because of this, there is a pressing need for potent therapeutics that can either mitigate cholera symptoms, or act prophylactic ...201728332578
ribosome-dependent vibrio cholerae mrnase higb2 is regulated by a β-strand sliding mechanism.toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules are small operons involved in bacterial stress response and persistence. higba operons form a family of ta modules with an inverted gene organization and a toxin belonging to the rele/pare superfamily. here, we present the crystal structures of chromosomally encoded vibrio cholerae antitoxin (vchiga2), toxin (vchigb2) and their complex, which show significant differences in structure and mechanisms of function compared to the higba module from plasmid rts1, the defin ...201728334932
chloroform-free permeabilization for improved detection of β-galactosidase activity in vibrio cholerae.lacz (β-galactosidase) is used to monitor the transcription of genes in reporter strains carrying the lacz gene under the control of a promotor of interest. this protocol for lacz activity determinations in vibrio cholerae following detergent lysis results in 2.5-fold increase of lacz activities compared to lysis with chloroform.201728336461
environmental fluctuation governs selection for plasticity in biofilm production.bacteria can grow in a free-swimming state, as planktonic cells, or in surface-attached communities, termed biofilms. the planktonic and biofilm growth modes differ dramatically with respect to spatial constraints, nutrient access, population density and cell-cell interactions. fitness trade-offs underlie how successfully bacteria compete in each of these environments. accordingly, some bacteria have evolved to be specialists in biofilm formation, while others specialize in planktonic growth. th ...201728338673
vibrio cholerae vcib mediates iron reduction.vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. v. cholerae thrives within the human host where it replicates to high numbers but also persists within the aquatic environments of ocean and brackish water. to survive within these nutritionally diverse environments, v. cholerae must encode the necessary tools to acquire the essential nutrient iron in all forms it may encounter. a prior study of systems involved in iron transport in v. cholerae revealed the existence ...201728348025
non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicaemia in a saudi man: a case report.background. the non-o1/non-o139 serogroups of vibrio cholerae occur in diverse natural niches, and usually cause mild and self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. however, they have well-documented potential to cause invasive and extra-intestinal infections among immunocompromised patients. furthermore, their ability to grow in low-salinity surface water, and the existence of asymptomatic human carriers, suggest novel acquisition routes for this unusual infection, even in people without obvious r ...201728348803
iron chelators inhibit the heme-degradation reaction by hutz from vibrio cholerae.hutz is a heme-degrading enzyme. we found that the heme-degradation reaction by hutz is inhibited by the iron chelators. kinetic analysis of each heme-degradation step suggests that water molecules hydrogen bonded to thr27 are involved in proton transfer to fe(iii)-oo(-), and that this step is inhibited by iron chelators.201728352909
fast growth conditions uncouple the final stages of chromosome segregation and cell division in escherichia coli.homologous recombination between the circular chromosomes of bacteria can generate chromosome dimers. they are resolved by a recombination event at a specific site in the replication terminus of chromosomes, dif, by dedicated tyrosine recombinases. the reaction is under the control of a cell division protein, ftsk, which assembles into active dna pumps at mid-cell during septum formation. previous studies suggested that activation of xer recombination at dif was restricted to chromosome dimers i ...201728358835
mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens.pseudoalteromonas piscicida are gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in the marine environment. three strains of pigmented p. piscicida were isolated from seawater and partially characterized by inhibition studies, electron microscopy, and proteolytic enzyme production. growth inhibition and death occurred around colonies of p. piscicida on lawns of the naturally-occurring marine pathogens vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, photobacterium damselae and shewanella algae inhibi ...201728363962
xer site specific recombination: double and single recombinase systems.the separation and segregation of newly replicated bacterial chromosomes can be constrained by the formation of circular chromosome dimers caused by crossing over during homologous recombination events. in escherichia coli and most bacteria, dimers are resolved to monomers by site-specific recombination, a process performed by two chromosomally encoded tyrosine recombinases (xerc and xerd). xercd recombinases act at a 28 bp recombination site dif, which is located at the replication terminus reg ...201728373867
vope, a vibrio cholerae type iii effector, attenuates the activation of cwi-mapk pathway in yeast model system.vope, a mitochondrial targeting t3ss effector protein of vibrio cholerae, perturbs innate immunity by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. in the current study, ectopic expression of vope was found to be toxic in a yeast model system and toxicity was further aggravated in the presence of various stressors. interestingly, a vope variant lacking predicted mitochondrial targeting sequence (mts) also exhibited partial lethality in the yeast system. with the aid of yeast genetic tools and different str ...201728373966
an electrochemical strategy using multifunctional nanoconjugates for efficient simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157: h7 and vibrio cholerae o1.the rapid and accurate quantification of the pathogenic bacteria is extremely critical to decrease the bacterial infections in all areas related to health and safety. we have developed an electrochemical strategy for simultaneous ultrasensitive detection of e. coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o1. this approach was based on the specific immune recognition of different pathogenic bacteria by multifunctional nanoconjugates and subsequent signal amplification. by employing the proposed biosensor, th ...201728382165
chemotactic behaviors of vibrio cholerae cells.vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, swims in aqueous environments with a single polar flagellum. in a spatial gradient of a chemical, the bacterium can migrate in "favorable" directions, a property that is termed chemotaxis. the chemotaxis of v. cholerae is not only critical for survival in various environments and but also is implicated in pathogenicity. in this chapter, we describe how to characterize the chemotactic behaviors of v. cholerae: these methods include swarm assay, tem ...201728389961
3-amino 1,8-naphthalimide, a structural analog of the anti-cholera drug virstatin inhibits chemically-biased swimming and swarming motility in vibrios.a screen for inhibitors of vibrio cholerae motility identified the compound 3-amino 1,8-naphthalimide (3-a18ni), a structural analog of the cholera drug virstatin. similar to virstatin, 3-a18ni diminished cholera toxin production. in contrast, 3-a18ni impeded swimming and/or swarming motility of v. cholerae and v. parahemolyticus suggesting that it could target the chemotaxis pathway shared by the polar and lateral flagellar system of vibrios. 3-a18ni did not inhibit the expression of v. cholera ...201728392408
cholera returns to southern vietnam in an outbreak associated with consuming unsafe water through iced tea: a matched case-control study.after more than a decade of steadily declining notifications, the number of reported cholera cases has recently increased in vietnam. we conducted a matched case-control study to investigate transmission of cholera during an outbreak in ben tre, southern vietnam, and to explore the associated risk factors.201728406946
antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of the sxt element in vibrio cholerae from clinical and environmental water samples in northeastern thailand.multidrug resistance in v. cholerae has been increasing around the world including northeastern thailand. the aquatic environment is a reservoir of v. cholerae and might be an important source of resistant strains. the aims of this study were to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of intsxt gene sequences from 31 clinical and 14 environmental v. cholerae o1 and non-o1/non-o139 isolates and 11 sequences amplified directly from environmental water samples. we also amplified class 1 integron ...201728412524
the dnak chaperone uses different mechanisms to promote and inhibit replication of vibrio cholerae chromosome 2.replication of vibrio cholerae chromosome 2 (chr2) depends on molecular chaperone dnak to facilitate binding of the initiator (rctb) to the replication origin. the binding occurs at two kinds of site, 12-mers and 39-mers, which promote and inhibit replication, respectively. here we show that dnak employs different mechanisms to enhance the two kinds of binding. we found that mutations in rctb that reduce dnak binding also reduce 12-mer binding and initiation. the initiation defect is suppressed ...201728420739
development of a novel rationally designed antibiotic to inhibit a nontraditional bacterial target.the search for new nontraditional targets is a high priority in antibiotic design today. bacterial membrane energetics based on sodium ion circulation offers potential alternative targets. the present work identifies the na(+)-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), a key respiratory enzyme in many microbial pathogens, as indispensible for the chlamydia trachomatis infectious process. infection by chlamydia trachomatis significantly increased first h(+) and then na(+) levels wi ...201728425301
crystal structure of the regulatory domain of aphb from vibrio vulnificus, a virulence gene regulator.the transcriptional activator aphb has been implicated in acid resistance and pathogenesis in the food borne pathogens vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae. to date, the full-length aphb crystal structure of v. cholerae has been determined and characterized by a tetrameric assembly of aphb consisting of a dna binding domain and a regulatory domain (rd). although acidic ph and low oxygen tension might be involved in the activation of aphb, it remains unknown which ligand or stimulus activates ap ...201728427249
modulation of the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from vibrio cholerae by allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by a. sativum extract.the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern. multidrug-resistant v. cholerae variants may reduce chemotherapeutic efficacies of severe cholera. we previously reported that the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from v. cholerae confers resistance to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobials. medicinal plant compounds are potential candidates for emrd-3 efflux pump modulation. the antibacterial activities of garlic allium sativum, although poorly understood, predicts ...201728432381
the iron chaperone protein cyay from vibrio cholerae is a heme-binding protein.cyay is an iron transport protein for iron-sulfur (fe-s) cluster biosynthetic systems. it also transports iron to ferrochelatase that catalyzes insertion of fe(2+) into protoporphyrin ix. here, we find that cyay has the ability to bind heme as well as iron, exhibiting an apparent dissociation constant for heme of 21 ± 6 nm. absorption and resonance raman spectra revealed that both ferric and ferrous forms of heme were bound to an anionic ligand (e.g., tyrosine and/or cysteine). consistent with t ...201728436221
structure and function of the divalent anion/na(+) symporter from vibrio cholerae and a humanized variant.integral membrane proteins of the divalent anion/na(+) symporter (dass) family translocate dicarboxylate, tricarboxylate or sulphate across cell membranes, typically by utilizing the preexisting na(+) gradient. the molecular determinants for substrate recognition by dass remain obscure, largely owing to the absence of any substrate-bound dass structure. here we present 2.8-å resolution x-ray structures of vcindy, a dass from vibrio cholerae that catalyses the co-transport of na(+) and succinate. ...201728436435
treatment with entinostat heals experimental cholera by affecting physical and chemical barrier functions of intestinal epithelia.we have shown previously that oral treatment with sodium butyrate or phenylbutyrate in an experimental model of shigellosis improves clinical outcomes and induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cap-18 in the large intestinal epithelia. in a subsequent study, we found that entinostat, an aroylated phenylenediamine compound, has similar therapeutic potential against shigellosis. in this study, we aimed to evaluate entinostat as a potential candidate for host-directed therapy against c ...201728438947
repurposing a two-component system-based biosensor for the killing of vibrio cholerae.new strategies to control cholera are urgently needed. this study develops an in vitro proof-of-concept sense-and-kill system in a wild-type escherichia coli strain to target the causative pathogen vibrio cholerae using a synthetic biology approach. our engineered e. coli specifically detects v. cholerae via its quorum-sensing molecule cai-1 and responds by expressing the lysis protein yebf-art-085, thereby self-lysing to release the killing protein art-085 to kill v. cholerae. for this report, ...201728441472
rstb regulates expression of the photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae major virulence factors damselysin, phobalysin p and phobalysin c.the marine pathogenic bacterium photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae causes septicemia in marine animals and in humans. the pphdd1 plasmid-encoded hemolysins damselysin (dly) and phobalysin p (phlyp), and the chromosome-encoded hemolysin phobalysin c (phlyc) constitute its main virulence factors. however, the mechanisms by which expression of these three hemolysins is regulated remain unknown. here we report the isolation of a mini-tn10 transposon mutant which showed a strong impairment in it ...201728443076
determinants of severe dehydration from diarrheal disease at hospital presentation: evidence from 22 years of admissions in bangladesh.to take advantage of emerging opportunities to reduce morbidity and mortality from diarrheal disease, we need to better understand the determinants of life-threatening severe dehydration (sd) in resource-poor settings.201728448489
glucose-specific enzyme iia of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system modulates chitin signaling pathways in vibrio cholerae.in vibrio cholerae, the genes required for chitin utilization and natural competence are governed by the chitin-responsive two-component system (tcs) sensor kinase chis. in the classical tcs paradigm, a sensor kinase specifically phosphorylates a cognate response regulator to activate gene expression. however, our previous genetic study suggested that chis stimulates the non-tcs transcriptional regulator tfos by using mechanisms distinct from classical phosphorylation reactions (s. yamamoto, j. ...201728461445
bile salts and alkaline ph reciprocally modulate the interaction between the periplasmic domains of vibrio cholerae toxr and toxs.toxr is a transmembrane transcription factor that is essential for virulence gene expression and human colonization by vibrio cholerae. toxr requires its operon partner toxs, a periplasmic integral membrane protein, for full activity. these two proteins are thought to interact through their respective periplasmic domains, toxrp and toxsp. in addition, toxr is thought to be responsive to various environmental cues, such as bile salts and alkaline ph, but how these factors influence toxr is not ye ...201728464377
detection of cholera toxin by an immunochromatographic test strip.as cholera toxin (ct) is responsible for most of the symptoms induced by vibrio cholerae o1 or o139 infection, detection of ct is an important biomarker for diagnosis of the disease. the procedure for pathogenicity analysis of v. cholerae isolates must be carefully developed for the reason that the amount of ct produced by v. cholerae varies according to the medium used and culture conditions (i.e. temperature and aeration status) applied. here we describe a reproducible rapid method for analysi ...201728478552
treatment of diarrhoea using traditional medicines: contemporary research in south africa and zimbabwe.gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea in particular remain a major concern in south africa and zimbabwe resulting in high mortality rates when left untreated. this investigation was aimed at documenting herbal medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in south africa and zimbabwe.201628480353
heme proximal hydrogen bonding between his170 and asp132 plays an essential role in the heme degradation reaction of hutz from vibrio cholerae.hutz from vibrio cholerae is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent degradation of heme. the crystal structure of the homologous protein from helicobacter pylori, hugz, predicts that asp132 in hutz is located within hydrogen-bonding distance of the heme axial ligand his170. hydrogen bonding between his170 and asp132 appears to be disfavored in heme-degrading enzymes, because it can contribute to the imidazolate character of the axial histidine, as observed in most heme-containing peroxida ...201728481076
recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of cholera vaccine.cholera, caused by infection with toxigenic vibrio cholerae bacteria of serogroup o1 (>99% of global cases) or o139, is characterized by watery diarrhea that can be severe and rapidly fatal without prompt rehydration. cholera is endemic in approximately 60 countries and causes epidemics as well. globally, cholera results in an estimated 2.9 million cases of disease and 95,000 deaths annually (1). cholera is rare in the united states, and most u.s. cases occur among travelers to countries where c ...201728493859
sialylation facilitates self-assembly of 3d multicellular prostaspheres by using cyclo-rgdfk(tpp) peptide.prostaspheres-based three dimensional (3d) culture models have provided insight into prostate cancer (pca) biology, highlighting the importance of cell-cell interactions and the extracellular matrix (emc) in the tumor microenvironment. although these 3d classical spheroid platforms provide a significant advance over 2d models mimicking in vivo tumors, the limitations involve no control of assembly and structure with only limited spatial or glandular organization. here, matrix-free prostaspheres ...201728496342
structural studies of the periplasmic portion of the diguanylate cyclase cdgh from vibrio cholerae.cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-gmp) is a second messenger involved in bacterial signal transduction and produced by diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) generally containing highly variable periplasmic signal-recognition domains. cdgh is a dgc enzyme that regulates rugosity associated phenotypes in vibrio cholerae. cdgh has two n-terminal tandem periplasmic substrate-binding (pbpb) domains for its signal recognition; however, the role of the tandem pbpb domains remains unclear. here, we reported ...201728500346
class enzyme-based motors for "on the fly" enantiomer analysis of amino acids.here, two class-enzyme motors are properly designed allowing the rapid dispersion of the class-enzyme d-amino acid oxidase (dao) and l-amino acid oxidase (lao) for selective "on the fly" biodetection of d and l-amino acids (aas), respectively. the efficient movement together with the continuous release of fresh class-enzyme leads to a greatly accelerated enzymatic reaction processes without the need of external stirring or chemical and physical attachment of the enzyme. ultra-fast detection (<2m ...201728505561
preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan and phosphorylated chitosan from cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis (hoyle, 1885).chitosan is a commercially available derivative of chitin that has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties. in order to improve the water solubility and its biological activity, the chemical modification or derivatisation is attempted. in the present investigation, the chitosan prepared from the cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis was being chemically modified by reacting it with orthophosphoric acid so as to obtain phosphorylated chitosan. then the chitosan and phosphorylated chitos ...201628507912
the vibrio cholerae vexgh rnd efflux system maintains cellular homeostasis by effluxing vibriobactin.resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) superfamily efflux systems have been widely studied for their role in antibiotic resistance, but their native biological functions remain poorly understood. we previously showed that loss of rnd-mediated efflux in vibrio cholerae resulted in activation of the cpx two-component regulatory system, which mediates adaptation to stress resulting from misfolded membrane proteins. here, we investigated the mechanism linking rnd-mediated efflux to the cpx response. w ...201728512090
erratum: a vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation. 201728514430
a novel role of listeria monocytogenes membrane vesicles in inhibition of autophagy and cell death.bacterial membrane vesicle (mv) production has been mainly studied in gram-negative species. in this study, we show that listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive pathogen that causes the food-borne illness listeriosis, produces mvs both in vitro and in vivo. we found that a major virulence factor, the pore-forming hemolysin listeriolysin o (llo), is tightly associated with the mvs, where it resides in an oxidized, inactive state. previous studies have shown that llo may induce cell death and auto ...201728516064
antimicrobial resistance risks of cholera prophylaxis for united nations peacekeepers.more than 5 years after a united nations peacekeeping battalion introduced cholera to haiti, over 150,000 peacekeepers continue to be deployed annually from countries where cholera is endemic. the united nations has thus far declined to provide antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis to peacekeepers, a policy based largely on concerns that the risks of drug resistance generation and spread would outweigh the potential benefits of preventing future cholera importations. in this study, we sought to better ...201728533237
plasma and mucosal immunoglobulin m, immunoglobulin a, and immunoglobulin g responses to the vibrio cholerae o1 protein immunome in adults with cholera in bangladesh.cholera is a severe dehydrating illness of humans caused by toxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae o1 or o139. identification of immunogenic v. cholerae antigens could lead to a better understanding of protective immunity in human cholera.201728535267
antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antidiarrheal properties from the flowers of chiranthodendron pentadactylon and isolated flavonoids.chiranthodendron pentadactylon larreat. (sterculiaceae) is a mexican plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of heart disease symptoms and infectious diarrhea.201728539715
regulation of acetyl-coa synthetase transcription by the crbs/r two-component system is conserved in genetically diverse environmental pathogens.the crbs/r two-component signal transduction system is a conserved regulatory mechanism through which specific gram-negative bacteria control acetate flux into primary metabolic pathways. crbs/r governs expression of acetyl-coa synthase (acsa), an enzyme that converts acetate to acetyl-coa, a metabolite at the nexus of the cell's most important energy-harvesting and biosynthetic reactions. during infection, bacteria can utilize this system to hijack host acetate metabolism and alter the course o ...201728542616
histo-blood group antigens as mediators of infections.the critical first step of a microbial infection is usually the attachment of pathogens to host cell glycans. targets on host tissues are in particular the histo-blood group antigens (hbgas), which are present in rich diversity in the mucus layer and on the underlying mucosa. recent structural and functional studies have revealed significant new insight into the molecular mechanisms, explaining why individuals with certain blood groups are at increased risk of some infections. the most prominent ...201728544984
complete genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage vpusm 8 against o1 el tor inaba vibrio cholerae.the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage vpusm 8 against o1 el tor inaba vibrio cholerae is reported here. the isolated vpusm 8 has potential use in future phage therapy or as a biocontrol agent for the prevention and treatment of cholera.201728546472
asymmetric regulation of quorum-sensing receptors drives autoinducer-specific gene expression programs in vibrio cholerae.quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism of chemical communication that bacteria use to monitor cell-population density and coordinate group behaviors. qs relies on the production, detection, and group-wide response to extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. vibrio cholerae employs parallel qs circuits that converge into a shared signaling pathway. at high cell density, the cqss and luxpq qs receptors detect the intra-genus and inter-species autoinducers cai-1 and ai-2, respectively, to re ...201728552952
identification of atypical el torv. cholerae o1 ogawa hosting sxt element in senegal, africa.vibrio cholerae o1 is the causative agent of cholera with classical and el tor, two well-established biotypes. in last 20 years, hybrid strains of classical and el tor and variant el tor which carry classical ctxb have emerged worldwide. in 2004-2005, senegal experienced major cholera epidemic with a number of cases totalling more than 31719 with approximately 458 fatal outcomes (cfr, 1.44%). in this retrospective study, fifty isolates out of a total of 403 v. cholerae biotype el tor serovar oga ...201728555129
inhibition of the α-carbonic anhydrase from vibrio cholerae with amides and sulfonamides incorporating imidazole moieties.we discovered novel and selective sulfonamides/amides acting as inhibitors of the α-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae (vchca). this gram-negative bacterium is the causative agent of cholera and colonises the upper small intestine where sodium bicarbonate is present at a high concentration. the secondary sulfonamides and amides investigated here were potent, low nanomolar vchca inhibitors whereas their inhibition of the human cytosolic isoforms ca i ...201728569564
environmental vibrio cholerae non o1/ non o139 from the gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview.diarrhoea still remains an unsolved enigma in developing countries, a major concern for the health planners. we targeted the abundance and toxicity of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 (novc) in gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. a total of 74 v. cholerae were isolated from 120 water samples (68 novc, 6 v. cholerae o1) from two sampling sites off river ganges. v. cholerae showed distinct seasonality, with steady increase from summer to monsoon, steep ascent in post-monsoon and an abrupt declin ...201728574285
enhancing multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (mugent) via inactivation of ssdna exonucleases.recently, we described a method for multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (mugent). mutant constructs for mugent require large arms of homology (>2000 bp) surrounding each genome edit, which necessitates laborious in vitro dna splicing. in vibrio cholerae, we uncover that this requirement is due to cytoplasmic ssdna exonucleases, which inhibit natural transformation. in ssdna exonuclease mutants, one arm of homology can be reduced to as little as 40 bp while still promoting integrat ...201728575400
evaluation of synergy and bacterial regrowth in photocatalytic ozonation disinfection of municipal wastewater.the use of solar and ultraviolet titanium dioxide photocatalytic ozonation processes to inactivate waterborne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella species, shigella species and vibrio cholerae) in synthetic water and secondary municipal wastewater effluent is presented. the performance indicators were bacterial inactivation efficiency, post-disinfection regrowth and synergy effects (collaboration) between ozonation and photocatalysis (photocatalytic ozonation). photocatalytic ozonation effect ...201728577398
effect of dietary minerals on virulence attributes of vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae is a water-borne pathogen responsible for causing a toxin-mediated profuse diarrhea in humans, leading to severe dehydration and death in unattended patients. with increasing reports of antibiotic resistance in v. cholerae, there is a need for alternate interventional strategies for controlling cholera. a potential new strategy for treating infectious diseases involves targeting bacterial virulence rather than growth, where a pathogen's specific mechanisms critical for causing in ...201728579983
development and validation of a novel real-time assay for the detection and quantification of vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 has been known for its ability to cause epidemics. these strains produce cholera toxin which is the main cause of secretory diarrhea. v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 strains are also capable of causing gastroenteritis as well as septicemia and peritonitis. it has been proven that virulence factors such as t6ss, hapa, rtxa, and hlya are present in almost all v. cholerae strains. it is imperative that viable but non-culturable cells of v. cholerae are also detected sinc ...201728580353
vibrio cholerae ensures function of host proteins required for virulence through consumption of luminal methionine sulfoxide.vibrio cholerae is a diarrheal pathogen that induces accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes, leading to lethal infection of the model host drosophila melanogaster. through untargeted lipidomics, we provide evidence that this process is the product of a host phospholipid degradation cascade that induces lipid droplet coalescence in enterocytes. this infection-induced cascade is inhibited by mutation of the v. cholerae glycine cleavage system due to intestinal accumulation of methionine sul ...201728586382
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