Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| cholera toxin promotes th17 cell differentiation by modulating expression of polarizing cytokines and the antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells. | cholera toxin (ct), an exotoxin produced by vibrio cholera, acts as a mucosal adjuvant. in a previous study, we showed that ct skews differentiation of cd4 t cells to il-17-producing th17 cells. here, we found that intranasal administration of ct induced migration of migratory dendritic cell (dc) populations, cd103+ dcs and cd11bhi dcs, to the lung draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medln). among those dc subsets, cd11bhi dcs that were relatively immature had a major role in th17 cell differentia ... | 2016 | 27271559 |
| cholera outbreak caused by drug resistant vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 biotype eltor serotype ogawa in nepal; a cross-sectional study. | cholera is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries including nepal. recently drug resistance in vibrio cholerae has become a serious problem mainly in developing countries. the main objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of vibrio cholerae in stool samples from patients with watery diarrhea and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of v. cholerae isolates. | 2016 | 27274815 |
| anion inhibition profiles of α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. | among the numerous metalloenzymes known to date, carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) was the first zinc containing one, being discovered decades ago. ca is a hydro-lyase, which catalyzes the following hydration-dehydration reaction: co2+h2o⇋hco3(-)+h(+). several ca classes are presently known, including the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-cas. in prokaryotes, the existence of genes encoding cas from at least three classes (α-, β- and γ-class) suggests that these enzymes play a key role in the physiolog ... | 2016 | 27283786 |
| quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) shows increased public health risk associated with exposure to river water under conditions of riverbed sediment resuspension. | although higher microbial concentrations have been reported in sediments than in the overlying water column, most quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) studies have not clearly indicated the contribution of sediment-borne pathogens to estimated risks. thus, the present study aimed at determining the public health risk associated with exposure to pathogenic bacteria in polluted river water under undisturbed conditions and conditions of sediment resuspension in the apies river, gauteng, so ... | 2016 | 27297265 |
| phenotypic analysis reveals that the 2010 haiti cholera epidemic is linked to a hypervirulent strain. | vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains have been responsible for pandemic cholera since 1961. these strains have evolved over time, spreading globally in three separate waves. wave 3 is caused by altered el tor (aet) variant strains, which include the strain with the signature ctxb7 allele that was introduced in 2010 into haiti, where it caused a devastating epidemic. in this study, we used phenotypic analysis to compare an early isolate from the haiti epidemic to wave 1 el tor isolates commonly used ... | 2016 | 27297393 |
| characterization of v. cholerae t3ss-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. | am-19226 is a pathogenic, non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strain of vibrio cholerae that uses a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) mediated mechanism to colonize host tissues and disrupt homeostasis, causing cholera. co-culturing the caco2-bbe human intestinal epithelial cell line with am-19226 in the presence of bile results in rapid mammalian cell death that requires a functional t3ss. we examined the role of bile, sought to identify the mechanism, and evaluated the contributions of t3ss translocated ef ... | 2016 | 27302486 |
| pf filamentous phage requires uvrd for replication in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pf is a lysogenic filamentous phage that promotes biofilm development in pseudomonas aeruginosa. pf replicates by a rolling circle replication system which depends on a phage-encoded initiator protein and host factors usually involved in chromosome replication. rep, an accessory replicative dna helicase, is crucial for replication of filamentous phages in escherichia coli. in contrast, here we show that, instead of depending on rep, pf replication depends on uvrd, an accessory helicase implicate ... | 2016 | 27303696 |
| circulation of a quorum-sensing-impaired variant of vibrio cholerae strain c6706 masks important phenotypes. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a model organism for studying virulence regulation, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and the cell-to-cell communication known as quorum sensing (qs). as in any research field, discrepancies between data from diverse laboratories are sometimes observed for v. cholerae. such discrepancies are often caused by the use of diverse patient or environmental isolates. in this study, we investigated the inability of a few laboratories to repr ... | 2017 | 27303743 |
| genetic relatedness of selected clinical vibrio cholerae o139 isolates from the southern coastal area of china over a 20-year period. | vibrio cholerae o139 emerged as a causative agent of epidemic cholera in 1992 in india and bangladesh, and was subsequently reported in china in 1993. the genetic relatedness and molecular characteristics of v. cholerae o139 in guangdong province, located in the southern coastal area of china, remains undetermined. in this study, we investigated 136 clinical v. cholerae o139 isolates from 1993 to 2013 in guangdong. by conventional pcr, 123 (90·4%) isolates were positive for ctxb, ace and zot. se ... | 2016 | 27305977 |
| production of n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase by vibrio cholerae non-o1. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 (1148 a) produced β-n-acetylglucosamini-dase and n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) deacetylase intracellularly when grown in chitin or glcnac containing medium. it also secreted chitinase only in the chitin-containing medium. the partially purified glcnac deacetylase deacetylated glcnac but not chitin oligosaccharides, the dimer to hexamer of glcnac. we also detected the reaction product by capillary electrophoresis. | 1994 | 27315721 |
| vibrio cholerae gbpa elicits necrotic cell death in intestinal cells. | vibrio choleraen-acetylglucosamine-binding protein gbpa is a secretory protein that facilitates the initial adherence of bacteria in the human intestine. until now, considerable progress in the characterization of gbpa has been done, yet little is known about its role in host response. our present studies demonstrated that gbpa at the amount secreted in the intestine resulted in decreased cell viability, altered cell morphology, disruption of cell membrane integrity and damage of cellular dna in ... | 2016 | 27324251 |
| the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase enhances oxidative stress in the cytoplasm of vibrio cholerae. | we searched for a source of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cytoplasm of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae and addressed the mechanism of ros formation using the dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (dcfh-da) in respiring cells. by comparing v. cholerae strains with or without active na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), this respiratory sodium ion redox pump was identified as a producer of ros in vivo the amount of cytoplasmic ros detected in v. cholerae cells pr ... | 2016 | 27325677 |
| structural and functional evidence indicates selective oxygen signaling in caldanaerobacter subterraneus h-nox. | acute and specific sensing of diatomic gas molecules is an essential facet of biological signaling. heme nitric oxide/oxygen binding (h-nox) proteins are a family of gas sensors found in diverse classes of bacteria and eukaryotes. the most commonly characterized bacterial h-nox domains are from facultative anaerobes and are activated through a conformational change caused by formation of a 5-coordinate fe(ii)-no complex. members of this h-nox subfamily do not bind o2 and therefore can selectivel ... | 2016 | 27328180 |
| effects of the food manufacturing chain on the viability and functionality of bifidobacterium animalis through simulated gastrointestinal conditions. | the viability and functionality of probiotics may be influenced by industrial production processes resulting in a decrease in probiotic efficiency that benefit the health of humans. this study aimed to investigate the probiotic characteristics of bifidobacterium strains isolated from fecal samples of healthy thai infants. in the present work, three local strains (bf014, bf052, and bh053) belonging to bifidobacterium animalis showed a great resistance against conditions simulating the gastrointes ... | 2016 | 27333286 |
| expression and assembly of cholera toxin b subunit and domain iii of dengue virus 2 envelope fusion protein in transgenic potatoes. | the rates of mosquito-transmitted dengue virus infection in humans have increased in tropical and sub-tropical areas. domain iii of dengue envelope protein (ediii) is involved in cellular receptor binding and induces serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. ediii fused to the b subunit of vibrio cholera (ctb-ediii) was expressed in potatoes to develop a plant-based vaccine against dengue virus type 2. ctb-ediii fused to an endoplasmic reticulum (er) retention signal, sekdel, was introduced int ... | 2016 | 27335159 |
| aaa+ proteases and their role in distinct stages along the vibrio cholerae lifecycle. | the facultative human pathogen vibrio cholerae has to adapt to different environmental conditions along its lifecycle by means of transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. this study provides a first comprehensive analysis regarding the contribution of the cytoplasmic aaa+ proteases lon, clpp and hslv to distinct features of v. cholerae behaviour, including biofilm formation, motility, cholera toxin expression and colonization fitness in the mouse model. while absence of ... | 2016 | 27345492 |
| impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest china. | acute diarrhea is a global health problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in children. it has been suggested that enteric pathogen co-infections play an important role in gastroenteritis, but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen groups. this study aimed to assess the impact of co-infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest china. | 2016 | 27349521 |
| heme-independent redox sensing by the heme-nitric oxide/oxygen-binding protein (h-nox) from vibrio cholerae. | heme nitric oxide/oxygen (h-nox)-binding proteins act as nitric oxide (no) sensors among various bacterial species. in several cases, they act to mediate communal behavior such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and motility by influencing the activity of downstream signaling proteins such as histidine kinases (hiska) in a no-dependent manner. an h-nox/hiska regulatory circuit was recently identified in vibrio cholerae, and the h-nox protein has been spectroscopically characterized. however, ... | 2016 | 27358409 |
| hard-wired control of bacterial processes by chromosomal gene location. | bacterial processes, such as stress responses and cell differentiation, are controlled at many different levels. while some factors, such as transcriptional regulation, are well appreciated, the importance of chromosomal gene location is often underestimated or even completely neglected. a combination of environmental parameters and the chromosomal location of a gene determine how many copies of its dna are present at a given time during the cell cycle. here, we review bacterial processes that r ... | 2016 | 27364121 |
| a small number of phylogenetically distinct clonal complexes dominate a coastal vibrio cholerae population. | vibrio cholerae is a ubiquitous aquatic microbe in temperate and tropical coastal areas. it is a diverse species, with many isolates that are harmless to humans, while others are highly pathogenic. most notable among them are strains belonging to the pandemic o1/o139 serogroup lineage, which contains the causative agents of cholera. the environmental selective regimes that led to this diversity are key to understanding how pathogens evolve in environmental reservoirs. a local population of v. ch ... | 2016 | 27371587 |
| lcp crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of vcmn, a mate transporter from vibrio cholerae. | multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) transporters, one of the multidrug exporter families, efflux xenobiotics towards the extracellular side of the membrane. since mate transporters expressed in bacterial pathogens contribute to multidrug resistance, they are important therapeutic targets. here, a mate-transporter homologue from vibrio cholerae, vcmn, was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in lipidic cubic phase (lcp). x-ray diffraction data were collected to 2 ... | 2016 | 27380372 |
| mechanisms underlying the immune response generated by an oral vibrio cholerae vaccine. | mechanistic details underlying the resulting protective immune response generated by mucosal vaccines remain largely unknown. we investigated the involvement of toll-like receptor signaling in the induction of humoral immune responses following oral immunization with dukoral, comparing wild type mice with tlr-2-, tlr-4-, myd88- and trif-deficient mice. although all groups generated similar levels of igg antibodies, the proliferation of cd4+ t-cells in response to v. cholerae was shown to be medi ... | 2016 | 27384558 |
| role of indole production on virulence of vibrio cholerae using galleria mellonella larvae model. | cell to cell communication facilitated by chemical signals plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular functions in bacteria. indole, one such signaling molecule has been demonstrated to control various bacterial phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence in diverse bacteria including vibrio cholerae. the present study explores some key factors involved in indole production and the subsequent pathogenesis of v. cholerae. indole production was higher at 37 °c than at 30 °c, althoug ... | 2016 | 27407302 |
| comparison of dot-elisa and standard-elisa for detection of the vibrio cholerae toxin in culture supernatants of bacteria isolated from human and environmental samples. | a comparison of dot-elisa and standard-elisa was made for detection of vibrio cholerae toxin in culture supernatants of bacteria isolated from human and environmental samples. a total of 293 supernatants were tested in a double blind assay. a correlation of 100 % was obtained between both techniques. the cholera toxin was found in 20 inaba and 3 ogawa strains. positive samples were from seafood (17 samples), potable water (1 sample) and sewage (5 samples). the dot-elisa was useful as the standar ... | 2016 | 27407304 |
| are natural reservoirs important for cholera surveillance? the case of an outbreak in a brazilian estuary. | paranaguá bay is one of the largest estuarine systems on the southern brazilian coast. the only recorded cholera outbreak in this region since the early 20th century occurred in 1999 and resulted in 467 cases and at least three reported deaths in a population of approx. 150 000 people. this short communication reports historical, unpublished data related to that outbreak. water, zooplankton and bivalve samples were collected and evaluated using direct fluorescence assay to determine whether vibr ... | 2016 | 27416521 |
| interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation. | guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. in response to ifn signaling, gbps are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. recent studies have revealed that gbps are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, francisella novicida, ... | 2017 | 27418355 |
| conformational flexibility and dynamics of the internal loop and helical regions of the kink-turn motif in the glycine riboswitch by site-directed spin-labeling. | site-directed spin-labeling (sdsl) electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy provides a means for a solution state description of site-specific dynamics and flexibility of large rnas, facilitating our understanding of the effects of environmental conditions such as ligands and ions on rna structure and dynamics. here, the utility and capability of epr line shape analysis and distance measurements to monitor and describe site-specific changes in the conformational dynamics of internal lo ... | 2016 | 27427937 |
| orderly replication and segregation of the four replicons of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315. | bacterial genomes typically consist of a single chromosome and, optionally, one or more plasmids. but whole-genome sequencing reveals about ten per-cent of them to be multipartite, with additional replicons which by size and indispensability are considered secondary chromosomes. this raises the questions of how their replication and partition is managed without compromising genome stability and of how such genomes arose. vibrio cholerae, with a 1 mb replicon in addition to its 3 mb chromosome, i ... | 2016 | 27428258 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on fomites. | it is well established that the contamination sources of cholera causing bacteria, vibrio cholerae, are water and food, but little is known about the transmission role of the fomites (surfaces that can carry pathogens) commonly used in households. in the absence of appropriate nutrients or growth conditions on fomites, bacteria have been known to assume a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state after a given period of time. to investigate whether and when v. cholerae o1 assumes such a state, this ... | 2016 | 27430513 |
| complex secondary metabolites from ludwigia leptocarpa with potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. | diarrhea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from ludwigia leptocarpa, a plant traditionally used for its vermifugal, anti-dysenteric, and antimicrobial properties. a methanol extract was prepared by maceration of the dried plant and this was successively extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain ... | 2017 | 27431270 |
| inca/c conjugative plasmids mobilize a new family of multidrug resistance islands in clinical vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 isolates from haiti. | mobile genetic elements play a pivotal role in the adaptation of bacterial populations, allowing them to rapidly cope with hostile conditions, including the presence of antimicrobial compounds. inca/c conjugative plasmids (acps) are efficient vehicles for dissemination of multidrug resistance genes in a broad range of pathogenic species of enterobacteriaceae acps have sporadically been reported in vibrio cholerae, the infectious agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. the regulatory network that ... | 2016 | 27435459 |
| (1)h, (15)n and (13)c resonance assignments of the c-terminal domain of vibrio cholerae tola protein. | vibrio cholerae is the bacterial causative agent of the human disease cholera. non-pathogenic bacterium can be converted to pathogenic following infection by a filamentous phage, ctxφ, that carries the cholera toxin encoding genes. a crucial step during phage infection requires a direct interaction between the ctxφ minor coat protein (piii(ctx)) and the c-terminal domain of v. cholerae tola protein (tolaiiivc). in order to get a better understanding of tola function during the infection process, ... | 2016 | 27436120 |
| hybridoma as a specific, sensitive, and ready to use sensing element: a rapid fluorescence assay for detection of vibrio cholerae o1. | over the last decade, isolation and purification of monoclonal antibodies, for diagnostic analysis, have been carried out using the hybridoma expression system. the present study describes a novel example of a detection system using hybridoma cells containing antibody against o1 antigen directly for v. cholerae diagnosis, which is a major health problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. this method has advantages such as simplicity, ease of process, and it does not ... | 2016 | 27438715 |
| development of an immunosensor using oriented immobilized anti-ompw for sensitive detection of vibrio cholerae by surface plasmon resonance. | the first spr sensor for detection of bacteria was reported in 1998 with high detection limit as much as 10(7)cfu/ml. since then, a lot of effort has been made to lower detection limit and increase sensitivity of detection mainly by using of different assay formats, immobilization strategies, suitable antibodies, minimizing non-specific adsorption and improving the quality of spr devices. the aim of this paper is to introduce the potential of an antibody against recombinant outer membrane protei ... | 2016 | 27442077 |
| vibrio cholerae laboratory infection of the adult house fly musca domestica. | the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that house flies may be capable of specifically harbouring ingested vibrio cholerae in their digestive tracts. flies were continuously fed green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labelled, non-o1/non-o139 environmental strains of v. cholerae. bacterial burdens were quantitatively measured using plate counts and localization was directly observed using confocal microscopy. vibrio cholerae were present in the fly alimentary canal after just 4 h, and re ... | 2016 | 27444689 |
| genome sequence of the k139-like phage vcp032 originating from the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa serotype. | vibrio cholerae is the cause of large cholera outbreaks, especially in endemic regions with high poverty and inadequate sanitation. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the virulence-associated broad host range v. cholerae phage vcp032, including a brief summary of its genotypic and phenotypic features. | 2016 | 27445393 |
| the complete genomic analysis of an imported vibrio cholerae from myanmar in southwest china. | we sequenced and analyzed an imported vibrio cholerae from mynamar in 2011 by using whole genome sequencing method in yunnan province, southwest china. other 3 isolates of v. cholerae in yunnan were also sequenced for comparing purpose. illumina hiseq2500 was used and the sequencing results were assembled and annotated. the comparative genomic analysis was also performed with 101 reference strains from china and abroad. the results showed the imported v. cholerae (yn2011004) had two chromosomes ... | 2016 | 27448952 |
| chemical synthesis of the galacturonic acid containing pentasaccharide antigen of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 and its five fragments. | three pentasaccharides, two tetrasaccharides, and a trisaccharide fragment of the o-specific antigen of vibrio cholerae o139 were synthesized by applying 1 + 1, 2 + 1, 3 + 1, and 4 + 1 coupling strategies. the most challenging tasks involved were the synthesis of the 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkage between galactose and the linker (spacer) molecule and final purification of the target multicharged substances. difficulties with final deprotection by hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis caused by the presence ... | 2016 | 27452084 |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 in northern vietnam (2007-2009), using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. | cholera is an infectious disease of major concern in vietnam and other asian countries. in 2009, there was a large outbreak of cholera in northern vietnam. to investigate relationships among isolates of the causative pathogen vibrio cholerae in this region since 2007, we carried out a multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of 170 isolates collected between 2007 and 2009. a total of 24 mlva types were identified using seven loci. five clones (1-5) were identified using five loci ... | 2016 | 27452304 |
| screening for transmembrane association in divisome proteins using toxgreen, a high-throughput variant of the toxcat assay. | toxcat is a widely used genetic assay to study interactions of transmembrane helices within the inner membrane of the bacterium escherichia coli. toxcat is based on a fusion construct that links a transmembrane domain of interest with a cytoplasmic dna-binding domain from the vibrio cholerae toxr protein. interaction driven by the transmembrane domain results in dimerization of the toxr domain, which, in turn, activates the expression of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) ... | 2016 | 27453198 |
| isolation and identification of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus from prawn (penaeus monodon) seafood: preservation strategies. | bacterial diseases are one of the major problems which affects the production, development and expansion of aqua culture. vibrio sp. are widespread in marine and estuarine environments. the several pathogenic species are commonly associated with outbreaks of vibrio species and it is mainly associated with food poisonings. in this research, the occurrence of vibrio sp. was studied by the isolation and it is confirmed by the biochemical methods. the growth rate was studied by changing the differen ... | 2016 | 27457973 |
| green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india. | in the present study, green synthesis and cost effective approach of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india is reported. the biosynthesised agnps were characterised using uv-visible spectroscopy, particle analyser and scanning electron microscopy studies. it was found by dynamic light scattering analysis, that the average size and charges of the agnps were 133.0 ± 0.361 nm and -6.01 ± 5.30 mv, respectiv ... | 2016 | 27463787 |
| sequences of a co-existing sxt element, a chromosomal integron (ci) and an inca/c plasmid and their roles in multidrug resistance in a vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strain. | the ongoing seventh cholera pandemic is attributed to vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype strains. although antibiotic therapy ameliorates symptoms in patients and reduces pathogen transfer to the environment, multidrug resistance remains a major clinical threat. an o1 el tor strain isolated from a patient in 1998 was intermediate or resistant to 13 antibiotics and could potentially produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl), which is very rare in o1 strains. using genome sequencing, three relev ... | 2016 | 27470490 |
| multi-scale molecular dynamics study of cholera pentamer binding to a gm1-phospholipid membrane. | the ab5 type toxin produced by the vibrio cholerae bacterium is the causative agent of the cholera disease. the cholera toxin (ct) has been shown to bind specifically to gm1 glycolipids on the membrane surface. this binding of ct to the membrane is the initial step in its endocytosis and has been postulated to cause significant disruption to the membrane structure. in this work, we have carried out a combination of coarse-grain and atomistic simulations to study the binding of ct to a membrane m ... | 2016 | 27474868 |
| unique clones of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor with haitian type ctxb allele implicated in the recent cholera epidemics from nigeria, africa. | the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genetic characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1, which is responsible for several cholera epidemics in nigeria, are not reported in detail since 2007. in this study, we screened v. cholerae o1 el tor biotype isolates from cholera cases and water samples from different states to investigate their phenotypic and genetic attributes with special reference to their clonality. | 2016 | 27479360 |
| understanding, monitoring, and controlling biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems. | in drinking water distribution systems (dwds), biofilms are the predominant mode of microbial growth, with the presence of extracellular polymeric substance (eps) protecting the biomass from environmental and shear stresses. biofilm formation poses a significant problem to the drinking water industry as a potential source of bacterial contamination, including pathogens, and, in many cases, also affecting the taste and odor of drinking water and promoting the corrosion of pipes. this article crit ... | 2016 | 27479445 |
| comparative genomic analysis of two isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa el tor isolated during outbreak in mariupol in 2011. | cholera is a water-borne, severe enteric infection essentially caused by toxigenic strains of vibrio cholera o1 and o139 serogroups. an outbreak of cholera was registered during may-july 2011 in mariupol, ukraine, with 33 cholera cases and 25 carriers of cholera. following this outbreak, the toxigenic strain of v. cholerae 2011el-301 was isolated from seawater in the recreation area of taganrog city on the territory of russia. the aim of our study was to understand genomic features of mariupol i ... | 2016 | 27480918 |
| identification and characterization of a putative manganese export protein in vibrio cholerae. | manganese plays an important role in the cellular physiology and metabolism of bacterial species, including the human pathogen vibrio cholerae the intracellular level of manganese ions is controlled through coordinated regulation of the import and export of this element. we have identified a putative manganese exporter (vc0022), named mnea (manganese exporter a), which is highly conserved among vibrio spp. an mnea mutant exhibited sensitivity to manganese but not to other cations. under high-man ... | 2016 | 27481926 |
| effects of tcpb mutations on biogenesis and function of the toxin-coregulated pilus, the type ivb pilus of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the acute intestinal disorder cholera. the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type ivb pilus, is an essential virulence factor of v. cholerae recent work has shown that tcpb is a large minor pilin encoded within the tcp operon. tcpb contributes to efficient pilus formation and is essential for all tcp functions. here, we have initiated a detailed targeted mutagenesis approach to further characterize this salient tcp component. we have identified (thus fa ... | 2016 | 27481929 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from the nigerian cholera outbreak in 2010. | we examined clinical samples from nigerian patients with acute watery diarrhea for vibrio cholerae during the 2010 cholera outbreak. a total of 109 suspected isolates were characterized, but only 57 v. cholerae strains could be confirmed using multiplex real-time pcr as well as rpob sequencing and typed as v. cholerae o:1 ogawa biotype el tor. this finding highlighted the need for accurate diagnosis of cholera in epidemic countries to implement life-saving interventions. | 2016 | 27487957 |
| h-ns: an overarching regulator of the vibrio cholerae life cycle. | vibrio cholerae has become a model organism for studies connecting virulence, pathogen evolution and infectious disease ecology. the coordinate expression of motility, virulence and biofilm enhances its pathogenicity, environmental fitness and fecal-oral transmission. the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein negatively regulates gene expression at multiple phases of the v. cholerae life cycle. here we discuss: (i) the regulatory and structural implications of h-ns chromatin-binding in the t ... | 2017 | 27492955 |
| "non-toxic" proteins of the botulinum toxin complex exert in-vivo toxicity. | the botulinum neurotoxin (bont) causes muscle paralysis and is the most potent toxin in nature. bont is associated with a complex of auxiliary "non-toxic" proteins, which constitute a large-sized toxin complex (l-tc). however, here we report that the "non-toxic" complex of serotype d botulinum l-tc, when administered to rats, exerts in-vivo toxicity on small-intestinal villi. moreover, serotype c and d of the "non-toxic" complex, but not bont, induced vacuole-formation in a rat intestinal epithe ... | 2016 | 27507612 |
| vibriosis, not cholera: toxigenic vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 infections in the united states, 1984-2014. | toxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 have caused cholera epidemics, but other serogroups - such as o75 or o141 - can also produce cholera toxin and cause severe watery diarrhoea similar to cholera. we describe 31 years of surveillance for toxigenic non-o1, non-o139 infections in the united states and map these infections to the state where the exposure probably originated. while serogroups o75 and o141 are closely related pathogens, they differ in how and where they infect ... | 2016 | 27510301 |
| biosensing vibrio cholerae with genetically engineered escherichia coli. | cholera is a potentially mortal, infectious disease caused by vibrio cholerae bacterium. current treatment methods of cholera still have limitations. beneficial microbes that could sense and kill the v. cholerae could offer potential alternative to preventing and treating cholera. however, such v. cholerae targeting microbe is still not available. this microbe requires a sensing system to be able to detect the presence of v. cholera bacterium. to this end, we designed and created a synthetic gen ... | 2016 | 27529184 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 imported from iraq to kuwait, 2015. | 2016 | 27532267 | |
| molecular evolution and functional divergence of vibrio cholerae. | the purpose of this review is to synopsize and highlight the recent subtle genetic changes in cholera causing toxigenic vibrio cholerae with special reference to their virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin-antitoxin systems. it is not intended to cover issues on the whole genome sequence and epidemiology of cholera. | 2016 | 27537830 |
| clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients presenting with cholera in port-au-prince, haiti. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been postulated to alter the natural history of cholera, including increased susceptibility to infection, severity of illness, and chronic carriage of vibrio cholerae haiti has a generalized hiv epidemic with an adult hiv prevalence of 1.9% and recently suffered a cholera epidemic. we conducted a prospective study at the cholera treatment center (ctc) of gheskio in haiti to characterize the coinfection. adults admitted at the ctc for acute diarrhe ... | 2016 | 27549637 |
| vibrio cholerae leuo links the toxr regulon to expression of lipid a remodeling genes. | vibrio cholerae is an intestinal pathogen that causes the diarrheal disease cholera. colonization of the intestine depends upon the expression of genes that allow v. cholerae to overcome host barriers, including low ph, bile acids, and the innate immune system. toxr is a major contributor to this process. toxr is a membrane-spanning transcription factor that coordinates gene expression in response to environmental cues. in previous work we showed that toxr upregulated leuo expression in response ... | 2016 | 27550934 |
| vibrio cholerae biofilm growth program and architecture revealed by single-cell live imaging. | biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that are crucial in nature and during infection. despite extensive work to identify biofilm components and to discover how they are regulated, little is known about biofilm structure at the level of individual cells. here, we use state-of-the-art microscopy techniques to enable live single-cell resolution imaging of a vibrio cholerae biofilm as it develops from one single founder cell to a mature biofilm of 10,000 cells, and to discover the f ... | 2016 | 27555592 |
| phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from cholera cases in delhi, india during 2001-2006. | incidence of epidemic vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. however, sporadic cholera caused by v. cholerae o139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions. in the present study, 42 v. cholerae o139 strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in delhi, india, were retrospectively analyzed to understand their phenotype and molecular characteristics. the majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. though the i ... | 2016 | 27555841 |
| rugose atypical vibrio cholerae o1 el tor responsible for 2009 cholera outbreak in india. | vibrio cholerae causes cholera outbreaks in endemic regions where the water quality and sanitation facilities remain poor. apart from biotype and serotype changes, v. cholerae undergoes phase variation, which results in the generation of two morphologically different variants termed smooth and rugose. in this study, 12 rugose (r-vc) and 6 smooth (s-vc) v. cholerae o1 ogawa isolates were identified in a cholera outbreak that occurred in hyderabad, india. antimicrobial susceptibility results showe ... | 2016 | 27561681 |
| cell division licensing in the multi-chromosomal vibrio cholerae bacterium. | cell division must be coordinated with chromosome replication and segregation to ensure the faithful transmission of genetic information during proliferation. in most bacteria, assembly of the division apparatus, the divisome, starts with the polymerization of a tubulin homologue, ftsz, into a ring-like structure at mid-cell, the z-ring(1). it typically occurs at half of the cell cycle when most of the replication and segregation cycle of the unique chromosome they generally harbour is achieved( ... | 2016 | 27562255 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of the novel sialic acid-binding site of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin lt-iib. | the structurally related ab5-type heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae are classified into two major types. the type i group includes cholera toxin (ct) and e. coli lt-i, whereas the type ii subfamily comprises lt-iia, lt-iib and lt-iic. the carbohydrate-binding specificities of lt-iia, lt-iib and lt-iic are distinctive from those of cholera toxin and e. coli lt-i. whereas ct and lt-i bind primarily to the gm1 ganglioside, lt-iia binds to gangliosides gd1a, gd1b and g ... | 2016 | 27562297 |
| in sickness and in health: the relationships between bacteria and bile in the human gut. | colonization of a human host with a commensal microbiota has a complex interaction in which bacterial communities provide numerous health benefits to the host. an equilibrium between host and microbiota is kept in check with the help of biliary secretions by the host. bile, composed primarily of bile salts, promotes digestion. it also provides a barrier between host and bacteria. after bile salts are synthesized in the liver, they are stored in the gallbladder to be released after food intake. t ... | 2016 | 27565580 |
| a signal-amplified electrochemical dna biosensor incorporated with a colorimetric internal control for vibrio cholerae detection using shelf-ready reagents. | a novel enzyme/nanoparticle-based dna biosensing platform with dual colorimetric/electrochemical approach has been developed for the sequence-specific detection of the bacterium vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of acute diarrheal disease in cholera. this assay platform exploits the use of shelf-stable and ready-to-use (shelf-ready) reagents to greatly simplify the bioanalysis procedures, allowing the assay platform to be more amenable to point-of-care applications. to assure maximum diagnosi ... | 2017 | 27567251 |
| local and global consequences of flow on bacterial quorum sensing. | bacteria use a chemical communication process called quorum sensing (qs) to control collective behaviours such as pathogenesis and biofilm formation(1,2). qs relies on the production, release and group-wide detection of signal molecules called autoinducers. to date, studies of bacterial pathogenesis in well-mixed cultures have revealed virulence factors and the regulatory circuits controlling them, including the overarching role of qs(3). although flow is ubiquitous to nearly all living systems( ... | 2016 | 27571752 |
| chemotaxis cluster 1 proteins form cytoplasmic arrays in vibrio cholerae and are stabilized by a double signaling domain receptor dosm. | nearly all motile bacterial cells use a highly sensitive and adaptable sensory system to detect changes in nutrient concentrations in the environment and guide their movements toward attractants and away from repellents. the best-studied bacterial chemoreceptor arrays are membrane-bound. many motile bacteria contain one or more additional, sometimes purely cytoplasmic, chemoreceptor systems. vibrio cholerae contains three chemotaxis clusters (i, ii, and iii). here, using electron cryotomography, ... | 2016 | 27573843 |
| nucleotide binding by the widespread high-affinity cyclic di-gmp receptor mshen domain. | c-di-gmp is a bacterial second messenger regulating various cellular functions. many bacteria contain c-di-gmp-metabolizing enzymes but lack known c-di-gmp receptors. recently, two mshe-type atpases associated with bacterial type ii secretion system and type iv pilus formation were shown to specifically bind c-di-gmp. here we report crystal structure of the mshe n-terminal domain (mshen1-145) from vibrio cholerae in complex with c-di-gmp at a 1.37 å resolution. this structure reveals a unique c- ... | 2016 | 27578558 |
| the nucleoid binding protein h-ns biases genome-wide transposon insertion landscapes. | transposon insertion sequencing (tis; also known as tnseq) is a potent approach commonly used to comprehensively define the genetic loci that contribute to bacterial fitness in diverse environments. a key presumption underlying analyses of tis datasets is that loci with a low frequency of transposon insertions contribute to fitness. however, it is not known whether factors such as nucleoid binding proteins can alter the frequency of transposon insertion and thus whether tis output may systematic ... | 2016 | 27578758 |
| measuring in vitro atpase activity for enzymatic characterization. | adenosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes, or atpases, play a critical role in a diverse array of cellular functions. these dynamic proteins can generate energy for mechanical work, such as protein trafficking and degradation, solute transport, and cellular movements. the protocol described here is a basic assay for measuring the in vitro activity of purified atpases for functional characterization. proteins hydrolyze atp in a reaction that results in inorganic phosphate release, and the amount ... | 2016 | 27584824 |
| development of a multiplex pcr for discrimination of the tlc:rs1:ctx array of vibrio cholerae wave 3 el tor strains. | vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup wave 3 el tor strains are presently prevalent worldwide. the wave 3 el tor strains contain a tlc:rs1:ctx array on chromosome 1, and no element is integrated on chromosome 2. a multiplex pcr optimized to identify the tlc:rs1:ctx array of wave 3 strains has been developed in this study. by using eight primers, the multiplex pcr can identify the characteristic ctx and rs1 array of wave 3 strains from various arrays of strains belonging to other waves. the four amplified ... | 2016 | 27586526 |
| 1.65 å resolution structure of the arac-family transcriptional activator toxt from vibrio cholerae. | toxt is an arac-family transcriptional activator protein that controls the expression of key virulence factors in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. toxt directly activates the expression of the genes that encode the toxin-coregulated pilus and cholera toxin, and also positively auto-regulates its own expression from the tcp promoter. the crystal structure of toxt has previously been solved at 1.9 å resolution (pdb entry 3gbg). in this study, a crystal structure of toxt at 1.65 å r ... | 2016 | 27599865 |
| a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae o8 in an immunocompetent patient. | we report a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the leg caused by vibrio cholerae o8 in a 63-year-old immunocompetent man after he had been fishing in a lake on a croatian island. the strain was cytotoxic, invasive and adhesive and contained a fragment of the gene for el tor-like hemolysin (el tor hlya). after surgical and antibiotic treatment, the patient fully recovered. | 2016 | 27604649 |
| intestinal ameliorative effects of traditional ogi-tutu, vernonia amygdalina and psidium guajava in mice infected with vibrio cholera. | cholera, a severe acute watery diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae is endemic in nigeria with most cases occurring in the rural areas. in south west nigeria, some individuals resort to alternative treatments such as ogi-tutu, psidium guajava and vernonia amygdalina during infections. the effectiveness of these alternatives in the prevention and treatment of v. cholerae infection requires experimental investigation. | 2016 | 27605980 |
| ctxϕ: exploring new alternatives in host factor-mediated filamentous phage replications. | for a long time ff phages from escherichia coli provided the majority of the knowledge about the rolling circle replication mechanism of filamentous phages. host factors involved in coliphages replication have been fully identified. based on these studies, the function of rep protein as the accessory helicase directly implicated in filamentous phage replication was considered a paradigm. we recently reported that the replication of some filamentous phages from vibrio cholerae, including the chol ... | 2017 | 27607139 |
| sialylation transmogrifies human breast and pancreatic cancer cells into 3d multicellular tumor spheroids using cyclic rgd-peptide induced self-assembly. | multicellular tumor spheroids (mts) have been at the forefront of cancer research, designed to mimic tumor-like developmental patterns in vitro. tumor growth in vivo is highly influenced by aberrant cell surface-specific sialoglycan structures on glycoproteins. aberrant sialoglycan patterns that facilitate mts formation are not well defined. matrix-free spheroids from breast mcf-7 and pancreatic panc1 cancer cell lines and their respective tamoxifen (tmx) and gemcitabine (gem) resistant variants ... | 2016 | 27608845 |
| redox pathway sensing bile salts activates virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, has evolved signal transduction systems to control co-ordinately the expression of virulence determinants. it was previously shown that the presence of the bile salts glycocholate and taurocholate in the small intestine causes dimerization of the transmembrane transcription factor tcpp by inducing intermolecular disulphide bonds in the tcpp periplasmic domain. in this study, they further investigated the mechanism of h ... | 2016 | 27610607 |
| genetic studies of vibrio cholerae in south west cameroon-a phylogenetic analysis of isolates from the 2010-2011 epidemic. | during the cholera outbreak from 2010 to 2011 in cameroon, 33,192 cases with 1,440 deaths (case fatality ratio 4.34%) were reported to the world health organization. of these, the south west region reported 3,120 clinical cases. this region is in the equatorial monsoon climatic subzone of cameroon, close to the coast, raising questions as to whether cases were linked with development of environmental reservoirs. | 2016 | 27617169 |
| total synthesis of the complete protective antigen of vibrio cholerae o139. | the first chemical synthesis of the complete protective o-antigen of a human-disease-causing pathogenic bacterium is described. the synthesis involved a protecting-group strategy that facilitated the regioselectivity of the key transformations, stereoselective glycosylation reactions, and enabled the one-step global deprotection of the completely assembled, fully protected, phosphorylated hexasaccharide by hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis. the final amino-group-functionalized, linker-equipped antige ... | 2016 | 27623688 |
| thiol-based switch mechanism of virulence regulator aphb modulates oxidative stress response in vibrio cholerae. | bacterial pathogens display versatile gene expression to adapt to changing surroundings. for example, vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, utilizes distinct genetic programs to combat reactive oxygen species (ros) in aquatic environments or during host infection. we previously reported that the virulence activator aphb in v. cholerae is involved in ros resistance. here by performing a genetic screen, we show that aphb represses ros resistance gene ohra, which is also repressed by ano ... | 2016 | 27625149 |
| microbial herd protection mediated by antagonistic interaction in polymicrobial communities. | in the host and natural environments, microbes often exist in complex multispecies communities. the molecular mechanisms through which such communities develop and persist - despite significant antagonistic interactions between species - are not well understood. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a lethal weapon commonly employed by gram-negative bacteria to inhibit neighboring species through delivery of toxic effectors. it is well established that intra-species protection is conferred by i ... | 2016 | 27637882 |
| antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against enteric bacterial pathogens. | the emergence of multi-drug-resistant enteric pathogens has prompted the scientist community to explore the therapeutic potentials of traditional foods and beverages. the present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of kombucha, a fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium followed by the identification of the antibacterial components present in kombucha. the antibacterial activity w ... | 2016 | 27638313 |
| adherence to intestinal cells promotes biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is known to form biofilms to persist in the environment. it is demonstrated here that even during infection, biofilm genes are upregulated, and microscopic observation indicated that biofilm formation is initiated almost immediately after adherence of v. cholerae to intestinal cells. about 7-fold upregulation of the biofilm regulatory gene vpst was observed within 30 minutes of adherence of v. cholerae to the intestinal cell line int 407, and a ... | 2016 | 27638940 |
| strong ph dependence of coupling efficiency of the na+ - translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) of vibrio cholerae. | the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (nqr) is the entry site for electrons into the respiratory chain of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera disease. nqr couples the electron transfer from nadh to ubiquinone to the translocation of sodium ions across the membrane. we investigated the ph dependence of electron transfer and generation of a transmembrane voltage (δψ) by nqr reconstituted in liposomes with na+ or li+ as coupling cation. δψ formation was followed with the vol ... | 2017 | 27639271 |
| emergence of a competence-reducing filamentous phage from the genome of acinetobacter baylyi adp1. | bacterial genomes commonly contain prophage sequences as a result of past infections with lysogenic phages. many of these integrated viral sequences are believed to be cryptic, but prophage genes are sometimes coopted by the host, and some prophages may be reactivated to form infectious particles when cells are stressed or mutate. we found that a previously uncharacterized filamentous phage emerged from the genome of acinetobacter baylyi adp1 during a laboratory evolution experiment. this phage ... | 2016 | 27645387 |
| disease dynamics in a coupled cholera model linking within-host and between-host interactions. | a new modelling framework is proposed to study the within-host and between-host dynamics of cholera, a severe intestinal infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. the within-host dynamics are characterized by the growth of highly infectious vibrios inside the human body. these vibrios shed from humans contribute to the environmental bacterial growth and the transmission of the disease among humans, providing a link from the within-host dynamics at the individual level to the between-hos ... | 2017 | 27646159 |
| characterization of the gluconate utilization system of vibrio cholerae with special reference to virulence modulation. | orthologs search identified that the vibrio cholerae gluconate (gnt) utilization system minimally consisted of the entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway (edd and eda) and three other genes, namely gntu, gntk and gntr this system appeared unique by genomic organization of component genes into two operons transcribed in opposite directions. in silico analysis indicated gntu as an inner-membrane protein functioning for transport and gntk as a kinase with cytosolic localization that generates gnt6p, which i ... | 2016 | 27650573 |
| the unusual redox properties of c-type oxidases. | cytochrome cbb3 (also known as c-type) oxidases belong to the family of heme-copper terminal oxidases which couple at the end of the respiratory chain the reduction of molecular oxygen into water and the pumping of protons across the membrane. they are expressed most often at low pressure of o2 and they exhibit a low homology of sequence with the cytochrome aa3 (a-type) oxidases found in mitochondria. their binuclear active site comprises a high-spin heme b3 associated with a cub center. the pro ... | 2016 | 27664317 |
| catalases and phob/phor system independently contribute to oxidative stress resistance in vibrio cholerae o1. | all cells are subjected to oxidative stress, a condition under which reactive oxygen species (ros) production exceeds elimination. bacterial defences against ros include synthesis of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidases and catalases. vibrio cholerae can produce two distinct catalases, katb and katg, which contribute to ros homeostasis. in this study, we analysed the mechanism behind katg and katb expression in two v. cholerae o1 pandemic strains, o395 and n16961, of classical and el tor biotype ... | 2016 | 27665757 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in regulator-encoding genes have an additive effect on virulence gene expression in a vibrio cholerae clinical isolate. | vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the infectious disease cholera, which is characterized by vomiting and severe watery diarrhea. recently, v. cholerae clinical isolates have demonstrated increased virulence capabilities, causing more severe symptoms with a much higher rate of disease progression than previously observed. we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in four virulence-regulatory genes (hapr, hns, luxo, and viea) of a hypervirulent v. cholerae clinical isolat ... | 2017 | 27668288 |
| role of a sensor histidine kinase chis of vibrio cholerae in pathogenesis. | vibrio cholera survival in an aquatic environment depends on chitin utilization pathway that requires two factors, chitin binding protein and chitinases. the chitinases and the chitin utilization pathway are regulated by a two-component sensor histidine kinase chis in v. cholerae. in recent studies these two factors are also shown to be involved in v. cholerae pathogenesis. however, the role played by their upstream regulator chis in pathogenesis is yet to be known. in this study, we investigate ... | 2016 | 27670078 |
| intrinsic gtpase activity of a ribosomal maturation protein cgta is associated with its inter-domain movement: insights from md simulations and biochemical studies. | cgta is an essential ribosome associated gtpase protein of bacteria. it has three domains, viz., obg, gtpase, and c-terminal domain. it is a multifunctional protein and it is being considered as a potential drug target against bacterial infections. despite the importance, cgta's action mechanisms are not well known which warrants further study. towards that goal, we are pursuing biochemical and computational studies in vibrio cholerae cgta (cgtavc). biochemically we found that a single amino aci ... | 2016 | 27677930 |
| chlorination of household drinking water among cholera patients' households to prevent transmission of toxigenic vibrio cholerae in dhaka, bangladesh: chobi7 trial. | household members of cholera patients are at a 100 times higher risk of cholera infections than the general population because of shared contaminated drinking water sources and secondary transmission through poor household hygiene practices. in this study, we investigated the bactericidal concentration of free chlorine required to inactivate vibrio cholerae in household drinking water in dhaka, bangladesh. in laboratory experiments, we found that the concentrations of free chlorine required to i ... | 2016 | 27698273 |
| retrospective analysis of serotype switching of vibrio cholerae o1 in a cholera endemic region shows it is a non-random process. | genomic data generated from clinical vibrio cholerae o1 isolates collected over a five year period in an area of kolkata, india with seasonal cholera outbreaks allowed a detailed genetic analysis of serotype switching that occurred from ogawa to inaba and back to ogawa. the change from ogawa to inaba resulted from mutational disruption of the methyltransferase encoded by the wbet gene. re-emergence of the ogawa serotype was found to result either from expansion of an already existing ogawa clade ... | 2016 | 27706170 |
| quantification of vibrio species in oysters from the gulf of mexico with two procedures based on mpn and pcr. | oysters can accumulate potentially pathogenic water bacteria. the objective of this study was to compare two procedures to quantify vibrio species present in oysters to determine the most sensitive method. we analyzed oyster samples from the gulf of mexico, commercialized in mexico city. the samples were inoculated in tubes with alkaline peptone water (apw), based on three tubes and four dilutions (10(-1) to 10(-4)). from these tubes, the first quantification of vibrio species was performed (mos ... | 2016 | 27709461 |
| major shift of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 from ogawa to inaba serotype isolated from clinical and environmental samples in haiti. | in october of 2010, an outbreak of cholera was confirmed in haiti for the first time in more than a century. a single clone of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype ogawa strain was implicated as the cause. five years after the onset of cholera, in october, 2015, we have discovered a major switch (ranging from 7 to 100%) from ogawa serotype to inaba serotype. furthermore, using wbet gene sequencing and comparative sequence analysis, we now demonstrate that, among 2013 and 2015 ina ... | 2016 | 27716803 |
| cholera. | cholera is an acute disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by vibrio cholerae. cholera was localized in asia until 1817, when a first pandemic spread from india to several other regions of the world. after this appearance, six additional major pandemics occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries, the latest of which originated in indonesia in the 1960s and is still ongoing. in 1854, a cholera outbreak in soho, london, was investigated by the english physician john snow (1813 to 1858). he ... | 2016 | 27726771 |
| no-go zones for mariner transposition. | the property of transposons to randomly insert into target dna has long been exploited for generalized mutagenesis and forward genetic screens. newer applications that monitor the relative abundance of each transposon insertion in large libraries of mutants can be used to evaluate the roles in cellular fitness of all genes of an organism, provided that transposition is in fact random across all genes. in a recent article, kimura and colleagues identified an important exception to the latter assu ... | 2016 | 27729512 |
| genome-wide biases in the rate and molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations in vibrio cholerae and vibrio fischeri. | the vast diversity in nucleotide composition and architecture among bacterial genomes may be partly explained by inherent biases in the rates and spectra of spontaneous mutations. bacterial genomes with multiple chromosomes are relatively unusual but some are relevant to human health, none more so than the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae here, we present the genome-wide mutation spectra in wild-type and mismatch repair (mmr) defective backgrounds of two vibrio species, the low-%gc sq ... | 2017 | 27744412 |
| nanocarriers from gras zein proteins to encapsulate hydrophobic actives. | one factor limiting the expansion of nanomedicines has been the high cost of the materials and processes required for their production. we present a continuous, scalable, low cost nanoencapsulation process, flash nanoprecipitation (fnp) that enables the production of nanocarriers (ncs) with a narrow size distribution using zein corn proteins. zein is a low cost, gras protein (having the fda status of "generally regarded as safe") currently used in food applications, which acts as an effective en ... | 2016 | 27744703 |