Publications

the detection of aspergillus spp. by the polymerase chain reaction and its evaluation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the immunocompromised host. however, the diagnosis of this condition may be difficult, and it is sometimes missed because of the lack of sensitivity of available tests. therefore, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based amplification of fragments of genes-encoding alkaline proteases from aspergillus fumigatus and a. flavus to detect these organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens. the predi ...	1993	8239169
[aspergillus spondylodiscitis. apropos of 5 cases].	five cases of aspergillus discitis in male patients are reported. three patients had impaired immune responses as a result of immunosuppressive therapy following a heart transplant (two cases) or hairy cell leukemia (one case). two patients had a recent history of mycobacterial infection. all five patients were hospitalized for severe spinal pain suggestive of an inflammatory disease with no neurological abnormalities. erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in every case. the diagnosis of d ...	1993	8242025
[aspergillus spondylodiscitis. apropos of 3 cases].	three cases of aspergillus discitis are reported in immunodepressed patients. vertebrae osteomyelitis was preceded in 2 cases by pulmonary infection. the diagnosis was established in every case by disc aspiration or closed-needle-biopsy and mycological examination of the material. aspergillus fumigatus was identified in two cases; in one case itroconazole led to recovery within three months.	1993	8242026
defective antifungal activity of monocyte-derived macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus-infected children against aspergillus fumigatus.	invasive aspergillosis recently has been encountered in adults and children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection even without known risk factors, such as neutropenia or corticosteroid therapy. macrophages play a significant role in the host defenses against aspergillus organisms by ingesting conidia and preventing their germination to hyphae. the antifungal activity of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) from 19 hiv-infected children was compared with that of 16 norm ...	1993	8245547
identification of the 33-kda alkaline protease of aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and in vivo.	aspergillus fumigatus produced a 33-kda serine protease (alp) in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, this alkaline protease was secreted when the fungus was cultivated in the absence of protein, if the ph of the medium remained close to neutrality. western blotting and immunoelectronmicroscopy studies showed that alp was localised in the wall of the fungus and was degraded after secretion in the culture medium under conditions of low ph. although present in the lung during infection, alp did not appear ...	1993	8246256
low natural killer cell function in disseminated aspergillosis.	we investigated whether immune deficiency was associated with a fatal case of invasive cerebral aspergillosis due to aspergillus fumigatus infection. the lymphocyte proliferative capacity to t- and b-cell mitogens was comparable to that of healthy controls. however, the natural killer (nk) cell activity of the patient was 2-6-fold lower than the activity expressed by a paired control and age-sex matched healthy controls (n = 20). no specific abnormalities were evident in the capacity to transduc ...	1993	8248758
invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system.	advancing technology permits aggressive medical interventions that are often lifesaving, yet place the patient's immune system in temporary jeopardy. during the interval of immunocompromise, physicians must maintain vigilance for opportunistic infection by saprophytic organisms such as aspergillus. although the lung is the most common site of infection by this fungus, subsequent hematogenous dissemination with central nervous system involvement may occur. currently, the majority of aspergillus i ...	1993	8254235
ocular aspergillosis isolated in the anterior chamber.	in all cases in which ocular involvement has been reported in endogenous aspergillosis, the posterior segment of the eye was involved.	1993	8259279
[interstitial respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hairy-cell leukemia].		1993	8259358
[cavitary lung lesions in an immunosuppressed patient].		1993	8260520
endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent individual.	we present an unusual case of aspergillus fumigatus endogenous endophthalmitis in a 27 year old hispanic male with no history of ocular trauma, surgery, hematologic malignancy, compromised immune system, or intravenous drug use. the patient presented with a two-day history of pain, redness, and visual acuity of bare count fingers in his right eye. he was originally suspected of having toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, but clinically worsened on systemic anti-toxoplasma medication and corticosteroid ...	1993	8262711
fungitoxicity of essential oils against dermatophytes.	sixteen essential oils were screened in vitro for their fungitoxicity against the two dermatophytes trichophyton rubrum and microsporum gypseum. five oils (from artemisia nelagrica, caesulia axillaris, chenopodium ambrosioides, cymbopogon citratus and mentha arvensis) showed strong activity and were assessed for their fungitoxicity against eight other dermatophytes as well as against aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium trichoides. these five essential oils by formulation of ointments were abl ...	1993	8264720
invasive aspergillosis: host defenses.		1993	8265851
[invasive aspergillosis in surgical intensive care patients].	aspergillosis is a rare event in intensive care patients. three cases of invasive aspergillosis due to aspergillus fumigatus were diagnosed in a surgical critical care unit. risk factors for aspergillosis were found in two liver transplanted patients. one of them had a primitive cutaneous aspergillosis, and the other, treatment difficulties due to the unavailability of an injectable preparation of itraconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent efficient against aspergillus species. the third case ...	1993	8273926
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis.	in order to determine the incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), we reviewed the records of 236 patients followed up at the duke cf center. sixty patients (25 percent) had colonies of aspergillus fumigatus. these patients were older and had more severe disease as assessed by lower shwachman-kulczycki (s-k) scores than the patients who did not have evidence of a fumigatus. in 15 of the patients with a fumigatus (6.5 percent of the total ...	1994	8275769
diagnostic exercise: sudden death in colony-housed rufous hummingbirds (selasphorus rufus).		1993	8277734
[pulmonary mycetoma treatment in neutropenic patients].		1993	8281206
hyperimmune serum modulates allergic response to spores in a murine model of allergic aspergillosis.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a disease in atopic asthmatics characterized by eosinophilia and elevated levels of immunoglobulin e (ige) and igg antibodies to the ubiquitous fungus aspergillus fumigatus (af). the role of specific antibodies in the disease process is not clear. in this study, balb/c mice were injected with hyperimmune serum from syngeneic mice exposed to soluble antigen of af. these mice were then exposed to either af spores or soluble antigen. total ige, af-s ...	1994	8283139
detection of galactomannan and the 18 kda antigen from aspergillus fumigatus in serum and urine from cattle with systemic aspergillosis.	serum and urine samples from cattle with experimental and spontaneous systemic mycotic infections were tested for the presence of galactomannan and the 18 kda antigen from aspergillus fumigatus by an inhibition elisa and immunoblotting, respectively. high levels of galactomannan (approximately 80 ng/ml.) were detected in serum from two of three calves experimentally infected with a. fumigatus. in two out of three cows with spontaneous acquired aspergillosis a similar amount of galactomannan was ...	1993	8284952
invasive aspergillosis of the temporal bone: an unusual manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1993	8285317
efficacy of itraconazole solution in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis.	the efficacy of an itraconazole-cyclodextrin solution against aspergillus fumigatus was assessed in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis and compared with that of amphotericin b. oral itraconazole solution at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day improved survival as compared with that of controls. itraconazole (40 mg/kg/day) not only improved survival and reduced antigen levels but also significantly eradicated a. fumigatus from tissues and was as effectiv ...	1993	8285610
in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of d0870, a new triazole agent.	in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of d0870 were evaluated in comparison with those of fluconazole. d0870, which is the r-enantiomer of ici195,739, was found to be the mycologically active enantiomer by comparing the activities of d0870 with those of m16355 (s-enantiomer of ici195,739). d0870 showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and mics and minimum antibiotic concentrations 4- to 2,000-fold lower in synthetic amino acid medium (fungal) agar than those of fluconazole for variou ...	1993	8285626
experimental allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the mouse: immunological and histological features.	c57bl/6 mice treated with intranasal instillation of 100 micrograms of aspergillus antigen three times a week developed a pulmonary eosinophilia, observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and on histopathological examination. at week 3, the instillation of aspergillus antigen provoked a 10-fold increase in the bal cell number and eosinophils were the predominant inflammatory cells (66.4%). histopathological findings showed focal alveolar lesions with peribronchial and perivascular infiltratio ...	1994	8290890
[air sac mycosis: topical treatment using enilconazole administered via indwelling catheter].	in a horse with chronic unilateral nasal discharge guttural pouch mycosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus was diagnosed. a percutaneous indwelling catheter was surgically installed in the left guttural pouch. initial treatment with a povidone iodine solution proved to be unsatisfactory. treatment was continued by administering enilconazole by ways of an indwelling through-the-nose-catheter. the latter treatment resulted in complete recovery.	1994	8291049
local and systemic antibody production in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to quantify isotype-specific antibody to micropolyspora faeni and to aspergillus fumigatus in the sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) of normal horses, horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and horses with other chronic respiratory diseases. elevated antibody levels were not detected in the sera of affected horses. however, both ige and iga antibody to both allergens was significantly elevated in balf in copd affec ...	1993	8291200
phosphotransferase system of streptococcus salivarius: characterization of the ptsh gene and its product.	the streptococcus salivarius ptsh gene encoding histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (hpr) of the phosphotransferase system (pts) has been cloned, sequenced, and found to be part of a ptsh, ptsi operon. upstream from ptsh, putative -35 and -10 boxes and a shine-dalgarno sequence highly similar to the escherichia coli consensus regulatory elements were identified. a second promoter, located in the ptsh coding sequence was also observed and is sufficient for the expression of the s. salivar ...	1993	8294015
[semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. apropos of a case].	a 43-year-old man was admitted to hospital for excavated pneumopathy of the upper part of the right lung, revealed by signs of respiratory infection evolving for a few weeks and involving a 10-kg weight loss. the radiological and clinical evolution and the demonstration of aspergillus fumigatus allowed establishing a diagnosis of semi-invasive aspergillosis. the treatment, associating amphotericin b and 5-fluorocytosine, replaced by itraconazole 15 days later, soon produced clinical healing and ...	1993	8296152
cell wall antigens in aspergillus fumigatus.	the aspergillus cell wall contains most of the antigens secreted by the fungus during its active in vitro or in vivo growth. these antigens, which bind to the ige and igg of allergic and aspergilloma patients or are secreted in the biological fluids of patients with invasive aspergillosis, are of primary importance in the diagnosis of aspergillosis. located at the interface between host and pathogen cells, the fungal cell wall plays a major role during fungal invasion. it contains several surfac ...	1993	8298277
comparative efficacy of amphotericin b, clotrimazole and itraconazole against aspergillus spp. an in vitro study.	the susceptibilities of two isolates of aspergillus flavus, one from a human case of recalcitrant mycotic keratitis, and an environmental isolate of a. fumigatus, to itraconazole, clotrimazole and amphotericin b were measured. observations of macroscopic growth and microscopic evaluations of conidia germination both indicated that the two isolates of a. flavus were markedly more resistant to amphotericin b than to itraconazole and clotrimazole. itraconazole was more effective than clotrimazole f ...	1993	8302362
isolation and structure of novel defensive peptides from frog skin.	in addition to the highly specific cell-mediated immune system, vertebrates possess an efficient host-defense mechanism against invading microorganisms which involves the synthesis of highly potent antimicrobial peptides with a large spectrum of activity. a 34-residue cationic and amphiphatic peptide, designated dermaseptin i, was recently isolated from the skin of the arboreal frog phyllomedusa sauvagii and was shown to exhibit microbicidal activity against various pathogenic microorganisms inc ...	1994	8306981
atopic children with cystic fibrosis have increased urinary leukotriene e4 concentrations and more severe pulmonary disease.	we investigated the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotriene (lt) production is altered in atopic patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).	1994	8308175
outbreak of mycotic tracheitis in domestic fowl.	an outbreak of mycotic tracheitis was observed in 8000 2-month-old, female white leghorn birds. the birds were showing difficult respiration and there was mortality of 7-8 birds daily in the flock. on post-mortem examination of the affected birds, the trachea was found to be occluded with a white caseous mass. microscopically hyphae were found invading the tracheal epithelium, cartilage and serosal layer along with infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated i ...	1993	8316263
investigation of possible adverse allergic reactions to mycoprotein ('quorn').	mycoprotein ('quorn') is a food produced for human consumption from fusarium graminearum. crossreactivity studies showed that mycoprotein shared multiple common allergenic determinants with aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium herbarum and some with alternaria alternata. there is, therefore, a potential for mould allergic patients to react adversely to inhaled or ingested mycoprotein. mycoprotein rast screening of mycoprotein production workers was made during a 2 year period. two of the produ ...	1993	8319120
environmental exposure to aspergillus fumigatus allergen (asp f i).	asp f i is a major allergen produced by the mycelia of aspergillus fumigatus. it is not present in spores and can be used as a specific marker for the detection of germination of this fungus. we investigated the domestic and outdoor concentration of asp f i in poole, u.k. and charlottesville, va, u.s.a. asp f i was undetectable in 95% (281/296) of house dust extracts and present at low levels (< 0.17 micrograms/g of sieved dust, mean 0.038 micrograms/g) in the remainder. in contrast, asp fi coul ...	1993	8319130
specific amplification of aspergillus fumigatus dna by polymerase chain reaction.	we have developed a specific and sensitive method to detect the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with an objective of detecting the organism in peripheral blood and urine which can be obtained by non-invasive procedures. a pair of oligonucleotide primers for pcr were designed based on the published partial protein sequences of an 18 kd ige-binding protein of a. fumigatus asp f1 and the ribotoxins mitogillin and restrictocin of a. restrictus, and alpha-sarci ...	1993	8321251
infectious multifocal choroiditis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the purposes of this study are to determine the incidence of infectious opportunistic choroiditis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), to study the association of these choroidal infections with systemic dissemination, and to investigate the life expectancy and cause of death in patients with infectious opportunistic choroiditis.	1993	8321524
igg subclass response to aspergillus fumigatus.	the exact clinical meaning of the igg subclass antibodies remains obscure. in order to contribute to the study of the igg subclass response, specific iggtotal and igg subclass antibodies to aspergillus fumigatus (af) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in three groups of patients: 30 asthmatics due to an igg-mediated hypersensitivity to af, 30 atopic and 30 nonatopic controls. the results demonstrated that af-specific iggtotal, igg2 and igg4 antibodies are increased in a ...	1993	8324389
tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug vehicles in the treatment of experimental aspergillosis.	encapsulation of amphotericin b in tuftsin-bearing liposomes greatly increased its efficacy in treatment of human aspergillosis in mice. also, the drug efficacy was significantly increased by pretreating the animals with drug-free tuftsin-bearing liposomes. these results demonstrate that macrophage activation can considerably enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal drugs, like amphotericin b.	1993	8325389
mushroom worker's lung: serologic reactions to thermophilic actinomycetes present in the air of compost tunnels.	vast numbers of spores of the thermophilic actinomycetes excellospora flexuosa, thermomonospora alba, t. curvata and t. fusca were collected from the air in fermentation tunnels during the spawning of mushroom compost, i.e. over 10(9) cfu m-3 of air. five different genera of fungi, namely, aspergillus, aureobasidium, cladosporium, penicillium and scytalidium, were found at only 10(3) cfu m-3 of air. agaricus bisporus, used for spawning, was absent. sera of 10 mushroom growers affected by mushroo ...	1993	8326995
experimental murine mycotic placentitis and abortion. a potent animal model (short communication).	the model of murine mycotic placentitis shares a number of similarities with the disease in other mammals and therefore it seems applicable as a general model for the study of pathology and pathogenesis involved in the development of mycotic placentitis. moreover, the selective proliferation of fungi, especially demonstrated for a. fumigatus, and subsequent development of placentitis may serve as a general model for studies concerning biochemical, metabolic and physiological alterations taking p ...	1993	8329467
[disseminated aspergillosis in a woman with liver cirrhosis caused by viral c hepatitis].		1993	8330706
a rapid method for microbial sample preparation for the scanning electron microscope.	a synthetic aromatic polymer has been used for preparing replicas of different microorganisms. this method of preparing highly concentrated (9.6 k) microbiological samples for scanning electron microscopy was compared with a standard method. the micrographs of the replicated samples are satisfactory. this method is rapid, cost effective and produces good results, especially in the case of spore-forming mycelial microorganisms.	1993	8338893
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with middle lobe syndrome and allergic aspergillus sinusitis.	a 55 year old male, who had a 12 yr history of rhinorrhoea and nasal blockage, presented with a middle lobe syndrome. evaluation of the patient led to the diagnosis of concomitant allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with allergic aspergillus sinusitis, a rarely reported association.	1993	8339813
evidence of ige-mediated hypersensitivity in allergic fungal sinusitis.	despite documentation of specific immunologic hypersensitivity in a few case reports, controversy continues as to the role of allergy versus true infection in the clinical entity of allergic fungal sinusitis (afs). using a modified radioallergosorbent test (rast) to multiple fungal antigens, 16 patients meeting the histologic criteria of afs and with positive fungal cultures were compared to 5 control patients with similar preoperative clinical findings but without histologic or culture evidence ...	1993	8341095
preclinical & pharmaceutical testing of liposomal amphotericin b.	various liposomal amphotericin-b formulations prepared from soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were tested for toxicity, therapeutic efficacy and stability in mice infected with aspergillus fumigatus. no advantage was noted by removing the unencapsulated drug from that bound to liposomes, as evident by the ld50 and efficacy being similar with both dialyzed and undialyzed formulations. small unilamellar liposomes were more effective and less toxic, but also less stable, as compared to multi ...	1993	8344735
invasive aspergillosis in two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in complete remission.	invasive aspergillosis is a disease of the immunosuppressed patient. we describe two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who attained complete remission, with partial or complete bone marrow recovery, but who went on to develop fatal invasive aspergillosis contemporaneous with recovery of neutrophil counts. quantitative recovery of peripheral blood neutrophil counts does not guarantee control of aspergillus infection, perhaps due to functional neutrophil deficiencies post-chemotherapy, a ...	1993	8346142
primary non-hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in the upper extremity: a case report.		1993	8349966
efficacy of disinfectants against fungi isolated from skin and nail infections.	commercial disinfectants classified as fungicides may not be effective against commonly encountered fungi within reasonable periods. cell suspensions of clinical fungal isolates were exposed to use-dilutions of various disinfectants. quaternary ammonium compounds, iodophors, and phenolics were not fungicidal against all test fungi within 60 min of exposure. trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum, and aspergillus fumigatus were among the more resistant fungi. disinfectants that pos ...	1993	8350250
spinal epidural abscess due to aspergillus sp in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1993	8351562
responses of horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to inhalation challenges with mould antigens.	eight control and 8 asymptomatic copd-affected horses were given, on separate occasions, inhalation challenges with extracts of micropolyspora faeni, aspergillus fumigatus and thermoactinomyces vulgaris. all horses were also given nebulised phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) challenges and 'natural challenges' (ncs), i.e. exposure to hay and straw, as control challenges. responses were assessed by clinical, pulmonary mechanics, arterial blood gas tensions, arterial blood ph and bronchoalveolar lava ...	1993	8354208
evaluation of intradermal mould antigen testing in the diagnosis of equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	intradermal end-point titres for commercial aqueous extracts of micropolyspora faeni, thermoactinomyces vulgaris and aspergillus fumigatus were determined in control and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) affected horses. the intradermal end-point titres of control and copd-affected horses were not significantly different and values for individual horses for m. faeni, a. fumigatus and t. vulgaris were not correlated with the pulmonary dysfunction or with the bronchoalveolar lavage flui ...	1993	8354210
murine monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein antigens of aspergillus fumigatus show cross-reactivity with other fungi.	six monoclonal antibodies produced against aspergillus fumigatus were studied for their cross-reactivity against other fungal antigens from related and unrelated organisms. five of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with glycoprotein antigens as evidenced by their binding to concanavalin a, although one did not react with concanavalin a. the reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies with various antigens were studied by biotin-avidin linked immunosorbent assay and western blots. the results indic ...	1993	8354480
combination therapy in experimental invasive aspergillosis.	combination antifungal therapy was assessed in an immunosuppressed rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. treatment with fluconazole, amphotericin b, or a combination of both significantly prolonged survival of animals lethally challenged with aspergillus fumigatus. high-dose amphotericin b was the most effective therapy for invasive aspergillosis. although no antagonism was seen when fluconazole was given prophylactically or therapeutically in combination with amphotericin b, combination thera ...	1993	8354911
hypersensitivity pneumonitis resulting from aspergillus fumigatus in a greenhouse.	a 57-y-old female who had cultivated vegetables in a plastic greenhouse developed a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis from aspergillus fumigatus. this report exemplifies a potential hazard caused by a thermotolerant fungus, a. fumigatus, in a poorly constructed greenhouse.	1993	8357277
detection of gene-disruption events in aspergillus transformants by polymerase chain reaction direct from conidiospores.	we describe a rapid method for the identification of gene disruption events after dna-mediated transformation of aspergillus fumigatus. this involves a polymerase chain reaction in which the target dna is added in the form of intact conidiospores. using one primer specific to the plasmid dna and a second primer specific to the target gene on the chromosome, it is possible to identify gene disruption events among the more common ectopic integrations approximately 4 h after sporulating transforman ...	1993	8358825
a transformant of aspergillus fumigatus deficient in the antigenic cytotoxin aspfi.	the aspfi gene encoding a ribonucleotoxin, a putative virulence factor of aspergillus fumigatus, was inactivated by gene disruption. gene replacement through homologous recombination by the disrupted allele tagged by the hygromycin b resistance marker was performed by transformation of a pathogenic strain. one transformant with the disrupted aspfi gene failed to produce the aspfi protein and was shown to be pathogenic for mice. we concluded that this ribotoxin is not a main factor in the coloniz ...	1993	8359677
acquired immunity in experimental murine aspergillosis is mediated by macrophages.	a number of studies have substantiated the pivotal role of innate defense mechanisms in protection against invasive aspergillosis. however, experiments demonstrating increased resistance to lethal intravenous (i.v.) infection with aspergillus fumigatus conidia in cortisone-treated or untreated mice preinfected with a sublethal dose of conidia and protection of turkeys inoculated subcutaneously with a killed a. fumigatus germling vaccine against subsequent aerosol challenge led us to speculate th ...	1993	8359900
pyripyropenes, highly potent inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by aspergillus fumigatus.		1993	8360113
interaction between aspergillus fumigatus and basement membrane laminin: binding and substrate degradation.	aspergillus fumigatus, the causative agent of human aspergillosis, binds to and degrades basement membrane laminin. using immunoelectron microscopy, laminin binding appeared to be associated with the cell wall expansions of resting conidia, and progressively extended to the outer electron dense layer of the conidial wall during the germination process. labeling of thin sections revealed numerous binding sites in the cytoplasm, whereas the inner cell wall and the plasma membrane were not labeled. ...	1993	8364400
extracellular fibrinogenolytic enzyme of aspergillus fumigatus: substrate-dependent variations in the proteinase synthesis and characterization of the enzyme.	to get a better understanding of the role of the previously reported fibrinogenolytic enzyme of aspergillus fumigatus, we investigated the in vitro conditions of enzyme synthesis and attempted to characterize it. modification of the nitrogen source did not influence the extracellular serine-proteinase profile, but resulted in important quantitative differences in the yields in batch cultures. the enzyme synthesis appeared to be an inducible phenomenon in a. fumigatus since it was initiated exclu ...	1993	8364526
[pulmonary aspergillosis with air-fluid level in a cavity].	we experienced 17 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis with air-fluid level in a cavity. the incidence of this phenomenon was 39% in 44 patients who were diagnosed as having pulmonary aspergillosis during the period from 1983 to 1991 at yaizu municipal hospital. there were two clinical patterns: primary air-fluid type and secondary air-fluid type. primary air-fluid type disease began with cavitation with an air-fluid level. our 14 cases of this type had severe symptoms and inflammatory reaction. in ...	1993	8366618
recombinant aspergillus fumigatus allergen i/a (rasp f i/a) in the diagnosis of aspergillus related diseases.	a. fumigatus allergen i/a (rasp f i/a) was produced in escherichia coli, affinity purified by ni(2+)-chelate chromatography and refolded. rasp f i/a binds ige of a. fumigatus-allergic individuals as shown by elisa, dot blots and western blots. in addition, rasp i/a elicited positive immediate type i skin reactions in individuals allergic to a. fumigatus but not in control individuals. hence, rasp f i/a can be used as a standardized antigen/allergen for an improved serological and clinical diagno ...	1993	8368157
allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by pseudallescheria boydii.	two cases of allergic bronchopulmonary pseudallescheriosis (abpp) are described. these are the first cases of this allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (abpm) reported in which the clinical and serologic criteria are described. the first case was in a patient with mild asthma, and it resolved spontaneously after expectoration of a mucous plug. the second was in a patient with recurrent allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with an exacerbation of abpm caused by pseudallescheria boydii. the total ...	1993	8368653
aspergillosis with aspergillus osteomyelitis and diskitis after heart transplantation: surgical and medical management.	this is the report of a 49-year-old man, who could be cured of aspergillosis with aspergillus osteomyelitis and diskitis of the lumbar spine by medical and surgical therapy after heart retransplantation. aspergillus osteomyelitis and diskitis is a rare complication of invasive aspergillosis. lumbar involvement is the main manifestation, followed by rare locations in the tibia, ribs, wrist, sternum, pelvis, and knee. it is nearly always secondary to pulmonary aspergillosis, which occurs in about ...	1993	8369322
cyclosporin a increases the pulmonary eosinophilia induced by inhaled aspergillus antigen in mice.	we evaluated the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). mice instilled with 100 micrograms of aspergillus fumigatus antigen (intranasally, 3 days a week for 3 weeks) developed pulmonary lesions, characterized by a perivascular and peribronchial eosinophil infiltration, a bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) eosinophilia, and elevated levels of total ige, total igg1 and a. fumigatus-specific igg1. under the same conditions, groups of mice r ...	1993	8370161
interaction of itraconazole and digoxin.	a 69-year-old man who had been taking digoxin for 2.5 years developed an elevated serum concentration of digoxin in association with digoxin toxicity (characterized by nausea and vomiting) 9 days after the addition of itraconazole to his regimen for the treatment of sternal osteomyelitis. coadministration of itraconazole resulted in a statistically significant increase in the half-life of digoxin that necessitated a reduction of the digoxin dose by almost 60%. we thus recommend that patients rec ...	1993	8384010
complete eradication of aspergillus fumigatus from the lung in an immunocompromised patient by oral itraconazole.	itraconazole is a new orally active antifungal agent shown to have in vitro and experimental activity against aspergillus spp. this case report documents the successful eradication of biopsy-proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 17 year old boy with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. cerebral involvement by the fungal infection was suspected clinically but was not biopsy proven. although the patient subsequently died following bone marrow transplant and escherichia coli septicaemia there was no ...	1993	8387801
renal aspergilloma in aids.		1993	8388628
successful treatment of concomitant pulmonary nocardiosis and aspergillosis in an immunocompromised renal patient.	a case is reported of rapid onset concomitant pulmonary infection with nocardia and aspergillus fumigatus in a patient six weeks after the institution of immunosuppressive therapy for renal vasculitis. pulmonary lesions completely resolved on treatment with a combination of imipenem, cotrimoxazole and a prolonged course of itraconazole.	1993	8388790
an unusual form of pulmonary aspergillosis in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	two cases of an unusual pathologic form of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency virus are reported. each was characterized by chronic cavitary disease with involvement of small bronchioles and extension into subtending alveoli. it is suggested that this variant would best be described as chronic cavitary and invasive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. a prominent feature in each case was the presence of numerous cytomegalovirus inclusions adjacent to the cavities a ...	1993	8394049
invasive aspergillosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of 33 cases. french cooperative study group on aspergillosis in aids.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-associated invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a rare condition, which is mainly reported as isolated cases either antemortem or at autopsy. the role of aids itself is controversial, because many of the reported patients exhibited the classic risk factors such as neutropenia and steroid therapy. the aims of this study were to report 33 patients with ia during aids and their outcome, focusing on the risk factors and the value of diagnostic procedures.	1993	8395142
primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a preterm infant.	a case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a very low birthweight infant that responded to medical therapy is reported. knowledge of the potential pathogenic role of this organism in neonatal skin lesions is important because of resistance to standard empirical antibacterial therapy and the potential for dissemination and deep parenchymal invasion. surgical excision may be necessary if cutaneous aspergillosis progresses despite systemic antifungal therapy.	1993	8397559
epidemiology and diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in bone marrow transplant patients: results of a 5 year retrospective study.	of 322 patients undergoing allogeneic bmt, 18 developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis at a mean of 115 days post-transplant, with a mortality rate of 82%. pulmonary localization was common but cerebral involvement was seen in 10 of 18 patients. the diagnosis was made ante mortem in 11 patients by direct examination of pathological samples or culture and a. fumigatus was the only species isolated. specific antibodies were not demonstrated before or at the time of clinical symptoms and aspergil ...	1993	8401356
severe endophthalmitis after neonatal skin lesions with positive cultures of aspergillus fumigatus.		1993	8404979
evaluation of serological methods for determination of specific ige in diagnosis of aspergillus lung disease.	forty six patients clinically suspected to have aspergillus lung disease [bronchial asthma 17, allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) 22, aspergilloma 7] were evaluated by phadebas rast, phadezym rast (elisa) and avidin-biotin elisa for determination of specific ige. smear, culture, skin test against aspergillin, precipitin test and enzygnost (total ige) confirmed the diagnosis in 7 patients of extrinsic asthma due to conidia of aspergillus spp., 17 for abpa and 7 for aspergilloma among ...	1993	8406634
isolation and characterization of a secreted metalloprotease of aspergillus fumigatus.	a metalloprotease (mep) secreted by aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from an alkaline protease-deficient mutant after the fungus was cultivated in the presence of collagen as the sole nitrogen and carbon source. the enzyme was purified 50-fold from the culture supernatant after adsorption to hydroxylapatite and carboxy-methyl-sephadex and after gel filtration. the molecular mass was determined to be 40 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the isoelectric point was ...	1993	8406798
an 88-kilodalton antigen secreted by aspergillus fumigatus.	an 88-kda component secreted in vitro by aspergillus fumigatus has been purified by sequential chromatographic procedures. the molecule is a glycoprotein with an n-linked sugar moiety composed of mannose glucose, and galactose (16:10:1). it is recognized by antibodies from patients with aspergilloma and has potential for the immunodiagnosis of aspergilloma. the antigenicity is associated with the polypeptide part of the molecule (79 kda).	1993	8406876
typing of aspergillus species and aspergillus fumigatus isolates by interrepeat polymerase chain reaction.	polymerase chain reaction amplification of repetitive dna motifs allows discrimination of aspergillus species. in a preliminary survey, the dna fingerprints appear to be identical when isolates of aspergillus fumigatus are compared. when a primer deduced from a prokaryotic repeat motif is used, aspergillus fumigatus isolates originating from different patients or different anatomical locations can be typed individually.	1993	8408576
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of naphthalene-substituted derivatives of the allylamine antimycotic terbinafine.	derivatives of the allylamine antimycotic terbinafine (1) with varied substitution at the naphthalene ring system have been prepared, and their antifungal activity has been evaluated. in general, the potency is strongly dependent on the bulkiness of the substituent. only hydrogen or in some cases fluorine are tolerated as substituents at positions 2-4 and 6-8 of the naphthalene moiety, whereas 5-substituents may be larger in size (f, cl, br, me). derivatives with fluorine at positions 3, 5, and ...	1993	8410994
unusual form of endobronchial aspergillosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis.	the isolation of aspergillus fumigatus from airway secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is common and usually denotes asymptomatic colonization or allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). a 12-year-old boy with cf acutely developed moderately severe symptoms of unremitting cough, fever, dyspnea, weight loss, and cyanosis. chest radiographs demonstrated widespread unilateral infiltrates and volume loss. by bronchoscopy tenacious mucous plugs were seen occluding the left lowe ...	1993	8414745
[mycotic panophthalmitis in generalized aspergillosis].		1993	8415442
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	the history, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) are described. abpa is characterized by an immunologic reaction to the antigens of noninvasive aspergillus fumigatus, which colonizes the bronchial lumen of affected individuals. it is a potential and often unrecognized pulmonary fibrotic complication in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. abpa can occur at any age and may lead to cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, and de ...	1993	8428430
aspergillus prosthetic valve endocarditis.	a 66-year-old man developed aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis, complicated by an aortic root abscess 9 months after his aortic valve replacement with a carpentier edwards xenograft. the aortic root was replaced with an antibiotic-treated fresh homograft and anti-fungal chemotherapy commenced 24 hours later. one month after this he developed a retrosternal pseudo-aneurysm of the ascending aorta. at re-operation the homograft was heavily infected with fungal growths and the patient was considered ...	1993	8431305
pulmonary gangrene and the air crescent sign.	a study was carried out to increase familiarity with the aetiology, pathogenesis, and radiographic features that characterise pulmonary gangrene.	1993	8434358
cns aspergillosis in organ transplantation: a clinicopathological study.	the clinical characteristics and neuropathological findings of 22 organ transplant recipients with cns aspergillosis were reviewed. thirteen patients had liver, six kidney, two heart and one had cluster transplants. the most frequent neurological symptoms were alteration of mental status (86%), seizures (41%) and focal neurological deficits (32%). meningeal signs were less common (19%). aspergillus spp invasion of the blood vessels with subsequent ischaemic or haemorrhagic infarcts, and solitary ...	1993	8437008
aspergillus mastoiditis.		1993	8441542
characterization of the gene encoding alpha-sarcin, a ribosome-inactivating protein secreted by aspergillus giganteus.	the filamentous fungus, aspergillus giganteus, produces the extracellular ribosome-inactivating protein, alpha-sarcin (sar). the structural gene (sar) encoding sar was isolated and characterized by sequence analysis and expression in aspergillus niger. it codes for a precursor of 177 amino acids containing a secretion signal sequence that is absent in the mature protein. the nucleotide sequence contains several typical features of fungal genes, including a short intron of 65 bp. the transcriptio ...	1993	8444347
purified aspergillus proteins: going where no one has gone before.		1993	8445285
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a major concanavalin a--nonbinding antigen of aspergillus fumigatus.	a hybridoma secreting immunoglobulin g1 antibody was produced against aspergillus fumigatus. in this study we used interleukin-4 as a growth factor to augment the survival and multiplication of immunoglobulin g1-secreting hybridomas. the antigen recognized by this monoclonal antibody is a low-molecular weight concanavalin a-nonbinding component of a. fumigatus. the monoclonal antibody affinity-purified antigen showed specific reactivity with serum from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary asp ...	1993	8445291
vascular graft infection caused by aspergillus species: case report and review of the literature.	we report an unusual case of vascular graft infection caused by aspergillus fumigatus that began with a false aneurysm, major arterial emboli, and septic arthritis. successful treatment included resection of the infected graft, restoration of circulation by extraanatomic bypass, and administration of amphotericin b and itraconazole, a new antifungal agent. graft infection in the case reported herein most likely occurred during surgery and took place during an insidious outbreak of postoperative ...	1993	8445760
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as massive hemoptysis in a nonimmunocompromised host.	an 83-year-old nonimmunocompromised man presented with hemoptysis that progressed to respiratory failure and death. bronchoscopic cultures grew aspergillus fumigatus antemortem and an autopsy confirmed multiple abscesses with aspergillus confined to the lung.	1993	8449106
mediastinitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus with ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm in a heart transplant recipient: case study.	the case of a heart transplant recipient with a ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm caused by an aspergillus fumigatus mediastinitis is reported. contamination of surgical fields occurring by air seeding during surgery appears to be the most probable source of infection. subtle infectious signs of the wound and subacute course are remarkable features of this case.	1993	8449757
impairment of neutrophil antifungal activity against hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients may acquire invasive aspergillosis without previously recognized risk factors, such as neutropenia or corticosteroid therapy. because neutrophils (pmnl) are an important component of host defense in aspergillosis, the antifungal activity of pmnl against hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus in 31 hiv-infected children was assessed. hyphal damage was unaffected in 15 hiv-infected children with age-adjusted cd4 cell counts > or = 25% of the normal med ...	1993	8450255
[radio-opaque structures in the lumen of the maxillary sinus--value of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of maxillary aspergillosis].	11 patients with radio-opaque concrements in the sinus maxillaris underwent a preoperative computerized tomographic examination of the sinus maxillaris and the sinus concrements. 8 patients (72.7%) with the occurrence of radio-opaque concrements presented postoperative a histological and microbiological infection with aspergillus fumigatus. the ct-numbers of radio-opaque concrements in patients with aspergillus were 2802 +/- 302.4 hu (hounsfield unit). concrements of patients without aspergillus ...	1993	8453070
aspergillus fumigatus antigen induced eosinophilia in mice is abrogated by anti-il-5 antibody.	a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa), developed by exposure to aspergillus fumigatus antigens, demonstrated eosinophilia of peripheral blood (pb), bone marrow (bm), and lung. the eosinophilia was abrogated by monoclonal anti-interleukin-5 (il-5) antibody (trfk-5) and not by an isotype control antibody (gl 113). eosinophils in pb were enumerated from stained smears and their relative increase or decrease in cells from bm and lung was determined by an eosinophil peroxid ...	1993	8454950
treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis with enilconazole.	twenty-four dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated with enilconazole (10 mg/kg bid for 7-14 days) administered topically through tubes surgically implanted into the nasal chambers. aspergillosis was eliminated in 19 dogs over a median follow-up period of 18 months. another dog died, but at necropsy there was no evidence of causative fungus. two of the four dogs that were not cured had infection of periorbital soft tissues. an additional seven dogs received 6 weeks ketoconazole (5 mg/kg bid p ...	1993	8455182
experimental systemic bovine zygomycosis with reference to pathology and secretion of antigen into urine.	elisa and immunoblotting were applied for the characterization of somatic antigens from absidia corymbifera. immunoblotting revealed major antigenic bands at 11 to 81 kda. the elisa showed some crossreactivity towards somatic antigens from other fungi. however, the crossreactivity was especially observed with somatic antigens from other fungi of the zygomycetes. the elisa and immunoblotting assays were applied to urine samples from two groups of 3 calves each systemically infected with a. corymb ...	1993	8456571
the benomyl test as a fundamental diagnostic method for medical mycology.	the fungicide benomyl has long been known to differentially affect major taxonomic groups of fungi. in the present study 163 species or aggregates of closely similar species of medically important fungi and actinomycetes, as well as species commonly isolated as clinical contaminants, were tested to determine their reactions to three concentrations of benomyl. fungi of basidiomycetous, endomycetous, and microascaceous affinities were highly resistant, including all common yeasts and geotrichum, p ...	1993	8458952
detection of aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing an often fatal pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis (ia), in immunosuppressed patients. oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 401-bp fragment spanning the 26s/intergenic spacer region of the rdna complex of a. fumigatus by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the primers were highly sensitive and specific: as little as 1 pg of a. fumigatus genomic dna could be detected, and the primers only amplified dna from a. fumigatu ...	1993	8458955
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with and without evidence of bronchiectasis.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) may complicate 1% to 2% of all cases of chronic asthma. twenty-eight patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for abpa but without evidence of proximal bronchiectasis [abpa-s (seropositive)] were identified over a 12-year period and classified by stage. the majority of patients were in remission but all had chronic asthma. serum anti-aspergillus fumigatus (af) igg was lower in abpa-s (n = 28) versus abpa-cb (central bronchiectasis) (n = 58) at th ...	1993	8466099