Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [the characteristics of the evolutionary variability of influenza a (h1n1) viruses]. | studies of the antigenic structure of hemagglutinins of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in 1978-1988 using monospecific and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the strains of the h1n1 subtype to be highly apt to antigenic drift. the evolutional variability of that period was peculiar and characterized by antigenic drift in various directions. in those years, the variants were regularly isolated which had retained the determinants of viruses of 1933-1957 circulation period in their hemagglutin ... | 1991 | 1715625 |
| [the heterogeneity of an influenza virus a population due to differences at individual hemagglutinin h3 sites]. | using monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein of various influenza virus strains, the populations of long-passaged strain a/hong kong/1/68 and of recently isolated strain a/sparrow/ukraine/83 belonging to the h3n2 serovariant were shown to have subpopulations of virions differing in the structure of antigenic sites of hemagglutinin and in nucleoprotein domain which correlated with the degree of electrostatic interaction of virions with an ion-exchanger. the results of the study ... | 1991 | 1715627 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza virus replicated at low temperature. iii. biochemical studies. | five strains of influenza viruses a(h3n2) replicated at low temperature passaged in cotton rats were reisolated. the properties of these strains replicated at low temperature were compared before and after passage in susceptible animals to check the stability of some its markers. at the same time original viruses replicated at 37 degrees c--which are different in epidemiological potency--were compared. the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titers, heat inactivation na and ha, mi ... | 1990 | 1715640 |
| construction of peptides encompassing multideterminant clusters of human immunodeficiency virus envelope to induce in vitro t cell responses in mice and humans of multiple mhc types. | to make synthetic peptide vaccines effective in a broad population of outbred humans, one would have to incorporate enough antigenic determinants to elicit recognition by t cells of most hla types. we have previously defined multideterminant regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope that include overlapping determinants seen by proliferating t cells of three or four haplotypes of mice. we have now tested the hypothesis that synthetic peptides encompassing such multideterminant r ... | 1991 | 1715888 |
| cd8 independence and specificity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes restricted by hla-aw68.1. | the crystal structure of the hla-aw68.1 antigen binding site revealed a negatively charged pocket centred on aspartic acid 74 (garrett et al. 1989). access to this '74 pocket' is blocked in hla-aw68.2 and hla-aw69 by two substitutions at positions 97 and 116. this key feature suggests that the aw68.1-peptide-specific interactions may involve salt bridges between oppositely charged residues. in this paper, the influenza epitope recognized by virus-specific hla-aw68.1-restricted cytotoxic t lympho ... | 1991 | 1715994 |
| [the characteristics of influenza a/h1n1 viruses related to a/pr/8/34 isolated in the mongolian people's republic]. | investigations of the antigenic structure and genome of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the mongolian people's republic in 1982, 1983, 1986 and 1987 from children with acute respiratory diseases using monoclonal antibodies and nucleotide sequencing revealed 4 strains identical to the prototype strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), variant m. sinai, and 8 strains closely similar to the epidemic strain a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) in the antigenic structure and a/leningrad/54 (h1n1) in the primary structure of h ... | 1991 | 1716390 |
| [the role of hemagglutinin during the adaptation of the influenza virus to a new host and its acquisition of virulent properties]. | 1991 | 1716552 | |
| characterization of two distinct major histocompatibility complex class i kk-restricted t-cell epitopes within the influenza a/pr/8/34 virus hemagglutinin. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) clones specific for the influenza a/pr/8/34 virus hemagglutinin (ha) were isolated by priming cba mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the ha molecule. the epitopes recognized by two of these clones, which were cd8+, kk restricted, and ha subtype specific, were defined by using a combination of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing ha fragments and synthetic peptides. one epitope is in the ha1 subunit at residues 259 to 266 (numbering from the initiato ... | 1991 | 1716691 |
| use of monoclonal anti-haemagglutinin antibodies for the "in vitro" selection of a sequential influenza virus antigenic variant. | a sequential antigenic variant of the a/texas/77 (h3n2) influenza virus was obtained in vitro using a monoclonal antibody against the haemagglutinin (ha) of the antigenic variant v18 previously selected in vitro from the parental texas virus. the sequential antigenic variant, designated dv1, the v18 antigenic variant and the parental a/texas/77 viruses were used to evaluate the frequency of anti-haemagglutinin antibodies in human sera in single radial haemolysis assays. twenty six of 100 childre ... | 1991 | 1717311 |
| to be or not to be a responder in t-cell responses: ubiquitous oligopeptides in all proteins. | amino acid sequences of all proteins are essays written in the same language. accordingly, the same set of words and phrases (oligopeptides) appear in totally unrelated proteins. the reason that only certain individuals of particular major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotypes can mount t-cell responses against a given antigen of pathogens is found in the fact that t-cell receptors are designed to recognize 18-20 residue-long peptide fragments sandwiched between two alpha-helices of class ... | 1991 | 1717377 |
| a frameshift mutation at the nh2 terminus of the nucleoprotein gene does not affect generation of cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes. | balb/3t3 cells infected with a retroviral vector encoding the influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) gene are efficiently lysed by ctl generated in balb/c mice (h-2d background). cells transduced with a mutant form of np which contains a frameshift mutation at its nh2 terminus (npm) do not express biochemically detectable levels of protein but nevertheless present ag to ctl with high efficiency. cold target inhibition studies indicate that the same ctl epitope(s) are recognized in cells harboring np ... | 1991 | 1717574 |
| t-helper-cell determinants in protein antigens are preferentially located in cysteine-rich antigen segments resistant to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin b, l, and d. | we report on a computer algorithm capable of predicting the location of t-helper-cell epitopes in protein antigen (ag) by analysing the ag amino acid sequence. the algorithm was constructed with the aim of identifying segments in ag which are resistant to proteolytic degradation by the enzymes cathepsin b, l, and d. these are prominent enzymes in the endocytic pathway through which soluble protein ag enter apc, and resistant segments in ag may, therefore, be expected to contain more t-cell deter ... | 1991 | 1718025 |
| comparison of class i- and ii-restricted t cell recognition of the identical peptide. | there is structural and functional evidence that both class i- and ii-restricted t cells recognize short processed peptides bound to mhc molecules. although the structural conformation of bound peptides remains unknown, no evidence of distinct structural motifs of class i- or class ii-restricted peptides has been described. conversely, two algorithms proposed to predict t cell epitopes, and based on primary amino acid sequence or tertiary structure, are both compatible with many observed class i ... | 1991 | 1718759 |
| [the use of sectional polystyrene plates in the set-up of lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis]. | the authors have examined the possibility of using sectional polystyrene plates, made in this country, in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and tick-borne encephalitis arboviruses, and with influenza a virus. the plates presensitized with specific antibodies were found fit for the detection of the antigens of the above viruses. these plates are not recommended for the detection of influenza a virus-specific proteins adsorbed directly onto the micro ... | 1991 | 1722853 |
| extension of a minimal t cell determinant allows relaxation of the requirement for particular residues within the determinant. | the determinant recognized by a class ii restricted helper t cell clone raised against a peptide corresponding to the c-terminal 24 residues of the heavy chain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) was examined in detail. the sequence 309vkqntlkl316 was identified as the minimal determinant for t cell activation but its stimulatory capacity was augmented by extension at either end. sets of peptide analogs, in which each residue within the minimal determinant was replaced in turn by every one of ... | 1991 | 1723295 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of a peptide-nucleic acid solution against the human immunodeficiency virus and influenza a virus. | a peptide-nucleic acid solution which had previously been reported to show in vivo efficacy in several viral infections (i.e. influenza, hepatitis, mumps, encephalitis, etc) was tested in three independent laboratories, including the us national institutes of health by specific in vitro methods for hiv and influenza a. the results of these studies demonstrated significant anti-viral activity of the peptide-nucleic acid solution against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the influenza a v ... | 1991 | 1724467 |
| [the strain-specific diagnosis of influenza by using lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis based on monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of the influenza a virus]. | nine monoclonal antibodies (mca) to hemagglutinin of influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus and 5 mca to influenza a/mississippi/1/85 (h3n2) virus were generated and characterized. the mca were used for the development of diagnostic test systems on the basis of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. the same mca were used as primary and detecting antibodies in the test system specific for ha of the h1 serosubtype, whereas in the test system specific for influenza a serosubtype h3 virus mca of different ... | 1991 | 1724583 |
| the chronicle of influenza epidemics. | epidemics that were probably influenza have been reported throughout recorded history. there were 13 fairly severe epidemics during the 18th century and 12 during the 19th century. probably 8 of these 25 were influenza pandemic. in the 20th century there have been 4 pandemic (1918/19, 1957/58, 1968/69 and 1977) due to the emergence of new subtypes of influenza a virus. the great pandemic of 1918/19 caused an estimated 20 million deaths. between pandemics usually there have been epidemics of vary ... | 1991 | 1724803 |
| antigenic analysis of recent h1n1 influenza viruses with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic analysis of recently isolated h1 influenza viruses was performed using haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay with monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin (ha) subunit. tests using monoclonal antibodies against the ha of the a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and a/yamagata/120/86 (h1n1) viruses revealed that the major antigenic drift occurred in 1985 or 1986 and a/dunedin/6/83-like virus became a major strain after 1986. | 1991 | 1724874 |
| [new sites in the hemagglutinin composition of epidemic variants of the influenza virus a (h3n2) from 1989-1990]. | immunological analysis of the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of newly isolated variants of influenza (h3n2) virus carried out using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic sites of hemagglutinin showed the 1989-1990 isolates to be markedly different in their antigenic properties from the variants isolated in previous years. sites with new antigenic properties were determined in hemagglutinin of the isolates. wide variability was found in the region of three immunodom ... | 1991 | 1725076 |
| differential inhibitory effects of sulfated polysaccharides and polymers on the replication of various myxoviruses and retroviruses, depending on the composition of the target amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins. | sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate) and sulfated polymers (i.e., sulfated polyvinylalcohol and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus type a (influenza a virus) but not of other myxoviruses (parainfluenza 3, measles, and influenza b viruses). the compounds were also inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 and simian ... | 1991 | 1725692 |
| antigen presentation and the association of class-i molecules. | we have identified two mutant cell lines which are not able to present epitopes of influenza virus synthesized in the cytoplasm but can present the same epitope when exposed to it as a peptide in the extracellular medium. the cell lines also have a defect in class-i assembly, with reduced expression of assembled alpha chain: beta 2m heterodimers at their cell surface. this led to the suggestion that the two traits were the result of the same mutation and that stable assembly of class-i molecules ... | 1991 | 1726936 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states, 1991-1992. | 1992 | 1727510 | |
| a new method for reconstituting influenza polymerase and rna in vitro: a study of the promoter elements for crna and vrna synthesis in vitro and viral rescue in vivo. | the influenza rna polymerase is known to catalyse three distinct copying activities: (i) transcription of minus-sense virion rna (vrna) into mrna, (ii) transcription of vrna into full-length complementary rna (crna), and (iii) transcription of crna to vrna. ever since the discovery of the conserved 13 and 12 long sequences at each end of all the influenza rna segments, these have been good candidates for promoters of transcription. by devising a new, simple method for preparing influenza polymer ... | 1992 | 1727600 |
| composition of the helical internal components of influenza virus as revealed by immunogold labeling/electron microscopy. | the composition of the large helical internal components of influenza virus was investigated by immunogold labeling/electron microscopy with antibodies to the nucleoprotein (np), matrix protein (m), and polymerase complex (pb1, pb2, and pa) of the virus. the morphologically intact helices, obtained by air-drying of the virions on the electron microscope grid, showed little or no labeling with any of the above antibodies. however, partial to full degradation of the helix by proteinase k (2 ng/ml) ... | 1992 | 1727605 |
| isolation of matrix protein m1 from influenza viruses by acid-dependent extraction with nonionic detergent. | influenza viruses were disrupted layer by layer with the nonionic detergent np-40 at fixed ph. treatment of the virions with np-40 at neutral or mildly alkaline ph (6.8-8.0) yielded viral core structures containing m1 protein. the matrix m1 protein was selectively extracted from cores at acidic ph 3.0-4.5 with citrate, acetate, and phosphate buffers or with morpholinoethanesulfonic acid. the resulting m1 protein sedimented in a glycerol gradient with a coefficient of 2.8 s and most likely existe ... | 1992 | 1727609 |
| oligomeric organization and strain-specific proteolytic modification of the virion m2 protein of influenza a h1n1 viruses. | the m2 protein of influenza a h1n1 strains pr8, ws, and wsn is present in homooligomeric forms in virions grown in the allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs. the bulk of the virion m2 is detected as tetramers and dimers. the oligomeric forms of pr8 virions differ from those of ws and wsn not only in apparent molecular weight (mw) but also in that they seem to be composed of two types of monomers differing in mw by approximately 1.5 kda. evidence from monoclonal antibody binding (or lack of it) an ... | 1992 | 1727610 |
| endogenous loading of hla-a2 molecules with an analog of the influenza virus matrix protein-derived peptide and its inhibition by an exogenous peptide antagonist. | episomal plasmids (p8901) with minigenes coding for the influenza virus matrix peptide amino acids 57-68 (kgilgfvftltv; referred to as m57-68) or coding for a modified peptide were introduced into hla-a2-positive target cells. the association of these peptides, synthesized in the cytoplasm, with hla-a2 and the expression of this complex at the cell surface was evaluated with hla-a2-restricted ctl specific for the influenza virus matrix peptide m57-68. cells expressing m57-68 were lysed effective ... | 1992 | 1727876 |
| from the centers for disease control. control of influenza a outbreaks in nursing homes: amantadine as adjunct to vaccine--1989-1990. | 1992 | 1727945 | |
| from the centers for disease control. update: influenza activity and vaccine availability--united states, 1991 and 1992. | 1992 | 1727946 | |
| in situ detection of autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cells induced by influenza virus infection. | in situ immunocytochemical-staining methods combined with computer-aided image analysis were employed to examine autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cell expansion in vivo. autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cells were demonstrated in the spleens of c57bl/6j (b6) strain mice intranasally infected with the influenza virus a/hong kong/168/(h3n2)[r] x-31. autoanti-idiotype b cells were detected and elevated in spleen tissues after secondary influenza infections compared to normal b6 mice, and were s ... | 1992 | 1728964 |
| the effect of influenza vaccination on il2 production in healthy elderly: implications for current vaccination practices. | age-related senescence of t-cell mediated responses is well recognized. this study was designed to determine how aging affects the t-cell mediated interleukin 2 (il2) response to influenza vaccination. a group of healthy elderly individuals were compared to a control group of healthy young adults for their response to the 1990 influenza vaccine. cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were prepared from venous blood samples taken prevaccination (pre) and 8 and 12 weeks post-vaccina ... | 1992 | 1730850 |
| in vivo t cell activation, in vitro defective il-2 secretion, and response to influenza vaccination in elderly women. | il-2 secretion in response to mitogenic stimulation, assayed in vitro, is significantly reduced in circulating t lymphocytes isolated from healthy old people, but the significance of this abnormality and how it relates to in vivo il-2 secretion remain unclear. we found that il-2 secretion in response to pha plus pma by peripheral blood t cells isolated from 10 out of 32 (31%) healthy old individuals (mean age 86 yr, range 74-97) was significantly decreased compared with results obtained in 23 yo ... | 1992 | 1730868 |
| impact of influenza virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization. | from winter 1989 to spring 1990, a severe epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses developed in japan. during the epidemic (december 1989 to february 1990), 244 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of nippon kokan hospital: 53 (21.7%) were hospitalized with influenza virus infection, 22 (9.0%) with rotavirus gastroenteritis, and 17 (7.0%) with respiratory syncytial virus infection. among those with influenza, 24 had type a and 29 had type b. most were young healthy children wi ... | 1992 | 1730904 |
| fusion activity and inactivation of influenza virus: kinetics of low ph-induced fusion with cultured cells. | the kinetics of fusion of influenza virus (a/pr/8/34) with human promyelocytic leukaemia (hl-60), human t lymphocytic leukaemia (cem) and murine lymphoma (s49) cells were investigated. fusion was demonstrated by electron microscopy, and monitored by fluorescence dequenching of octadecylrhodamine incorporated in the virus membrane. rapid fusion was induced upon mild acidification of the medium. at ph 5, all virus particles were capable of fusing with the cells. the initial rate and the extent of ... | 1992 | 1730942 |
| hemagglutinin mutations related to antigenic variation in h1 swine influenza viruses. | the hemagglutinin (ha) of a recent swine influenza virus, a/sw/in/1726/88 (h1n1), was shown previously to have four antigenic sites, as determined from analysis of monoclonal antibody (mab)-selected escape mutants. to define the ha mutations related to these antigenic sites, we cloned and sequenced the ha genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction of parent virus and mab-selected escape mutants. the genetic data indicated the presence of four amino acid changes. after alignment with the three- ... | 1992 | 1731091 |
| a novel particulate influenza vaccine induces long-term and broad-based immunity in mice after oral immunization. | the immunogenicity of a novel particulate oral influenza vaccine was examined in terms of antibody response and protection in mice. oral immunization with chicken erythrocytes (crbc) adsorbed with gamma-irradiated influenza a virus induced high levels of immunoglobulin g antibodies and protection in the lung compared with gamma-irradiated virus administered alone or crbc. immunoglobulin a antibodies were the predominant antibodies in nasal washings, and their presence did not correlate with prot ... | 1992 | 1731094 |
| defective interfering influenza virus inhibits immunopathological effects of infectious virus in the mouse. | mice inoculated intranasally with a lethal dose of standard influenza virus die with an immune-mediated pneumonia but are protected by coinoculation with defective interfering (di) virus. here we show that recruitment of immune cells into the infected lung is halved by treatment with di virus although the cd4+/cd8+ cell ratio is not affected. responsiveness of lung t and b cells to lectins is inhibited by standard virus, but coinoculation of mice with di virus causes a 13-fold increase in t-cell ... | 1992 | 1731097 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1991-92 season. | from october 23, 1991, through january 18, 1992, 46 state health departments reported regional or widespread influenza activity for 1 or more weeks. for the week ending january 4, 34 states reported regional or widespread activity, the most during any single week this season. from late october through mid-december, influenza outbreaks reported from 11 states involved primarily school children. reports of outbreaks among adults began in mid-november and continued through january and involved pers ... | 1992 | 1731184 |
| a recombinant sporozoite surface antigen of theileria parva induces protection in cattle. | at present immunization against theileria parva is by infection with live sporozoites and simultaneous treatment with a long-acting oxytetracycline. this method has major limitations in that live organisms are used and the immunity engendered is parasite stock specific. in an attempt to develop an alternative immunization procedure, the gene encoding p67, a major surface antigen of sporozoites, has been expressed by using the plasmid expression vector pmg1. the gene, which has been characterized ... | 1992 | 1731322 |
| flanking sequences influence the presentation of an endogenously synthesized peptide to cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize class i major histocompatibility complex molecules complexed to peptides of eight to nine residues generated from cytosolic proteins. we find that ctl recognize, in vitro and in vivo, cells synthesizing a 10-residue peptide consisting of an initiating methionine followed by nine residues corresponding to a naturally processed determinant from influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) (residues 147-155). addition of two cooh-terminal residues corresponding to np r ... | 1992 | 1732413 |
| sequence changes in the live attenuated, cold-adapted variants of influenza a/leningrad/134/57 (h2n2) virus. | nucleotide sequences were determined for the rna segments coding for proteins other than the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the a/leningrad/134/57 (h2n2) wild-type (a/len/wt) virus and its two cold-adapted (ca) and attenuated variants, a/leningrad/134/17/57 (a/len/17/ca) and a/leningrad/134/47/57 (a/len/47/ca) that are used in the u.s.s.r. in the preparation of reassortant live attenuated vaccines. ten nucleotide differences were detected between the sequences of the a/len/wt and a/len/17/ca ... | 1992 | 1733114 |
| a single amino acid deletion at the amino terminus of influenza virus hemagglutinin causes malfolding and blocks exocytosis of the molecule in mammalian cells. | i am investigating the role of protein folding in the transport of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha), a membrane-bound protein, along the exocytotic pathway. from a previous work (gething, m.-j., mccammon, k., and sambrook, j. (1986) cell 46, 939-950), it has been shown that a subset of alterations of the cooh-terminal sequences of the ha molecule inhibit folding and impede its transport to the cell surface. current studies establish that the integrity of the nh2-terminal sequences of the ha is ... | 1992 | 1733923 |
| further studies with short duration ribavirin aerosol for the treatment of influenza virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | ribavirin aerosol administration has been shown to be effective in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants and in influenza a and b virus infections in young adults. long treatment schedules and potential for environmental contamination have stimulated the search for alternative dosing schedules. thus, we attempted to determine the length of time of ribavirin aerosol necessary for effective treatment of influenza and rsv. in rsv-infected cotton rats, aerosolizati ... | 1992 | 1736809 |
| structure and assembly of hemagglutinin mutants of fowl plague virus with impaired surface transport. | five temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus a/fpv/rostock/34 (h7n1), ts206, ts293, ts478, ts482, and ts651, displaying correct hemagglutinin (ha) insertion into the apical plasma membrane of mdck cells at the permissive temperature but defective transport to the cell surface at the restrictive temperature, have been investigated. nucleotide sequence analysis of the ha gene of the mutants and their revertants demonstrated that with each mutant a single amino acid change is responsible f ... | 1992 | 1738202 |
| outbreak of influenza a in a nursing home--new york, december 1991-january 1992. | during december 1991 and january 1992, an outbreak of influenza a occurred among residents of a nursing home in new york. from mid-october through mid-november 1991, influenza vaccine was administered to 295 (88%) of the 337 residents of the nursing home. the residents shared common dining and recreational areas; the mean age of residents was 83 years (range: 51-103 years); 256 (76%) were female. the prevalence of underlying illness in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was not determined. | 1992 | 1738358 |
| amantadine-resistant influenza a in a nursing facility. | rapid index case treatment and amantadine prophylaxis were implemented in two nursing homes exposed to influenza a. facility a had no isolation of cases, and 18 of 22 cases occurred after amantadine hydrochloride therapy was initiated. three patients exhibited amantadine-resistant virus. facility b had day 1 isolation of the index case. a facility-wide outbreak did not occur. the experience of these facilities suggests that concurrent amantadine treatment and prophylaxis without adequate case is ... | 1992 | 1739371 |
| the 2.2 a resolution crystal structure of influenza b neuraminidase and its complex with sialic acid. | influenza virus neuraminidase catalyses the cleavage of terminal sialic acid, the viral receptor, from carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. we present the crystal structure of the enzymatically active head of influenza b virus neuraminidase from the strain b/beijing/1/87. the native structure has been refined to a crystallographic r-factor of 14.8% at 2.2 a resolution and its complex with sialic acid refined at 2.8 a resolution. the overall fold of the molecule is very similar t ... | 1992 | 1740114 |
| reduced infectivity of cold-adapted influenza a h1n1 viruses in the elderly: correlation with serum and local antibodies. | to compare young and elderly adults in terms of their immune responses and rates of infection following intranasal vaccination with a live attenuated influenza virus. | 1992 | 1740601 |
| fine specificity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes primed in vivo either with virus or synthetic lipopeptide vaccine or primed in vitro with peptide. | standard synthetic peptide preparations contain numerous peptidic byproducts in small amounts, which may be efficiently recognized by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). recognition patterns of such peptide mixtures by ctl may serve as a kind of fingerprint for ctl fine specificity. three types of h-2db-restricted ctl were compared in this way. ctl primed in vivo either with a/pr/8/34 influenza virus or with a synthetic lipopeptide vaccine prepared from influenza nucleoprotein (np) peptide 365-380 sh ... | 1991 | 1744592 |
| [atypical pathogen spectrum in community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract in childhood]. | over a period of 14 months, we obtained nasal and throat swabs for virological examinations from patients, admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia. fifty-five cases of perihilar bronchitis and 103 cases of pneumonia were diagnosed based on radiological criteria. in 36% (n = 57) of the children, a pathogen could be determined by antigen elisa. we found the following spectrum: respiratory syncytial virus: 42%; influenza a: 8%; influenza b: 10%; parainfluenza 1: 3%; parainfluenza 2: 10%; para ... | 1991 | 1745250 |
| [the biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the chernobyl atomic electric power station. 10. cooperative immune reactions in different generations of mice]. | the immune status of mice has been assessed by the whole complex of data. the permanent action of low-level radiation has been shown to suppress considerably the rate of reactions of the delayed-type hypersensitivity and "graft versus host" disease, as well as nk and specific cytolytic t-lymphocyte activity. the dynamics of accumulation and the levels of antiviral antibodies in the serum, lung and trachea extracts are virtually invariable. the resistance of experimental animals to influenza is l ... | 1991 | 1745757 |
| [immunomorphological changes in the mouse brain after intracerebral administration of a neurotropic strain of influenza virus]. | the work dealt with intracerebral inoculation of 150 mice with neurotropic strain of influenza virus a/wsn/33. virological and immunohistochemical study of virus localization in the mice brain was carried out. it was shown that virus reproduction in ependymal lining cells and plexus choroideus epithelium is followed by destruction of cells and uptake of disintegration products by macrophages. since the influenza infection is followed by a large number of macrophages involved in gene expression o ... | 1991 | 1747476 |
| influenza virus activity in papua new guinea. | influenza viruses remain a major cause of respiratory disease in both developed and developing countries. a great deal of information concerning the structure, pathology and modes of transmission of these viruses has been accumulated, but no means of successfully combating them have, as yet, been devised. the most appropriate strategy for limiting the effects of influenza is to monitor the emergence and spread of new strains carefully and warn the public and at-risk groups of impending epidemics ... | 1991 | 1750264 |
| [suppression of translation in vitro of the mrna of the m1 protein of influenza virus using antisense oligonucleotides]. | effect of antisense oligonucleotides on the in vitro translation of the influenza virus m1 protein mrna was investigated. the most efficient arrest of mrna translation was achieved by simultaneous action of two or three oligonucleotides (14-16-mers) complementary to the juxtaposed sequences in the 5'-terminus of the molecule around and upstream of the initiation codon. | 1991 | 1753959 |
| high dose-short duration ribavirin aerosol treatment--a review. | a high-dose, short-duration treatment with ribavirin aerosol consisting of a three-fold increase in concentration of drug (60 mg versus 20 mg of ribavirin per ml in the liquid reservoir of the generator administered for about one-third the time of the standard treatment) was as effective as the standard dosage in the treatment of experimental influenza a and b infections in mice and in the treatment of experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. despite some minor pulmonar ... | 1991 | 1756300 |
| studies on the regulation of influenza virus rna replication: a differential inhibition of the synthesis of vrna segments in shift-up experiments with ts mutants. | the regulation of influenza virus vrna synthesis in the course of the reproduction cycle was studied with the use of a series of ts mutants in shift-up experiments. the synthesis of vrna segments was registered by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleocapsid-associated rna isolated from the infected cells labelled with [3h]uridine after the shift-up to a semi-permissive temperature. each mutant exhibited a specific differential pattern of vrna synthesis inhibition after the shift- ... | 1991 | 1759912 |
| positioning of a peptide in the cleft of hla-a2 by complementing amino acid changes. | several mutant hla-a2 molecules have been constructed and expressed in the mutant human b-cell line c1r, which lacks hla-a and hla-b antigens, and examined for presentation of a previously defined peptide epitope derived from the influenza matrix protein to appropriate human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte lines. when leucine residue 66 in this matrix peptide containing residues 57-68 (matrix peptide 57-68) was replaced by arginine, the resulting matrix peptide 57-68 r66 was not presented to hla-a2, but ... | 1991 | 1763045 |
| amantadine selection of a mutant influenza virus containing an acid-stable hemagglutinin glycoprotein: evidence for virus-specific regulation of the ph of glycoprotein transport vesicles. | mutants of influenza rostock virus (h7n1 subtype) were selected for resistance to amantadine hydrochloride at concentrations of the antiviral drug known to affect the function of the virus m2 transmembrane protein. sequence analysis revealed that three mutants had no changes in m2 but contained a lysine to isoleucine substitution in the hemagglutinin (ha) membrane glycoprotein at position 58 of ha2. the mutant viruses were found to fuse membranes at a ph value 0.7 lower than wild type and to exh ... | 1991 | 1763066 |
| amantadine neurotoxicity in a pediatric patient with renal insufficiency. | amantadine hydrochloride, a dopamine agonist with antiviral and antiparkinsonism properties, is used for the prevention and treatment of influenza a respiratory infections in high-risk populations. the occurrence of amantadine-induced hallucinations and tremors is described in a young, renal transplant patient with declining renal function. following discontinuation of amantadine, plasma amantadine concentrations were correlated with central nervous system toxicity. in view of the usage of amant ... | 1991 | 1763530 |
| a baculovirus dual expression vector derived from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin and p10 promoters: co-expression of two influenza virus genes in insect cells. | a baculovirus transfer vector, pacuw3, was developed to facilitate the insertion of two influenza virus genes, those encoding the haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) membrane glycoproteins, into the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome in a single cotransfection experiment. the na gene was inserted in place of the polyhedrin coding sequences under the control of the polyhedrin promoter, whereas the ha gene was placed under the control of a copy of the p10 promoter at a ... | 1991 | 1765769 |
| characterisation of an ionisable group involved in binding and catalysis by sialidase from influenza virus. | the effect of ph on the kinetics of sialidase purified from influenza virus (a/tokyo/3/67, h2n2) was investigated. a pk of 9.0 for inhibition of the enzyme by three competitive inhibitors, due to an ionisable group in the active site, was observed. a similar pk was observed for v/km for the fluorogenic substrate 2-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-n-acetyl-alpha-d-neuraminic acid. however, the shape of the v/km profile indicates that this substrate is sticky. solvent perturbation experiments indicated that ... | 1991 | 1768256 |
| purification and properties of cloned salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase with virus-typical kinetic preference for sialyl alpha 2----3 linkages. | subclones containing the salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase gene, nanh, were expressed in escherichia coli from multicopy derivatives of pbr329. the cloned sialidase structural gene directed overproduction of sialidase polypeptide which was detected as the major soluble protein species in cell-free extracts. overproduced enzyme was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity after 65-fold enrichment using conventional preparative techniques. unlike all previously investigated sialidases, s. t ... | 1991 | 1769974 |
| gm allotypes influence the production of igg3 but the effect is age-dependent. | serum concentrations of igg3 were found to be higher in gm-f-positive (= b-positive) than in f-negative individuals except in young children. young children aged 3-4 months had a mean concentration of 0.24 g/l of igg3 regardless of allotype. the concentration gradually rose with age in f-positive individuals to a geometric mean of 0.56 g/l in adults but it remained essentially unchanged in f-negative people. a corresponding allotype effect was seen in influenza-specific antibody responses. while ... | 1991 | 1774195 |
| detergent enhances binding of a secreted hla-a2 molecule to solid phase peptides. | we have constructed a secreted analogue (sa2) of the human class i molecule hla-a2. sa2 was affinity purified both in the presence and absence of detergent and the effects of detergent on the magnitude and specificity of a2 binding to solid phase peptides tested. sa2 purified in the presence of detergent and detergent-solubilized a2 are shown to function comparably in the binding of the synthetic peptide m.y + 57-68, a known t-cell epitope derived from the influenza a matrix protein. the molecul ... | 1991 | 1774199 |
| rapid detection of type a influenza viruses with monoclonal antibodies to the m protein (m1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the m protein (m1) were used in the development of direct detection systems for type a influenza viruses in clinical specimens. optimal detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was achieved when mabs were used as capture antibodies and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used as sandwich antibodies. detection by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay required amplification of the virus. direct detection in clinical specimens (nasopharyngeal aspirates) was ac ... | 1991 | 1774253 |
| defective insertion of haemagglutinin as a cause of abortivity of influenza a viruses in hela 229 cells. | a number of experimental data demonstrate that certain mammalian cells are unable to replicate influenza viruses type a. in these cellular hosts the viruses can efficiently perform their biological as well as biochemical activities but the production of mature viral particles is greatly restricted. here we report a study of abortiveness of human and avian type a influenza viruses in hela 229 cells in which the final stages of maturation of viral particles seem to be affected. we show that the in ... | 1991 | 1775092 |
| [oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria in toxic form of experimental form of influenza]. | the effect of free radical processes on the oxidation-phosphorylation activity in the liver of cba-mice has been studied, using a model of toxic form viral infection. the epr-spectroscopic and electrochemical methods applied in the study of animals infected with pathogenic form of the influenza virus made it possible to reveal a decrease in the activity of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. this seems likely to be due to accumulation of endogenic nitric oxide in the liver tissue. | 1991 | 1777629 |
| the effect of restraint stress on the kinetics, magnitude, and isotype of the humoral immune response to influenza virus infection. | the stress of physical restraint has been shown to modulate the cellular immune response during a viral infection. we have studied the effects of stress on the humoral immune response during infection by influenza virus. restraint stress altered the kinetics of the antibody response; seroconversion in the igg and iga isotypes was delayed in virus-infected c57bl/6 mice subjected to repeated cycles of physical restraint. however, the magnitude and isotype of the mature antibody response were unaff ... | 1991 | 1777731 |
| [the use of the soviet detergents dezintegron-o and dezintegron-b for the solubilization of influenza virus glycoproteins]. | native detergents, desintegron-o-and desintegron-b, solubilize hemagglutinins of the influenza virus as intensively, as foreign drugs (mulgophen, zwittergent and sodium sarcozyl) do. this permits recommending desintegrons for quantitative determination of hemagglutinin of the influenza virus in virus-containing materials by means of the reaction of single radial immunodiffusion. desintegron-o and desintegron-b permit extracting enzymatically active neuraminidase from influenza a viruses with 44. ... | 1991 | 1779909 |
| a quantitative measurement of the effect of avian influenza virus on the ability of turkeys to eliminate pasteurella multocida from the respiratory tract. | the effect of avian influenza virus (aiv) infection on the ability of turkeys to eliminate pasteurella multocida from the respiratory tract was evaluated. four-week-old turkeys were experimentally infected with an apathogenic aiv subtype (h5n2) by the oculonasal route and subsequently superinfected with p multocida (urbach strain) by the intranasal route three days after infection with aiv. quantitative clearance of p multocida from the trachea and lung was determined using a pour plate techniqu ... | 1991 | 1780577 |
| influenza in the world. 1 october 1990-30 september 1991. | 1991 | 1782122 | |
| a new influenza surveillance system in france: the ile-de-france "grog". 2. validity of indicators (1984-1989). | the evaluation of the validity of the grog's indicators is based on the first five years of activity, four of which being epidemic ones. a virological criterion for identifying epidemics is used as the gold standard. for each non-specific indicator, the ratio of epidemic weeks to non-epidemic weeks is outlined. therefore we can define four epidemic situations in relation with the strains circulating and the non-specific indicators. influenza a epidemics, which are known as a mortality problem ca ... | 1991 | 1783052 |
| comparison of rapid immunofluorescence assay to cell culture isolation for the detection of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from infants and children. | in the hospital setting it is often critical to isolate patients appropriately in order to prevent nosocomial infection. this is especially true with respiratory infection in infants and young children. at the present time a rapid immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses is routinely carried out in our laboratory. during january and february of 1990 we used monoclonal antibodies specific for influenza a and b viruses (baxter-bartels, bellevue, wa) in thi ... | 1991 | 1783676 |
| [the interrelations of the human and avian influenza viruses a(h2) determined by the mathematical processing of data on the antigenic structure of their hemagglutinin]. | mathematical methods were used to analyse the data on the antigenic specificity of h2 subtype hemagglutinin of human and avian influenza a viruses. this approach allowed the evaluation of possible evolutional relationships in this little-studied group of viruses. influenza a (h2) viruses isolated from birds in the usa were found to represent a sufficiently isolated group, whereas european avian strains (a/duck/germany/1215/73, a/pintail duck/primor'e/695/76, a/duck/marseilles/46/76) were close t ... | 1991 | 1785179 |
| [the use of the lectin test for detecting antineuraminidase antibodies in the sera of vaccinated subjects]. | the lectin test (a microvariant) was used to study the immunogenicity of live attenuated and inactivated virion divaccines of influenza a (h1n1 + h3n2) and influenza b vaccines in children 3 to 15 years of age. a good correlation was found between the general level of seroconversion of antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinin antibodies in the sera examined. this method is simple and may be useful for titration of large numbers of sera in studies on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines or pec ... | 1991 | 1785180 |
| [the inoculation properties of live recombinant influenza vaccine types a and b used separately and jointly in children 3 to 14]. | the reactogenicity and immunizing activity of vaccine influenza virus a (h1n1) and b strains used as mono- and bi-preparations in children of 3 to 14 years was studied. no increased reactogenicity after the use of bivaccine was observed in the children. febrile reactions as well as 9 other clinical symptoms which could indicate the reactogenicity of the vaccines were identical for mono- and bivaccine and corresponded to the requirements of the technical documents for the vaccine. the optimal con ... | 1991 | 1785181 |
| [the formation of an immune response in volunteers inoculated with a live recombinant influenza vaccine]. | the capacity of a live influenza vaccine (liv) to stimulate cytotoxic cells (adcmc and nk) was studied in 49 volunteers and 56 patients with influenza. experimental batches of liv from influenza a and b viruses prepared by genetic recombination on the basis of cold-adapted attenuation donors were used. type a and b liv were shown to stimulate the cytotoxic cell-mediated and humoral immunity; the intensity of immune response, however, depended on the molecular genetic characteristics of the vacci ... | 1991 | 1785182 |
| [the effective use of superoxide dismutase from human erythrocytes in the late stages of experimental influenza infection]. | the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the pathogenesis of influenza infection was studied. bronchoalveolar lavage and serum of influenza-infected mice were shown to produce ros following the addition of phorbole ether-pma. the generation of ros was the maximum in 5-6 days after virus inoculation which coincided with the beginning of animal deaths. the main form of ros was hypochloride generated by neutrophil meyloperoxidase. treatment of mice with superoxide dismutase (sod) in the late pe ... | 1991 | 1785183 |
| automated monitoring system for determining embryo movement and death times following virus infection. | design and performance information is presented on an automated embryo-monitoring system for intact eggs. the computer-based system has been used successfully for several months to characterize viral pathogenicity in embryonated eggs. features include electronic sensing of embryo movement, automatic quantification of the amount of movement, and automatic recording of the results on electronic media. the system does not require that eggs be removed from the incubator or that the incubator be open ... | 1991 | 1786014 |
| influenza immunization recommendations for delaware. | 1991 | 1786842 | |
| [molecular mechanisms of selecting influenza virus strains by signs of drug resistance]. | 1991 | 1794277 | |
| [influenza--1989]. | 1991 | 1796162 | |
| [the pathomorphological changes in the organs and tissues of mice with congenital pathology induced by the inactivated influenza virus]. | the structural and functional changes in organs and tissues of 30 young mice born from mothers treated intravenously with irradiation-inactivated influenza virus were studied. a detailed morphological analysis showed that a single inoculation of pregnant females with inactivated influenza virus resulted in the progeny in morphological lesions in organs and tissues typical of slow influenza infection. | 1991 | 1796582 |
| [an experimental study of adp-ribosylation inhibitors as anti-influenza agents]. | tri-substituted benzamide derivatives are described as a new class of antiviral drugs. three compounds (3, n-acetylaminobenzamide, 3, n-butyrylaminobenzamide, and 3-methoxybenzamide) protected mice inoculated with influenza type a virus. 3, n-acetylaminobenzamide was found to be most active. it is suggested that the antiviral effect may be due to the specific inhibitory action of these compounds on nad(+)-dependent adp-ribosylation. | 1991 | 1796583 |
| comparison between three rapid methods for direct diagnosis of influenza and the conventional isolation procedure. | besides the rapid diagnostic tests based on influenza a and b antigens nucleoproteins detection, which are routinely used, the isolation of influenza strains is still required to obtain recent variant isolates for full antigenic characterization, in order to up-date the influenza vaccine composition. to increase the rapidity and the efficacy of the virus growth, we implemented a culture test in 24-well plates by centrifugation of samples on to llcmk2 cells in the presence of trypsin. this test w ... | 1991 | 1797040 |
| influenza: relation of mortality to morbidity parameters--netherlands, 1970-1989. | the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of influenza-like illness (ili), weekly registered by the general practitioners (sentinel stations), and the monthly overall influenza mortality in people over 60 years of age, provided by the dutch statistical bureau during the period july 1970 to june 1989. the quantitative impact of influenza-morbidity is expressed by three summary parameters, calculated from the 52 (53) weekly ili-figures per season-year, (i) the ... | 1991 | 1800412 |
| [massive hemorrhages into the cerebellum in influenza occurring as a space-occupying process]. | 1991 | 1803731 | |
| [a comparative study of the inoculation properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | this study was carried out to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines prepared from influenza a/philippines/2/82-like virus strains. schoolchildren of a boarding school of moscow were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine, (2) vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, and (3) given placebo. both vaccines were well tolerated by the children, with practically no severe general or loc ... | 1991 | 1803766 |
| [a comparative study of the protective properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | a limited controlled comparative study for the evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of live recombinant and inactivated virion vaccines from a/philippines/2/82-like strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus was carried out in schoolchildren of 8 to 15 years of age. during the influenza epidemic of 1987-1988 caused by influenza a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2)-like strains and by influenza b virus in 8.2-17% of cases, a statistically significant efficacy index for live influenza vaccine was 1.8 for the labo ... | 1991 | 1803767 |
| [the antigenic and biological properties of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the ussr and the czechoslovak federal republic in 1988-1989]. | a comparative study of influenza a (h1n1) virus strains isolated in one epidemic season (1988-1989) in neighbouring countries was carried out. using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, some of the isolates were shown to have different antigenic and biological properties which probably determined the different intensity of the epidemic situation in the ussr and czsfr in 1988-1989. | 1991 | 1803768 |
| [the effect of detergents on the physicochemical and immunochemical properties of the isolated m1 protein of the influenza virus]. | the degree of solubility of influenza virus protein m1 preparations isolated from virions by acid chloroform-methanol extraction was studied under the effect of a wide spectrum of detergents of different origin. the same detergents were used for solution of a lipid comprising a part of artificially formed liposomes. only some of the detergents used (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sds, triton x-100, and disintegron-b) were shown to be optimal for solution of both influenza virus protein m1 and lipid. th ... | 1991 | 1803769 |
| [the effect of different factors on the reproduction of influenza viruses and reassortants in cell cultures]. | the influence of the maintenance medium, polyethylene glycol (peg), deae-dextran, and low temperature on reproduction of influenza a, b, and c viruses and their reassortants in diploid and continuous cell cultures was determined. lowering of ph in the maintenance medium to 6.5 was found to decrease reproduction of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) viruses and increase that of influenza b viruses. treatment of cells with peg solution increased the yield of influenza b and c but not a viruses. howev ... | 1991 | 1803770 |
| [interepidemic influenza in bulgaria based on laboratory research data]. | during the interepidemic periods of 34 years (1955-1988) the national influenza centre of bulgaria with the aid of 11 supporting stations investigated a total of 27240 nasopharyngeal washings and 42530 paired sera of patients with acute respiratory diseases. eighty strains of subtype a (h1n1) influenza virus, 60 strains of subtype a (h2n2), 148 strains of subtype a (h3n2), 3 strains of subtype a (heg2, neg2), 2 strains of subtype a (hsw1n1), 14 strains of type b, and 6 strains of type c were iso ... | 1991 | 1803771 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza a and b in human sera collected from five ecological zones in nigeria. | the prevalence of antibodies to the haemagglutinins of two influenza a subtype, h1n1 and h3n2 and influenza b in sera collected from 1986 to 1988 from persons of different ages and from 10 locations in 5 ecological zones of nigeria was determined. the levels of influenza antibodies in the sera varies with age and ecological zones of the country. a total of 1,022 sera were tested, of which 732 (71.6%) were positive for influenza antibodies. the prevalence of antibodies at titre 1:10 varied betwee ... | 1991 | 1804870 |
| immunoprophylaxis of otitis media. | prospects for an effective otitis media vaccine are bolstered by a number of encouraging observations. results of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine trials beginning in 1975, the enormously enhanced immunogenicity of protein-hib polysaccharide coupled vaccines in infants, and the apparent effectiveness of a protein-pcp coupled vaccine in experimental otitis media suggest that a pneumococcal vaccine targeted to prevent invasive and middle ear infections is not too distant. the identification of ... | 1991 | 1805562 |
| interferons in the treatment of malignancies. | interferons alpha, beta and gamma (ifn) were initially identified as soluble factors able to inhibit infection of chick chorioallantoic membranes by influenza a virus. although the mechanism(s) of action of ifns are unclear, these molecules express their biologic properties after binding to specific high-affinity cell membrane receptors. to dates several clinical studies have challenged the therapeutic benefits of using ifns in the treatment of solid tumours and haematologic malignancies. the re ... | 1991 | 1810444 |
| [the mechanism of the receptor binding of influenza viruses by somatic tissue cells]. | 1991 | 1810492 | |
| [the anti-idiotypic response to the experimental administration of the inactivated or live influenza virus]. | the injection of inactivated and live influenza virus into rabbits induces the formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies, appearing after anti-influenza hemagglutinins, in the blood. the presence of immune complexes antibody--anti-idiotypic antibody in the blood of the animals has been established. the booster immunization of the animals with influenza virus antigens produces a rise in the levels of both idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies. the injection of autologous anti-idiotypic globulin in ... | 1991 | 1811391 |
| [the evolutionary characteristics of an influenza epidemic in a large urban center (b.) of romania between 1988 and 1990]. | the report presents the peculiar characteristics of influenza epidemics in a big urban centre (b.) of romania, between 1988 and 1990, surveyed by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. among the peculiarities of the epidemics: the low rate of endemic morbidity, the seasonal and preseasonal peaks, the very high implication of infantile population in influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus circulation, as well as the high level of mass specific humoral protection against these viruses. e ... | 1991 | 1814431 |