Publications

vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: part ii: vaccines for shigella, salmonella, enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) enterohemorragic e. coli (ehec) and campylobacter jejuni.	in part ii we discuss the following bacterial pathogens: shigella, salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic e. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic) and campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the enteric viruses and vibrio cholerae discussed in part i of this series, for the bacterial pathogens described here there is only one licensed vaccine, developed primarily for vibrio cholerae and which provides moderate protection against enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) (dukoral(®)), as well as a few ...	2015	25715096
immunogenicity of the bivalent oral cholera vaccine shanchol in haitian adults with hiv infection.	we evaluated immune responses following bivalent oral cholera vaccination (shanchol [shantha biotechnics]; bivwc) in a cohort of 25 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults in haiti. compared with adults without hiv infection, vaccination in hiv-infected individuals resulted in lower vibriocidal responses against vibrio cholerae o1, and there was a positive relationship between the cd4(+) t-cell count and vibriocidal responses following vaccination. nevertheless, seroconversion occurre ...	2015	25722294
typing and antibiogram of vibrio cholerae isolates from a tertiary care hospital in pune: a 3 year study.	a retrospective analysis was done over a period of 3 years (january 2010- december 2012) in a tertiary care hospital, pune, to note the changes in the prevalence and distribution of biotypes, serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and phage types of vibrio cholerae isolates from clinical samples so as to be vigilant and curtail major outbreak in future. vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained from 4.4% of the 1126 fecal specimens processed from cases of acute watery diarrhea. majority of th ...	2017	25722619
comparative genome analysis of non-toxigenic non-o1 versus toxigenic o1 vibrio cholerae.	pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae are responsible for endemic and pandemic outbreaks of the disease cholera. the complete toxigenic mechanisms underlying virulence in vibrio strains are poorly understood. the hypothesis of this work was that virulent versus non-virulent strains of v. cholerae harbor distinctive genomic elements that encode virulence. the purpose of this study was to elucidate genomic differences between the o1 serotypes and non-o1 v. cholerae ps15, a non-toxigenic strain, in ...	2017	25722857
structure of the type vi secretion system contractile sheath.	bacteria use rapid contraction of a long sheath of the type vi secretion system (t6ss) to deliver effectors into a target cell. here, we present an atomic-resolution structure of a native contracted vibrio cholerae sheath determined by cryo-electron microscopy. the sheath subunits, composed of tightly interacting proteins vipa and vipb, assemble into a six-start helix. the helix is stabilized by a core domain assembled from four β strands donated by one vipa and two vipb molecules. the fold of i ...	2015	25723169
stress tolerant virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food.	cronobacter sakazakii is considered as an emerging foodborne pathogen. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food samples of bangladesh.	2014	25723712
a novel triplex quantitative pcr strategy for quantification of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments.	vibrio cholerae is a severe human pathogen and a frequent member of aquatic ecosystems. quantification of v. cholerae in environmental water samples is therefore fundamental for ecological studies and health risk assessment. beside time-consuming cultivation techniques, quantitative pcr (qpcr) has the potential to provide reliable quantitative data and offers the opportunity to quantify multiple targets simultaneously. a novel triplex qpcr strategy was developed in order to simultaneously quanti ...	2015	25724966
broad spectrum anti-microbial compounds producing bacteria from coast of qingdao bays.	anti-microbial resistance burden and hazard associated with chemical treatment of infections demanded for new anti-microbial natural products. marine associated microorganisms are the enormous source of bioactive compounds. in this study we have isolated 272 marine bacteria among them 136 (50%) were antagonistic to at least one of the four pathogenic strains listeria monocytogenes, vibrio cholerae, e. coli and s. aureus. only two strains exhibited antibacterial activity against all four test str ...	2015	25730803
chromosome segregation in vibrio cholerae.	the study of chromosome segregation is currently one of the most exciting research frontiers in cell biology. in this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the chromosome segregation process in vibrio cholerae, based primarily on findings from fluorescence microscopy experiments. this bacterium is of special interest because of its eukaryotic feature of having a divided genome, a feature shared with 10% of known bacteria. we also discuss how the segregation mechanisms of v. cholerae compar ...	2015	25732338
enzymatic production of defined chitosan oligomers with a specific pattern of acetylation using a combination of chitin oligosaccharide deacetylases.	chitin and chitosan oligomers have diverse biological activities with potentially valuable applications in fields like medicine, cosmetics, or agriculture. these properties may depend not only on the degrees of polymerization and acetylation, but also on a specific pattern of acetylation (pa) that cannot be controlled when the oligomers are produced by chemical hydrolysis. to determine the influence of the pa on the biological activities, defined chitosan oligomers in sufficient amounts are need ...	2015	25732514
identifying the most sensitive and specific sign and symptom combinations for cholera: results from an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance data from haiti, 2012-2013.	since october 2010, over 700,000 cholera cases have been reported in haiti. we used data from laboratory-based surveillance for diarrhea in haiti to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (ppv) and negative predictive values (npv) of the cholera case definitions recommended by the world health organization (who). from april 2012 to may 2013, we tested 1,878 samples from hospitalized patients with acute watery diarrhea; 1,178 (62.7%) yielded vibrio cholerae o1. the sensitivity and sp ...	2015	25732682
spectrum of outpatient illness in a school-based cohort in haiti, with a focus on diarrheal pathogens.	currently, there are only limited data available on rates of major diagnostic categories of illnesses among haitian children. we have established a cohort of 1,245 students attending schools run by the christianville foundation in the gressier/leogane region of haiti, for whom our group provides primary medical care. among 1,357 clinic visits during the 2012-2013 academic year, the main disease categories (with rates per 1,000 child years of observation) included acute respiratory infection (ari ...	2015	25732684
mechanism for inhibition of vibrio cholerae toxt activity by the unsaturated fatty acid components of bile.	the gram-negative curved bacillus vibrio cholerae causes the severe diarrheal illness cholera. during host infection, a complex regulatory cascade results in production of toxt, a dna-binding protein that activates the transcription of major virulence genes that encode cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). previous studies have shown that bile and its unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) components reduce virulence gene expression and therefore are likely important signals upon entering ...	2015	25733618
in vitro selection of a single-stranded dna molecular recognition element against clostridium difficile toxin b and sensitive detection in human fecal matter.	toxin b is one of the major virulence factors of clostridium difficile, a bacterium that is responsible for a significant number of diarrhea cases in acute care settings. due to the prevalence of c. difficile induced diarrhea, rapid and correct diagnosis is crucial in the disease management. in this study, we have employed a stringent in vitro selection method to identify single-stranded dna molecular recognition elements (mre) specific for toxin b. at the end of the 12-round selection, one mre ...	2015	25734010
correction for herrera et al., the vibrio cholerae vpra-vprb two-component system controls virulence through endotoxin modification.		2015	25736885
mutt from the fish pathogen aliivibrio salmonicida is a cold-active nucleotide-pool sanitization enzyme with unexpectedly high thermostability.	upon infection by pathogenic bacteria, production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is part of the host organism's first line of defence. ros damage a number of macromolecules, and in order to withstand such a harsh environment, the bacteria need to have well-functioning ros scavenging and repair systems. herein, mutt is an important nucleotide-pool sanitization enzyme, which degrades 8-oxo-dgtp and thus prevents it from being incorporated into dna. in this context, we have performed a comparativ ...	2015	25737836
functional analysis of vibrio vulnificus rnd efflux pumps homologous to vibrio cholerae vexab and vexcd, and to escherichia coli acrab.	resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) efflux pumps are associated with multidrug resistance in many gram-negative pathogens. the genome of vibrio vulnificus encodes 11 putative rnd pumps homologous to those of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli. in this study, we analyzed three putative rnd efflux pumps, showing homology to v. cholerae vexab and vexcd and to e. coli acrab, for their functional roles in multidrug resistance of v. vulnificus. deletion of the vexab homolog resulted in increased su ...	2015	25740377
role of integrons, plasmids and sxt elements in multidrug resistance of vibrio cholerae and providencia vermicola obtained from a clinical isolate of diarrhea.	the isolates of vibrio cholerae and providencia vermicola obtained from a diarrheal patient were investigated for genetic elements governing their drug resistance phenotypes. out of 14 antibiotics tested, v. cholerae vc idh02365 isolate showed resistance to nine antibiotics, while p. vermicola pv nba2365 was found to be resistant to all the antibiotics except polymyxin b. though sxt integrase was depicted in both the bacteria, class 1 integron was found to be associated only with pv nba2365. int ...	2015	25741322
toxigenic vibrio cholerae identified in estuaries of tanzania using pcr techniques.	the current study assessed the occurrence of the vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 in environmental samples along salinity gradients in three selected estuaries of tanzania both through culture independent methods and by cultured bacteria. occurrence of v. cholerae was determined by pcr targeting the v. cholerae outer membrane protein gene ompw. furthermore, the presence of toxigenic strains and serogroups o1 and o139 was determined using multiplex pcr with specific primers targeting the ch ...	2015	25743072
hygiene and health risks associated with the consumption of edible lamellibranch molluscs.	edible lamellibranch molluscs are frequently the cause of very serious outbreaks of food poisoning. microbiological suitability for human consumption, according to ec reg. n. 1441/2007, is only based on two faecal bacteriological contamination parameters (escherichia coli and salmonella) and does not consider other microorganisms which are naturally present within the marine environment and are potentially pathogenic such as those belonging to the genus vibrio. in this study, a total of 540 samp ...	2015	25744696
a comparative structure-function analysis of active-site inhibitors of vibrio cholerae cholix toxin.	cholix toxin from vibrio cholerae is a novel mono-adp-ribosyltransferase (mart) toxin that shares structural and functional properties with pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and corynebacterium diphtheriae diphtheria toxin. herein, we have used the high-resolution x-ray structure of full-length cholix toxin in the apo form, nad(+) bound, and 10 structures of the cholix catalytic domain (c-domain) complexed with several strong inhibitors of toxin enzyme activity (nap, pj34, and the p-series) to s ...	2015	25756608
secretome analysis of vibrio cholerae type vi secretion system reveals a new effector-immunity pair.	the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a dynamic macromolecular organelle that many gram-negative bacteria use to inhibit or kill other prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. the toxic effectors of t6ss are delivered to the prey cells in a contact-dependent manner. in vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, t6ss is active during intestinal infection. here, we describe the use of comparative proteomics coupled with bioinformatics to identify a new t6ss effector-immunity pair. this analysis was ...	2015	25759499
antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by marine ochrobactrum sp.	metal nanoparticle synthesis is an interesting area in nanotechnology due to their remarkable optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic and biomedical properties, but there needs to develop clean, non-toxic and environmental friendly methods for the synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles. biological agents in the form of microbes have emerged up as efficient candidates for nanoparticle synthesis due to their extreme versatility to synthesize diverse nanoparticles with varying size and shape. in ...	2014	25763025
multidrug-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 was responsible for a cholera outbreak in 2013 in bagalkot, north karnataka.	cholera is a major cause of illness in the developing world. during the monsoon season, small sporadic clusters of cholera cases are reported on an annual basis in karnataka, india. during the monsoons of 2013, there was a cholera outbreak in badami, a remote area of bagalkot district in karnataka. the multi-drug-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa was found to be responsible for this outbreak. on 5 august 2013, a 30-year-old woman presented with severe dehydration and watery diarrhea at ...	2015	25766606
the role of china in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic.	epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, have occurred since the early 19th century and waves of epidemic disease continue today. cholera epidemics are caused by individual, genetically monomorphic lineages of vibrio cholerae: the ongoing seventh pandemic, which has spread globally since 1961, is associated with lineage l2 of biotype el tor. previous genomic studies of the epidemiology of the seventh pandemic identified three successive sub-lineages within l2, designated w ...	2015	25768799
identification and characterisation of a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrvc7, in vibrio cholerae of seafood origin.		2015	25769785
prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in treated effluents and receiving water bodies and their potential health risks.	the failure of wastewater treatment plants to produce effluents of a high microbiological quality is a matter of great concern in terms of water resource pollution. a more serious concern is that this water source is used by communities in developing countries for multiple purposes, which include drinking, recreation and agriculture. the current study investigated the prevalence and potential health risks of enteropathogenic bacteria (salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and vibrio chole ...	2015	25777950
intracellular plasma membrane guidance of photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin is crucial for cell toxicity.	the bacterial toxin photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin (patox) modifies rho proteins by tyrosine glcnacylation and heterotrimeric gα proteins by deamidation. inactivation of rho proteins results in f-actin disassembly in host cells. here, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of patox and show that the glycosyltransferase domain of patox associates with the negatively charged inner surface of the plasma membrane. localization studies with site-directed mutants, liposome precipitation analysis, li ...	2015	25782990
structural basis for competitive inhibition of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase from vibrio cholerae.	the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway has been shown to be essential in many pathogens and is absent in humans. therefore, enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis are considered as potential antibacterial drug targets. the enzyme 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase (dhbps) catalyzes one of the two committed steps in the riboflavin pathway and converts d-ribulose 5-phosphate (ru5p) to l-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate and formate. moreover, dhbps is shown to be indispensable for myc ...	2015	25792735
scanning the landscape of genome architecture of non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae by whole genome mapping reveals extensive population genetic diversity.	historically, cholera outbreaks have been linked to v. cholerae o1 serogroup strains or its derivatives of the o37 and o139 serogroups. a genomic study on the 2010 haiti cholera outbreak strains highlighted the putative role of non o1/non-o139 v. cholerae in causing cholera and the lack of genomic sequences of such strains from around the world. here we address these gaps by scanning a global collection of v. cholerae strains as a first step towards understanding the population genetic diversity ...	2015	25794000
bottom-up and top-down solid-state nmr approaches for bacterial biofilm matrix composition.	the genomics and proteomics revolutions have been enormously successful in providing crucial "parts lists" for biological systems. yet, formidable challenges exist in generating complete descriptions of how the parts function and assemble into macromolecular complexes and whole-cell assemblies. bacterial biofilms are complex multicellular bacterial communities protected by a slime-like extracellular matrix that confers protection to environmental stress and enhances resistance to antibiotics and ...	2015	25797008
cholera toxin b: one subunit with many pharmaceutical applications.	cholera, a waterborne acute diarrheal disease caused by vibrio cholerae, remains prevalent in underdeveloped countries and is a serious health threat to those living in unsanitary conditions. the major virulence factor is cholera toxin (ct), which consists of two subunits: the a subunit (cta) and the b subunit (ctb). ctb is a 55 kd homopentameric, non-toxic protein binding to the gm1 ganglioside on mammalian cells with high affinity. currently, recombinantly produced ctb is used as a component o ...	2015	25802972
high production of neuraminidase by a vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain--the first possible alternative to toxigenic producers.	vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcna) is widely used in biochemical and medical research, in processes for preparing homogenous sialoconjugates, and in the pharmaceutical industry. its production by non-toxigenic strains is quite desirable, in order to avoid the expensive safety measures. here, we report the first method for highly effective production of a novel, purified v. cholerae extracellular neuraminidase from a non-toxigenic strain. the enzyme is highly active, and its properties, as well ...	2015	25805019
meddling vibrio cholerae murmurs: a neoteric advancement in cholera research.	cholera, a known diarrheal disease is associated with various risk factors like hypovolemic shock, rice watery stools, and death in developing countries. the overuse of antibiotics to treat cholera imposed a selective pressure for the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant vibrio cholerae strains. the failure of conventional antimicrobial therapy urged the researchers to find an alternative therapy that could meddle the cholera murmurs (quorum sensing). it seems to effectively overcome the ...	2015	25805898
active site and remote contributions to catalysis in methylthioadenosine nucleosidases.	5'-methylthioadenosine/s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine nucleosidases (mtans) catalyze the hydrolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine to adenine and 5-methylthioribose. the amino acid sequences of the mtans from vibrio cholerae (vcmtan) and escherichia coli (ecmtan) are 60% identical and 75% similar. protein structure folds and kinetic properties are similar. however, binding of transition-state analogues is dominated by favorable entropy in vcmtan and by enthalpy in ecmtan. catalytic sites of vcmtan and ecm ...	2015	25806409
whole-genome sequencing of a vibrio cholerae el tor strain isolated in the imported cholera focus in siberia.	the draft genome sequence of vibrio cholerae o1 strain i-1263, isolated from a patient in the imported focus in siberia, was determined. the established structural features of the mobile genetic elements indicate stage-by-stage formation of a highly pathogenic v. cholerae clone and promote understanding of the mechanisms of evolutionary pathogen transformations.	2015	25814617
dimeric wh2 repeats of vopf sequester actin monomers into non-nucleating linear string conformations: an x-ray scattering study.	vopf and vopl are highly similar virulence-factors of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus respectively that disrupt the host's actin cytoskeleton, using a unique organization in dimerized wh2 repeats. association of dimerized wh2 domains with the barbed face of actin confers multifunctional activities to vopf in vitro, including g-actin sequestration and filament nucleation, barbed end tracking and uncapping. here, small angle x-ray scattering (saxs) measurements of complexes of vopf wit ...	2015	25818509
"quorum non-sensing": social cheating and deception in vibrio cholerae.	quorum sensing (qs) is widely used by bacteria to coordinate behavior in response to external stimuli. in vibrio cholerae, this process is important for environmental survival and pathogenesis, though, intriguingly, a large percentage of natural isolates are qs deficient. here, we show that qs-deficient mutants can spread as social cheaters by ceasing production of extracellular proteases under conditions requiring their growth. we further show that mutants stimulate biofilm formation and are ov ...	2015	25819968
the cpx system regulates virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae.	bacteria possess signal transduction pathways capable of sensing and responding to a wide variety of signals. the cpx envelope stress response, composed of the sensor histidine kinase cpxa and the response regulator cpxr, senses and mediates adaptation to insults to the bacterial envelope. the cpx response has been implicated in the regulation of a number of envelope-localized virulence determinants across bacterial species. here, we show that activation of the cpx pathway in vibrio cholerae el ...	2015	25824837
a cis-regulatory antisense rna represses translation in vibrio cholerae through extensive complementarity and proximity to the target locus.	as with all facultative pathogens, vibrio cholerae must optimize its cellular processes to adapt to different environments with varying carbon sources and to environmental stresses. more specifically, in order to metabolize mannitol, v. cholerae must regulate the synthesis of mtla, a mannitol transporter protein produced exclusively in the presence of mannitol. we previously showed that a cis-acting small rna (srna) expressed by v. cholerae, mtls, appears to post-transcriptionally downregulate t ...	2015	25826566
the vrra srna controls a stationary phase survival factor vrp of vibrio cholerae.	small non-coding rnas (srnas) are emerging regulatory elements in bacteria. the vibrio cholerae srna vrra has previously been shown to down-regulate outer membrane proteins (ompa and ompt) and biofilm matrix protein (rbmc) by base-pairing with the 5' region of the corresponding mrnas. in this study, we present an additional target of vrra in v. cholerae, the mrna coding for the ribosome binding protein vrp. vrp is homologous to ribosome-associated inhibitor a (raia) of escherichia coli which fac ...	2015	25826569
complete topology of the rnf complex from vibrio cholerae.	rnf is a redox-driven ion (na(+) and in one case possibly h(+)) transporter present in many prokaryotes. it has been proposed that rnf performs a variety of reactions in different organisms, delivering low-potential reducing equivalents for specific cellular processes. rnf shares strong homology with the na(+)-pumping respiratory enzyme na(+)-nqr, although there are significant differences in subunit and redox cofactor composition. here we report a topological analysis of the six subunits of rnf ...	2015	25831459
enzymatic electrochemical detection of epidemic-causing vibrio cholerae with a disposable oligonucleotide-modified screen-printed bisensor coupled to a dry-reagent-based nucleic acid amplification assay.	in this study, we developed a nucleic acid-sensing platform in which a simple, dry-reagent-based nucleic acid amplification assay is combined with a portable multiplex electrochemical genosensor. preparation of an amplification reaction mix targeting multiple dna regions of interest is greatly simplified because the lyophilized reagents need only be reconstituted with ultrapure water before the dna sample is added. the presence of single or multiple target dnas causes the corresponding single-st ...	2015	25835520
biodegradable polymeric microsphere-based vaccines and their applications in infectious diseases.	vaccination, which provides effective, safe infectious disease protection, is among the most important recent public health and immunological achievements. however, infectious disease remains the leading cause of death in developing countries because several vaccines require repeated administrations and children are often incompletely immunized. microsphere-based systems, providing controlled release delivery, can obviate the need for repeat immunizations. here, we review the function of sustain ...	0	25839217
[cholera vibrio biofilm: production, characterization and role in reservation of causative agent in water environment].	experimental production, characterization and evaluation of the role of cholera vibrio biofilm.	2015	25842946
[improvement of laboratory diagnostics of cholera due to genetically altered (hybrid) variants of cholera vibrio biovar el tor].	improvement of laboratory diagnostics of cholera taking into the account appearance of hybrid variants of cholera vibrio el tor biovar in the 1990s.	2015	25842952
analysis of gene expression profiles associated with glioma progression.	the present study aimed to investigate changes at the transcript level that are associated with spontaneous astrocytoma progression, and further, to discover novel targets for glioma diagnosis and therapy. gse4290 microarray data downloaded from gene expression omnibus were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (dges) by significant analysis of microarray (sam). the short time series expression miner (stem) method was then applied to class these degs based on their degrees of diffe ...	2015	25845910
dynamics of vibrio cholerae abundance in austrian saline lakes, assessed with quantitative solid-phase cytometry.	in order to elucidate the main predictors of vibrio cholerae dynamics and to estimate the risk of vibrio cholera-related diseases, a recently developed direct detection approach based on fluorescence in situ hybridization and solid-phase cytometry (card-fish/spc) was applied in comparison to cultivation for water samples from the lake neusiedler see, austria and three shallow alkaline lakes over a period of 20 months. vibrio cholerae attached to crustacean zooplankton was quantified via fish and ...	2015	25847810
mechanisms of inflammasome activation by vibrio cholerae secreted toxins vary with strain biotype.	activation of inflammasomes is an important aspect of innate immune responses to bacterial infection. recent studies have linked vibrio cholerae secreted toxins to inflammasome activation by using murine macrophages. to increase relevance to human infection, studies of inflammasome-dependent cytokine secretion were conducted with the human thp-1 monocytic cell line and corroborated in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). both el tor and classical strains of v. cholerae activ ...	2015	25847959
gemm-i riboswitches from geobacter sense the bacterial second messenger cyclic amp-gmp.	cyclic dinucleotides are an expanding class of signaling molecules that control many aspects of bacterial physiology. a synthase for cyclic amp-gmp (cag, also referenced as 3'-5', 3'-5' cgamp) called dncv is associated with hyperinfectivity of vibrio cholerae but has not been found in many bacteria, raising questions about the prevalence and function of cag signaling. we have discovered that the environmental bacterium geobacter sulfurreducens produces cag and uses a subset of gemm-i class ribos ...	2015	25848022
control of bacterial exoelectrogenesis by c-amp-gmp.	major changes in bacterial physiology including biofilm and spore formation involve signaling by the cyclic dinucleotides c-di-gmp and c-di-amp. recently, another second messenger dinucleotide, c-amp-gmp, was found to control chemotaxis and colonization by vibrio cholerae. we have identified a superregulon of genes controlled by c-amp-gmp in numerous deltaproteobacteria, including geobacter species that use extracellular insoluble metal oxides as terminal electron acceptors. this exoelectrogenic ...	2015	25848023
proteolysis of virulence regulator toxr is associated with entry of vibrio cholerae into a dormant state.	vibrio cholerae o1 is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments and causes the diarrheal disease, cholera. two of its primary virulence regulators, tcpp and toxr, are localized in the inner membrane. tcpp is encoded on the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi), a horizontally acquired mobile genetic element, and functions primarily in virulence gene regulation. tcpp has been shown to undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip) in response to environmental conditions that are unfavorable for ...	2015	25849031
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the periplasmic haem-binding protein hutb from vibrio cholerae.	the mechanism of haem transport across the inner membrane of pathogenic bacteria is currently insufficiently understood at the molecular level and no information is available for this process in vibrio cholerae. to obtain structural insights into the periplasmic haem-binding protein hutb from v. cholerae (vchutb), which is involved in haem transport through the hutbcd haem-transport system, at the atomic level, vchutb was cloned, overexpressed and crystallized using 1.6 m ammonium sulfate as a p ...	2015	25849499
role of methylthioadenosine/s-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase in vibrio cholerae cellular communication and biofilm development.	in vibrio cholerae, the genes required for biofilm development are repressed by quorum sensing at high cell density due to the accumulation in the medium of two signaling molecules, cholera autoinducer 1 (cai-1) and autoinducer 2 (ai-2). a significant fraction of toxigenic v. cholerae isolates, however, exhibit dysfunctional quorum sensing pathways. it was reported that transition state analogs of the enzyme methylthioadenosine/s-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (mtnn) required to make ai-2 inh ...	2015	25849889
biocompatible capped iron oxide nanoparticles for vibrio cholerae detection.	we report the studies relating to fabrication of an efficient immunosensor for vibrio cholerae detection. magnetite (iron oxide (fe(3)o(4))) nanoparticles (nps) have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method and capped by citric acid (ca). these nps were electrophoretically deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ito)-coated glass substrate and used for immobilization of monoclonal antibodies against vibrio cholerae (ab) and bovine serum albumin (bsa) for vibrio cholerae detection using an electr ...	2015	25850702
expression and functional validation of heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) and cholera toxin b (ctb) subunits in transgenic rice (oryza sativa).	we expressed the heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) subunit from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and the cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit from vibrio cholerae under the control of the rice (oryza sativa) globulin (glb) promoter. binding of recombinant ltb and ctb proteins was confirmed based on gm1-ganglioside binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (gm1-elisa). real-time pcr of three generations (t3, t4, and t5) in homozygous lines (lci-11) showed single copies of ltb, ctb, bar and tnos. ltb and ...	2015	25853032
increased isolation frequency of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 from environmental monitoring sites in haiti.	since the identification of the first cholera case in 2010, the disease has spread in epidemic form throughout the island nation of haiti; as of 2014, about 700,000 cholera cases have been reported, with over 8,000 deaths. while case numbers have declined, the more fundamental question of whether the causative bacterium, vibrio cholerae has established an environmental reservoir in the surface waters of haiti remains to be elucidated. in a previous study conducted between april 2012 and march 20 ...	2015	25853552
antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts.	foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ...	2015	25856120
liposome reconstitution and transport assay for recombinant transporters.	secondary active transporters are responsible for the cellular uptake of many biologically important molecules, including neurotransmitters, nutrients, and drugs. because of their physiological and clinical importance, a method for assessing their transport activity in vitro is necessary to gain a better understanding of how these transporters function at the molecular level. in this chapter, we describe a protocol for reconstituting the concentrative nucleoside transporter from vibrio cholerae ...	2015	25857791
clonal dissemination of a single vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strain in sistan-baluchestan province of iran during 2013.	although much is known about the mechanisms affecting cholera spread, cholera outbreaks occur annually in iran. the aim of this study was to characterize and assess the clonal correlation of strains obtained from an outbreak in 2013 in iran. thirty-three strains of vibrio cholerae were isolated from stool sample of patients majority of them belonged to afghan nationality. pcr and sequencing analysis was performed to characterize virulence and resistance associates genes and cassettes. clonality ...	2015	25862465
nitric oxide is a potent inhibitor of the cbb(3)-type heme-copper oxidases.	c-type heme-copper oxidases terminate the respiratory chain in many pathogenic bacteria, and will encounter elevated concentrations of no produced by the immune defense of the host. thus, a decreased sensitivity to no in c-type oxidases would increase the survival of these pathogens. here we have compared the inhibitory effect of no in c-type oxidases to that in the mitochondrial a-type. we show that o2-reduction in both the rhodobacter sphaeroides and vibrio cholerae c-type oxidases is strongly ...	2015	25862499
structural basis for the catalytic mechanism of dncv, bacterial homolog of cyclic gmp-amp synthase.	cyclic dinucleotides (cdns) play key roles as second messengers and signaling molecules in bacteria and metazoans. the newly identified dinucleotide cyclase in vibrio cholerae (dncv) produces three different cdns containing two 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds, and its predominant product is cyclic gmp-amp, whereas mammalian cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas) produces only cyclic gmp-amp containing mixed 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds. we report the crystal structures of v. cholerae and escherichia coli dncv ...	2015	25865248
plant-based production of two chimeric monoclonal igg antibodies directed against immunodominant epitopes of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide.	we have produced and characterized two chimeric human igg1 monoclonal antibodies that bind different immunodominant epitopes on vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps). mab 2d6 igg1 recognizes ogawa o-polysaccharide antigen, while mab zac-3 igg1 recognizes core/lipid a moiety of ogawa and inaba lps. both antibodies were expressed using a nicotiana benthamiana-based rapid antibody-manufacturing platform (ramp) and evaluated in vitro for activities associated with immunity to v. cholerae, includi ...	2015	25865265
enhanced resistance to several abiotic stresses in vibrio cholerae during starvation.	in this study, we investigated whether vibrio cholerae cells exposed to nutrient-limited conditions developed resistance to abiotic stresses because of which most, if not all, starved cells turn coccoid in shape and exhibited marked resistance to freezing, low ph, and chlorine, but not against bile.	2015	25866118
in silico phylogenetic analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates based on three housekeeping genes.	vibrio cholera, a gram-negative bacterium, has been categorised into clinical and environmental species. phylogenetic studies have been performed to investigate the relationships of the v. cholerae populations in worldwide. in this study, phylogenetic relationship between v. cholerae isolates from iran and other regions of the world was determined, based on three housekeeping genes analysis. results for iranian strains showed that congruency of asd and hlya phylogenetic trees were remarkably hig ...	2015	25869320
molecular characterization of iscr1-mediated blaper-1 in a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain from china.	we report the detection of per-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) in a clinical non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain from china. iscr1-mediated bla(per-1) was embedded in a complex in4 family class 1 integron belonging to the lineage of tn1696 on a conjugative inca/c plasmid. a free 8.98-kb circular molecule present with the iscr1-bla(per-1)-truncated 3'-conserved sequence (cs) structure was detected in this isolate. these findings may provide insight into the mobilization of bla(per-1).	2015	25870070
enzyme-based microfluidic chip coupled to graphene electrodes for the detection of d-amino acid enantiomer-biomarkers.	an electrochemical microfluidic strategy for the separation and enantiomeric detection of d-methionine (d-met) and d-leucine (d-leu) is presented. these d-amino acids (d-aas) act as biomarkers involved in relevant diseases caused by vibrio cholerae. on a single layout microfluidic chip (mc), highly compatible with extremely low biological sample consumption, the strategy allowed the controlled microfluidic d-aa separation and the specific reaction between d-amino acid oxidase (daao) and each d-a ...	2015	25870911
quadruple quorum-sensing inputs control vibrio cholerae virulence and maintain system robustness.	bacteria use quorum sensing (qs) for cell-cell communication to carry out group behaviors. this intercellular signaling process relies on cell density-dependent production and detection of chemical signals called autoinducers (ais). vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, detects two ais, cai-1 and ai-2, with two histidine kinases, cqss and luxq, respectively, to control biofilm formation and virulence factor production. at low cell density, these two signal receptors function in parall ...	2015	25874462
serine 26 in the pomb subunit of the flagellar motor is essential for hypermotility of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is motile by means of its single polar flagellum which is driven by the sodium-motive force. in the motor driving rotation of the flagellar filament, a stator complex consisting of subunits poma and pomb converts the electrochemical sodium ion gradient into torque. charged or polar residues within the membrane part of pomb could act as ligands for na+, or stabilize a hydrogen bond network by interacting with water within the putative channel between poma and pomb. by analyzing a ...	2015	25874792
genomic location of the major ribosomal protein gene locus determines vibrio cholerae global growth and infectivity.	the effects on cell physiology of gene order within the bacterial chromosome are poorly understood. in silico approaches have shown that genes involved in transcription and translation processes, in particular ribosomal protein (rp) genes, localize near the replication origin (oric) in fast-growing bacteria suggesting that such a positional bias is an evolutionarily conserved growth-optimization strategy. such genomic localization could either provide a higher dosage of these genes during fast g ...	2015	25875621
establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from thymus of striped snakehead, channa striatus (bloch 1793).	the establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from the thymus of air-breathing fish channa striatus are described. the cell line, designated c. striatus thymus (cst), has been subcultured over 71 times and shows optimal growth at 28°c in leibovitz's-15 (l-15) medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. the cst cells exhibited low plating efficiency which improved with increase in seeding density. the karyotype analysis revealed that cst cells have a normal diploid karyoty ...	2015	25877070
biological characterization of v. cholerae-specific bacteriophages isolated from water sources in georgia.	vibrio cholerae, a widely spread bacterium in various marine, fresh, and brackish water environments, can cause a devastating diarrheal disease - cholera and also mild forms of gastroenteritis. bacterial viruses are natural controllers of bacterial population density in water systems. the goal of this study was to isolate and characterize v. cholerae-specific bacteriophages occurring in the georgian coastal zone of the black sea and inland water reservoirs in the eastern part of georgia. during ...	2015	25879562
electrochemical genosensor assay using lyophilized gold nanoparticles/latex microsphere label for detection of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cholera, a diarrheal disease. cholera is widespread in poor, under-developed or disaster-hit countries that have poor water sanitation. hence, a rapid detection method for v. cholerae in the field under these resource-limited settings is required. in this paper, we describe the development of an electrochemical genosensor assay using lyophilized gold nanoparticles/latex microsphere (aunps-psa) reporter label. the reporter label mixture was ...	2015	25882423
(p)ppgpp, a small nucleotide regulator, directs the metabolic fate of glucose in vibrio cholerae.	when v. cholerae encounters nutritional stress, it activates (p)ppgpp-mediated stringent response. the genes rela and relv are involved in the production of (p)ppgpp, whereas the spot gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes it. herein, we show that the bacterial capability to produce (p)ppgpp plays an essential role in glucose metabolism. the v. cholerae mutants defective in (p)ppgpp production (i.e. δrelaδrelv and δrelaδrelvδspot mutants) lost their viability because of uncontrolled production o ...	2015	25882848
antibacterial and antispasmodic activities of a dichloromethane fraction of an ethanol extract of stem bark of piliostigma reticulatum.	this study presents the antispasmodic and antibacterial properties of an ethanol extract and fractions the of stem bark of piliostigma reticulatum.	2017	25883517
endopeptidase-mediated beta lactam tolerance.	in many bacteria, inhibition of cell wall synthesis leads to cell death and lysis. the pathways and enzymes that mediate cell lysis after exposure to cell wall-acting antibiotics (e.g. beta lactams) are incompletely understood, but the activities of enzymes that degrade the cell wall ('autolysins') are thought to be critical. here, we report that vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, is tolerant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. in response to a wide variety of cell wall--acting ant ...	2015	25884840
evaluation of the medicinal properties of cyrtocarpa procera kunth fruit extracts.	the fruit of cyrtocarpa procera is used to treat stomach diseases by people living in san rafael, coxcatlan, puebla. this work investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit produced by this species.	2015	25887560
the vieb auxiliary protein negatively regulates the viesa signal transduction system in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen that lives in the aquatic environment and the human host. the ability of v. cholerae to monitor environmental changes as it transitions between these diverse environments is vital to its pathogenic lifestyle. one way v. cholerae senses changing external stimuli is through the three-component signal transduction system, viesab, which is encoded by the viesab operon. the viesab system plays a role in the inverse regulation of biofilm and virulence genes by ...	2015	25887601
multidrug resistant vibrio cholerae o1 from clinical and environmental samples in kathmandu city.	cholera, an infectious disease caused by vibrio cholerae, is a major public health problem and is a particularly burden in developing countries including nepal. although the recent worldwide outbreaks of cholera have been due to v. cholerae el tor, the classical biotypes are still predominant in nepal. serogroup o1 of the v. cholerae classical biotype was the primary cause of a cholera outbreak in kathmandu in 2012. thus, this study was designed to know serotypes and biotypes of v. cholerae stra ...	2015	25888391
living in the matrix: assembly and control of vibrio cholerae biofilms.	nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. biofilms are associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are encased by a self-produced or acquired extracellular matrix. vibrio cholerae has been studied as a model organism for understanding biofilm formation in environmental pathogens, as it spends much of its life cycle outside of the human host in the aquatic environment. given the important role of biofilm formation in ...	2015	25895940
comprehensive functional analysis of the 18 vibrio cholerae n16961 toxin-antitoxin systems substantiates their role in stabilizing the superintegron.	the role of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems, which are ubiquitous within the genomes of free-living bacteria, is still debated. we have scanned the vibrio cholerae n16961 genome for class 2 ta genes and identified 18 gene pair candidates. interestingly, all but one are located in the chromosome 2 superintegron (si). the single ta found outside the si is located on chromosome 1 and is related to the well-characterized hipab family, which is known to play a role in antibiotic persistence. ...	2015	25897030
antimicrobial drug resistance of vibrio cholerae, democratic republic of the congo.	we analyzed 1,093 vibrio cholerae isolates from the democratic republic of the congo during 1997-2012 and found increasing antimicrobial drug resistance over time. our study also demonstrated that the 2011-2012 epidemic was caused by an el tor variant clonal complex with a single antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile.	2015	25897570
hybrid vibrio cholerae el tor lacking sxt identified as the cause of a cholera outbreak in the philippines.	cholera continues to be a global threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. in 2011, a cholera outbreak occurred in palawan, philippines, affecting more than 500 people, and 20 individuals died. vibrio cholerae o1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. source attribution is critical in cholera outbreaks for proper management of the disease, as well as to control spread. in this study, three v. cholerae o1 isolates from a philippines cholera outbreak were sequenced and their genomes ana ...	2015	25900650
giving structure to the biofilm matrix: an overview of individual strategies and emerging common themes.	biofilms are communities of microbial cells that underpin diverse processes including sewage bioremediation, plant growth promotion, chronic infections and industrial biofouling. the cells resident in the biofilm are encased within a self-produced exopolymeric matrix that commonly comprises lipids, proteins that frequently exhibit amyloid-like properties, edna and exopolysaccharides. this matrix fulfils a variety of functions for the community, from providing structural rigidity and protection f ...	2015	25907113
spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis.	the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ...	2015	25908431
protonography, a powerful tool for analyzing the activity and the oligomeric state of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of porphyromonas gingivalis.	carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes, mostly containing zinc within their active site, which catalyze a simple but physiologically relevant reaction in all life kingdoms, carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. six ca classes (α, β, γ, δ, ζ and η) and multiple ca isoforms evolved in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, for facing the need to efficiently convert high amounts of co2 to its hydration products. these enzymes are thus involved in many physiologic ...	2015	25910585
two conserved amino acids of juxtaposed domains of a ribosomal maturation protein cgta sustain its optimal gtpase activity.	cgta is a highly conserved ribosome binding protein involved in ribosome biogenesis and associated with stringent response. it is a 55 kda gtpase protein consisting of gtpase, obg and c-terminal domains. the function of the latter two domains was not clear and despite the importance, the mode of action of cgta is still largely unknown. knocking out of cgta gene is lethal and mutations lead to growth, sporulation and developmental defects in bacteria. it was found that a growth defect and pinhole ...	2015	25912137
whole-genome sequence comparisons reveal the evolution of vibrio cholerae o1.	the analysis of the whole-genome sequences of vibrio cholerae strains from previous and current cholera pandemics has demonstrated that genomic changes and alterations in phage ctx (particularly in the gene encoding the b subunit of cholera toxin) were major features in the evolution of v. cholerae. recent studies have revealed the genetic mechanisms in these bacteria by which new variants of v. cholerae are generated from type-specific strains; these mechanisms suggest that certain strains are ...	2015	25913612
tracking the elusive function of bacillus subtilis hfq.	rna-binding protein hfq is a key component of the adaptive responses of many proteobacterial species including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and vibrio cholera. in these organisms, the importance of hfq largely stems from its participation to regulatory mechanisms involving small non-coding rnas. in contrast, the function of hfq in gram-positive bacteria has remained elusive and somewhat controversial. in the present study, we have further addressed this point by comparing growth phenoty ...	2015	25915524
gbpa as a novel qpcr target for the species-specific detection of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, non-o1/non-o139 in environmental, stool, and historical continuous plankton recorder samples.	the vibrio cholerae n-acetyl glucosamine-binding protein a (gbpa) is a chitin-binding protein involved in v. cholerae attachment to environmental chitin surfaces and human intestinal cells. we previously investigated the distribution and genetic variations of gbpa in a large collection of v. cholerae strains and found that the gene is consistently present and highly conserved in this species. primers and probe were designed from the gbpa sequence of v. cholerae and a new taq-based qpcr protocol ...	2015	25915771
[the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea].	to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens.	2015	25916780
stereoselective syntheses of the conjugation-ready, downstream disaccharide and phosphorylated upstream, branched trisaccharide fragments of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o139.	n-bromosuccinimide-mediated 4,6-o-benzylidene ring opening in 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-β-d-glucopyranoside afforded the corresponding 4-o-benzoyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy analogue, which was coupled with 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-o-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl chloride to give the 1,2-cis α-linked disaccharide as the major product. conventional hydroxyl group manipulation in the latter and products of further conversions gave the desired, functionalized disaccharide ...	2015	25928584
comparative sequence- and structure-inspired drug design for pilf protein of neisseria meningitidis.	serogroup a of neisseria meningitidis is the organism responsible for causing epidemic diseases in developing countries by a pilus-mediated adhesion to human brain endothelial cells. type iv pilus assembly protein (pilf) associated with bacterial adhesion, aggregation, invasion, host cell signaling, surface motility, and natural transformation can be considered as a candidate for effective anti-meningococcal drug development. since the crystal structure of pilf was not available, in the present ...	2015	25928839
type 3 secretion system island encoded proteins required for colonization by non-o1/non-o139 serogroup v. cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a genetically diverse species, and pathogenic strains can encode different virulence factors that mediate colonization and secretory diarrhea. although the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) is the primary colonization factor in epidemic causing v. cholerae strains, other strains do not encode tcp and instead promote colonization via the activity of a type three secretion system (t3ss). using the infant mouse model and t3ss-positive o39 serogroup strain am-19226, we sought to dete ...	2015	25939511
recognition of human milk oligosaccharides by bacterial exotoxins.	the affinities of the most abundant oligosaccharides found in human milk for four bacterial exotoxins (from vibrio cholerae and pathogenic escherichia coli) were quantified for the first time. association constants (ka) for a library of 20 human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) binding to shiga toxin type 2 holotoxin (stx2) and the b subunit homopentamers of cholera toxin, heat-labile toxin and shiga toxin type 1 (ctb5, hltb5 and stx1b5) were measured at 25°c and ph 7 using the direct electrospray i ...	2015	25941008
saxs data based global shape analysis of trigger factor (tf) proteins from e. coli, v. cholerae, and p. frigidicola: resolving the debate on the nature of monomeric and dimeric forms.	dimerization of bacterial chaperone trigger factor (tf) is an inherent protein concentration based property which available biophysical characterization and crystal structures have kept debatable. we acquired small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) intensity data from different tf homologues from escherichia coli (ectf), vibrio cholerae (vctf), and psychrobacter frigidicola (pftf) while varying each protein concentration. we found that ectf and vctf adopt a compact dimeric shape at higher concentrat ...	2015	25950744
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus in the aquacultural environments of taiwan.	the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. the halophilic v. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log cfu/g. v. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in ...	2015	25951392
a comparative study of bacterial and parasitic intestinal infections in india.	infectious diarrhea causes a major health problem in developing countries with significant morbidity and mortality. very often, rehydration therapy alone does not suffice, mandating the use of antimicrobial agents. however, rapidly decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility is complicating the matters.	2015	25954615
chemical communication in the gut: effects of microbiota-generated metabolites on gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.	gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize a host, not the least of which is the presence of the gut microbiota, the trillions of commensal microorganisms inhabiting mammals' digestive tracts, and their products. it is well established that a healthy gut microbiota provides its host with protection from numerous pathogens, including salmonella species, clostridium difficile, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae. conversely, pathogenic ...	2015	25958185
detection of vibrio cholerae by isothermal cross-priming amplification combined with nucleic acid detection strip analysis.	vibrio cholerae is a water- and food-borne human pathogen, and v. cholerae serotypes o1 and o139 have attracted attention because of their severe pathogenesis. however, non-o1, non-o139 cholera vibrios (ncvs) were also recently recognized as having virulence properties. in this study, we developed a cross-priming amplification (cpa) method for the detection of all serotypes of v. cholerae. the specificity of the cpa method was tested using a panel of 60 different bacterial strains. all of the v. ...	2015	25962828