Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| high rate of bacterial vaginosis among women with intrauterine devices in manado, indonesia. | recent research reported that bacterial vaginosis (bv) might enhance the acquisition and transmission of hiv. bv is also associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, a disease also associated with intrauterine device (iud) insertion. to measure the magnitude of this problem, we conducted a prevalence survey of bv and sexually transmitted diseases (stds; defined as current infections with neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, and/or trichomonas vaginalis) among all pa ... | 2001 | 11704096 |
| randomized trial of presumptive sexually transmitted disease therapy during pregnancy in rakai, uganda. | the purpose of this study was to assess presumptive sexually transmitted disease treatment on pregnancy outcome and hiv transmission. | 2001 | 11717659 |
| nongonococcal and nonchlamydial cervicitis. | cervicitis encompasses a variety of gynecologic conditions. although inflammation on a papanicolaou smear may be indicative of true cervical inflammation, establishing a diagnosis of mucopurulent cervicitis (mcp) is more clinically useful. mcp seems to be analogous to nongonococcal urethritis in men. many cases of mcp are related to chlamydia trachomatis infection, but the majority of cases have other potential causes. other possible pathogens include neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis ... | 2001 | 11722812 |
| frequency of trichomonas vaginalis, candida sp and gardnerella vaginalis in cervical-vaginal smears in four different decades. | vaginitis is one of the principal motives that lead women to seek out an obstetrician or gynecologist. bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis are responsible for 90% of the cases of infectious vaginitis. | 2001 | 11723534 |
| phagocytosis of rod-shaped bacteria and cocci by trichomonas vaginalis: light microscopic observations. | 2001 | 11726111 | |
| concordance between genetic relatedness and phenotypic similarities of trichomonas vaginalis strains. | despite the medical importance of trichomoniasis, little is known about the genetic relatedness of trichomonas vaginalis strains with similar biological characteristics. furthermore, the distribution of endobionts such as mycoplasmas or trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) in the t. vaginalis metapopulation is poorly characterised. | 2001 | 11734059 |
| synthesis and in vitro trichomonacidal activities of some new dialkylperoxides and 1,2,4-trioxanes. | two series of three trioxanes and 18 disubstituted peroxides were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro trichomonacidal activity against trichomonas vaginalis. the most active compound, 2-methylprop-2-yl 2-methoxyeth-1-yl peroxide exhibited an ic(50) value of 1.0+/-0.2 microm whereas other dialkyl peroxides had various ic(50) values which could not be correlated to their molecule structure. the best compound was about five times more active than metronidazole. the amount of generated oxyg ... | 2001 | 11738490 |
| characterization of an iron-responsive promoter in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | iron has been shown to regulate transcription in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. in this study, a dna transfection system was developed to monitor ap65-1 promoter activity in response to changing iron supply. in conjunction with electrophoretic mobility shift assay, iron-induced transcription of the ap65-1 gene was shown to be regulated by multiple closely spaced dna elements spanning an iron-responsive region (-110/-54), including an iron-responsive dna element ((-98)agataacga(-90 ... | 2002 | 11741916 |
| trichomonas vaginalis, hiv, and african-americans. | trichomonas vaginalis may be emerging as one of the most important cofactors in amplifying hiv transmission, particularly in african-american communities of the united states. in a person co-infected with hiv, the pathology induced by t. vaginalis infection can increase hiv shedding. trichomonas infection may also act to expand the portal of entry for hiv in an hiv-negative person. studies from africa have suggested that t. vaginalis infection may increase the rate of hiv transmission by approxi ... | 2001 | 11747718 |
| unique phylogenetic relationships of glucokinase and glucosephosphate isomerase of the amitochondriate eukaryotes giardia intestinalis, spironucleus barkhanus and trichomonas vaginalis. | glucokinase (gk) and glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi), the first two enzymes of the glycolytic pathway of the diplomonads giardia intestinalis and spironucleus barkhanus, type i amitochondriate eukaryotes, were sequenced. gpi of the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis was also sequenced. the diplomonad gks belong to a family of specific gks present in cyanobacteria, in some proteobacteria and also in t. vaginalis, a type ii amitochondriate protist. these enzymes are not part of the hexokinase fami ... | 2001 | 11750134 |
| a clinical study on the association of trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) outpatient clinic. | swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large dutch sexually transmitted diseases (std) outpatient clinic. a detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. the swabs were monitored for bacterial vagi ... | 2001 | 11750218 |
| in vitro activity of nitazoxanide and related compounds against isolates of giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. | the activities of the n-(nitrothiazolyl) salicylamide nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide were compared with metronidazole in vitro in microplates against six axenic isolates of giardia intestinalis. tizoxanide was eight times more active than metronidazole against metronidazole-susceptible isolates and twice as active against a resistant isolate. in 10 axenic isolates of entamoeba histolytica, while tizoxanide was almost twice as active as metronidazole against more susceptible isolates, ... | 2002 | 11751773 |
| interrelationships among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and the presence of yeasts. | vaginal discharge of mixed etiology occurs frequently, with abnormal vaginal flora being the most common condition. the interrelationships among the disturbance of the vaginal ecology, the presence of yeasts, and infection with trichomonas vaginalis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were investigated among women presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases service. analysis was done for 598 women. although the prevalence of hiv-1 infection increased linearly with increasing nugent ... | 2002 | 11756983 |
| mechanism and clinical significance of metronidazole resistance in helicobacter pylori. | metronidazole was introduced in 1959 for the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis, but was subsequently shown to be active against anaerobic and some micro-aerophilic bacteria as well. in anaerobic microorganisms with their low redox potential, metronidazole is reduced to its active metabolite by a one-electron transfer step. metronidazole is often used in treatment regimens for helicobacter pylori, a microaerophilic bacterium, but resistance to this drug is frequently encountered. the metabolism ... | 2001 | 11768554 |
| development and validation of a pcr-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urine for use in clinical research settings to detect trichomonas vaginalis in women. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with poor birth outcomes and enhanced human immunodeficiency virus transmission. traditional detection methods rely on microscopic examination of vaginal specimens (wet mount) and culture, which can be insensitive and time-consuming. more than 3,000 women attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to evaluate urine-based pcr for detection of t. vaginalis using a com ... | 2002 | 11773098 |
| the bali std/aids study: evaluation of an intervention for sex workers. | prostitution has been an important factor in the spread of hiv infection in asia. interventions need to be developed to reduce the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections in this area. | 2002 | 11773879 |
| in-pouch tv culture system in diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection. | a newly simplified culture method, the in-pouch tv culture system, the wet mount (wm) examination and the acridine orange stain were compared with the oxoid culture as a standard technique in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. out of 70 symptomatic cases enrolled in this study, 28 specimens were positive by all methods. among these positive specimens, 21 were positive by the oxoid culture (75%) and 24 (85.7%) with sensitivity of 85.7% by the in-pouch system. both wet mount preparation and acridine ... | 2001 | 11775092 |
| evaluation of the effect of a plant alkaloid (berberine derived from berberis aristata) on trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | berberine is a quaternary alkaloid derived from the plant berberis aristata having antibacterial, antiamoebic, antifungal, antihelminthic, leishmanicidal and tuberculostatic properties. the effect of berberine sulphate salt on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro was compared to the efficacy of metronidazole as a reference drug. results showed that berberine sulphate was comparable to metronidazole as regards potency with the advantage of being more safe and possible replacement in metro ... | 2001 | 11775115 |
| trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal smears of women using intrauterine contraceptive device. | to detect the association between the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) and the presence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv), vaginal smears of 1110 women were examined cytologically. among 45 iucd users, 10 women were positive for tv (22.22%). forty six of 1065 non-users were also positive for tv (4.32%). there was a significant correlation between the use of iucd and the presence of tv (p < 0.05). the data also indicated that the prolonged use (> or = 3 years) of copper-iucd may pro ... | 2001 | 11787243 |
| trichomonas vaginalis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we assessed the association between the causative agents of vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) among women attending a rural sexually transmitted disease clinic in south africa; the role played by coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was studied. vaginal and cervical specimens were obtained to detect neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis. hiv-1 infection was established by use of serum antibody te ... | 2002 | 11797180 |
| genitourinary infections and their association with preterm labor. | genitourinary tract infections are one cause of preterm delivery. prematurity is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality in the united states. uterine contractions may be induced by cytokines and prostaglandins, which are released by microorganisms. asymptomatic bacteriuria, gonococcal cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis are strongly associated with preterm delivery. the role of chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis and ureaplasma urealyticum is less clear. by adopting a rational ... | 2002 | 11820488 |
| meeting report: anaerobic protozoan parasites, prague, czech republic, july 15-19, 2001. | 2001 | 11822654 | |
| [vaginal trichomoniasis in a group of hiv-positive people]. | a total of 132 women who received attention at the outpatient department of dermatology of the "pedro kouri" institute of tropical medicine from january to july, 1998, were studied. 64 of them were hiv carriers and 68 were sound controls. on determining the infection frequency by trichomonas vaginalis, it was found that 15.6% and 16.1%, respectively, were parasitized by this protozoa. the diagnostic techniques used were simple direct examination of the vaginal exudate and culture in vitro. the l ... | 2000 | 11826530 |
| identification of a satellite double-stranded rna in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis infected with t. vaginalis virus t1. | co-infection by a 0.5-kb small double-stranded (ds) rna together with trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) genomic 4.6-kb dsrna is commonly observed in a number of t. vaginalis isolates. by molecular cloning and primer extension experiments, the 497-bp cdna sequence of a 0.5-kb dsrna co-infecting with tvv-t1 in t vagina/is t1 isolate was elucidated. consistent with the replication cycle of a typical dsrna virus, a plus-strand viral rna beginning at +1 of the 0.5-kb dsrna was identified in infected ... | 1995 | 11831699 |
| tubulins in trichomonas vaginalis: molecular characterization of alpha-tubulin genes, posttranslational modifications, and homology modeling of the tubulin dimer. | we have isolated and analysed an alpha-tubulin-encoding gene (atub1) in an early-diverging eukaryote, trichomonas vaginalis. the complete atub1 open reading frame included 1.356 bp encoding a polypeptide of 452 amino-acyl residues. a second alpha-tubulin gene (atub2) was amplified by pcr using primers derived from consensus alpha-tubulin amino acid sequences. both t. vaginalis alpha-tubulin sequences showed high identity to those described in other parabasalids (94.4%-97.3%), and exhibited a hig ... | 2001 | 11831773 |
| vitamin a deficiency and genital tract infections in women living in central africa. | 2002 | 11832693 | |
| definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis. | to define an entity of abnormal vaginal flora: aerobic vaginitis. | 2002 | 11845812 |
| a spliceosomal intron in giardia lamblia. | short introns occur in numerous protist lineages, but there are no reports of intervening sequences in the protists giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis, which may represent the deepest known branches in the eukaryotic line of descent. we have discovered a 35-bp spliceosomal intron in a gene encoding a putative [2fe-2s] ferredoxin of g. lamblia. the giardia intron contains a canonical splice site at its 3' end (ag), a noncanonical splice site at its 5' end (ct), and a branch point sequence ... | 2002 | 11854456 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of a family of p-type atpase genes. | p-type atpases are ion-transporting pumps that enable organisms to control cellular functions and survive changing environmental conditions by regulating internal ion concentrations. eight p-type atpases were identified in the amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification with oligonucleotide primers that recognize conserved motifs present in all p-type atpases, the atp phosphorylation site (dktgtlt) and the atp binding site (tgdgvnd). phylogen ... | 2002 | 11880226 |
| giardia intestinalis, a eukaryote without hydrogenosomes, produces hydrogen. | the microaerophilic flagellated protist giardia intestinalis, the commonest protozoal agent of intestinal infections worldwide, is of uncertain phylogeny, but is usually regarded as the earliest branching of the eukaryotic clades. under strictly anaerobic conditions, a mass spectrometric investigation of gas production indicated a low level of generation of dihydrogen (2 nmol x min(-1) per 10(7) organisms), about 10-fold lower than that in trichomonas vaginalis under similar conditions. hydrogen ... | 2002 | 11882707 |
| a hydrogenosomal [fe]-hydrogenase from the anaerobic chytrid neocallimastix sp. l2. | the presence of a [fe]-hydrogenase in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus neocallimastix sp. l2 has been demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, subcellular fractionation, western-blotting and measurements of hydrogenase activity in the presence of various concentrations of carbon monoxide (co). since the hydrogenosomal hydrogenase activity can be inhibited nearly completely by low concentrations of co, it is likely that the [fe]-hydrogenase is responsible for at least 90% of ... | 2002 | 11891051 |
| intrauterine infection and prematurity. | intrauterine infection is a major cause of premature labor with and without intact membranes. intrauterine infection is present in approximately 25% of all preterm births and the earlier the gestational age at delivery, the higher the frequency of intra-amniotic infection. microorganisms may also gain access to the fetus before delivery. a fetal inflammatory response syndrome elicited in response to microbial products is associated with the impending onset of preterm labor and also with multi-sy ... | 2002 | 11921380 |
| [vulvovaginitis caused by candida spp. and trichomonas vaginalis in sexually active women]. | vulvovaginitis accounts for 20 to 30% of gynecological diseases and it is observed in women from 20 to 30 years of age. it has a higher frequency in women using oral contraceptives and during the third trimester of pregnancy. the aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of candida spp and trichomonas vaginalis in patients with the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis from the gynecology service in hospital universitario "ruiz y páez" in ciudad bolívar and hospital "raúl leoni" in san félix (bolí ... | 2002 | 11921745 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginal discharge in lagos, nigeria. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent, non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide and probably the most commonly treatable in africa and worldwide. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis among women with vaginal discharge attending a gynaecologic clinic in lagos and to identify the common characteristics of the vaginal discharge in t vaginalis. high vaginal swabs were taken from consenting adults with vaginal discharge. the quantity, colour and od ... | 2001 | 11922025 |
| timing of inoculation of the pouch makes no difference in increased detection of trichomonas vaginalis by the inpouch tv method. | the inpouch tv is a method which combines a wet preparation and a culture method to detect trichomonas vaginalis. the top portion of the inpouch tv essentially functions as a slide to be examined under the microscope. if the initial examination is negative, the specimen is pushed down into the bottom pouch, which serves as a broth for cultivation. the issue of timing has not been specifically addressed for optimal processing. to assess the effect of timing on the inoculation of the bottom pouch, ... | 2002 | 11923361 |
| phylogenetic relationships between the six superoxide dismutase proteins (fesod) of trichomonas vaginalis and fesod6 genetic diversity. | the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is known to contain several types of fe-containing superoxide dismutase proteins (fesod). using three different methods of phylogenetic analysis, maximum parsimony (mp), neighbor joining (nj), and maximum likelihood (ml) methods, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among the six fesod (fesod1-fesod6) based on their amino acid sequences. all the analyses consistently suggested that the six proteins formed a monophyletic group implying that they ... | 2002 | 11938694 |
| [study on etiologic agents of vaginitis]. | in order to provide scientific basis for preventing and curing vaginitis, etiologic agents were examined in 354 patients with vaginitis and 115 healthy women using rapid and reliable laboratory methods. the inducements of vaginitis were analysed. the results showed that candida was only detected for the normal control group. bacteria, candida and trichomonas were the commonest causes of vaginitis. with the increasing ages of patients with vaginitis, the incidence rates of all kinds of vaginitis ... | 1999 | 11938750 |
| biology of trichomonosis. | trichomonas vaginalis is emerging as a major pathogen of men and women and is associated with serious health consequences. advances in diagnosis and treatment are presented. the complexity of trichomonad pathogenesis is illustrated in the interaction of this parasite with human cells, tissues and the immune system. it is now becoming evident that the interaction of trichomonads with the host is frequently modulated by environmental signals. the molecular biology of trichomonads is still in its i ... | 2000 | 11964771 |
| [a clinical and microbiological study of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis in pregnant women]. | infectious complications in pregnancy and delivery are still y serious problem in obstetrical, gynecological and neonatological practice. the main part of them are caused from the anaerobic organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis as well from sexually transmitted pathogens. in this study we present data about the frequency of spreading of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis in pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy. we held y study of 106 pregnant women aged between 15 and 35, regis ... | 1999 | 11965718 |
| a form of cell death with some features resembling apoptosis in the amitochondrial unicellular organism trichomonas vaginalis. | one of hallmarks of apoptosis is the degradation and concomitant compaction of chromatin. it is assumed that caspases and caspase-independent pathways are rate limiting for the development of nuclear apoptosis. the caspase-independent pathway involves apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) and leads to dna fragmentation and peripheral chromatin condensation. both pathways are the result of activation of death signals that the mitochondrion receives, integrates, and responds to with the release of vario ... | 2002 | 11978006 |
| in vivo expression of ferredoxin in a drug resistant trichomonad increases metronidazole susceptibility. | 2002 | 11985873 | |
| specific iga response, t-cell subtype and cytokine profile in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis. | trichomoniasis caused by trichomonas vaginalis may lead to either a complete absence of symptoms or to severe inflammatory manifestations in infected women. studies of the role of immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this disease are lacking. mice may prove useful as an experimental model for intravaginal trichomoniasis in developing an understanding of the role of local immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this disease. the present study ... | 2002 | 11999021 |
| scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of the in vitro hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis. | the in vitro hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis has been previously demonstrated, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. in this work we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the contact dependency of the hemolytic phenomenon caused by the parasites. the erythrocytes adhered to the parasites' surface and were phagocytosed. these observations suggest that the contact between t. vaginalis and erythrocytes may be an important mechanism in the injury caused to the e ... | 2002 | 11999024 |
| analyses of rna polymerase ii genes from free-living protists: phylogeny, long branch attraction, and the eukaryotic big bang. | the phylogenetic relationships among major eukaryotic protist lineages are largely uncertain. two significant obstacles in reconstructing eukaryotic phylogeny are long-branch attraction (lba) effects and poor taxon sampling of free-living protists. we have obtained and analyzed gene sequences encoding the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii (rpb1) from naegleria gruberi (a heterolobosean), cercomonas atcc 50319 (a cercozoan), and ochromonas danica (a heterokont); we have also analyzed the rpb1 ... | 2002 | 12032239 |
| acetarsol pessaries in the treatment of metronidazole resistant trichomonas vaginalis. | 1999 | 12035784 | |
| separable putative polyadenylation and cleavage motifs in trichomonas vaginalis mrnas. | 3' untranslated region processing and polyadenylation in trichomonas vaginalis was analyzed by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends and sequence analysis of t. vaginalis mrnas. a putative polyadenylation signal with the sequence uaaa was found 11-30 nucleotides upstream from the cleavage site. the motif pyrimidine( downward arrow)(a)(0-3)aauu is proposed to be the cleavage site for polyadenylation of transcripts. this potential sequence defining the cleavage site for polyadenylation in eukaryotes ... | 2002 | 12036586 |
| what sexually transmitted disease screening method does the adolescent prefer? adolescents' attitudes toward first-void urine, self-collected vaginal swab, and pelvic examination. | to assess sexually active adolescents' attitudes toward 3 screening collection techniques for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis using first-void urine (fvu), self-collected vaginal swab specimens, and pelvic examination with clinician-collected endocervical swab specimens. | 2002 | 12038892 |
| dna single strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by three nitroimidazole derivatives. | tinidazole (tnz), ornidazole (onz) and metronidazole (mtz) are antiparasitic drugs (nitroimidazole derivatives) that have proven to be effective against trichomonas vaginalis, entoamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and helicobacter pylori. the reduction of the nitro group and the generation of short-lived reactive intermediates are the basis of its parasiticidal activity. this reduction is associated with its mutagenic activity in bacteria, although in mammalian cells dna damage seems to be rel ... | 2002 | 12044544 |
| a preliminary study on the relationship between trichomonas vaginalis and cervical cancer in egyptian women. | the relationship between trichomonas vaginalis and cancer cervix was investigated by detection of t. vaginalis antibodies, in the sera of 48 invasive cervical cancer patients and 100 random age matched female control, using western immunoblot technique. it was found that antibodies to t. vaginalis were detected in sera of 18.75% (9/48) of cervical cancer patients compared with 5% (5/100) of controls. the increase was evident in age group, 40-49 years (21.05% vs 5%) and of those with squamous cel ... | 2002 | 12049252 |
| the crystal structure of trichomonas vaginalis ferredoxin provides insight into metronidazole activation. | crystallographic studies revealing the three-dimensional structure of the oxidized form of the [2fe-2s] ferredoxin from trichomonas vaginalis (tvfd) are presented. tvfd, a member of the hydrogenosomal class of ferredoxins, possesses a unique combination of redox and spectroscopic properties, and is believed to be the biological molecule that activates the drug metronidazole reductively in the treatment of trichomoniasis. it is the first hydrogenosomal ferredoxin to have its structure determined. ... | 2002 | 12051855 |
| lipid metabolism in mucous-dwelling amitochondriate protozoa. | entamoeba, giardia, and trichomonads are the prominent members of a group known as 'mucosal parasites'. while entamoeba and giardia trophozoites colonise the small intestine, trichomonads inhabit the genitourinary tracts of humans and animals. these protozoa lack mitochondria, well-developed golgi complexes, and other organelles typical of higher eukaryotes. nonetheless, they have developed unique metabolic pathways that allow them to survive and multiply in the small intestine and reproductive ... | 2002 | 12062485 |
| infectious diseases. 6: sexually transmitted infections: new diagnostic approaches and treatments. | 1. commercially available nucleic acid amplification assays (eg, polymerase or ligase chain reaction) are now the "gold standard" tests for genital chlamydial infection and also have a role in screening for gonococcal infection. 2. single-dose oral antibiotics are available for treatment of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis infections. 3. strains of n. gonorrhoeae in urban australia are often penicillin resistant, while strains from south east asia and those ... | 2002 | 12064989 |
| multiple origins of hydrogenosomes: functional and phylogenetic evidence from the adp/atp carrier of the anaerobic chytrid neocallimastix sp. | a mitochondrial-type adp/atp carrier (aac) has been identified in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus neocallimastix sp. l2. biochemical and immunocytochemical studies revealed that this adp/atp carrier is an integral component of hydrogenosomal membranes. expression of the corresponding cdna in escherichia coli confers the ability on the bacterial host to incorporate adp at significantly higher rates than atp--similar to isolated mitochondria of yeast and animals. phyloge ... | 2002 | 12067335 |
| neonatal pneumonia caused by trichomonas vaginalis. | the authors present two cases of newborn babies infected by trichomonas vaginalis (hereafter referred to as t. vaginalis) and suffering from severe congenital breathing difficulties and needing artificial respiration. microscopic examination of the tracheal discharge revealed characteristically moving, flagellated, pear-shaped unicellular organisms. cultures on cplm medium proved the presence of t. vaginalis. during pregnancy the mothers' clinical status was negative and both of them mentioned l ... | 2002 | 12073821 |
| [electrophoretic analysis of soluble antigens of a pathogenic isolate of trichomonas vaginalis]. | to analyze the parasite soluble antigens of a pathogenic isolate of trichomonas vaginalis. | 1998 | 12078262 |
| synthesis and trichomonacidal activity of perketals and hydroperoxides. | some perketals were synthesized by the dussault procedure using simple bromides and 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hydroperoxide. treatment with acetic acid gave the corresponding hydroperoxides. both perketals and hydroperoxides were tested in vitro as trichomonacidal agents. most of them exhibited very good activities. the most powerful compound was 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hexadec-l-yl peroxide which exhibited an ic50 value of 0.51 microm being 10 times more effective than the reference compound metronidazole. | 2002 | 12088060 |
| cost-effective screening for trichomoniasis. | 2002 | 12095452 | |
| methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. | cultivation of luminal protistan parasites has a long history. in this review we discuss the methods and media that are most widely used for the establishment and maintenance of the following organisms in culture: entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis, dientamoeba fragilis, blastocystis hominis, and balantidium coli. while cultivation is of limited importance in the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to most research laboratories, and it is toward the latter that ... | 2002 | 12097242 |
| bacterial vaginosis and other asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy. | preterm birth is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. many asymptomatic genital infections have been associated with preterm birth, but attempts to determine a causal relationship between specific infections and preterm birth have been disappointing. treatment trials of specific infections have generally failed to show a positive effect, and in some trials have shown a deleterious effect. although there is a strong association between the presence of bacterial vaginosis and tricho ... | 2001 | 12112946 |
| techniques of testing for sexually transmitted diseases. | adolescent and young adult women are the highest-risk group for nearly all sexually transmitted infections. this article reviews diagnostic methods for the most common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections, with special attention to the use of nucleic acid amplification methods, as well as the utilization of nontraditional clinical specimens. these new modalities should help the care provider identify and manage the large asymptomatic pool of infected patients, and further lower th ... | 2001 | 12112957 |
| [cervico-vaginal infections. study of a population in the turin area]. | aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, in the turin area, of the pathogens chiefly involved in the genesis of the most common infections of the female genitalia. | 2002 | 12114863 |
| ultrastructural cytochemical observations of the cell coat of two trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different degree of virulence. | the cell coat of two trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different degree of virulence isolated in mexico from symptomatic women was studied by cytochemical assays. the use of carbohydrate cell surface markers allowed us to visualize greater electron-dense deposits in the highly virulent t. vaginalis isolate than in the less virulent one. on the contrary, parasites treated with concanavalin a showed a heavy uniform electron-dense deposit on the cell surface that was similar in both isolates. whe ... | 2002 | 12117282 |
| in vitro effect of nitazoxanide against entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. | nitazoxanide, a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative, is effective in the treatment of a broad range of parasitic infections. in vitro, it is active against several protozoa, including cryptosporidium parvum, blastocystis hominis, and giardia intestinalis. the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of nitazoxanide on the growth and morphology of three anaerobic protozoa (entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, and trichomonas vaginalis) and to compare these effects with those o ... | 2002 | 12120985 |
| in vitro activities of position 2 substitution-bearing 6-nitro- and 6-amino-benzothiazoles and their corresponding anthranilic acid derivatives against leishmania infantum and trichomonas vaginalis. | 6-nitro- and 6-amino-benzothiazoles bearing different chains in position 2 and their corresponding anthranilic acid derivatives were investigated for their in vitro antiparasitic properties against parasites of the species leishmania infantum and trichomonas vaginalis compared to their toxicity towards human monocytes. biological investigations established that the antiprotozoal properties depended greatly on the chemical structure of the position 2 substitution-bearing group. compound c1, 2-[(2 ... | 2002 | 12121937 |
| aetiology of chronic prostatitis. | a total of 388 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and inflammatory findings in expressed prostatic secretion (eps) or in a urine sample collected immediately after prostate massage, were examined over a 2 year period at the outpatient department for urogenital infections, university hospital for infectious diseases 'dr fran mihaljević', zagreb, croatia. the infective aetiology was determined in 276 (71.13%) patients. chlamydia trachomatis was the causative pathogen in 109 patients, tr ... | 2002 | 12135835 |
| prostatitis: what is the role of infection. | although bacterial prostatitis is a common diagnosis, well documented infections of the prostate are uncommon. culture studies of prostate tissue led our group to hypothesize that bacterial colonization/invasion of the prostate gland might occur more commonly than is appreciated by standard microbiological techniques. specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were used for each of the pathogens previously implicated in chronic prostatitis as well as broad-spectrum pcr assays to identify te ... | 2002 | 12135836 |
| interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy. | vaginitis due to trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications. | 2002 | 12137609 |
| six-year follow-up survey of sexually transmitted diseases in brasilia, the capital of brazil. | the notification of sexually transmitted diseases (std) is a prime component of well-designed public health policy. however, peculiar aspects of std must be taken into account for the correct management of surveillance activities. here, we describe the distribution of the most common sexually transmitted diseases among patients attended by the gynecological clinics of the principal public hospitals of brasilia and the federal district, brazilian capital, during six years. a total of 142,158 pati ... | 2002 | 12144746 |
| intestinal parasitic infections and swamp development in sierra leone. | the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and other intestinal and urogenital parasites were assessed in five inland valley swamp (ivs) development faming communities in the moyamba district, south-central sierra leone. stool and urine samples were submitted by 1106 individuals and examined by the iron-haematoxylin staining and the formalin-ether concentration techniques for faecal sample and centrifugation method for the urine samples. the overall parasitic infection rate was 61. ... | 1994 | 12153344 |
| 1,3-diphenylpyrazoles: synthesis and antiparasitic activities of azomethine derivatives. | 1,3-diphenylpyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenylpyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde were obtained from the appropriated phenylhydrazones via the vilsmeier-haack reaction. these two aldehydes were functionalized by various substituted anilines or substituted benzylamines. antiparasitic activities of the corresponding azomethines were assessed. in the most cases, nitrated compounds were found to be more efficient than non-nitrated ones against plasmodium falciparum, trichomonas vaginalis ... | 2002 | 12161064 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection in a premature newborn. | trichomonas vaginalis is a vaginal pathogen associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes of pregnancy. data are limited regarding the effects of trichomonas infections in the newborn. we report a symptomatic t. vaginalis infection in a 26-week premature infant and a review of the literature. | 2002 | 12168131 |
| survey of urinary schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis in a rural community in edo state, nigeria. | survey of urinary schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis was conducted among 830 inhabitants of ikao village, in owan local government area of edo state, nigeria between october, 1999 and february, 2000. of these, 178 (21.4%) excreted schistosoma haematobium ova in their urine. school children were more infected than the farmers and petty traders. males were more infected than the female counterparts, these differences were statistically significant using chi-square test analysis (chi 2). most of th ... | 2001 | 12170944 |
| trichomonas vaginalis polymerase chain reaction compared with standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for detection and treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. | wet preparation has limited sensitivity for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection. an observational study of 337 women was conducted to evaluate a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for tv. the sensitivities of wet preparation and tv culture were 52% (95% confidence interval [ci], 41-62) and 78% (95% ci, 69-86), respectively. tv pcr had a sensitivity of 84% (95% ci, 75-90) and a specificity of 94% (95% ci, 90-97). metronidazole was provided to 67 (69%) of 97 women with tv becau ... | 2002 | 12173132 |
| the purine nucleoside phosphorylase from trichomonas vaginalis is a homologue of the bacterial enzyme. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of trichomoniasis. its primary purine salvage system, consisting of a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) and a purine nucleoside kinase, presents potential targets for designing selective inhibitors as antitrichomonial drugs because of lack of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides in this organism. cdna encoding t. vaginalis pnp was isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli strain deficient in pnp and expressed, ... | 2002 | 12173924 |
| mechanisms of in vitro development of resistance to metronidazole in trichomonas vaginalis. | development of resistance against metronidazole and mechanisms responsible for this process were studied in a sexually transmitted pathogen of humans, trichomonas vaginalis. monitoring of changes in metabolism and protein expression that accompanied increasing resistance of strains derived from a common drug-susceptible parent (tv 10-02) showed the multistep character of the process. the aerobic type of resistance known to occur in isolates from patients non-responsive to treatment appeared at t ... | 2002 | 12177340 |
| the diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomonas infections by self obtained low vaginal swabs, in remote northern australian clinical practice. | to examine the diagnostic performance of self obtained low vaginal swabs (solvs) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in the diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection in a variety of clinical practice settings in remote north western australia. | 2002 | 12181467 |
| community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection in tamil nadu, india: a probability proportional to size cluster survey. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and aids is threatening the survival of many nations. to evaluate ongoing interventional strategies and burden of illness estimates, valid data on the prevalence of hiv are required. often, in the absence of community prevalence data, estimates are based on surrogate markers such as prevalence of hiv in antenatal clinics. even though the antenatal prevalence of hiv is easier to measure and can be repeated for evaluation, it is important to establish t ... | 2002 | 12186325 |
| pelvic inflammatory disease in the people's republic of china: aetiology and management. | to study the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) in shenyang, northeastern china, and to assess the efficacy of the syndromic management flowchart for pid recommended by world health organization (who). | 2002 | 12194742 |
| homogeneous, nonradioactive, enzymatic assay for plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate. | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) is the biologically active form of vitamin b(6). clinical studies suggest that low plp concentrations are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and other diseases. however, plp concentrations are not routinely diagnosed because of the lack of a homogeneous, nonradioactive assay. we describe a homogeneous, nonradioactive, enzymatic plp assay that uses the apo form of the plp-dependent recombinant enzyme, homocysteine-alpha,gamma-lyase (rhcyase). | 2002 | 12194934 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection of trichomonas vaginalis infecting patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses that may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sexually transmitted diseases clinic to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of dsrna viral infection of tv infecting men and women. overall, dsrna virus was present in 21 (75%) of 28 tv isolates (95% confidence interval [ci], 55%-89%). dsrna viral infection of tv was n ... | 2002 | 12195385 |
| association between elevated neutrophil defensin levels and endometritis. | the role of host defenses in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) remains largely uncharacterized. the antimicrobial peptides defensins are important components of innate host defense. to explore the relationship between neutrophil defensins and upper genital tract infection, 377 women who were at risk for pid were enrolled in a study. women infected with neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, or chlamydia trachomatis had higher median levels of neutrophil defensins (huma ... | 2002 | 12198613 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis on modified columbia agar in the routine laboratory. | broth culture of trichomonas vaginalis is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. two studies were carried out to evaluate modified columbia agar (mca) for the isolation of t. vaginalis from clinical samples. study i compared isolation on mca to that on liquid medium with 889 vaginal samples. out of 63 samples positive for t. vaginalis (7.1% of total), mca identified 62 (98.4%) and broth identified 58 (92.1%). in study ii, trichomoniasis was diagnosed within the scope ... | 2002 | 12202565 |
| [the technical improvement of staining of trichomonas vaginalis]. | 2000 | 12206005 | |
| the mitotic spindle and associated membranes in the closed mitosis of trichomonads. | in the present work, we followed the several phases of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis cell cycles using immunofluorescence, serial thin sections, three-dimensional (3d) reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy. in motile trichomonad cells or in pseudocyst forms, the nuclear envelope persists throughout mitosis, and the spindle is extranuclear. we found three types of spindle microtubules: pole-to-nucleus microtubules which are attached to the nuclear envelope, pole-t ... | 2002 | 12206655 |
| [parasitic diseases are a risk factor of inflammations of the small pelvis organs. trichomoniasis]. | clinical and laboratory studies were made in 2259 persons by using serological assays, including cultural and bacterioscopic assays in 1824 and 363 persons, respectively, in order to indicate trichomonas infection among men, women, and 2-15-year-old children who had chronic inflammation of the urogenital system, as well as among children aged 2 months to 16 years who had a severe somatic disease. parasitic cenoses of the urogenital tract were studied in women with trichomoniasis and reproductive ... | 2002 | 12224263 |
| tv or not tv? | 2002 | 12238649 | |
| epidemiology and natural history of ligase chain reaction detected chlamydial and gonococcal infections. | ligase chain reaction (lcr) technology has dramatically increased the sensitivity of tests for sexually transmitted infections (stis). it is unknown whether low copy infections (lcr positive, culture negative) have any clinical consequences. we assessed the clinical significance of untreated low copy chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in a cohort of sexually active women. | 2002 | 12238656 |
| fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases in amitochondriate protists constitute a single protein subfamily with eubacterial relationships. | sequences of putative fructose-1,6-bisphospate aldolases (fba) in five amitochondriate unicellular eukaryotes, the diplomonads giardia intestinalis (published earlier) and spironucleus barkhanus, the pelobiont mastigamoeba balamuthi,the entamoebid entamoeba histolytica, and the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis all belong to class ii of fbas and are highly similar to each other (>48% amino acid identity). the five protist sequences, however, do not form a monophyletic group. diplomonad fbas shar ... | 2002 | 12242011 |
| the complex fibronectin--trichomonas vaginalis interactions and trichomonosis. | trichomonosis is the vaginitis caused by trichomonas vaginalis. this sexually transmitted agent achieves successful host parasitism through various means including: (1). acquisition of nutrients through specific receptors; (2). recognition and binding to mucin followed by cytoadherence mediated by adhesins that resemble metabolic enzymes; (3). evasion of immune responses through (i). masking of organisms by host proteins, (ii). shedding of trichomonad proteins into the secretions and (iii). secr ... | 2002 | 12243782 |
| virus in trichomonas--an ultrastructural study. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated, parasitic protozoan that inhabits the urogenital tract of humans. approximately one-half of isolates of t. vaginalis are infected with a double-stranded (ds) rna virus, which was described in the literature as a homogeneous population of icosahedral virus with isometric symmetry and 33 nm in diameter. the present study describes the heterogeneous virus population found in t. vaginalis isolate 347. this population comprises different virus sizes (33-200 nm) ... | 2002 | 12243783 |
| how laminin-1 can be recognized by the protozoan parasite tritrichomonas foetus: possible role played by the extracellular matrix glycoprotein in both cytoadhesion and cytotoxicity exerted by the parasite. | the isoform 1 of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin is known to be an important ligand for some parasitic protozoa including trichomonas vaginalis. the bovine parasite tritrichomonas foetus seems to display a similar recognition process to laminin-1, as some amino acid sequences found in the lns module of laminin-1 can also be recognized by this parasite. which of the laminin-1 residing adhesion sequences are recognized by t. foetus, and the role played by such a protein-cell recognit ... | 2002 | 12243785 |
| intrauterine devices (iuds) and their complications (clinical evaluation of 2013 women with iud in-situ). | iud related events were evaluated at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, hacettepe university in ankara, turkey. the study population included 2213 fertile, healthy women who had an iud in situ. the age range was 17-48 years. all iuds were lippes loop, size c and d, and they were inserted by an experienced physician and nurse on the 5th day of menstruation. the follow-up time was 1 year in 2013 women with iuds. there was no follow-up on 200 women who were excluded from the study. ... | 1982 | 12267258 |
| [a comparative study of the incidence of gardnerella vaginalis in users of iud and oral contraceptives]. | leukorrhea constitutes one of the most frequent complaints by women visiting out-patient gynecological clinics. the most common etiological agents are gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhoea and candida albicans. some authors have been able to verify an increased presence of certain pathogenic germs in the vaginal flora for users of contraceptive methods, e.g., for users of iud, kivijarvi et al. demonstrated a significantly increased presence of gardnerella vaginalis ... | 1987 | 12282423 |
| commentary: family planning and sex education in std. | the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (std) has risen in the past years to epidemic proportions even though medical understanding of stds has considerably improved. the most common forms of contraception (e.g. condoms, diaphragms, vaginal spermicides, intrauterine devices, and oral contraception pills) vary in how effective each is in preventing stds. condoms offer almost complete protection against many stds, including, gonorrhoea, syphilis, herpes virus, trichomonas, candidiases, ch ... | 1989 | 12283075 |
| sexually transmitted diseases (std) in infertile males attending the andrology clinic at ga-rankuwa hospital. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) affect the physiology of male/female reproduction. chronic bacterial infection of semen is uncommon, but may be a cause of male infertility. antibacterial treatment results in improvement in sperm quality, once the infection is eradicated. little is known about how infection with mycoplasma hominis affects semen quality, but treatment with antibiotics improves motility and decreases the percentage of coiled tails. chlamydia trachomatis is not frequently i ... | 1992 | 12286085 |
| the female condom: std protection in the hands of women. | in 1993, the us food and drug administration (fda) approved the female condom reality. it provides better protection against sexually transmitted diseases (stds) than does the male condom. the polyurethane sheath is more resistant to tears and covers the vagina, cervix, and vulva. since it does not depend on erection of the penis, the female condom protects women from stds/hiv that can be transmitted through the pre-ejaculate. in light of the aids epidemic, fda approved the female condom based o ... | 1993 | 12288250 |
| hiv and stds: how are they linked? [letter]. | i write in response to dr. gina dallabeta's article with this title (hiv and stds: how are they linked?). prospective studies in sub-saharan africa have established the following: 1. seropositive commercial sex workers have a higher prevalence of genital ulcer disease (gud) and positive serology for syphilis. 2. seropositive men with chancroid more frequently have a history of prior gud. 3. seronegative men with a history of recent contact with a commercial sex worker are more likely to seroconv ... | 1995 | 12288717 |
| the polyurethane female condom: increasing the choice for women. | the polyurethane female condom is manufactured exclusively in london by chartex international and marketed under the names reality, femidom, and femy. the device consists of a disposable, odorless polyurethane sheath 17 cm long. there is a loose inner ring at the closed end of minimum diameter 5.0 cm, and a softer, fixed ring at the open, outer end of minimum diameter 6.5 cm. each condom is prelubricated with dimethicone, a non-spermicidal lubricant. the female condom was designed to be used ... | 1996 | 12291292 |
| [vaginitis due to gardnerella vaginalis in a university medical service]. | between august 1983 and june 1984, a total of 363 women were studied who had been referred to the medical service of the school of bacteriology and laboratory clinic of the university of antioquia, medellin, colombia, for obtaining vaginal cytology. they either had or did not have vaginal discharge. the smears were tested for gardnerella vaginalis and trichomonas vaginalis. the majority of the patients were in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of their lives: 51%, 24.5%, and 14%, respectiv ... | 1985 | 12292701 |
| std and contraception. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is caused by several pathogens. it is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone. the best diagnostic tool for pid is laparoscopy. women using contraceptives tend to be more sexually active and to have multiple sex partners than their counterparts and hence are at a greater risk of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). oral contraceptives (ocs) appear to protect against pid but may increase the risk of lower genital tract chlamydial infection. among oc ... | 1993 | 12318983 |