Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| The pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide in the camel. | 2011 | 21906084 | |
| comparative morphometric and glycohistochemical studies on the epididymal duct in the donkey (equus asinus) and dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | the present study was undertaken to compare morphometric and glycohistochemical differences in the epididymal duct of the donkey and the dromedary camel. paraffin-embedded sections from the different regions of the duct (caput, corpus and cauda) of both species were stained conventionally for general histology and histomorphometry and also with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) conjugated lectins for glycohistochemical mapping. morphometric data (means±se) showed that the luminal diameter was wi ... | 2011 | 21906788 |
| chondrosarcoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 4-year 10-month-old, intact female dromedary camel had progressive left carpal joint swelling and lameness for 7 months. radiographs showed multifocal lytic lesions in the carpal and proximal metacarpal bones. surgical biopsy of the synovial capsule and carpal bones suggested neoplasia, and the camel was subsequently euthanized. at necropsy, a white to pale pink, firm, multilobulated, soft tissue mass was located on the palmar aspect of the left carpal joint. two smaller masses were present on ... | 2011 | 21908303 |
| gross and histopathological studies on pulmonary lesions of camel (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at addis ababa abattoir, ethiopia. | this study was carried out with the aim of identifying types of gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of camels slaughtered between october 2009 and april 2010 at addis ababa abattoir enterprise, ethiopia. all camels were originated from borana and kereyu areas. a total of 387 slaughtered camel lungs were inspected during the study period. of which, one or more gross lesions were encountered on 300 lungs. lesions were further subjected for detail gross and histopathological examinations. ... | 2011 | 21909867 |
| affinity transfer to a human protein by cdr3 grafting of camelid vhh. | vhh is the binding domain of the igg heavy chain. some vhhs have an extremely long cdr3 that contributes to antigen binding. we studied the antigen binding ability of cdr3 by grafting a cdr3 from an antigen-binding vhh onto a nonbinding vhh. cab-ca05-(1ri8), the cdr3-grafted vhh, had an antigen-binding ability. to find a human scaffold protein acceptable for vhh cdr3 grafting, we focused on the conserved structure of vhh, especially the n-terminal and c-terminal amino acid residues of the cdr3 l ... | 2011 | 21910150 |
| biological activity of camel milk casein following enzymatic digestion. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis with digestive enzymes of camel whole casein and beta-casein (β-cn) on their antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ace)-inhibitory properties. peptides in each hydrolysate were fractionated with ultra-filtration membranes. the antioxidant activity was determined using a trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) scale. after enzymatic hydrolysis, both antioxidant and ace-inhibitory activities of camel whole ... | 2011 | 21910944 |
| Molecular diversity of the foregut bacteria community in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). | The molecular diversity of the foregut bacterial community in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Central Australia was investigated through comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences prepared from the foregut contents of 12 adult feral camels fed on native vegetation. A total of 267 full-length 16S rRNA gene clones were examined, with 151 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified at a 99% species-level identity cut-off criterion. The prediction of actual diversity in the foreg ... | 2011 | 21914099 |
| Nanobodies®: new ammunition to battle viruses. | In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of thera ... | 2011 | 21939690 |
| determination of testicular blood flow in camelids using vascular casting and color pulsed-wave doppler ultrasonography. | we describe the vasculature of the camelid testis using plastic casting. we also use color pulsed-wave doppler ultrasonography to measure testicular blood flow and compare the differences between testicular blood flow in fertile and infertile camelids. the testicular artery originates from the ventral surface of the aorta, gives rise to an epididymal branch, and becomes very tortuous as it approaches the testis. within the supratesticular arteries, peak systolic velocity (psv) was higher in fert ... | 2011 | 21941690 |
| camelpox virus. | camelpox virus (cmlv) causes a smallpox-like illness in a unique host, the camel. the disease is enzootic in almost all regions where camel husbandry is practiced, and is responsible for severe economic losses. although it is genetically the closest known virus to variola virus, the etiologic agent of smallpox, cmlv remains poorly studied. it is characterized by a narrow host range, the capacity to induce giant cells in culture and to counteract host immune defenses; however, the genetic bases a ... | 2011 | 21945248 |
| Generation of anti-infectome/anti-proteome nanobodies. | The immunization of an animal with a whole proteome or the infection of an animal and the screening of the resulting antibody repertoire on either the same or different proteome(s) or the infecting agent(s), omits the laborious steps of recombinant protein expression and purification to obtain multiple antigen binders. This procedure allows the identification of antibodies that are specific to unique or common signatures of different proteomes without prior knowledge of these signatures.Nanobodi ... | 2011 | 21948420 |
| Advanced colorectal cancer with double-hump camel-like appearance. | 2011 | 21951098 | |
| impact of albumin on drug delivery - new applications on the horizon. | over the past decades, albumin has emerged as a versatile carrier for therapeutic and diagnostic agents, primarily for diagnosing and treating diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and infectious diseases. market approved products include fatty acid derivatives of human insulin or the glucagon-like-1 peptide (levemir(®) and victoza(®)) for treating diabetes, the taxol albumin nanoparticle abraxane(®) for treating metastatic breast cancer which is also under clinical investigation in further tum ... | 2011 | 21959118 |
| camelus dromedarius putative cytochrome p450 enzyme cyp2e1: complete coding sequence and phylogenetic tree. | this study determined the full-length sequence of cyp2e1, one of six cytochrome p450 genes previously examined in camel tissues by western blotting and semi-quantitative pcr. the camelus dromedarius cyp2e1 has an open reading frame of 1,473 bp, and the cdna encodes a protein of 490 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 54.8 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity with bos taurus (88%), sus scrofa (87%), and homo sapiens (83%). in a phylogenetic analysis, the c. ... | 2011 | 21964519 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels (camelus dromedarius) in riyadh province, saudi arabia. | from april to december 2010, blood samples were collected from 412 healthy camels in riyadh province, saudi arabia and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of the 412 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in sixteen in titers of 1:20 and in seven in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in n ... | 2011 | 21980764 |
| south american camelid illegal traffic detection by means of molecular markers. | south american camelids comprise the wild species guanaco and vicuña and their respective domestic relatives llama and alpaca. the aim of the present study was to determine by dna analysis to which of these species belong a herd of camelids confiscated from a llama breeder but alleged to be alpacas by the prosecution, and to evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial and autosomal dna markers to solve judicial cases involving camelid taxa. cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase i mitochondrial genes ... | 2011 | 21982877 |
| Identification of meat species by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial COI gene. | Meat authenticity verification is pertinent for economical, religious or public health concerns. The present study investigates the use of PCR-RFLP of a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for identification of species origin of raw meat samples of cow, chicken, turkey, sheep, pig, buffalo, camel and donkey. PCR yielded a 710-bp fragment in all species. The amplicons were digested with seven restriction endonucleases (Hind II, Ava II, Rsa I, Taq I, Hpa II, Tru 1I ... | 2012 | 21996288 |
| nanobodies® specific for respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein protect against infection by inhibition of fusion. | despite the medical importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, there is no vaccine or therapeutic agent available. prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal rsv fusion (f) protein-specific antibody, can protect high-risk children. previously, we have demonstrated that rsv can be neutralized by picomolar concentrations of a camelid immunoglobulin single-variable domain that binds the rsv protein f (f-vhhb nanobodies). here, we investigated the mechanism b ... | 2011 | 21998474 |
| isolation and culture of preantral follicles for retrieving oocytes for the embryo production: present status in domestic animals. | the development of efficient ovarian preantral follicle (pf) isolation and culture systems provide a large number of oocytes for the manipulation and embryo production. it also helps for understanding the mechanisms of follicle and oocyte development. isolation and culture protocols for pfs were developed for many domestic species like cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, camel, dog and cats; however, embryo production from oocytes derived from in vitro grown pfs was reported only in pigs, ... | 2011 | 22008238 |
| Diagnostic Value of Animal-Side Antibody Assays for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti Infection in South American Camelids. | Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid testing (RT) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n = 44) or M. microti (n = 8) in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animal ... | 2011 | 22012976 |
| prevalence study of bovine viral diarrhea virus by evaluation of antigen capture elisa and rt-pcr assay in bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel aborted fetuses in iran. | abstract: bovine viral diarrhea virus is a pestivirus in the family flaviviridae that cause abortions and stillbirths in livestock and its traditional diagnosis is based on cell culture and virus neutralization test. in this study, for more sensitive, specific detection and determined the prevalence of virus in aborted bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel fetuses the antigen capture elisa and rt-pcr were recommended. from the total of 2173 aborted fetuses, 347 (15.96%) and 402 (18.49%) were ... | 2011 | 22018096 |
| Cloning and polymorphism analysis of prion protein gene in domestic bactrian camel in China. | Up to now, little is known about the prion protein gene (PRNP) of domestic bactrian camels, and no polymorphisms of the bactrian camel PRNP have been analyzed or reported. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the PRNP sequences of 89 domestic bactrian camels. The results showed that the amino acid sequence of bactrian camel PrP starts with the consensus sequence MVKSH, with almost identical amino acid sequence to the PrP of dromedary camels. A four octapeptide PHGGGWGQ repeat region follows a n ... | 2012 | 22019430 |
| enhancement of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor transcytosis by biparatopic vhh. | the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) ensures the transport of dimeric immunoglobulin a (diga) and pentameric immunoglobulin m (pigm) across epithelia to the mucosal layer of for example the intestines and the lungs via transcytosis. per day the human pigr mediates the excretion of 2 to 5 grams of diga into the mucosa of luminal organs. this system could prove useful for therapies aiming at excretion of compounds into the mucosa. here we investigated the use of the variable domain of came ... | 2011 | 22022593 |
| analysis and comparison of proteomic profiles of tear fluid from human, cow, sheep, and camel eyes. | to investigate the tear proteome profiles of human, cow, sheep, and camel comparatively and to explore the difference of tear protein profiles among different species. | 2011 | 22025569 |
| Monitoring Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines and Nicotine in Novel Marlboro and Camel Smokeless Tobacco Products: Findings From Round 1 of the New Product Watch. | INTRODUCTION: Information on chemical composition of the new oral "spitless" smokeless tobacco products is scarce, and it is not clear whether there is some variability as a function of purchase place or time due to either unintended or intended manufacturing variations or other conditions. METHODS: We analyzed tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) and nicotine in Marlboro Snus, Camel Snus, and dissolvable Camel products Orbs, Sticks, and Strips that were purchased in various regions of the cou ... | 2011 | 22039075 |
| measuring exposure to protobacco marketing and media: a field study using ecological momentary assessment. | introduction: the aims of this study were to validate ecological momentary assessment (ema) as a method for measuring exposure to tobacco-related marketing and media and to use this method to provide detailed descriptive data on college students' exposure to protobacco marketing and media. methods: college students (n = 134; ages 18-24 years) recorded their exposures to protobacco marketing and media on handheld devices for 21 consecutive days. participants also recalled exposures to various typ ... | 2011 | 22039076 |
| A molecular survey on cystic echinococcosis in Sinnar area, Blue Nile state (Sudan). | Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus species. Its life cycle involves dogs and other canids as definitive hosts for the intestinal tapeworm, as well as domestic and wild ungulates as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading metacestode (larval) stage. The disease has a special impact on disadvantaged pastoralist communities and is listed now among the three top priority neglected tropical disease (NTD). Therefore, CE is a neglected disease even in ... | 2011 | 22040487 |
| occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in bactrian camel in iran. | a study on naturally acquired gastrointestinal helminthic parasites in bactrian camel was carried out in ardabil province, northwest of iran, which is the main site of this species in iran. this species has importance in iran due to its low population. a total of 25 faecal samples (25% of population) were examined by clayton lane method to determine the egg count of different types of helminths in different age groups. helminth eggs were found in 13 (52%) of the faecal samples (0-191 e ... | 2011 | 22041757 |
| a long life among ruminants: giraffids and other special cases. | in order to investigate differences in the relative maximum longevity and other life history parameter between ruminant species, we collated data on mean body mass, maximum longevity, gestation period and newborn mass in wild ruminant and camelid species. among ruminants, giraffids (giraffe giraffa camelopardalis and okapi okapia johnstoni) have particularly high longevities, long gestation periods, and low intrauterine growth rates. a particularly high absolute and relative longevity is also ac ... | 2011 | 22045457 |
| ultrastructure features of camel cornea - collagen fibril and proteoglycans. | introduction the uniform distribution of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans maintain the transparency of normal cornea. we describe the ultrastructural features of camel cornea including collagen fibrils and proteoglycans (pgs). methods camel corneas (of 6-, 8-, and 10-month-old animals) were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer and processed for electron microscopy. the 'analysis ls professional' program was used to analyze the collagen fibril diame ... | 2011 | 22051149 |
| Inhibitory Effects of Native/Recombinant Full-Length Camel Lactoferrin and its N/C lobes on Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Huh7.5 Cells. | Lactoferrin was suggested to have anti-viral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The objective of this study was to compare effects of recombinant camel lactoferrin (rcLf), native camel lactoferrin (ncLf), and their N/C fragments on HCV infection in Huh7.5 cells. ncLf was purified from camel milk, and N/C-lobes were proteolytically generated. rcLf and its fragments were synthesized by Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. All proteins but the C-lobe of rcLf were soluble. The inhibitory ... | 2011 | 22052996 |
| the desert camel as a meat animal. | fifty-two mature, fattened male camels were used for determining live animal and carcase measurements, carcase yield and characteristics. the average slaughter weight of mature, fattened desert camels was 456 kg, while the mean empty body weight was 404·8 kg. the camel carcase dressed out as 55·8% and 63·6% of live and empty body weight, respectively. the mean carcase composition was 56% meat,19% bone and 13·7% fat. of the body components of the camel, the head, hide and liver represented 3·5, 8 ... | 1989 | 22055021 |
| chemical composition and quality of camel meat. | l. dorsi, semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles from the camel had similar moisture, protein and fat content, but significantly (p < 0·05) different ash content. these muscles had also similar sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein concentrations. l. dorsi muscle had the highest content of collagen but a higher solubility of hydroxyproline than semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles. it also had a brighter red colour. water-holding capacity was not significantly different between the thr ... | 1990 | 22055364 |
| reference values for the genitalia of male dromedary before and after puberty using caliper and ultrasonography in subtropics. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the dynamic changes of the testes and the pelvic genitalia in vivo in male dromedary. eighty-one clinically healthy male dromedaries aged 1.5 to 12 years were assigned for the present study. testicular length, breadth, and depth as well as epididymal head and tail were measured using caliper and ultrasonography. the pelvic genitalia, including bulbourethral gland, prostate, and pelvic urethra were examined using ultrasonography. the results reveal ... | 2011 | 22056018 |
| fatty acid composition of the meat and fat of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the fatty acid composition of lean raw meat taken from the hind leg of seven young (1-3 years of age) male one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) has been determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography; fat samples taken from the hump of these seven camels were also analysed. the saturated fatty acids in the meat account for 51·5% of the total fatty acids, while the monosaturated and polyunsaturated chains constitute 29·9 and 18·6%, respectively. the major fatty acids in camel meat are palmi ... | 1994 | 22059419 |
| physical and sensory characteristics of najdi-camel meat. | steaks were fabricated from three wholesale cuts: rib, chuck and leg of 18 najdi male camels averaging eight, 16 and 26 months of age. the influence of age, type of cut, freezing and cooking method on the physical and palatability traits of meat has been investigated. the results indicated that age had a significant influence on cooking loss and shear value, but there was no significant effect on drip loss, expressible moisture and organoleptic properties (tenderness, juiciness and flavour). how ... | 1995 | 22059763 |
| nutrient composition of najdi-camel meat. | the proximate composition, amino-acid composition, and inorganic nutrients of different wholesale cuts and organs of 18 (six each at eight, 16, and 26 months) najdi male camels have been determined. skeletal muscles contained 68·8-76% moisture; 19·4-20·5% protein; 4·1-10·6% fat, and 1·0-1·1% ash. in proximate composition, camel meat is generally similar to beef. significant differences (p < 0·05) in moisture, fat, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were found between samples. the meat ... | 1995 | 22059764 |
| effects of age on fatty acid composition of the hump and abdomen depot fats of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). | this study aimed to quantify concentrations of fatty acids in the hump and abdomen fats of three different age groups of camel. hump and abdomen fats were extracted from eight each of one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) of three age groups: group 1 (<1 year old), group 2 (1-3 years old) and group 3 (>3 years old). the fatty acid methyl ester concentrations of these fats were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (glc). the percentage of fat in the hump (h) and abdomen (a) fats was signific ... | 2002 | 22061418 |
| establishment and application of a polymerase chain reaction for the identification of beef. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method for the identification of beef by amplification of bovine 1.709 satellite dna was established. the method not only was able to amplify raw beef dna, but also cooked or autoclaved meat dna. the sequence selected for amplification consisted of a 218 bp dna fragment lying in the 1.709 satellite dna of bovine. a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides flanking this sequence were used as printers, and genomic dna extracted from beef samples employed as templa ... | 1999 | 22061857 |
| assessment of cooked alpaca and llama meats from the statistical analysis of data collected using an 'electronic nose'. | as part of an eu-funded project to assist in developing the production chain of meat from camelids in south america we have investigated the possibility of using an electronic nose to distinguish between the different types of meat of commercial interest. on-site monitoring of freshly cooked camelid meat using a bloodhound electronic nose has been carried out in peru and bolivia. sampling was carried out using inert, collapsible plastic bags. linear discriminant analysis of data generated by the ... | 2001 | 22061919 |
| effects of age on composition and quality of muscle longissimus thoracis of the omani arabian camel (camelus dromedaries). | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of age on chemical composition and quality characteristics of the arabian one-humped camel's meat. samples of longissimus thoracis (between the 10th and the 13th rib of the left side) were randomly collected from 21 omani intact male camels of three different age groups: group 1 (1-3 years), group 2 (3-5 years) and group 3 (6-8 years). samples were chilled (1-3°c) for 48h. moisture, crude protein, fat and ash were determined on freeze dried grou ... | 2006 | 22062561 |
| the yield and nutritional value of meat from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles. | the current knowledge of the yield and nutritional (proximate and fatty acid) composition of meat derived from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles is reviewed. although most of the species discussed give low cholesterol levels consistent with their low meat lipid contents, the tegu lizard gives a very low level (18.2mg/100g tissue). the fatty acid profiles of the various species all have low saturated fatty acids and high polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in favourabl ... | 2008 | 22063174 |
| a note on the influence of heat treatment, salting and smoking on the acceptability of camel meat products. | the present study was conducted to assess the effect of selected processing operations on the acceptability of camel meat products in dire dawa, eastern ethiopia. a total of eight camel meat products were prepared at two levels of salting, smoking, frying and cooking. they were evaluated by a sensory panel using a preference test. the results showed that the fully fried samples were not significantly different in preference to the smoked (2.5% salt, 3 h smoking) samples and were more acceptable ... | 1999 | 22063462 |
| a review of the growth, and of the carcass and meat quality characteristics of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedaries). | the dromedary camel is a good source of meat especially in areas where the climate adversely affects the performance of other meat animals. this is because of its unique physiological characteristics, including a great tolerance to high temperatures, solar radiation, water scarcity, rough topography and poor vegetation. the average birth weight of camels is about 35kg, but it varies widely between regions, breeds and within the same breed. the meat producing ability of camels is limited by modes ... | 2008 | 22063567 |
| comparison of fresh beef and camel meat proteolysis during cold storage. | the objective of this research was to determine the difference in myofibrillar fragmentation of camel meat and beef during postmortem aging. semitendinosus muscle was excised at slaughter and muscle ph was measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72h postmortem. myofibril fragmentation index was measured on 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postmortem. also, myofibrils isolated from semitendinosus muscles of camel and cattle at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days postmortem storage were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polya ... | 2008 | 22063614 |
| botulinum neurotoxins and botulism: a novel therapeutic approach. | specific treatment is not available for human botulism. current remedial mainstay is the passive administration of polyclonal antibody to botulinum neurotoxin (bont) derived from heterologous species (immunized animal or mouse hybridoma) together with supportive and symptomatic management. the antibody works extracellularly, probably by blocking the binding of receptor binding (r) domain to the neuronal receptors; thus inhibiting cellular entry of the holo-bont. the antibody cannot neutralize th ... | 2011 | 22069720 |
| effects of undenatured whey protein supplementation on cxcl12- and ccl21-mediated b and t cell chemotaxis in diabetic mice. | long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection. whey proteins (wps) enhance immunity during early life and have a protective role in some immune disorders. in this study, the effects of camel wp on the chemotaxis of b and t cells to cxcl12 and ccl21 in diabetic mice were investigated. | 2011 | 22070978 |
| an overview of brucellosis. | brucellosis is the most important zoonotic disease caused by brucella species comprising gram negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens. the true incidence of human brucellosis is unknown for most countries of the world including bangladesh. but brucellosis is not uncommon in our country. due to its increasing incidence in many countries of the world it is an important issue now days. domestic animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, camel, buffalo and dogs serve as a reservoir hosts. tr ... | 2011 | 22081201 |
| Purification and biochemical characterization of an organic-solvent-tolerant thioredoxin from dromedary pancreas. | We purified to homogeneity and characterized a heat stable thioredoxin which catalyzes thiol/disulfide exchange reaction, for the first time from dromedary pancreas. The purification involved heat and acidic treatment (90 °C; pH 2.5), precipitation by ammonium sulphate and ethanol, respectively followed by sequential column chromatography reverse HPLC column, and it resulted in an apparently pure protein after a 217-fold purification with a final yield of 55% of the initial thioredoxin activity. ... | 2012 | 22081312 |
| genetic characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) by using microarray dna technology. | from the camelidae family members, several serotypes of escherichia coli (e. coli) have recently been isolated from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic faecal samples. to date shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains have never been typed in one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). in the present study, two e. coli o157:h7 strains isolated from sick dromedaries were investigated. virulence gene profiles were determined using a custom e. coli virulence dna microarray, composed of 70-mer oligonucleot ... | 2011 | 22081366 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| Joe Camel in a Bottle: Diageo, the Smirnoff Brand, and the Transformation of the Youth Alcohol Market. | I have documented the shift in youth alcoholic beverage preference from beer to distilled spirits between 2001 and 2009. I have assessed the role of distilled spirits industry marketing strategies to promote this shift using the Smirnoff brand marketing campaign as a case example. I conclude with a discussion of the similarities in corporate tactics across consumer products with adverse public health impacts, the importance of studying corporate marketing and public relations practices, and th ... | 2011 | 22095339 |
| Functional organization of hsp70 cluster in camel (Camelus dromedarius) and other mammals. | Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone providing tolerance to heat and other challenges at the cellular and organismal levels. We sequenced a genomic cluster containing three hsp70 family genes linked with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region from an extremely heat tolerant animal, camel (Camelus dromedarius). Two hsp70 family genes comprising the cluster contain heat shock elements (HSEs), while the third gene lacks HSEs and should not be induced by heat shock ... | 2011 | 22096537 |
| dual beneficial effect of an interloop disulfide bond for single domain antibody fragments. | functional heavy-chain antibodies (hcabs) in camelids have their antigen-binding fragment comprised in a single domain, named vhh (variable domain of heavy-chain of hcab). the vhh harbors remarkable amino acid substitutions in the framework region-2 (fr-2) to generate an antigen-binding domain that functions in absence of a light chain partner. the substitutions provide a more hydrophilic, hence more soluble, character to the vhh but decrease the intrinsic stability of the domain. here we invest ... | 2011 | 22128183 |
| comparison of diagnostic tests for the detection of brucella spp. in camel sera. | abstract: background: brucellosis in livestock causes enormous losses for economies of developing countries and poses a severe health risk to consumers of dairy products. little information is known especially on camel brucellosis and its impact on human health. for surveillance and control of the disease, sensitive and reliable detection methods are needed. although serological tests are the mainstay of diagnosis in camel brucellosis, these tests have been directly transposed from cattle witho ... | 2011 | 22145943 |
| Potent neutralization of influenza a virus by a single-domain antibody blocking m2 ion channel protein. | Influenza A virus poses serious health threat to humans. Neutralizing antibodies against the highly conserved M2 ion channel is thought to offer broad protection against influenza A viruses. Here, we screened synthetic Camel single-domain antibody (VHH) libraries against native M2 ion channel protein. One of the isolated VHHs, M2-7A, specifically bound to M2-expressed cell membrane as well as influenza A virion, inhibited replication of both amantadine-sensitive and resistant influenza A viruses ... | 2011 | 22164266 |
| molecular identification of animal isolates of echinococcus granulosus from iran using four mitochondrial genes. | mitochondrial genes have more power than nuclear genes in reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among closely related species because of their faster sequence evolution. the aim of this study was to use the complete or near-complete sequences from three mitochondrial genes (cox1, nad1 and atp6) and partial sequences of the 12s rrna gene to infer relationships among isolates of echinococcus granulosus from iran. two hundred and twenty-nine isolates of e. granulosus were collected from cattle, ... | 2011 | 22166311 |
| histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the lymph nodes of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | prescapular, femoral, mesenteric, mediastinal and splenic lymph nodes from nine camels of one to 12 years of age were studied. there were no obvious structural differences between these different lymph nodes or between the ages. the lymph nodes were surrounded by a capsule formed of two layers, an outer thicker layer of connective tissue and an inner thinner layer mainly of smooth muscles. trabeculae extended from the inner layer of the capsule dividing the parenchyma characteristically into inc ... | 2011 | 22169326 |
| Morphometric differentiation between camel and sheep strains of Echinococcus granulosus using computer image analysis system (CIAS). | To find importance of morphometric criterion of larval rostellar hook of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and the easy and reliable method for distinguish sheep and camel strains in epidemiologic studies. | 2012 | 22182645 |
| quest for the piroplasms in camels: identification of theileria equi and babesia caballi in jordanian dromedaries by pcr. | dna of two species of piroplasmids was detected in dromedaries during a survey of blood protozoans in jordan between 2007 and 2009. ten clinically healthy camels (10%) originating from three jordanian districts were found, using a pcr assay, to harbor theileria or babesia species in their blood and no mix infection was determined. analysis of the partial 18s rrna gene sequences of these parasites allowed their unambiguous identification as equine piroplasmids babesia caballi (n=6) and theileria ... | 2011 | 22186193 |
| camel bite injuries in united arab emirates: a 6 year prospective study. | purpose: to prospectively study the incidence, mechanism, distribution of injury, and outcome of patients admitted to al-ain hospital with camel bite injuries in al-ain, united arab emirates. methodology: all patients admitted to al-ain hospital with a camel bite were prospectively studied during the period of october 2001-october 2007. patient's demography, mechanism of injury including behaviour of the camel, distribution and severity of injury, and outcome were studied. results: 33 patients w ... | 2011 | 22186231 |
| new records of nematomorph parasites (nematomorpha: gordiida) of ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) and camel crickets (orthoptera: rhaphidophoridae) in washington state. | abstract from 1998 to 2003, beetles and crickets infected with hairworms were collected from 4 localities within the hanford nuclear site and the hanford reach national monument, located in a shrub-steppe region of washington state along the columbia river. infected hosts comprised 6 species of carabid beetles within 5 genera and 2 camel crickets within 1 genus; all are newly documented insect-nematomorph associations. a large proportion of the infected hosts (48%) were collected from a sing ... | 2011 | 22188313 |
| Bush Animal Attacks: Management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting. | ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical ... | 2011 | 22189007 |
| Nanobody-coupled microbubbles as novel molecular tracer. | Camelid-derived single-domain antibody-fragments (~15kDa), called nanobodies, are a new class of molecular tracers that are routinely identified with nanomolar affinity for their target and that are easily tailored for molecular imaging and drug delivery applications. We hypothesized that they are well-suited for the design of targeted microbubbles (µBs) and aimed to develop and characterize eGFP- and VCAM-1-targeted µBs. Anti-eGFP (cAbGFP4) and anti-VCAM-1 (cAbVCAM1-5) nanobodies were site-spec ... | 2011 | 22197777 |
| home and other nontraffic injuries among children and youth in a high-income middle eastern country: a trauma registry study. | a trauma registry in the united arab emirates was used to ascertain nontraffic injuries of 0- to 19-year-olds. the registry's value for prevention was assessed. a total of 292 children and youth with nontraffic injuries were admitted for >24 hours at surgical wards of the main trauma hospital in al ain region during 36 months in 2003-2006. injuries were analyzed by external cause, location, body part, and severity. nontraffic represented 60% (n = 292) of child and youth injuries. incidence/100 0 ... | 2011 | 22199149 |
| development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of eimeria macusaniensis in camel id feces. | objective-to test the ability of a nested pcr assay to detect eimeria macusaniensis at various stages of infection in alpacas. animals-4 healthy adult alpacas with no detectable e macusaniensis. procedures-alpacas were inoculated with 2 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts. serial fecal samples collected during the next 38 days were tested via sucrose flotation and pcr assay. results-oocyst passage was detected via fecal flotation in all 4 alpacas 31 to 35 days after inoculation. three had positive ... | 2012 | 22204283 |
| generation and characterization of a functional nanobody against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2; angiogenesis cell receptor. | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (vegfr2) is an important tumor-associated receptor and blockade of the vegf receptor signaling can lead to the inhibition of neovascularization and tumor metastasis. nanobodies are the smallest intact antigen binding fragments derived from heavy chain-only antibodies occurring in camelids. here, we describe the identification of a vegfr2-specific nanobody, named 3vgr19, from dromedaries immunized with a cell line expressing high levels of vegfr2. we ... | 2011 | 22208996 |
| Transabdominal ultrasonographic appearance of the gastrointestinal viscera of healthy camels (Camelus dromedaries). | The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic picture of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius). For this purpose, 22 camels were examined. The rumen and its glandular sacs were filling most of the left side of the abdomen. The rumen wall was smooth and echogenic. The ventral part of the reticulum could be best imaged in 17 (77%) camels from the left and right paramedian region just behind to the sternal pad. The reticulum in these animals had a thick ... | 2011 | 22209082 |
| emerging viral diseases in dromedary camels in the southern morocco* | during the last fifteen years, new viral diseases such bluetongue (bt), west nile (wn), african horse sickness (ahs), epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) have extended their geographic distribution and emerged in north africa and in europe. camel (camelus dromedarius) is considered as a potential vector in the transmission of some of these diseases while it is host-specific for camelpox (cp). a serological survey was conducted on 1392 sera to estimate changes ... | 2012 | 22222004 |
| a novel strategy for development of recombinant antitoxin therapeutics tested in a mouse botulism model. | antitoxins are needed that can be produced economically with improved safety and shelf life compared to conventional antisera-based therapeutics. here we report a practical strategy for development of simple antitoxin therapeutics with substantial advantages over currently available treatments. the therapeutic strategy employs a single recombinant 'targeting agent' that binds a toxin at two unique sites and a 'clearing ab' that binds two epitopes present on each targeting agent. co-administratio ... | 2012 | 22238680 |
| histological and immunohistochemical studies on the epididymal duct in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | this study was conducted to underscore the spatial distribution of some biologically active proteins within the epididymal duct in the dromedary camel. paraffin-embedded sections from different regions of epididymis were stained by conventional histological techniques and by immunohistochemistry. a battery of primary antibodies against six proteins (s100, alpha smooth muscle actin [α-sma], connexin-43 [cx43], galactosyltransferase [galtase], angiotensin converting enzyme [ace], and vascular endo ... | 2011 | 22254157 |
| increased pouch sizes and resulting changes in the amounts of nicotine and tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines in single pouches of camel snus and marlboro snus. | introduction: initial analyses of the novel smokeless tobacco products camel snus and marlboro snus demonstrated that these products contain relatively low amounts of nicotine and the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines n'-nitrosonornicotine (nnn) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk), as compared with traditional smokeless products. it is unknown whether the modifications in packaging, flavors, and pouch sizes that occurred for both camel snus and marlboro snus since t ... | 2012 | 22259150 |
| single domain antibodies: a new concept for epidermal growth factor receptor and egfrviii targeting. | epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is one of the major molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. egfr and egfrviii, mutated form of egfr, have been identified as participating in pathogenesis of some forms of human cancers. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting egfr/egfrviii have been shown to suppress the signal transduction pathways controlling tumor cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. until now, different types of mabs or antibody fragments against egfr family have been ... | 2012 | 22277093 |
| oxidative stress and trace elements in camel (camelus dromedarius) with liver cystic echinococcosis. | status of certain oxidative stress indices and zinc, copper and iron concentrations in blood were estimated in camel with liver cystic echinococcosis. in comparison to healthy control, the index of serum lipid peroxidation assessed by the malondialdehyde (mda) level was significantly higher in the parasitized group. however, mean serum total antioxidant status (tas) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (gpx) were significantly lower in the parasitized group. serum zinc concentration in camels ... | 2012 | 22293149 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and predicted structure of a putative copper-zinc sod from the camel, camelus dromedarius. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is the first line of defense against oxidative stress induced by endogenous and/or exogenous factors and thus helps in maintaining the cellular integrity. its activity is related to many diseases; so, it is of importance to study the structure and expression of sod gene in an animal naturally exposed most of its life to the direct sunlight as a cause of oxidative stress. arabian camel (one humped camel, camelus dromedarius) is adapted to the widely varying desert clima ... | 2012 | 22312292 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium-like infection in one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) of northwestern iran. | cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous enteropathogen protozoan infection affecting livestock worldwide. the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection in different age groups of dromedary camels in northwestern iran from november 2009 to july 2010. a total number of 170 fecal samples were collected and examined using modified ziehl-neelsen (mzn) staining under light microscope. examination of stained fecal smears revealed that 17 camels (10%) were positive f ... | 2012 | 22314242 |
| epidemiological studies on echinococcosis and characterization of human and livestock hydatid cysts in mauritania. | echinococcosis/hydatidosis is considered endemic in mauritania. the aim of this study is to present an epidemiological study on the echinococcosis in man and animals in the nouakchott region. | 2011 | 22347274 |
| ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (camelus dromedarius): the role of chlamydophila abortus and a trial for medical treatment. | the occurrence of chlamydophila abortus in female camels affected with ovarian hydrobursitis and a trial for medical treatment were studied. a total of 111 cases were included in two experiments. in experiment 1, sera from 51 affected cases were tested for c. abortus antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in experiment 2, 60 female camels affected with bilateral ovarian hydrobursitis were divided into treated and control groups (n = 30 each). based on the bursal diameter, fema ... | 2012 | 22365697 |
| molecular imprint of enzyme active site by camel nanobodies: rapid and efficient approach to produce abzymes with alliinase activity. | screening of inhibitory ab1 antibodies is a critical step for producing catalytic antibodies in the anti-idiotypic approach. however, the incompatible surface of the active site of the enzyme and the antigen-binding site of heterotetrameric conventional antibodies become the limiting step. because camelid-derived nanobodies possess the potential to preferentially bind to the active site of enzymes due to their small size and long cdr3, we have developed a novel approach to produce antibodies wit ... | 2012 | 22374998 |
| mandibular fracture in single-humped camels. | to report the causes and classification of mandibular fractures in dromedary camels and outcome after treatment. | 2011 | 22380676 |
| cross-sectional study on prevalence of trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic ruminants in an endemic area of the canary islands (spain). | trypanosoma evansi is the most widely spread of the pathogenic african trypanosomes of animals. the disease (surra) was first diagnosed in the canary islands in a dromedary camel in 1997; thus, a control plan was implemented achieving the eventual eradication of t. evansi from most of the infected areas in the archipelago. however, a little area remains still infected despite the use of the same control measures. to evaluate possible reservoirs in the area a representative sample of domestic rum ... | 2012 | 22386739 |
| ricin detection using phage displayed single domain antibodies. | phage-displayed single domain antibodies (sdab) were compared to monomeric solubly expressed sdab and llama polyclonal antibodies for the detection of ricin. sdab are comprised of the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (hcab). although hcab lack variable light chains, they as well as their derivative sdab are able to bind antigens with high affinity. the small size of sdab (∼16 kda), while advantageous in many respects, limits the number of labels that can be incorp ... | 2009 | 22389616 |
| genome-wide analysis of the emerging infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the arabian camels (camelus dromedarius). | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ap) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis or johne's disease (jd) in herbivores with potential involvement in cases of crohn's disease in humans. jd is spread worldwide and is economically important for both beef and dairy industries. generally, pathogenic ovine strains (m. ap-s) are mainly found in sheep while bovine strains (m. ap-c) infect other ruminants (e.g. cattle, goat, deer), as well as sheep. in an effort to characterize this eme ... | 2012 | 22393374 |
| dental health in northern chile's atacama oases: evaluating the middle horizon (ad 500-1000) impact on local diet. | as one of the few areas apt for horticulture in northern chile's arid landscape, the prehistory of the atacama oases is deeply enmeshed with that of the inter-regional networks that promoted societal development in the south central andes. during the middle horizon (ad 500-1000), local populations experienced a cultural apex associated with a substantial increase in inter-regional interaction, population density, and quantity and quality of mortuary assemblages. here, we test if this cultural pe ... | 2012 | 22411074 |
| epidural ketamine in the dromedary camel. | to evaluate the clinical and physiological effects of epidural injection of ketamine in camels. | 2012 | 22420374 |
| reflections: neurology and the humanities. the girl with the dromedary gait. | 2012 | 22435115 | |
| arthroscopy of the fetlock joint of the dromedary camel. | to describe a technique for arthroscopy of the fetlock joint of the dromedary camel, and the problems that could occur during and after arthroscopy. | 2012 | 22450956 |
| arthroscopic approach and intraarticular anatomy of the stifle in south american camelids. | to describe a cranial arthroscopic approach to the stifle of south american camelids and to report our clinical experience with camelid stifle arthroscopy. | 2012 | 22463108 |
| effect of feeding different proportions of groundnut haulms (arachis hypogaea) and cluster bean straw (cyamopsis tetragonoloba) on nutrient utilisation and serum biochemical parameters in dromedary camels. | the effect of feeding different proportions of groundnut haulms (arachis hypogaea) and cluster bean straw (cyamopsis tetragonoloba) on nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, nutrient intake and serum biochemical parameters was studied using nine male dromedary camels of bikaneri breeds (637.5 kg average body weight; 8-9 years of age). groundnut haulms (gnh) and cluster bean straw (cbs) were fed in one of three ratios, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 in treatments t(1), t(2) and t(3), respectively. in a ... | 2012 | 22476733 |
| retraction notice to "detection and genotyping of gb virus-c in dromedary camels in the united arab emirates" [vet. microbiol. 147 (2011) 226-230]. | 2012 | 22489308 | |
| structural basis of heparin binding to camel peptidoglycan recognition protein-s. | short peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp-s) is a member of the innate immunity system in mammals. pgrp-s from camelus dromedarius (cpgrp-s) is found to be highly potent against bacterial infections. it is capable of binding to a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) including lipopolysaccharide (lps), lipoteichoic acid (lta) and peptidoglycan (pgn). the heparin-like polysaccharides have also been observed in some bacteria such as the capsule of k5 escherichia coli thu ... | 2012 | 22509483 |
| translational fusion and redirection to thylakoid lumen as strategies to improve the accumulation of a camelid antibody fragment in transplastomic tobacco. | fragments from camelid single-chain antibodies known as vhhs or nanobodies represent a valuable tool in diagnostics, investigation and passive immunity therapy. here, we explored different strategies to improve the accumulation of a neutralizing vhh antibody against rotavirus in tobacco transplastomic plants. first, we attempted to express the vhh in the chloroplast stroma and then two alternative strategies were carried out to improve the expression levels: expression as a translational fusion ... | 2012 | 22526499 |
| molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression in escherichia coli of camelus dromedarius glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna. | this study determined the full length sequence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna (g6pd) from the arabian camel camelus dromedarius using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. the c. dromedarius g6pd has an open reading frame of 1545 bp, and the cdna encodes a protein of 515 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 59.0 kda. the amino acid sequence showed the highest identity with equus caballus (92%) and homo sapiens (92%). the g6pd cdna was cloned and expressed into esc ... | 2012 | 22538316 |
| eimeria infection in camels (camelus dromedarius) in yazd province, central iran. | this study was carried out during the winter of 2008 to the summer 2010 to determine the rate of infection of eimeria spp. in dromedary camels in yazd province, iran at that period. a total of 305 faecal samples were taken per recta from live and slaughtered, apparently healthy camels 9 months to 23 years old. using saturated zinc sulfate solution floatation technique, samples were prepared and investigated microscopically to detect eimeria spp. oocysts. results revealed that the overall frequen ... | 2012 | 22543606 |
| computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of the temporomandibular joint in two normal camels. | computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance (mr) image features of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) and associated structures in two mature dromedary camels were obtained with a third-generation equipment ct and a superconducting magnet rm at 1.5 tesla. images were acquired in sagittal and transverse planes. medical imaging processing with imaging software was applied to obtain postprocessing ct and mr images. relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled. the resulting images p ... | 2012 | 22567308 |
| recombinant iga production: single step affinity purification using camelid ligands and product characterization. | immunoglobulins of isotype a (iga) mediate a key role in mucosal immunity and are promising new immunotherapeutic candidates, but difficulties in obtaining enough material often hamper their in vivo exploration. we established recombinant chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells which stably expressed two iga1 antibodies under serum-free conditions. the two cell lines achieved significantly different specific productivities of 16 pg per cell and day and 100 times less, a common phenomenon in recombinan ... | 2012 | 22570865 |
| studies on dentition and oral disorders of camels in maiduguri abattoir, borno state, nigeria. | camelus dromedarius dental disorders were surveyed using abattoir samples from maiduguri, nigeria. a total of 313 heads, were randomly examined. the age and sex of the heads were estimated using standard methods and disorders were observed following the split of the oral commissure. heads with multiple disorders were counted once and of 313 heads, 114 (41.67 %) and 199 (58.33 %) were males and females, respectively. heads aged <5 years was 18.21 %; 5-10 years, 44.41 %; and >15 years was 37.38 %. ... | 2012 | 22573007 |
| a synthetic protein g adsorbent based on the multi-component ugi reaction for the purification of mammalian immunoglobulins. | numerous efforts have been devoted to develop synthetic affinity ligands mimicking natural immunoglobulin-binding proteins, such as proteins a and l, in order to overcome intrinsic drawbacks involving their high cost and acidic ph elution. however, few reports have focused on a protein g mimic. this work describes the use of the solid phase multi-component ugi reaction to generate a low cost, rationally designed, affinity ligand to mimic protein g for the purification of mammalian immunoglobulin ... | 2012 | 22575289 |
| responses to dehydration in the one-humped camel and effects of blocking the renin-angiotensin system. | our objectives were to compare the levels of circulating electrolytes, hormones, and renal function during 20 days of dehydration in camels versus the level in non-dehydrated camels and to record the effect of blocking angiotensin ii at1 receptors with losartan during dehydration. dehydration induced significant increments in serum sodium, creatinine, urea, a substantial fall in body weight, and a doubling in plasma arginine vasopressin (avp) levels. plasma aldosterone, however, was unaltered co ... | 2012 | 22624009 |
| adaptive functional specialisation of architectural design and fibre type characteristics in agonist shoulder flexor muscles of the llama, lama glama. | like other camelids, llamas (lama glama) have the natural ability to pace (moving ipsilateral limbs in near synchronicity). but unlike the old world camelids (bactrian and dromedary camels), they are well adapted for pacing at slower or moderate speeds in high-altitude habitats, having been described as good climbers and used as pack animals for centuries. in order to gain insight into skeletal muscle design and to ascertain its relationship with the llama's characteristic locomotor behaviour, t ... | 2012 | 22625659 |