Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| discovering up-regulated vegf-c expression in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells by classical swine fever virus shimen. | infection of domestic swine with the highly virulent shimen strain of classical swine fever virus causes hemorrhagic lymphadenitis and diffuse hemorrhaging in infected swine. we analyzed patterns of gene expression for csfv shimen in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (suvecs). transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) c gene (vegf-c) and translation of the corresponding protein were significantly up-regulated in suvecs. our findings suggest that vegf-c is involved in me ... | 2014 | 24758593 |
| classical swine fever in china: a minireview. | classical swine fever (csf), caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), is an oie-listed, highly contagious, often fatal disease of swine worldwide. currently, the disease is controlled by prophylactic vaccination in china and many other countries using the modified live vaccines derived from c-strain, which was developed in china in the mid-1950s. this minireview summarizes the epidemiology, diagnostic assays, control and challenges of csf in china. though csf is essentially under control, c ... | 2014 | 24793098 |
| a novel bromodeoxyuridine-resistant wild boar lung cell line facilitates generation of african swine fever virus recombinants. | manipulation of african swine fever virus (asfv) genomes, in particular those from field strains, is still a challenge. we have shown recently that generation of a green-fluorescent-protein-expressing, thymidine-kinase-negative (tk-) mutant of the low-pathogenic african swine fever virus field strain nhv was supported by a tk- vero cell line. since nhv, like other asfv field strains, does not replicate well in vero cells, a bromodeoxyuridine (brdu)- resistant cell line derived from wild boar lun ... | 2014 | 24793370 |
| early lethality of shrna-transgenic pigs due to saturation of microrna pathways. | rna interference (rnai) is considered as a potential modality for clinical treatment and anti-virus animal breeding. here, we investigate the feasibility of inhibiting classical swine fever virus (csfv) replication by short hairpin rna (shrna) in vitro and in vivo. we generate four different shrna-positive clonal cells and two types of shrna-transgenic pigs. csfv could be effectively inhibited in shrna-positive clonal cells and tail tip fibroblasts of shrna-transgenic pigs. unexpectedly, an earl ... | 2014 | 24793764 |
| whole-genome sequence of a classical swine fever virus isolated from the uttarakhand state of india. | we report the first complete genome sequence of a classical swine fever (csf) virus of subgenotype 2.2. the virus (csfv/ind/uk/lal-290) was isolated from the uttarakhand state of india from a backyard pig suspected of having csf. this genome sequence will give useful insight for future molecular epidemiological studies and the development of an effective vaccine in india. | 2014 | 24812219 |
| visualization of the npro protein in living cells using biarsenically labeling tetracysteine-tagged classical swine fever virus. | real-time fluorescence imaging of viral proteins in living cells is a valuable means to study virus-host interactions, and tetracysteine (tc)-biarsenical technology has been used in several viruses but not in classical swine fever virus (csfv). here, we generated csfv mutants vsmtc385 or vsmtc412 bearing the small tc tag (ccpgcc) in the n-terminal region of the n(pro) protein. the mutants showed growth characteristics indistinguishable from that of the wild-type virus, and retained similar n(pro ... | 2014 | 24815879 |
| the classic swine fever virus (csfv) core protein can enhance de novo-initiated rna synthesis by the csfv polymerase ns5b. | study of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) replication is challenging because it is a bsl-3-ag pathogen that requires specialized facilities. we developed a cell-based assay in human embryonic kidney 293t cells that can quantify the activities of ns5b, the csfv rna-dependent rna polymerase. the 5br assay uses transiently-expressed csfv ns5b to produce rnas that activate the rig-i-mediated signaling pathway to result in reporter protein production. upon co-expression of the csfv core protein ... | 2014 | 24824302 |
| preclinical detection of porcine circovirus type 2 infection using an ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has emerged as one of the most important pathogens affecting swine production globally. preclinical identification of pcv2 is very important for effective prophylaxis of pcv2-associated diseases. in this study, we developed an ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay (undp-pcr) for pcv2 detection. magnetic microparticles coated with pcv2 specific dna probes were used to enrich pcv2 dna from samples, then gold nanoparticles coated with pcv2 specific o ... | 2014 | 24842840 |
| complete genome sequence of classical swine fever virus genotype 2.2 strain bergen. | the complete genome sequence of the genotype 2.2 classical swine fever virus strain bergen has been determined; this strain was originally isolated from persistently infected domestic pigs in the netherlands and is characterized to be of low virulence. | 2014 | 24874676 |
| modern adjuvants do not enhance the efficacy of an inactivated african swine fever virus vaccine preparation. | african swine fever (asf) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs. in recent years, the disease has spread alarmingly. despite intensive research activities, promising vaccine candidates are still lacking. for this reason, a study was undertaken to re-assess inactivated asfv preparations with state-of-the-art adjuvants. inactivated preparations of asf virus (asfv) "armenia08" were adjuvanted with either polygen™ or emulsigen(®)-d, respectively, and used to immunize six weaner pigs t ... | 2014 | 24877766 |
| effect of specific amino acid substitutions in the putative fusion peptide of structural glycoprotein e2 on classical swine fever virus replication. | e2, along with e(rns) and e1, is an envelope glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv). e2 is involved in several virus functions: cell attachment, host range susceptibility and virulence in natural hosts. here we evaluate the role of a specific e2 region, (818)cpigwtgviec(828), containing a putative fusion peptide (fp) sequence. reverse genetics utilizing a full-length infectious clone of the highly virulent csfv strain brescia (bicv) was used to evaluate how individual amino acid subs ... | 2014 | 24889231 |
| generation of a recombinant classical swine fever virus stably expressing the firefly luciferase gene for quantitative antiviral assay. | classical swine fever (csf), caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), is a highly contagious swine disease leading to significant economic losses worldwide. vaccines are widely used to control the disease, and no csfv-specific antivirals are currently available. to facilitate anti-csfv molecule discovery, we developed a reporter virus csfv-n(pro)fluc stably expressing the firefly luciferase (fluc) gene in the n(pro) gene. the reporter virus enabled more sensitive and convenient detection of ... | 2014 | 24956495 |
| specific ligands for classical swine fever virus screened from landscape phage display library. | classical swine fever (csf) is a devastating infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). the screening of csfv-specific ligands is of great significance for diagnosis and treatment of csf. affinity selection from random peptide libraries is an efficient approach to discover ligands with high stability and specificity. here, we screened phage ligands for the csfv e2 protein from f8/8 landscape phage display library by biopanning and obtained four phage clones specific for the ... | 2014 | 24977927 |
| no evidence of african swine fever virus replication in hard ticks. | african swine fever (asf) is caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), a tick-borne dna virus. soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros are the only biological vectors of asfv recognized so far. although other hard ticks have been tested for vector competence, two commonly found tick species in europe, ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus, have not been assessed for their vector competence for asfv. in this study, we aimed to determine whether virus replication can occur in any of these two ... | 2014 | 24980962 |
| modular framework to assess the risk of african swine fever virus entry into the european union. | the recent occurrence and spread of african swine fever (asf) in eastern europe is perceived as a serious risk for the pig industry in the european union (eu). in order to estimate the potential risk of asf virus (asfv) entering the eu, several pathways of introduction were previously assessed separately. the present work aimed to integrate five of these assessments (legal imports of pigs, legal imports of products, illegal imports of products, fomites associated with transport and wild boar mov ... | 2014 | 24992824 |
| molecular characterization of african swine fever virus from domestic pigs in northern tanzania during an outbreak in 2013. | african swine fever (asf) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), a double-stranded dna virus of the family asfarviridae. in this study, molecular diagnosis and characterization of outbreak asfv in northern tanzania, was performed on spleen, lymph node, kidney, and heart samples collected in june and july 2013 from domestic pigs that died during a hemorrhagic disease outbreak. confirmatory diagnosis of asf was ... | 2014 | 24996815 |
| interaction of structural core protein of classical swine fever virus with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway protein os9. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) core protein is involved in virus rna protection, transcription regulation and virus virulence. to discover additional core protein functions a yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify host proteins that interact with core. among the identified host proteins, the osteosarcoma amplified 9 protein (os9) was further studied. using alanine scanning mutagenesis, the os9 binding site in the csfv core protein was identified, between core residues (90)iaim(93), nea ... | 2014 | 25010283 |
| suitability of faeces and tissue samples as a basis for non-invasive sampling for african swine fever in wild boar. | a challenging aspect of asfv control in wild boar populations is the design and implementation of effective surveillance and monitoring programmes, both for early warning, and to determine the ongoing epidemiological situation in an infected population. testing blood samples requires invasive sampling strategies like hunting or capture of wild boar. besides being biased towards healthy animals, such strategies are also linked to further spread of the virus. non-invasive sampling strategies would ... | 2014 | 25017975 |
| comparison of conventional rt-pcr, reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and sybr green i-based real-time rt-pcr in the rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus nucleotide in contaminated commercial bovine sera batches. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can contaminate biological products produced in bovine or porcine cells or manufactured using bovine sera. a rapid, specific, sensitive, and practical method of detecting bvdv in bio-products is needed. the purpose of this study was to compare three assays with respect to their ability to accurately detect bvdv in biological samples, namely reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp), sybr green i-based real-time rt-pcr, and conventio ... | 2014 | 25019170 |
| a sensitive multiplex real-time pcr panel for rapid diagnosis of viruses associated with porcine respiratory and reproductive disorders. | the objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time pcr panel using taqman probes for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus north american type (prrsv-na), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine parvovirus type 1 (ppv1) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). specific primer and probe combinations for pcv2, prrsv, prv, csfv, ppv1 and jev were selected within the conserv ... | 2014 | 25044282 |
| tissues expression, polymorphisms identification of fcrn gene and its relationship with serum classical swine fever virus antibody level in pigs. | neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) gene encodes a receptor that binds the fc region of monomeric immunoglobulin g (igg) and is responsible for igg transport and stabilization. in this report, the 8,900 bp porcine fcrn genomic dna structure was identified and putative fcrn protein included 356 amino acids. alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the porcine fcrn amino acid sequences with their homologies of other species showed high identity. tissues expression of fcrn mrna was detected by real time quan ... | 0 | 25049667 |
| drivers and risk factors for circulating african swine fever virus in uganda, 2012-2013. | we explored observed risk factors and drivers of infection possibly associated with african swine fever (asf) epidemiology in uganda. representative sub-populations of pig farms and statistics were used in a case-control model. indiscriminate disposal of pig viscera and waste materials after slaughter, including on open refuse dumps, farm-gate buyers collecting pigs and pig products from within a farm, and retention of survivor pigs were plausible risk factors. wire mesh-protected windows in pig ... | 2014 | 25066802 |
| comparative analyses of host responses upon infection with moderately virulent classical swine fever virus in domestic pigs and wild boar. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. clinical signs may vary from almost inapparent infection to a hemorrhagic fever like illness. among the host factors leading to different disease courses are age, breed, and immune status. the aim of this study was to compare host responses of different pig breeds upon infection with a recent moderately virulent csf virus (csfv) strain, and to assess their impact on the clinical outcome and the efficiency of immune ... | 2014 | 25073480 |
| vaccine potential of two previously uncharacterized african swine fever virus isolates from southern africa and heterologous cross protection of an avirulent european isolate. | african swine fever (asf) is a mostly fatal viral infection of domestic pigs for which there is no vaccine available. the disease is endemic to most of sub-saharan africa, causes severe losses and threatens food security in large parts of the continent. naturally occurring attenuated asf viruses have been tested as vaccine candidates, but protection was variable depending on the challenge virus. in this study, the virulence of two african isolates, one from a tick vector and the other from an in ... | 2016 | 25073549 |
| partial activation of natural killer and γδ t cells by classical swine fever viruses is associated with type i interferon elicited from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccines can rapidly confer protection in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. with an aim of providing information on the cellular mechanisms that may mediate this protection, we explored the interaction of porcine natural killer (nk) cells and γδ t cells with csfv. both nk and γδ t cells were refractory to infection with attenuated or virulent csfv, and no stimulatory effects, as assessed by the expression of major histocom ... | 2014 | 25080554 |
| seroprevalence and associated risk factors of important pig viral diseases in bhutan. | a cross-sectional serological study was conducted in bhutan between october 2011 and february 2012 to determine the prevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv) subtype h1n1 and aujeszky's disease virus (adv). furthermore, risk factors for the seropositive status were investigated. antibodies to siv, subtype h1n1 (likely pandemic h1n1 2009) were detected i ... | 2014 | 25081946 |
| induction of immune responses in mice and pigs by oral administration of classical swine fever virus e2 protein expressed in rice calli. | classical swine fever (csf), caused by the csf virus (csfv), is a highly contagious disease in pigs. in korea, vaccination using a live-attenuated strain (lom strain) has been used to control the disease. however, parenteral vaccination using a live-attenuated strain still faces a number of problems related to storage, cost, injection stress, and differentiation of csfv infected and vaccinated pigs. therefore, two kinds of new candidates for oral vaccination have been developed based on the tran ... | 2014 | 25091740 |
| development of an evagreen-based multiplex real-time pcr assay with melting curve analysis for simultaneous detection and differentiation of six viral pathogens of porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder. | concurrent infection of pigs with two or more pathogens is common in pigs under intensive rearing conditions. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and pseudorabies virus (prv) are all associated with reproductive or respiratory disorders or both and can cause significant economic losses in pig production worldwide. an evagreen-based multiplex r ... | 2014 | 25102430 |
| establishment and application of a multiplex pcr for rapid and simultaneous detection of six viruses in swine. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed and evaluated subsequently for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting mixed viral infections of swine. specific primers were designed and used for testing the six swine viruses: three dna viruses, including pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2); three common rna viruses, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and japanese encephalitis v ... | 2014 | 25116201 |
| predominance of genotype 1.1 and emergence of genotype 2.2 classical swine fever viruses in north-eastern region of india. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and the most important disease of pigs worldwide.csf is enzootic in pig herds in india and continues to cause huge economic losses to pig farmers. nearly 40% of the total pig population of india is present in the north-eastern (ne) states where pig husbandry plays an important role in the socio-economic development. pigs reared in the backyards are the only source of livelihood for a majority of poor tribal population in the region. hardly any c ... | 2014 | 25135466 |
| classical swine fever virus and p7 protein induce secretion of il-1β in macrophages. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) has a tropism for vascular endothelial cells and immune system cells. the process and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including il-1β and il-18, is one of the fundamental reactions of the innate immune response to viral infection. in this study, we investigated the production of il-1β from macrophages following csfv infection. our results showed that il-1β was upregulated after csfv infection through activating caspase-1. subsequent studies demonstrated ... | 2014 | 25146005 |
| genetic variation among african swine fever genotype ii viruses, eastern and central europe. | african swine fever virus (asfv) was first reported in eastern europe/eurasia in 2007. continued spread of asfv has placed central european countries at risk, and in 2014, asfv was detected in lithuania and poland. sequencing showed the isolates are identical to a 2013 asfv from belarus but differ from asfv isolated in georgia in 2007. | 2014 | 25148518 |
| up-regulated expression of pd-1 and its ligands during acute classical swine fever virus infection in swine. | in order to investigate the relationship between the pd-1 pathway and impairment of immune responses with the csfv infection, the mrna expression of pd-1 and its ligands were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) during artificial csfv infection. simultaneously, expression of il-2 and il-10 mrna were detected. the t cell proliferation and csfv load in plasma were also measured. results showed that the expression of pd-1 and its ligands mrna were significantly increased (p < ... | 2014 | 25178664 |
| extensive homologous recombination in classical swine fever virus: a re-evaluation of homologous recombination events in the strain af407339. | in this short report, the genome-wide homologous recombination events were re-evaluated for classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain af407339. we challenged a previous study which suggested only one recombination event in af407339 based on 25 csfv genomes. through our re-analysis on the 25 genomes in the previous study and the 41 genomes used in the present study, we argued that there should be possibly at least two clear recombination events happening in af407339 through genome-wide scanning. ... | 2014 | 25183941 |
| generation and efficacy evaluation of recombinant classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein expressed in stable transgenic mammalian cell line. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), which is a highly contagious swine disease that causes significant economic loses to the pig industry worldwide. the envelope e2 glycoprotein of csfv is the most important viral antigen in inducing protective immune response against csf. in this study, we generated a mammalian cell clone (bcsfv-e2) that could stably produce a secreted form of csfv e2 protein (me2). the me2 protein was shown to be n-linked g ... | 2014 | 25198669 |
| expression library immunization can confer protection against lethal challenge with african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is one of the most devastating pig diseases, against which there is no vaccine available. recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated the protective potential of dna vaccines encoding three african swine fever viral antigens (p54, p30, and the hemagglutinin extracellular domain) fused to ubiquitin. partial protection was afforded in the absence of detectable antibodies prior to virus challenge, and survival correlated with the presence of a large number of hemagglutinin- ... | 2014 | 25210179 |
| characterization of the c-terminal sequence of ns5a necessary for the assembly and production of classical swine fever virus infectious particles. | recent studies show that classical swine fever virus (csfv) ns5a is an essential replicase component, but it is not known how ns5a participates in viral particle production. in this study, deletion and substitution mutations were introduced into the c-terminus of csfv ns5a. the efficiency of core protein release and extracellular and intracellular infectivity levels were assessed and ns5a-core interaction was investigated. these results suggested that csfv ns5a was a key factor for the assembly ... | 2014 | 25218811 |
| evaluation of hemostaseological status of pigs experimentally infected with african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by african swine fever virus (asfv). hemorrhages are the most frequently reported lesions in acute and subacute forms of asf. hemorrhagic lesions are accompanied by impaired hemostasis, which includes thrombocytopenia and changes in the coagulation system. in the present study, experimental infection was conducted to elucidate whether a highly virulent asfv genotype ii circulating in the trans-caucasus and eastern euro ... | 2014 | 25239678 |
| rescue of the highly virulent classical swine fever virus strain "koslov" from cloned cdna and first insights into genome variations relevant for virulence. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain "koslov" is highly virulent with a mortality rate of up to 100% in pigs. in this study, we modified non-functional cdnas generated from the blood of koslov virus infected pigs by site-directed mutagenesis, removing non-synonymous mutations step-by-step, thereby producing genomes encoding the consensus amino acid sequence. viruses rescued from the construct corresponding to the inferred parental form were highly virulent, when tested in pigs, with infecte ... | 2014 | 25240324 |
| dynamics of african swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly virulent swine pathogen that has spread across eastern europe since 2007 and for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available. the dynamics of shedding and excretion is not well known for this currently circulating asfv strain. therefore, susceptible pigs were exposed to pigs intramuscularly infected with the georgia 2007/1 asfv strain to measure those dynamics through within- and between-pen transmission scenarios. blood, oral, nasal an ... | 2014 | 25256695 |
| efficacy of csf vaccine cp7_e2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies. | there is a need for live diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines against classical swine fever (csf). the aim of this study was to investigate whether vaccination with the chimeric pestivirus vaccine cp7_e2alf is efficacious to protect young piglets born from vaccinated sows, thus with maternally derived antibodies (mdas). groups of 10 piglets each, with or without mdas, were vaccinated either intramuscularly (im), at an age of 3 or 6 weeks, or orally (or), at an age of ... | 2014 | 25265929 |
| effectiveness of the e2-classical swine fever virus recombinant vaccine produced and formulated within whey from genetically transformed goats. | subunit recombinant vaccines against classical swine fever virus (csfv) are a promising alternative to overcome practical and biosafety issues with inactivated vaccines. one of the strategies in evaluation under field conditions is the use of a new marker e2-based vaccine produced in the milk of adenovirally transduced goats. previously we had demonstrated the efficacy of this antigen, which conferred early protection and long-lasting immunity in swine against csfv infection. here, we have used ... | 2014 | 25274802 |
| complete genome sequence of an indian field isolate of classical swine fever virus belonging to subgenotype 1.1. | we report the complete genome sequence of an indian field isolate of classical swine fever virus (csfv) belonging to predominant subgenotype 1.1 prevalent in india. this report will help in understanding the molecular diversity of csfv strains circulating worldwide and to select and develop a suitable vaccine candidate for classical swine fever (csf) control in india. | 2014 | 25278522 |
| integrin β3 is required in infection and proliferation of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly infectious fatal pig disease, resulting in huge economic loss to the swine industry. integrins are membrane-bound signal mediators, expressed on a variety of cell surfaces and are known as receptors or co-receptors for many viruses. however, the role of integrin β3 in csfv infection is unknown. here, through quantitive pcr, immunofluorescence (ifc) and immunocytohistochemistry (icc), we revealed that st (swine testicles epithelial) cells have a prominent a ... | 2014 | 25340775 |
| emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of india in 2011. | limited studies are available on molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in india and are restricted to domestic pigs. these studies show the presence of 1.1. genotype. | 2014 | 25365116 |
| the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 2b6 in the b/c domains of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2 affects viral binding to hyperimmune sera and replication. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious disease of pigs caused by csf virus (csfv). e2 is the major viral envelope protein of immune dominance that induces neutralizing antibodies and confers protection against csfv infection. the b/c domains of e2 are variable among csfv isolates, which could affect immunogenicity and binding to antibodies. we attempted to characterize the epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody 2b6 (mab-2b6) raised against the e2 b/c domains of the vaccine c-str ... | 2015 | 25370727 |
| differentiation of classical swine fever virus infection from cp7_e2alf marker vaccination by a multiplex microsphere immunoassay. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs that has a tremendous socioeconomic impact. vaccines are available for disease control. however, most industrialized countries are implementing stamping-out strategies to eliminate the disease and avoid trade restrictions. these restrictions can be avoided through the use of marker vaccines such as cp7_e2alf. marker vaccines have to be accompanied by reliable and robust discriminatory assays. in this context, a multiplex mi ... | 2015 | 25378351 |
| pestiviruses. | pestiviruses cause economically important diseases among domestic ruminants and pigs, but they may also infect a wide spectrum of wild species of even-toed ungulates (artiodactyla). bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus of sheep infect their hosts either transiently or persistently. cellular and humoral immunotolerance to the infecting strain is a unique feature of persistent infection (pi) by ruminant pestiviruses. persistence, caused by transplacental infection early in f ... | 2014 | 25384138 |
| in situ hybridization with labeled probes: assessment of african swine fever virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. | in situ hybridization (ish) has become a very valuable molecular diagnostic tool to detect specific dna or rna sequences in biological samples through the use of complementary dna- or rna-labeled probes. here, we describe an optimized in situ hybridization protocol to detect african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using digoxigenin-labeled probes. | 2015 | 25399099 |
| related strains of african swine fever virus with different virulence: genome comparison and analysis. | two strains of african swine fever virus (asfv), the high-virulence lisboa60 (l60) and the low-virulence nh/p68 (nhv), which have previously been used in effective immunization/protection studies, were sequenced. both were isolated in portugal during the 11-year period after the introduction of asfv to the european continent in 1957. the predicted proteins coded by both strains were compared, and where differences were found these were also compared to other strains of known virulence. this high ... | 2015 | 25406173 |
| production of transgenic pigs over-expressing the antiviral gene mx1. | the myxovirus resistance gene (mx1) has a broad spectrum of antiviral activities. it is therefore an interesting candidate gene to improve disease resistance in farm animals. in this study, we report the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) to produce transgenic pigs over-expressing the mx1 gene. these transgenic pigs express approximately 15-25 times more mx1 mrna than non-transgenic pigs, and the protein level of mx1 was also markedly enhanced. we challenged fibroblast cells isolated fr ... | 2014 | 25408889 |
| the medical and veterinary role of ornithodoros erraticus complex ticks (acari: ixodida) on the iberian peninsula. | argasid ticks of the ornithodoros erraticus complex are associated with traditional pig-farming practices on the iberian peninsula and are also found elsewhere in north africa, west africa, and western asia. the ticks associated with pig farming on the iberian peninsula are the only biological vectors of african swine fever virus (asfv) known to occur in europe, and their ecology makes them an extremely effective reservoir of both asfv and the borrelia species which cause tick-borne relapsing fe ... | 2014 | 25424252 |
| african swine fever diagnosis adapted to tropical conditions by the use of dried-blood filter papers. | the performance of whatman 3-mm filter papers for the collection, drying, shipment and long-term storage of blood at ambient temperature, and for the detection of african swine fever virus and antibodies was assessed. conventional and real-time pcr, viral isolation and antibody detection by elisa were performed on paired samples (blood/tissue versus dried-blood 3-mm filter papers) collected from experimentally infected pigs and from farm pigs in madagascar and côte d'ivoire. 3-mm filter papers w ... | 2016 | 25430732 |
| classical swine fever in wild hog: report of its prevalence in northeast india. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease, hog cholera in pigs. the disease is endemic in many parts of the world and vaccination is the only way to protect the animals from csfv infection. wild hogs belong to the species sus scrofa cristatus under the family suidae are quite susceptible to csfv infection. the epidemiological role concerning classical swine fever (csf) in india is largely unknown. we report here the three isolated cases of csf in wi ... | 2016 | 25430917 |
| tree imbalance causes a bias in phylogenetic estimation of evolutionary timescales using heterochronous sequences. | phylogenetic estimation of evolutionary timescales has become routine in biology, forming the basis of a wide range of evolutionary and ecological studies. however, there are various sources of bias that can affect these estimates. we investigated whether tree imbalance, a property that is commonly observed in phylogenetic trees, can lead to reduced accuracy or precision of phylogenetic timescale estimates. we analysed simulated data sets with calibrations at internal nodes and at the tips, taki ... | 2015 | 25431227 |
| classical swine fever virus induces oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection causes significant losses of pigs, which is characterized by hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation and leucopenia. the swine vascular endothelial cell is a primary target cell for csfv. the aim of this study was to determine the role of csfv infection in inducing oxidative stress (os) in vascular endothelial cells. | 2014 | 25439655 |
| glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus expressed by baculovirus induces the protective immune responses in rabbits. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by csf virus (csfv) is a highly contagious and devastating disease that affects the pig industry worldwide. the glycoprotein e2 of csfv is the principal immunogenic protein that induces neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. several csfv genotypes, including 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, have been identified in mainland china. the glycoprotein e2 of genotypes 1.1 and 2.1 was expressed by using a baculovirus system and tested for its protective immunity in r ... | 2014 | 25446823 |
| alternative sampling strategies for passive classical and african swine fever surveillance in wild boar--extension towards african swine fever virus antibody detection. | 2014 | 25448452 | |
| effects of the nuclear localization of the n(pro) protein of classical swine fever virus on its virulence in pigs. | the n(pro) protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. however, it is unknown whether the nuclear localization of n(pro) correlates with the virulence of csfv in the host. previously, we showed that the n(pro) protein fused with interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) was present only in the cytoplasm. here, we generated and evaluated a recombinant csfv vsm-irf3 harboring the irf3 gene inserted into the n(pro) gene of the highly virulent csfv shimen str ... | 2014 | 25457365 |
| development of an improved live attenuated antigenic marker csf vaccine strain candidate with an increased genetic stability. | controlling classical swine fever (csf) involves vaccination in endemic regions and preemptive slaughter of infected swine herds during epidemics. live attenuated marker vaccines that confer effective protection against the disease and allow differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva) could impact csf control policies. previously, we reported the development of flagt4 virus (flagt4v), a rationally designed live attenuated marker vaccine. during its vaccine assessment, flagt4v ... | 2014 | 25461526 |
| african swine fever virus orf p1192r codes for a functional type ii dna topoisomerase. | topoisomerases modulate the topological state of dna during processes, such as replication and transcription, that cause overwinding and/or underwinding of the dna. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic double-stranded dna virus shown to contain an ofr (p1192r) with homology to type ii topoisomerases. here we observed that pp1192r is highly conserved among asfv isolates but dissimilar from other viral, prokaryotic or eukaryotic type ii topoisomerases. in both asfv/ba71v-infect ... | 2015 | 25463606 |
| quantification of different classical swine fever virus transmission routes within a single compartment. | during outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf), csf virus (csfv) can be transmitted via different routes. understanding these transmission routes is crucial in preventing the unlimited spread of the virus in a naïve population, and the subsequent eradication of the virus from that population. the objectives of the present study were to quantify virus transmission within a compartment, differentiating between transmission within a pen, transmission between pens via contact through (open) pen par ... | 2014 | 25465177 |
| toxicity to the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of piglets treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. | florfenicol (flo) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for treatment of bacteriosis of piglets in veterinary practice. to study the toxicity to the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of piglets treated with a therapeutic dose of flo, 20 healthy weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into two groups. piglets in the flo group were fed with fodder supplemented with 30mg/kg bw of flo twice a day for 10 days. blood samples were drawn at four time points: 1 day before flo administration a ... | 2014 | 25467888 |
| investigation into the epidemiology of african swine fever virus at the wildlife - domestic interface of the gorongosa national park, central mozambique. | an epidemiological study of african swine fever (asf) was conducted between march 2006 and september 2007 in a rural area adjacent to the gorongosa national park (gnp) located in the central mozambique. domestic pigs and warthogs were sampled to determine the prevalence of antibodies against asf virus and the salivary antigens of ornithodoros spp. ticks, while ticks collected from pig pens were tested for the presence of asfv. in addition, 310 framers were interviewed to gain a better understand ... | 2016 | 25483914 |
| virus-like particles of chimeric recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 as antigen vehicle carrying foreign epitopes. | virus-like particles (vlps) of chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were generated by replacing the nuclear localization signal (nls; at 1-39 aa) of pcv2 capsid protein (cap) with classical swine fever virus (csfv) t-cell epitope (1446-1460 aa), csfv b-cell epitope (693-716 aa) and csfv t-cell epitope conjugated with b-cell epitope. the recombinant proteins were expressed using the baculovirus expression system and detected by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay. the abilit ... | 2014 | 25490764 |
| differential detection of classical swine fever virus challenge strains in c-strain vaccinated pigs. | control of classical swine fever (csf) by vaccination ideally requires that field strain infection can be detected irrespective of the vaccination status of the herd. to inform on the usefulness of molecular tests compatible with genetic differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) principles when using live-attenuated vaccines, tonsil homogenates from a vaccination-challenge experiment were analyzed using a differential real-time qrt-pcr for the c-strain vaccine or real-time qrt-p ... | 2014 | 25495277 |
| the progressive adaptation of a georgian isolate of african swine fever virus to vero cells leads to a gradual attenuation of virulence in swine corresponding to major modifications of the viral genome. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a contagious and often lethal disease of feral and domestic swine. experimental vaccines derived from naturally occurring, genetically modified, or cell culture-adapted asfv have been evaluated, but no commercial vaccine is available to control african swine fever (asf). we report here the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of viruses obtained at different passages during the process of adaptation of a virulent asfv field isolate from the republic of georgi ... | 2015 | 25505073 |
| studying classical swine fever virus: making the best of a bad virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreak of csf can cause heavy economic losses to the pig industry. the strategies to prevent, control and eradicate csf disease are based on containing the disease through a systematic prophylactic vaccination policy and a non-vaccination stamping-out policy. the quest for prevention, control and eradication of csf has moved research forward in academia and industry, and has pr ... | 2015 | 25510481 |
| african swine fever virus cd2v and c-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity. | african swine fever (asf) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. no asf vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of asf virus (asfv) strain diversity and the viral antigens responsible for protection in the pig. available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate asf protective immunity is haemadsorption inhibition (hai) serotype-specific. a better understanding of asfv hai serological groups and their di ... | 2015 | 25524164 |
| genetic features of a translation initiation system composed of ires element, nucleotide context surrounding the initiation codon, and translation initiation region of classical swine fever virus rna. | nucleotide and codon usage are typically examined to investigate viral evolution. in this study, we analyzed the genetic information of 46 strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) rna, nucleotide usage in the internal ribosome entry site (ires), the nucleotide context surrounding the initiation codon, and synonymous codon usage in the translation initiation region. phylogenetic analysis of the ires element indicated that the genetic diversity of this element is generally similar to the phyl ... | 2014 | 25526200 |
| molecular characterization of e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus: adaptation and propagation in porcine kidney cells. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease, hog cholera in pigs. the disease is endemic in many parts of the world, and vaccination is the only way to protect the animals from csfv infection. the lapinized vaccine strains are occasionally not protective because of animal to animal passage, inadequate vaccination strategy, suboptimal vaccine dose, and emergence of new variants. the surface glycoprotein e2 of csfv is a major antigenic determinant and c ... | 2015 | 25552311 |
| porcine complement regulatory protein cd46 and heparan sulfates are the major factors for classical swine fever virus attachment in vitro. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of a severe multi-systemic disease of pigs. while several aspects of virus-host-interaction are known, the early steps of infection remain unclear. for the closely related bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a cellular receptor is known: bovine complement regulatory protein cd46. given that these two pestiviruses are closely related, porcine cd46 is also a candidate receptor for csfv. in addition to cd46, cell-culture-adapted csfv strains ... | 2015 | 25559665 |
| homologous recombination in pestiviruses: identification of three putative novel events between different subtypes/genogroups. | viruses from the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae have a non-segmented, single-stranded rna genome and can cause diseases in animals from the order artiodactyla. homologous recombination is rarely reported in this virus family. to detect possible recombination events, all complete pestivirus genomes that are available in genbank were screened using distinct algorithms to detect genetic conversions and incongruent phylogenies. three putative recombinant viruses derived from recombinati ... | 2015 | 25562124 |
| annexin a2 is involved in the production of classical swine fever virus infectious particles. | annexin a2 (anxa2) is an important host factor regulating several key processes in many viruses. to evaluate the potential involvement of anxa2 in the life cycle of classical swine fever virus (csfv), an rna interference (rnai) approach was utilized. knockdown of anxa2 did not impair csfv rna replication but significantly reduced csfv production. a comparable reduction of extracellular and intracellular infectivity levels was detected, indicating that anxa2 might play a role in csfv assembly rat ... | 2015 | 25593157 |
| complete genome sequence of classical swine fever virus subgenogroup 2.1 from assam, india. | we report the complete genome sequence of a classical swine fever virus (genogroup 2.1), isolated from an outbreak in assam, india. this particular isolate showed a high degree of genetic variation within the subgenogroup 2.1 and may serve as a potential reference strain of the 2.1 genogroup of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in the indian subcontinent. | 2015 | 25614559 |
| comparative analysis of african swine fever virus genotypes and serogroups. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic disease among pigs, and asfv's extreme antigenic diversity hinders vaccine development. we show that p72 asfv phylogenetic analysis does not accurately define asfv hemadsorption inhibition assay serogroups. thus, conventional asfv genotyping cannot discriminate between viruses of different virulence or predict efficacy of a specific asfv vaccine. | 2015 | 25625574 |
| insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) for rapid and sensitive detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is an oie-listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. user-friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low-cost field-deployable instruments for csf diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. in this study, we describe validation of a new probe-based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on a compact, user-friendly dev ... | 2016 | 25644051 |
| comparative analysis of the complete genome sequences of kenyan african swine fever virus isolates within p72 genotypes ix and x. | twelve complete african swine fever virus (asfv) genome sequences are currently publicly available and these include only one sequence from east africa. we describe genome sequencing and annotation of a recent pig-derived p72 genotype ix, and a tick-derived genotype x isolate from kenya using the illumina platform and comparison with the kenya 1950 isolate. the three genomes constitute a cluster that was phylogenetically distinct from other asfv genomes, but 98-99 % conserved within the group. v ... | 2015 | 25645905 |
| analysis of a pair of end+ and end- viruses derived from the same bovine viral diarrhea virus stock reveals the amino acid determinants in npro responsible for inhibition of type i interferon production. | the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon is induced by the inhibition of type i interferon in pestivirus-infected cells in vitro, via proteasomal degradation of cellular interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3 with the property of the viral autoprotease protein n(pro). reportedly, the amino acid residues in the zinc-binding trash motif of n(pro) determine the difference in characteristics between end-phenomenon-positive (end(+)) and end-phenomenon-negative (end(-)) classical swine ... | 2014 | 25648277 |
| african swine fever virus infects macrophages, the natural host cells, via clathrin- and cholesterol-dependent endocytosis. | the main cellular target for african swine fever virus (asfv) is the porcine macrophage. however, existing data about the early phases of infection were previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as vero cells. here, we report that asfv enters the natural host cell using dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. this pathway is strongly ph-dependent during the first steps of infection in porcine macrophages. we investigated the effect of drugs inhibiting several endocytic pa ... | 2015 | 25662020 |
| immunization of african indigenous pigs with attenuated genotype i african swine fever virus ourt88/3 induces protection against challenge with virulent strains of genotype i. | the attenuated african swine fever virus genotype i strain ourt88/3 has previously been shown to induce protection of european breeds of domestic pigs against challenge with virulent isolates. to determine whether protective immune responses could also be induced in indigenous breeds of pigs from the kinshassa region in democratic republic of congo, we immunized a group of eight pigs with ourt88/3 strain and challenged the pigs 3 weeks later with virulent genotype i strain ourt88/1. four of the ... | 2016 | 25691347 |
| the laminin receptor is a cellular attachment receptor for classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious, economically important viral disease in many countries. the e(rns) and e2 envelope glycoproteins are responsible for the binding to and entry into the host cell by csfv. to date, only one cellular receptor, heparan sulfate (hs), has been identified as being involved in csfv attachment. hs is also present on the surface of various cells that are nonpermissive to csfv. hence, there must b ... | 2015 | 25694590 |
| annexin 2 is a host protein binding to classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein and promoting viral growth in pk-15 cells. | glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a key determinant and major immunogen for viral entry and immunity, but little is known about its interaction with host proteins. in a previous study, we showed by proteomic analysis that cellular membrane protein annexin 2 (anx2) was up-regulated in pk-15 cells following csfv infection, but its function in csfv replication remains unknown. in the present study we observed the interaction of anx2 with csfv e2 following infection of pk-15 c ... | 2015 | 25701745 |
| a dark-to-bright reporter cell for classical swine fever virus infection. | current methods to quantitate classical swine fever virus (csfv) infectivity in cell culture are time-consuming and labor-intensive. this study described the generation of a dark-to-bright fluorescent reporter cells to facilitate in vitro studies of csfv infection and replication. this assay was based on a novel reporter cell stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) fused in-frame to a quenching peptide via a special recognition sequence of the csfv ns3 protease. chromopho ... | 2015 | 25746332 |
| exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in greece. | increased density and distribution of wild boar populations are likely to promote interactions and transmission of certain pathogens, not only among wild boar but also from wild boar to livestock or humans and vice versa. | 2015 | 25774434 |
| an investigation of classical swine fever virus seroprevalence and risk factors in pigs in east nusa tenggara, eastern indonesia. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a highly infectious disease of pigs. it has had significant impacts on east nusa tenggara, eastern indonesia since its introduction in 1997. in spite of its importance to this region, little is known about its seroprevalence and distribution, and pig-level and farmer-level factors that may have an impact on the serological status of an individual pig. to address this knowledge deficit, a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in 2010 involving 2 ... | 2015 | 25792334 |
| a study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with african swine fever virus genotype ii. | african swine fever virus (asfv), the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of domestic pigs for which no vaccine is available, causes immune system disorders in infected animals. in this study, the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the histological and cellular constitution of lymphoid organs of pigs infected with asfv genotype ii were investigated. the results showed a high degree of lymphocyte depletion in the lymphoid organs, particularly in the sple ... | 2015 | 25797197 |
| a comparison of the impact of shimen and c strains of classical swine fever virus on toll-like receptor expression. | classical swine fever is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide and has tremendous socioeconomic impact. in this study, we focused on the signalling pathways of toll-like receptors (tlrs) because of their roles in the detection and response to viral infections. to this end, two classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains, namely the highly virulent csfv shimen strain and the avirulent c strain (a vaccine strain), were employed, and the expression of 19 immune effector genes was analys ... | 2015 | 25805409 |
| experimental infection of domestic pigs with african swine fever virus lithuania 2014 genotype ii field isolate. | an experimental infection was conducted to evaluate horizontal transmission, clinical, virological and humoral response induced in domestic pigs infected with african swine fever (asf) genotype ii virus circulating in 2014 into the european union (eu). ten naive pigs were placed in contact with eight pigs experimentally inoculated with the lithuanian lt14/1490 asf virus (asfv) responsible for the first asf case detected in wild boar in lithuania in january 2014. clinical examination and rectal t ... | 2017 | 25808027 |
| the n-terminal domain of npro of classical swine fever virus determines its stability and regulates type i ifn production. | the viral protein npro is unique to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. after autocatalytic cleavage from the nascent polyprotein, npro suppresses type i ifn (ifn-α/β) induction by mediating proteasomal degradation of ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf-3). previous studies found that the npro-mediated irf-3 degradation was dependent of a trash domain in the c-terminal half of npro coordinating zinc by means of the amino acid residues c112, c134, d136 and c138. interestingly, four clas ... | 2015 | 25809915 |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of mgf360 and mgf505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated asfvs where viral genes involved in virus virulence were removed from the genome. multigene family 360 (mgf360) and mgf505 represent a gro ... | 2015 | 25810553 |
| close relationship of ruminant pestiviruses and classical swine fever virus. | to determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (csfv)-specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from turkey. they differed genetically and antigenically from known pestivirus species and were closely related to csfv. cross-reactions would interfere with classical swine fever diagnosis in pigs. | 2015 | 25811683 |
| tandem repeat insertion in african swine fever virus, russia, 2012. | 2015 | 25812015 | |
| time-calibrated phylogenomics of the classical swine fever viruses: genome-wide bayesian coalescent approach. | the phylogeny of classical swine fever virus (csfv), the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), has been investigated extensively. however, no evolutionary research has been performed using the whole csfv genome. in this study, we used 37 published genome sequences to investigate the time-calibrated phylogenomics of csfv. in phylogenomic trees based on bayesian inference (bi) and maximum likelihood (ml), the 37 isolates were categorized into five genetic types (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.3, and 3 ... | 2015 | 25815768 |
| immunogenicity in swine of orally administered recombinant lactobacillus plantarum expressing classical swine fever virus e2 protein in conjunction with thymosin α-1 as an adjuvant. | classical swine fever, caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic losses in pig industries. the e2 protein is one of the main structural proteins of csfv and is capable of inducing csfv-neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activities in vivo. thymosin α-1 (tα1), an immune-modifier peptide, plays a very important role in the cellular immune response. in this study, genetically engineered lactobacillus plantaru ... | 2015 | 25819954 |
| discrimination within epitope specific antibody populations against classical swine fever virus is a new means of differentiating infection from vaccination. | serological differentiation between infection and vaccination depends on the detection of pathogen specific antibodies for an epitope that is modified or lacking in a vaccine. here we describe a new assay principle that is based on differences in the binding properties of epitope specific antibodies. c-diva is a potent classical swine fever vaccine candidate that differs from the parental c-strain life attenuated vaccine in the highly immunogenic tavspttlr epitope by the deletion of two and the ... | 2015 | 25825375 |
| heat shock protein 70 is associated with csfv ns5a protein and enhances viral rna replication. | the non-structural 5a (ns5a) protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is proven to be involved in viral replication and can also modulate cellular signaling via to its ability to interact with various cellular proteins. here, hsp70/ns5a complex formation is confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and gst-pulldown studies. additionally, the n-terminal amino acids (29-240) of ns5a were identified as the interaction region through in vivo deletion analyses, and confocal microscopy showed that ns5a ... | 2015 | 25827528 |
| analysis of hdac6 and bag3-aggresome pathways in african swine fever viral factory formation. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a double-stranded dna virus causing a hemorrhagic fever disease with high mortality rates and severe economic losses in pigs worldwide. asfv replicates in perinuclear sites called viral factories (vfs) that are morphologically similar to cellular aggresomes. this fact raises the possibility that both vfs and aggresomes may be the same structure. however, little is known about the process involved in the formation of these viral replication platforms. in order ... | 2015 | 25856634 |
| impact on antibody responses of b-cell-restricted transgenic expression of a viral gene inhibiting activation of nf-κb and nfat. | in this work, we have assessed the impact in vivo of the evasion gene a238l of african swine fever virus, an inhibitor of both nf-κb- and nfat-mediated transcription. the a238l gene was selectively expressed in mouse b lymphocytes using the promoter and enhancer sequences of the mouse ig μ heavy chain. the igm primary and igg2b secondary serological responses and the number of splenic germinal centres in response to the td antigens dnp-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and sheep red blood cells, respect ... | 2015 | 25864175 |
| faustovirus, an asfarvirus-related new lineage of giant viruses infecting amoebae. | giant viruses are protist-associated viruses belonging to the proposed order megavirales; almost all have been isolated from acanthamoeba spp. their isolation in humans suggests that they are part of the human virome. using a high-throughput strategy to isolate new giant viruses from their original protozoan hosts, we obtained eight isolates of a new giant viral lineage from vermamoeba vermiformis, the most common free-living protist found in human environments. this new lineage was proposed to ... | 2015 | 25878099 |