Publications

chimeric dengue type 2 (vaccine strain pdk-53)/dengue type 1 virus as a potential candidate dengue type 1 virus vaccine.	we constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (den-2/den-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of den-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of den-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain pdk-13. we previously reported that attenuation markers of den-2 pdk-53 virus were encoded by genetic loci located outside the structural gene region of the pdk-53 virus genome. chi ...	2000	10708416
evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses.	endemic/epidemic dengue viruses (den) that are transmitted among humans by the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are hypothesized to have evolved from sylvatic den strains that are transmitted among nonhuman primates in west africa and malaysia by other aedes mosquitoes. we tested this hypothesis with phylogenetic studies using envelope protein gene sequences of both endemic/epidemic and sylvatic strains. the basal position of sylvatic lineages of den-1, -2, and -4 suggested th ...	2000	10708439
efficacy of aqueous suspension and granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (vectobac) against mosquito vectors.	the efficacy of aqueous suspension (as) and granular (g) formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac) was tested against the immatures of mosquito vectors in the laboratory and under field conditions. laboratory tests showed that the aqueous suspension was relatively more effective against culex quinquefasciatus than aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, the respective lc(50) values being 0.046, 0.060 and 0.190 mg/l. in stream pools, with the application of vectobac as at 1 ...	2000	10708664
expression of the early-late gene encoding the nuclear receptor hr3 suggests its involvement in regulating the vitellogenic response to ecdysone in the adult mosquito.	the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), is a key factor controlling critical developmental events of embryogenesis, larval molting, metamorphosis, and, in some insects, reproduction. we are interested in understanding the molecular basis of the steroid hormone ecdysone action in insect egg development. the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, in addition to being an important vector of human diseases, represents an outstanding model for studying molecular mechanisms underlying egg ...	2000	10715536
aedes aegypti in ho chi minh city (viet nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation.	aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue viruses, responsible for a viral infection that has become a major public health concern in asia. in viet nam, dengue haemorrhagic fever was first detected in the 1960s and is now a leading cause of death in childhood. we studied the variability in competence of ae. aegypti as a vector for dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation in this mosquito species. twenty mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho chi minh city were subjected to oral infecti ...	1999	10717737
cytokine gene expression in innately susceptible balb/c mice and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice during infection with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei.	production of cytokines including gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is an important early-stage host response following infection with intracellular pathogens. development of immunity to these pathogens is determined to a large extent by the timing and relative level of expression of the cytokines. numerous studies have shown that early cytokine responses involving interleukin-12 (il-12) and ifn-gamma are important for resistance to intracellular pathogens, ...	2000	10722599
antifungal and larvicidal cordiaquinones from the roots of cordia curassavica.	in addition to the known cordiaquinones a and b, two novel meroterpenoid naphthoquinones, named cordiaquinones j and k, have been isolated from the roots of cordia curassavica. their structures were elucidated by spectrometric methods including ei, d/ci mass spectrometry, 1h, 13c and 2d-nmr experiments. the four naphthoquinones demonstrated antifungal activities against cladosporium cucumerinum, candida albicans and toxic properties against larvae of the yellow fever-transmitting mosquito aedes ...	2000	10724189
the other dr finlay is commemorated in cuban stamps.		0	10731200
[spatial analysis of aedes aegypti larval distribution in the ilha do governador neighborhood of rio de janeiro, brazil].	this study aims to help expand knowledge on aedes aegypti in rio de janeiro, based on spatial analysis of the mosquito's breeding sites in the neighborhood of ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, from june 1992 to july 1994. use of spatial analysis techniques is proposed for vector surveillance and control. information obtained from the number of dwellings per block that were used for the analysis. a smoothing method, a gaussian kernel, was used in the spatial distribution analysis. breaks in nat ...	2000	10738148
central role of the apical membrane h+-atpase in electrogenesis and epithelial transport in malpighian tubules.	the effects of bafilomycin a(1), a blocker of v-type h(+)-atpases, were investigated in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. bafilomycin a(1) reduced rates of transepithelial fluid secretion and the virtual short-circuit current (vi(sc)) with an ic(50) of approximately 5 micromol l(-)(1). as vi(sc) decreased, the electrical resistance increased across the whole epithelium and across the apical membrane, indicating effects on electroconductive pathways. bafilomycin a(1) had no effect when applied ...	2000	10751161
a single deletion in the membrane-proximal region of the sindbis virus glycoprotein e2 endodomain blocks virus assembly.	the envelopment of the sindbis virus nucleocapsid in the modified cell plasma membrane involves a highly specific interaction between the capsid (c) protein and the endodomain of the e2 glycoprotein. we have previously identified a domain of the sindbis virus c protein involved in binding to the e2 endodomain (h. lee and d. t. brown, virology 202:390-400, 1994). the c-e2 binding domain resides in a hydrophobic cleft with c y180 and w247 on opposing sides of the cleft. structural modeling studies ...	2000	10756035
the use of chimeric venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses as an approach for the molecular identification of natural virulence determinants.	venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus antigenic subtypes and varieties are considered either epidemic/epizootic or enzootic. in addition to epidemiological differences between the epidemic and enzootic viruses, several in vitro and in vivo laboratory markers distinguishing the viruses have been identified, including differential plaque size, sensitivity to interferon (ifn), and virulence for guinea pigs. these observations have been shown to be useful predictors of natural, equine virulence ...	2000	10756040
antifungal and larvicidal compounds from the root bark of cordia alliodora.	two new natural products, a phenylpropanoid derivative characterized as 1-(3'-methoxypropanoyl)-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (1) and a prenylated hydroquinone, 2-(2z)-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2, 6-dienyl)-1,4-benzenediol (2), have been isolated from the root bark of cordia alliodora. both compounds exhibited antifungal properties against the phytopathogenic mold cladosporium cucumerinum. the phenylpropanoid derivative (1), whose structure is closely related to beta-asarone, also demonstrated a mar ...	2000	10757739
effects of temperature and larval diet on development rates and survival of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in north queensland, australia.	immature development times, survival rates and adult size (wing-lengths) of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) were studied in the laboratory at temperatures of 10-40 degrees c. the duration of development from egg eclosion (hatching of the first instar) to adult was inversely related to temperature, ranging from 7.2 +/- 0.2 days at 35 degrees c to 39.7 +/- 2.3 days at 15 degrees c. the minimum temperature threshold for development (t) was determined as 8.3 +/- 3.6 degrees c an ...	2000	10759309
the use of direct sequencing of dengue virus cdna from individual field-collected aedes aegypti for surveillance and epidemiological studies.	the relative efficiencies of four methods to extract viral rna from individual dengue-2 virus (d-2v)-infected mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), were compared. the most efficient of these methods was then used to extract viral rna for the preparation of cdna from the abdomens of six engorged d-2v-infected mosquitoes and sera from three dengue fever (df) patients collected in an isolated rural town in colombia. comparisons of viral envelope (e) gene sequences from each of these ...	2000	10759317
national progress in dengue vector control in vietnam: survey for mesocyclops (copepoda), micronecta (corixidae), and fish as biological control agents.	this paper describes the process of expanding a successful dengue control program in 3 provinces in northern vietnam into a national one and demonstrates the presence of a rich, low-cost resource that could have similar applicability to other countries in the region. the cornerstone of the preventive strategy is larval control of aedes aegypti (l.), the major vector, using predators such as copepods, mesocyclops spp., aided by the corixid bug micronecta quadristrigata bredd, and fish in large wa ...	2000	10761718
transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts.	the expense and ineffectiveness of drift-based insecticide aerosols to control dengue epidemics has led to suppression strategies based on eliminating larval breeding sites. with the notable but short-lived exceptions of cuba and singapore, these source reduction efforts have met with little documented success; failure has chiefly been attributed to inadequate participation of the communities involved. the present work attempts to estimate transmission thresholds for dengue based on an easily-de ...	2000	10761719
vertical transmission of the yellow fever virus by aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae): dynamics of infection in f1 adult progeny of orally infected females.	vertical transmission of yellow fever virus from orally infected females to their progeny was experimentally demonstrated in 2 aedes aegypti colonies from the dakar and koungheul regions in senegal. a total of 10,530 f1 adult mosquito progeny were tested. the overall vertical transmission rate was 0.97%, with no significant difference between the dakar and koungheul colonies. the infection rates were significantly higher in females (1.15%) than in males (0.74%) in both colonies. the virus was no ...	2000	10761742
chemical and gamma-ray mutagenesis of the white gene in aedes aegypti.	a molecular understanding of an insect gene can be facilitated by analysing the phenotypes of mutants for that gene. protocols were developed for both chemical and gamma-ray mutagenesis in aedes aegypti using the white (w) gene as an assay. wild-type adult males were subjected to varying doses of either ethyl methanesulphonate (0. 1%, 0.5% or 1%) or gamma rays (1500 r or 3000 r), mated to females homozygous for the recessive w mutation, and progeny screened for the w phenotype, indicating non-co ...	2000	10762419
a tubular network associated with the brush-border surface of the aedes aegypti midgut: implications for pathogen transmission by mosquitoes.	the mosquito aedes aegypti is capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens to man and to other vertebrates. the midgut of this insect has been well-studied both as the tissue where the first contact occurs between ingested pathogens and the insect host, and as a model system for blood meal digestion in blood-sucking insects. to understand better the nature of the midgut surface encountered by parasites or viruses, we used scanning electron microscopy to identify the most prominent structures a ...	2000	10769222
a new densovirus isolated from the mosquito culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).	we have isolated from a laboratory strain of culex pipiens in which abnormal larval mortality occurred a small icosahedral nonenveloped dna virus sharing the main biological and biophysical properties of densoviruses (dnvs). unlike dnvs isolated previously from aedes species, i.e. the aaednv and the aaldnv (afanasiev, b.n., galyov, e. e., buchatsky, l.p., kozlov, y.v., 1991. nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of aedes densonucleosis virus. virology 185, 323-336; boublik, y., jousset, f ...	2000	10773314
larvicidal, adulticidal and repellent effects of kaempferia galanga.	four fractions of kaempferia galanga (hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction 1, dichloromethane fraction 2 and methanolic fraction) were tested for larvicidal activity toward fourth instar culex quinquefasciatus. the hexane fraction was found to exhibit the highest larvicidal effect with the lc50 of 42.33 ppm. testing for adulticidal activity, the hexane fraction did not show any promising adulticidal effect. however, it caused a knockdown effect which might be useful as a repellent. it was t ...	1999	10774653
characterization of three microsatellite loci for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and their use for population genetic study.		1999	10774655
activation and germination of spores of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis by alkaline ph and larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid.	alkaline activation of the spores of crystalliferous (cry+) and acrystalliferous (cry-) strains of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis; wild type b. cereus and its transcipient crystalliferous derivatives and wild type b. subtilis was studied. also the effect of larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid on the activation of spores of these strains was studied. only the spores of the crystal forming strains were found to be activated by 0.1 m k2co3 (ph 10) and by the larval gut fluid. the process of al ...	1999	10774706
tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (tylcv-is) is transmitted among whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) in a sex-related manner.	tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is the name given to a complex of geminiviruses infecting tomato cultures worldwide. tylcv is transmitted by a single insect species, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. herein we show that a tylcv isolate from israel (tylcv-is) can be transmitted among whiteflies in a sex-dependent manner, in the absence of any other source of virus. tylcv was transmitted from viruliferous males to females and from viruliferous females to males but not among insects of the same se ...	2000	10775612
effect of entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana on larvae of three species of mosquitoes.	beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, was evaluated for its potential against second and third instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. conidiospores of this fungus were effective in causing infection leading to mortality of different larval instars. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus were more susceptible to infection than an. stephensi and the second instar larvae of these two species were more susceptible than third instar larvae. larvae of ae. aeg ...	1999	10783749
a juvenile hormone-repressible transferrin-like protein from the bean bug, riptortus clavatus: cdna sequence analysis and protein identification during diapause and vitellogenesis.	we found several juvenile hormone-responsive cdnas in the bean bug, riptortus clavatus, by using mrna differential display (hirai et al., 1998). one of them, a juvenile hormone-repressible cdna, jr-3, was cloned, sequenced, characterized and identified as a transferrin (rctf). rctf cdna encoded 652 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 71,453 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology with the transferin genes of several insects, manduca sexta (43% identity), bla ...	2000	10790182
[characterization of entomopathogenic bacillus samples isolated in senegal and study of their toxicity for malaria vectors].	a screening program developed in senegal to isolate new strains of entomopathogenic bacillus has led to the isolation of 194 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and 9 strains of bacillus sphaericus from various sites and insect samples. the characterization of these strains regarding their h serotype, their crystal composition and their toxicity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) has led to the isolation of 27 mosquitocidal strains. as malaria is an important ...	1998	10797955
promoter sequences of the putative anopheles gambiae apyrase confer salivary gland expression in drosophila melanogaster.	the saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains an apyrase that facilitates hematophagy by inhibiting the adp-induced aggregation of the host platelets. we report here the isolation of a salivary gland-specific cdna encoding a secreted protein that likely represents the anopheles gambiae apyrase. we describe also two additional members of the apyrase/5'-nucleotidase family. the cdna corresponding to the agapyl1 gene encodes a secreted protein that is closely related in sequence to the apyrase of ...	2000	10801886
molecular determinants of differential ligand sensitivities of insect ecdysteroid receptors.	the functional receptor for insect ecdysteroid hormones is a heterodimer consisting of two nuclear hormone receptors, ecdysteroid receptor (ecr) and the retinoid x receptor homologue ultraspiracle (usp). although ecdysone is commonly thought to be a hormone precursor and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), the physiologically active steroid, little is known about the relative activity of ecdysteroids in various arthropods. as a step toward characterization of potential differential ligand recognition, we ...	0	10805730
evaluation of cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin for their insecticidal activity against three vector mosquitoes.	the ec50/ec90 concentrations of cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin were tested for their activity against different developmental stages of three important vector mosquitoes viz., anopheles stephensi liston, aedes aegypti (linn.) and culex quinquefasciatus say. the ec90 concentrations of both cyfluthrin and fenfluthrin showed ovicidal effect on an. stephensi and ae. aegypti whereas ec90 of cyfluthrin checked the hatching of eggs completely in cx. quinquefasciatus. fenfluthrin at ec50 concentration reduc ...	1999	10810595
bioactivity of ethanol extract of karanja (pongamia glabra vent) seed coat against mosquitoes.	laboratory evaluation revealed that the treatment of larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus with ethanol extract of karanja seed coat (alksc) significantly increased the larval mortality and developmental period proportianately with increase in the extract concentrations. aedes proved more sensitive to the effect of extract in terms of mortality than culex. at a high concentration (8 ppm), 100% aedes larvae died in the first instar within two days whereas, 16 pmm was required for ach ...	1999	10810597
genetic isolation by distance among aedes aegypti populations along the northeastern coast of mexico.	a population genetic analysis of gene flow was conducted among 10 aedes aegypti collections from seven cities along the northeastern coast of mexico. four collections were made from monterrey to examine local patterns of gene flow. markers included 60 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) loci amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of variation in a 387-basepair region of the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 from the mitochondrial dna (mtdna ...	2000	10813474
aedes aegypti in tahiti and moorea (french polynesia): isoenzyme differentiation in the mosquito population according to human population density.	genetic differences at five polymorphic isoenzyme loci were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis for 28 aedes aegypti samples. considerable (i.e., high fst values) and significant (i.e., p values >10(-4)) geographic differences were found. differences in ae. aegypti genetic structure were related to human population densities and to particularities in mosquito ecotopes in both tahiti and moorea islands. in highly urbanized areas (i.e., the papeete agglomeration), mosquitoes were highly structu ...	2000	10813476
polyamines, and effects from reducing their synthesis during egg development in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	development of eggs after a blood meal in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti involves hormonal changes, synthesis of nucleic acids, activation of the digestive enzyme trypsin, and production of the yolk protein vitellogenin. polyamines have been implicated in growth processes and were here examined for possible involvement during egg development. the data suggest that polyamines are important for normal vitellogenesis in the mosquito. polyamine levels and activities of ornithine decarboxyla ...	2000	10817834
recombinant chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus is immunogenic and protective in nonhuman primates.	a chimeric yellow fever (yf)-dengue type 2 (dengue-2) virus (chimerivax-d2) was constructed using a recombinant cdna infectious clone of a yf vaccine strain (yf 17d) as a backbone into which we inserted the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of dengue-2 virus (strain puo-218 from a case of dengue fever in bangkok, thailand). the chimeric virus was recovered from the supernatant of vero cells transfected with rna transcripts and amplified once in these cells to yield a titer of 6.3 log(10) ...	2000	10823852
bacillus thuringiensis soil populations naturally occurring in the ryukyus, a subtropic region of japan.	of 809 soil samples collected from the seven islands of the ryukyus, japan, 107 samples (13.2%) contained bacillus thuringiensis. the frequency of b. thuringiensis among the b. cereus group was 1.1% (235/21842) on the average. the b. thuringiensis soil populations of the ryukyus consisted of more than 22 h serogroups. the predominant h serotype was the h5ac/21 (serovar canadensis/colmeri), followed by the h3ad (serovar sumiyoshiensis) and h16 (serovar indiana). geographically, most widely distri ...	2000	10830895
cockroach diuretic hormones: characterization of a calcitonin-like peptide in insects.	insect diuretic hormones are crucial for control of water balance. we isolated from the cockroach diploptera punctata two diuretic hormones (dh), dippu-dh(31) and dippu-dh(46), which increase camp production and fluid secretion in malpighian tubules of several insect species. dippu-dh(31) and -dh(46) contain 31 and 46 amino acids, respectively. dippu-dh(46) belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like insect dh family, whereas dippu-dh(31) has little sequence similarity to the crf-li ...	0	10841553
anopheles gambiae pilot gene discovery project: identification of mosquito innate immunity genes from expressed sequence tags generated from immune-competent cell lines.	together with aids and tuberculosis, malaria is at the top of the list of devastating infectious diseases. however, molecular genetic studies of its major vector, anopheles gambiae, are still quite limited. we have conducted a pilot gene discovery project to accelerate progress in the molecular analysis of vector biology, with emphasis on the mosquito's antimalarial immune defense. a total of 5,925 expressed sequence tags were determined from normalized cdna libraries derived from immune-respons ...	2000	10841561
coelomomyces stegomyiae infection in adult female aedes aegypti following the first, second, and third host blood meals.		2000	10843837
permeability and disruption of the peritrophic matrix and caecal membrane from aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae.	in mosquito larvae, the peritrophic matrix (pm) separates the gut contents from the intestinal epithelium. this report describes a new in vivo assay for estimating pm permeability. the assay also allows for assessment of the permeability of the caecal membrane, a structure that separates each caecum from the gut lumen. permeability was estimated by the appearance of fluorescently-labeled dextrans (size range 4,400 to 2 million da) within the gastric caecae of mosquito larvae. while the intact pe ...	2000	10844150
insecticidal piperidine alkaloid from microcos paniculata stem bark.	the stem bark of microcos paniculata contained a new alkaloid, n-methyl-6 beta-(deca-1',3',5'-trienyl)-3 beta-methoxy-2 beta-methylpiperidine, which showed good insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti second instar larvae.	2000	10846743
structure and location of a ferritin gene of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti.	we have isolated and sequenced a genomic clone encoding the 24- and 26-kda ferritin subunits in the mosquito aedes aegypti (rockefeller strain). the a. aegypti gene differs from other known ferritin genes in that it possesses an additional intron and an unusually large second intron. the additional intron is located within the 5' untranslated region, between the cap site and the start codon. the second intron contains numerous putative transposable elements. in addition, unlike the human and rat ...	2000	10849008
the abundant larval transcript-1 and -2 genes of brugia malayi encode stage-specific candidate vaccine antigens for filariasis.	lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease caused by the mosquito-borne nematodes brugia and wuchereria. about 120 million people are infected and at risk of lymphatic pathology such as acute lymphangitis and elephantiasis. vaccines against filariasis must generate immunity to the infective mosquito-derived third-stage larva (l3) without accentuating immunopathogenic responses to lymphatic-dwelling adult parasites. we have identified two highly expressed genes, designated abundant larval t ...	2000	10858234
contribution of fatty acids to olfactory host finding of female aedes aegypti.	single carbon to 18 carbon n-aliphatic carboxylic acids were tested for their attractive effects on female aedes aegypti in a y-tube olfactometer. each acid was tested over a wide range of concentrations together with l-(+)-lactic acid, the indispensable synergist for other attractive components emitted from human hosts. the attractiveness of lactic acid was significantly augmented when combined with fatty acids of chain length c(1)-c(3), c(5)-c(8) and c(13)-c(18), respectively. the addition of ...	2000	10866990
purification and characterization of chorion peroxidase from aedes aegypti eggs.	previous study has shown that a peroxidase is present in the mature eggs of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and the enzyme is involved in the formation of a rigid and insoluble chorion by catalyzing chorion protein crosslinking through dityrosine formation. in this study, chorion peroxidase was solubilized from egg chorion by 1% sds and 2 m urea and purified by various chromatographic techniques. the enzyme has a relative molecular mass of 63,000 as estimated by sds-page. spectral analysis of the enzy ...	0	10871050
blood-feeding in mosquitoes: probing time and salivary gland anti-haemostatic activities in representatives of three genera (aedes, anopheles, culex).	mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) face their hosts' haemostatic mechanisms when attempting to feed on blood. accordingly, they antagonize haemostasis by salivary agents that include anti-clotting, anti-platelet and vasodilatory compounds. because haemostasis is a complex and redundant physiological response that varies between vertebrates, it is to be expected that haematophagous animals have a salivary armoury that most efficiently counteracts their preferred hosts. the mosquito culex quinquefasc ...	2000	10872858
determination of mosquito bloodmeal ph in situ by ion-selective microelectrode measurement: implications for the regulation of malarial gametogenesis.	malarial gametocytes circulate in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host as developmentally arrested intra-erythrocytic cells, which only resume development into gametes when ingested into the bloodmeal of the female mosquito vector. the ensuing development encompasses sexual reproduction and mediates parasite transmission to the insect. in vitro the induction of gametogenesis requires a drop in temperature and either a ph increase from physiological blood ph (ca ph 7.4) to about ph 8.0, or ...	2000	10874717
malaria parasite development in a drosophila model.	malaria is a devastating public health menace, killing over one million people every year and infecting about half a billion. here it is shown that the protozoan plasmodium gallinaceum, a close relative of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, can develop in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes injected into the fly developed into sporozoites infectious to the vertebrate host with similar kinetics as seen in the mosquito host aedes aegypti. in the f ...	2000	10875925
cloning and characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo gene encoding a novel class of the delta-endotoxin protein, cry27a, specifically active on the anopheles mosquito.	a novel gene encoding a 98-kda mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin protein, designated cry27a, was cloned from a bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo strain. the cry27a protein contained the five sequence blocks of amino acids commonly conserved in most b. thuringiensis cry proteins. relatively high homologies, ranging from 43.0% to 84.4%, existed between the cry27a protein and several established classes of mosquitocidal cry proteins (cry4a, cry10a, cry19a, cry19b, and cry20a) in the sequence of 51 n- ...	2000	10879975
[a dengue epidemic in ipupiara and prado, bahia. a seroepidemiologic survey].	serologic studies in brazil have indicated a 25% to 56% prevalence of dengue virus infections. however, these studies were carried out in populations of middle-sized and larger cities. the present study describes two epidemics of classic dengue fever in two small cities in the state of bahia. the first occurred in 1987, in ipupiara and was caused by dengue serotype-1 (den-1), the second occurred in 1995, in prado and was caused by dengue serotype-2 (den-2). the laboratory diagnosis was made by t ...	2000	10881120
first isolation of dengue 1 virus from aedes aegypti in federal district, brazil.	dengue is present in the federal district since 1991 and virological studies of the vector began in 1998. two strains of den1 were isolated from 9 pools of female aedes aegypti (78 mosq.), collected in april in gama county, where the breteau index was 5.4, and 32 autochtonous human cases were notified.	2000	10881127
aedes aegypti dopa decarboxylase: gene structure and regulation.	dopa decarboxylase converts l-dopa to dopamine, a precursor molecule for diverse biological activities in insects including neurotransmission and a variety of tanning reactions required for development, reproduction and defence against parasites. herein, we report the cloning and sequencing of the aedes aegypti ddc gene, including 2.1 kb of the upstream promoter region. the transcribed region of the gene spans more than 16 kb and contains five exons. in situ hybridization localizes the blood-mea ...	2000	10886406
mobility assays confirm the broad host-range activity of the minos transposable element and validate new transformation tools.	fast and reliable methods for assessing the mobility of the transposable element minos have been developed. these methods are based on the detection of excision and insertion of minos transposons from and into plasmids which are co-introduced into cells. excision is detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with appropriate primers. transposition is assayed by marker rescue in escherichia coli, using a transposon plasmid that carries a tetracycline resistance gene and a target plasmid carrying ...	2000	10886410
a novel member of the ring-finger gene family associated with reproductive tissues of the mosquito, aaedes aegypti.	the ring finger is a zinc-binding domain that is found in proteins from viruses, plants and animals. here we report the characterization and tissue-specific expression of a mosquito gonadal protein gene, mgp, from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. the putative gene product, mgp, contains two ring fingers, a b-box, and a hydrophobic core. these mosquito mgp structural motifs are highly conserved in proteins found in mouse and nematode. northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated the ...	2000	10886414
[ecologic indexes in the surveillance system of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cuba].	the ecological indexes called diversity (h') and equitability (j') of the mosquito species were determined in six of the most common reservoirs of the urban ecosystem in the plaza de la revolución municipality, city of havana. data analysis showed that according to the values of these indexes, the most dangerous reservoirs were tyres, larvitraps and artificial reservoirs in general. reference is also made on the use of larvitraps in the surveillance system of aedes aegypti and the detection and ...	1999	10887564
[levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of aedes aegypti of santiago de cuba].	as a result of the most recent dengue outbreak in santiago de cuba province, a strain of this vector was studied to determine the levels of sensitivity and/or resistance to organophosphate and pyrethoid insecticides. the results of bioassays showed low levels of resistance to fention, malathion and deltametrine, moderate levels of resistance to temephos, metyl-pirimifos and cipermetrine and high levels of resistance to chlorpirifios. according to the results obtained from the use of s.s.s. phosp ...	1999	10887565
[knowledge, opinions, and practices regarding aedes aegypti].	the active participation of the community is indispensable for reducing aedes aegypti mosquito populations so causes leading to their growth, actions taken, effects on the health and the people in charge of controlling such mosquitoes are all dealt with in this paper. 210 persons were interviewed from june 25 to 27, 1997. the causes of the growth of the mosquito population were: excessive garbage (59%), dirty waters (58%), open water reservoirs (50%) and lack of fumigation (21%). 40% of intervie ...	2009	10887576
[proportional abundance of culicidae in the urban ecosystem of havana city].	proportional abundance of the four most common mosquito species was determined in six types of breeding places located in plaza de la revolución municipality, city of havana from 1993-1996. culex quinquifasciatus exhibited values over 0.60 except in tyres and larval traps in 1993 and 1994 whereas aedes mediovittatus showed similar values in low tanks and artificial reservoirs in 1994 (0.43 and 0.56 respectively). it was also observed that this species prefers larval traps. aedes aegypti and cule ...	1999	10887585
a repressible female-specific lethal genetic system for making transgenic insect strains suitable for a sterile-release program.	we have developed a tetracycline-repressible female-specific lethal genetic system in the vinegar fly drosophila melanogaster. one component of the system is the tetracycline-controlled transactivator gene under the control of the fat body and female-specific transcription enhancer from the yolk protein 1 gene. the other component consists of the proapoptotic gene hid under the control of a tetracycline-responsive element. males and females of a strain carrying both components are viable on medi ...	0	10890889
[development of immunizing agents against dengue].	the four serotypes of dengue flaviviruses are transmitted mainly by the aedes aegypti mosquito, and some epidemics have been attributed to ae. albopictus, ae. polynesiensis, and various species of the ae. scutellaris complex. the risk factors involved in dengue mortality and morbidity are related to the human host (genetic characteristics of infected persons; lifestyles, immune status, and health conditions of people; basic sanitation of dwellings; and water supply) and to the virus (genetic var ...	2000	10893968
ribosomal protein s6 cdna from two aedes mosquitoes encodes a carboxyl-terminal extension that resembles histone h1 proteins.	ribosomal protein s6 (rps6) is the major phosphorylated protein on the eukaryotic ribosome. because electrophoretic evidence suggested that the homolog of rps6 from the mosquitoes aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti was measurably larger than drosophila rps6, we have now isolated full-length cdnas encoding aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti rps6. the mosquito rps6 cdnas encoded a 100 amino acid extension at the carboxyl-terminus, relative to rps6 from humans and drosophila. this region had homolo ...	1999	10897799
conserved molecular mechanism for the stage specificity of the mosquito vitellogenic response to ecdysone.	in the mosquito aedes aegypti, the adult female becomes competent for a vitellogenic response to ecdysone after previtellogenic development. here, we show that betaftz-f1, the nuclear receptor implicated as a competence factor for stage-specific responses to ecdysone during drosophila metamorphosis, serves a similar function during mosquito vitellogenesis. aaftz-f1 is expressed highly in the mosquito fat body during pre- and postvitellogenic periods when ecdysteroid titers are low. the mosquito ...	2000	10898964
integrated control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in liu-chiu village, ping-tung county, taiwan.	because of an inadequate supply of potable water, villagers of small liu-chiu isle, ping-tung county, taiwan, store water in containers supporting a large population of aedes aegypti. in 1989-96, integrated control measures against ae. aegypti were implemented on the basis of community participation. these measures included release of mosquito larvivorous fish in the drinking water storage facilities, application of larvicides to the water storage facilities in vegetable gardens, removal of disc ...	2000	10901632
people's knowledge and practice about dengue, its vectors, and control means in brasilia (df), brazil: its relevance with entomological factors.	in south america, the epidemiology and ecology of dengue fever are strongly associated with human habits because the vector aedes aegypti is strictly urban. thus, the evaluation of people's knowledge and practice (pkp) is of great importance to improve integrated control measures. a pkp evaluation has been done in a suburb of brasilia. thirty questions were submitted to 130 habitants about income level, education, sources of information, specific knowledge about dengue, vector biology, and contr ...	2000	10901634
comments on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and control of dengue.	dengue is currently the most important viral disease transmitted to man by arthropods, whether measured by the number of cases or number of deaths. prevalence of the disease is highest in tropical asia, intermediate in tropical america, and lowest in tropical africa. four distinct dengue viruses have been identified. types 2 and 3 appear to be more pathogenic on the average than types 1 and 4, but all four can cause severe or fatal dengue syndromes. infection with any of the four viruses confers ...	1999	10901853
toxicity of euphorbia milii latex and niclosamide to snails and nontarget aquatic species.	the toxicity of euphorbia milii molluscicidal latex and niclosamide (ncl) to target snails (biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila) and nontarget aquatic organisms is evaluated. planorbidae snails were killed by very low concentrations of lyophilized latex (48-h lc(50), mg/l: b. glabrata, 0.12; b. tenagophila, 0.09; helisoma duryi, 0.10). latex was less toxic (48-h lc(50) or ec(50), mg/l) to oligochaeta (tubifex tubifex, 0.31), planktonic crustacea (daphnia similis, 0.38; c. dubia, 1 ...	2000	10903832
influence of the copepod mesocyclops longisetus (crustacea: cyclopidae) on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in fresh water.	in an experimental microcosm, an analysis was performed of the influence exerted by freshwater mesocyclops longisetus copepods on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 serovar inaba. in the state of ceará, copepods are used in the control of aedes aegypti larvae. the system consisted of water with a salinity of 0.27 per 10,000 habitants and ph 7.5, which after sterilizing filtration was distributed into seven flasks with a volume of 400 ml; in each of six flasks, 10 live copepods were inoculated al ...	1996	10904360
engineering blood meal-activated systemic immunity in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	progress in molecular genetics makes possible the development of alternative disease control strategies that target the competence of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens. we tested the regulatory region of the vitellogenin (vg) gene of aedes aegypti for its ability to express potential antipathogen factors in transgenic mosquitoes. hermes-mediated transformation was used to integrate a 2.1-kb vg-promoter fragment driving the expression of the defensin a (defa) coding region, one of the major insect ...	2000	10908672
laboratory and field evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based forensic dna profiling for use in identification of human blood meal sources of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	we modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based forensic dna profiling for field studies on the feeding behavior of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue virus. human dna was extracted from oral swabs of human subjects and from blood-engorged mosquitoes, dna was quantified by slot blot, and alleles at variable number tandem repeats and three short tandem repeats loci were amplified by pcr. alleles were separated electrophoretically and then visualized by silver staining. a cus ...	2000	10916289
behavior of resting aedes aegypti (culicidae: diptera) and its relation to ultra-low volume adulticide efficacy in panama city, panama.	the resting behavior of aedes aegypti (l.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of panama city, panama, in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ulv) applications of malathion. adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance > 6 m from the street (86.4%). both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. the small ulv aerosol droplets (2-4 microns) penetrated all indoor resting sites of ae. aegypti, but in low amounts. because of the low amount of insecticide ...	2000	10916294
failure of dengue-2 virus antibody to interfere with the isolation of dengue-2 virus from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	when isolating dengue virus (den) from mosquitoes collected in endemic areas, pools may contain both anti-dengue antibodies from freshly engorged females and virus from den infected females. to determine if these antibodies may interfere with virus isolation, we simulated the isolation procedure using aedes aegypti (l.) that we infected with the 16,681 strain of dengue type 2 virus by intrathoracic inoculation. at 7 d postinfection, we allowed females to engorge on immunized or normal mouse bloo ...	2000	10916310
aedes aegypti (l) in port blair, andaman and nicobar islands-distribution and larval ecology.	a comprehensive survey was carried out in the port blair town in andaman and nicobar islands, in order to study the distribution and relative prevalence of aedes aegypti during the monsoon (july'1997-october'1997) season using larval survey and adult collection methods. ae. aegypti was found in all 21 localities surveyed. spatial variations in distribution was evident which was closely related to population density. the nature of the larval habitats was observed to be similar in all the localiti ...	1999	10916616
use of mycelial suspension and metabolites of paecilomyces lilacinus (fungi: hyphomycetes) in control of aedes aegypti larvae.	mycelial suspension of possible was assessed to examine its paecilomyces lilanicus, a fungus, detrimental effects on fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti. the immature stages suffered 64-68% mortality with 0.5-1% mycelial suspension. there was 12-16% adult emergence which was statistically significant (p < 001). czapeckdox and pyg media metabolites were used against the third instar larvae in various concentrations. the effects were evaluated on several parameters like mortality, mean survival ...	1999	10916617
loratadine in the treatment of mosquito-bite-sensitive children.	children frequently experience harmful whealing and delayed papules from mosquito bites. whealing is mediated by antisaliva ige antibodies and histamine, but the effect of antihistamines on mosquito-bite symptoms has not been evaluated in children.	2000	10921468
etiology of interepidemic periods of mosquito-borne disease.	dengue viruses and malaria protozoa are of increasing global concern in public health. the diseases caused by these pathogens often show regular seasonal patterns in incidence because of the sensitivity of their mosquito vectors to climate. between years in endemic areas, however, there can be further significant variation in case numbers for which public health systems are generally unprepared. there is an acute need for reliable predictions of within-year and between-year epidemic events. the ...	2000	10922081
use of water drums by humans and aedes aegypti in trinidad.	this report documents the results of a countrywide survey by county for aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes found breeding in drums in trinidad, west indies. the island-wide mean number of positive drums was 8.1 +/- 2.9 per county and the mean number of positive drums per house was 3.0 +/- 0.7 and ranged from 1.6 in st. george east to 4.9 in st. andrew/st. david. the breteau index varied from 6.2 in st. andrew/st. david to 52.5 in victoria east, with the median figure of 29.5. the most common location ...	2000	10925795
susceptibility of geographically distinct aedes aegypti l. from florida to dirofilaria immitis (leidy) infection.	in the present study, five geographically distinct populations of aedes aegypti l. from various regions of florida were compared for their susceptibilities to dirofilaria immitis (leidy) infection. the populations were from gainesville (north central), jacksonville (north eastern), naples (south western), sarasota (west central), and vero beach (east central). mosquitoes of all the populations had fewer parasites in their malpighian tubules 6 and 13 days after blood feeding compared to the numbe ...	2000	10925796
field evaluation of deltamethrin/s-bioallethrin/piperonyl butoxide and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in malaysia.	deltacide (s-bioallethrin 0.71% w/v, deltamethrin 0.5% w/v, piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v excipients to 100% w/v) and solfac ul 015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti at 17 storey high-rise apartments in malaysia using ulv applications. the impact of both insecticides on field populations of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. both deltacide and solfac ul 015 showed adulti ...	2000	10925801
[comparative study between larval surveys and ovitraps to monitor populations of aedes aegypti].	this study compares two techniques for detecting the presence of aedes aegypti: larval surveys and the oviposition trap. in two areas of the municipality of salvador, bahia, brazil were investigated 5,026 households. larval surveys and oviposition traps were used simultaneously in these households. different positivity levels (larvae and/or eggs) were detected between and within the two areas. however, only the use of the oviposition trap detected a significant statistical difference between the ...	2000	10936947
utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene for resolving relationships among black flies (diptera: simuliidae).	the complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene was sequenced from 17 black flies, representing 13 putative species, and used to infer phylogenetic relationships. a midge (paratanytarsus sp.) and three mosquitoes (aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus) were used as outgroup taxa. all outgroup taxa were highly divergent from black flies. phylogenetic trees based on weighted parsimony (a priori and a posteriori), maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining (log-de ...	2000	10942615
molecular and evolutionary analysis of two divergent subfamilies of a novel miniature inverted repeat transposable element in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	a novel family of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (mites) named pony was discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. it has all the characteristics of mites, including terminal inverted repeats, no coding potential, a+t richness, small size, and the potential to form stable secondary structures. past mobility of pony: was indicated by the identification of two pony insertions which resulted in the duplication of the ta dinucleotide targets. two highly divergent subfam ...	2000	10958848
insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae of some medicinal south american plants.	the insecticidal activity of 11 extracts from nine south american medicinal plants has been studied using the aedes aegypti larvicidal assay. eight of the 11 plant extracts studied showed toxicity against the a. aegypti larvae (lc(50)<500 microg/ml). the dichloromethane extracts of abuta grandifolia and minthostachys setosa demonstrated high larvicidal activity, the most active being the dichloromethane extract of a. grandifolia, with an lc(50)=2.6 microg/ml (lc(100)= 8.1 microg/ml), indicating ...	2000	10967471
morphometric changes associated with sex and development in the malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti.	the malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti showed significant differences in their diameters between male and female larvae, male and female pupae, male larvae and male adults and male pupae and male adults. in every case, female values were greater than in males. measurements of mean nuclear areas of the principal and stellate cells from malpighian tubules, taken in males and females during development, showed that this parameter in both types of cell was significantly greater in females than in m ...	2000	10969881
cloning of an aquaporin-like cdna and in situ hybridization in adults of the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	a cdna encoding a putative water channel protein, aquaporin, was cloned from a cdna library of aedes aegypti malpighian tubules. the cdna encodes a 26.11 kda protein similar to insect aquaporins from haematobia irritans exigua (diptera) and cicadella viridis (homoptera), and to mammalian aquaporin 4. localization of the messenger rna (mrna) was performed by in situ hybridization of malpighian tubules and analysed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. the mrna was localized in tracheolar cells ...	2000	10971718
molecular cloning and characterization of a metal responsive aedes aegypti intestinal mucin cdna.	we have isolated a cdna from aedes aegypti that is transcribed in the larval midgut in response to metal exposure, and in the adult female midgut in response to iron or cadmium exposure, or a blood meal. the cdna encodes a protein, designated aedes aegypti intestinal mucin 1 (aeimuc1), which has similarities with invertebrate intestinal mucins and peritrophins, and vertebrate mucins. proline, serine and threonine comprise 30% of the amino acid composition of aeimuc1, a characteristic of mucins. ...	2000	10971719
recombinant yellow fever viruses are effective therapeutic vaccines for treatment of murine experimental solid tumors and pulmonary metastases.	we have genetically engineered an attenuated yellow fever (yf) virus to carry and express foreign antigenic sequences and evaluated the potential of this type of recombinant virus to serve as a safe and effective tumor vaccine. live-attenuated yf vaccine is one of the most effective viral vaccines available today. important advantages include its ability to induce long-lasting immunity, its safety, its affordability, and its documented efficacy. in this study, recombinant live-attenuated (strain ...	2000	10982366
molecular characterization of the abp1 5'-flanking region in maize and the teosintes.	auxin-binding protein 1 subsp. mays (abp1) has been suggested as a receptor mediating auxin-induced cell expansion and differentiation. in maize (zea mays), abp1 is encoded by a single gene, abp1. the tata and caat promoter elements as well as the transcriptional start site were previously identified and all were found to be located within a transposable element (te), tourist-zm11. in this study we report the cloning and characterization of the abp1 5'-flanking region in maize and its wild relat ...	0	10982450
genetic manipulation of vectors: a potential novel approach for control of vector-borne diseases.		0	10984525
purified mariner (mos1) transposase catalyzes the integration of marked elements into the germ-line of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	derivatives of the mariner transposable element, mos1, from drosophila mauritiana, can integrate into the germ-line of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. previously, the transposase required to mobilize mos1 was provided in trans by a helper plasmid expressing the enzyme under the control of the d. psuedoobscura heat-shock protein 82 promoter. here we tested whether purified recombinant mos1 transposase could increase the recovery of ae. aegypti transformants. mos1 transposase was injecte ...	2000	10989286
the incrimination of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti as the vector of dirofilaria repens in nigeria.	six local species of culicides were identified as the common mosquitoes in zaria, out of 15 species captured using various adult and larval collection methods. these common culicides are culex pipiens fatigans, anopheles gambiae grp., mansonia africana, culex pipiens pipiens, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes vittatus. they were each fed directly on a local dog naturally infected with dirofilaria repens to evaluate their refractoriness/susceptibility to dirofilarial infection. in a number of d ...	2000	10996744
voltage clamping single cells in intact malpighian tubules of mosquitoes.	principal cells of the malpighian tubule of the yellow fever mosquito were studied with the methods of two-electrode voltage clamp (tevc). intracellular voltage (v(pc)) was -86.7 mv, and input resistance (r(pc)) was 388.5 komega (n = 49 cells). in six cells, ba(2+) (15 mm) had negligible effects on v(pc), but it increased r(pc) from 325.3 to 684.5 komega (p < 0.001). in the presence of ba(2+), leucokinin-viii (1 microm) increased v(pc) to -101.8 mv (p < 0.001) and reduced r(pc) to 340.2 komega ( ...	2000	10997925
[paul-louis simond and yellow fever].	p.l. simond participated in the pasteur institute mission sent to rio de janeiro from 1901 to 1905 to investigate yellow fever and was to make an important contribution to the knowledge of the disease. at that time, the aetiologic agent of yellow fever was still unknown, and its transmission by mosquitoes was controversial. several authors had observed apparent differences in the susceptibility to the illness between african and european populations. otherwise, the soundness of epidemic control ...	1999	11000946
[transmission and conservation of the amaril virus in nature].	the yellow fever virus is a monkey flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. the transmission cycles and vectors vary from western to eastern africa and in south america. there are two types of endemic areas where the virus is maintained: humid forests and emerging zones and areas where intermediary and urban epidemics occur. on both continents, the virus circulates in forest areas by moving epizooties from one region to another among non immune monkeys. the virus can also be maintained in an enzoot ...	1999	11000958
vector competence of aedes aegypti, culex sitiens, culex annulirostris, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) for barmah forest virus.	aedes aegypti (l.), culex sitiens weidemann, culex annulirostris skuse, and culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes colonized at the queensland institute of medical research, brisbane australia, were fed on blood containing barmah forest virus (bf). only cx. annulirostris was susceptible to infection, with a median cell culture infectious dose (ccid50) of 10(3.36) per mosquito. ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus were infected experimentally, but at rates of < 9%. cx. sitiens did not become infec ...	2000	11004776
robust gut-specific gene expression in transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	genetic modification of the vectorial capacity of mosquito vectors of human disease requires promoters capable of driving gene expression with appropriate tissue and stage specificity. we report on the characterization in transgenic aedes aegypti of two mosquito gut-specific promoters. a 1.4-kb dna fragment adjacent to the 5' end of the coding region of the ae. aegypti carboxypeptidase (aecp) gene and a corresponding 3.4-kb dna fragment at the 5' end of the anopheles gambiae carboxypeptidase (ag ...	2000	11005862
quantitative trait loci that control vector competence for dengue-2 virus in the mosquito aedes aegypti.	quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting the ability of the mosquito aedes aegypti to become infected with dengue-2 virus were mapped in an f(1) intercross. dengue-susceptible a. aegypti aegypti were crossed with dengue refractory a. aegypti formosus. f(2) offspring were analyzed for midgut infection and escape barriers. in p(1) and f(1) parents and in 207 f(2) individuals, regions of 14 cdna loci were analyzed with single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to identify and orient linkage g ...	2000	11014816
nuclear factors bind to a conserved dna element that modulates transcription of anopheles gambiae trypsin genes.	the anopheles gambiae trypsin family consists of seven genes that are transcribed in the gut of female mosquitoes in a temporal coordinated and mutually exclusive manner, suggesting the involvement of a complex transcription regulatory mechanism. we identified a highly conserved 12-nucleotide motif present in all a. gambiae and anopheles stephensi trypsin promoters. we investigated the role of this putative trypsin regulatory element (ptre) in controlling the transcription of the trypsin genes. ...	2001	11016929
characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin which is toxic to insects in three orders.	we report here the first bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin which is toxic to insects from three insect orders (diptera, coleoptera, and lepidoptera). an oligonucleotide probe based on the delta-endotoxin n-terminal sequence was used to detect the gene. a 23-kb bamhi fragment containing the intact gene was identified and cloned from bt strain ybt-226 plasmid dna into the vector pbluescript ii. through a series of dna manipulations the size of this fragment was reduced and the gene sequenced. the ...	2000	11023737
molecular strategies for interrupting arthropod-borne virus transmission by mosquitoes.	arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections cause a number of emerging and resurgent human and veterinary infectious diseases. traditional means of controlling arbovirus diseases include vaccination of susceptible vertebrates and mosquito control, but in many cases these have been unavailable or ineffective, and so novel strategies for disease control are needed. one possibility is genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors to render them unable to transmit arboviruses. this review describes rece ...	2000	11023962