Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a cytometry microparticle platform approach for screening tobacco microrna changes after agrobacterium delivery. | micrornas are a class of non-coding regulatory rnas that can modulate development as well as alter innate antiviral defenses in plants. in this study we explored changes in nicotiana benthamiana tobacco microrna expression as it relates to expression of a recombinant anti-ebola gp1 antibody. the antibody was delivered to tobacco leaves through a bacterial agrobacterium tumefaciens "agroinfiltration" expression strategy. a multiplex microparticle-based cytometry assay tracked the expression chang ... | 2016 | 27343681 |
| identification and characterization of privet leaf blotch-associated virus, a novel idaeovirus. | a novel virus has been identified by next-generation sequencing (ngs) in privet (ligustrum japonicum l.) affected by a graft-transmissible disease characterized by leaf blotch symptoms resembling infectious variegation, a virus-like privet disease with an unclear aetiology. this virus, which has been tentatively named 'privet leaf blotch-associated virus' (prlbav), was absent in non-symptomatic privet plants, as revealed by ngs and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). molecu ... | 2016 | 27349357 |
| bjmyb1, a transcription factor implicated in plant defence through activating bjchi1 chitinase expression by binding to a w-box-like element. | we previously identified the w-box-like-4 (wbl-4) element (gtagtgactcat), one of six wbl elements in the bjc-p promoter of the unusual chitinase gene bjchi1 from brassica juncea, as the core element responsive to fungal infection. here, we report the isolation and characterization of the cognate transcription factor interacting with the wbl-4 element. using wbl-4 as a target, we performed yeast one-hybrid screening of a b. juncea cdna library and isolated an r2r3-myb transcription factor designa ... | 2016 | 27353280 |
| two homologous host proteins interact with potato virus x rnas and cps and affect viral replication and movement. | because viruses encode only a small number of proteins, all steps of virus infection rely on specific interactions between viruses and hosts. we previously screened several nicotiana benthamiana (nb) proteins that interact with the stem-loop 1 (sl1) rna structure located at the 5' end of the potato virus x (pvx) genome. in this study, we characterized two of these proteins (nbcpip2a and nbcpip2b), which are homologous and are induced upon pvx infection. electrophoretic mobility shift assay confi ... | 2016 | 27353522 |
| functional identification of two minor capsid proteins from chinese wheat mosaic virus using its infectious full-length cdna clones. | full-length cdna clones of chinese wheat mosaic virus (cwmv) rna1 and rna2 were produced from single reverse transcription pcr reactions and transcripts were shown to be infectious in both wheat and nicotiana benthamiana. an efficient and reliable agro-infiltration method was then developed for reverse genetic assays in n. benthamiana. inoculation of infectious cdna clones resulted in obvious chlorotic symptoms, and cwmv viral genomic rnas, capsid protein (cp)-related proteins, and typical rod-s ... | 2016 | 27357465 |
| g5, a phage single-stranded dna-binding protein, fused with a nuclear localization signal, attenuates symptoms and reduces begomovirus-betasatellite accumulation in transgenic plants. | cotton leaf curl disease is caused by several monopartite begomoviruses and is the major threat to cotton production in the indian subcontinent. the disease has been shown to be associated with four distinct species, including cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (clcukov), and a specific betasatellite-cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub). transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants were produced which constitutively express the escherichia coli phage m13 encoded, sequence nonspecific single-st ... | 2016 | 27364491 |
| the p22 rna silencing suppressor of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus is dispensable for local viral replication but important for counteracting an antiviral rdr6-mediated response during systemic infection. | among the components of the rna silencing pathway in plants, rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) play fundamental roles in antiviral defence. here, we demonstrate that the nicotiana benthamiana rdr6 is involved in defence against the bipartite crinivirus (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) tomato chlorosis virus (tocv). additionally, by producing a p22-deficient tocv infectious mutant clone (tocvδp22), we studied the role of this viral suppressor of rna silencing in viral infection in bo ... | 2016 | 27367718 |
| transient expression of tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase in nicotiana benthamiana. | to optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prbche), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna-based overexpression vector (trbo) to express enzymatically active flag-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rbche) in nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. two gene expression cassettes were designed to ... | 2016 | 27379103 |
| the aquaporin splice variant nbxip1;1α is permeable to boric acid and is phosphorylated in the n-terminal domain. | aquaporins (aqps) are membrane channel proteins that transport water and uncharged solutes across different membranes in organisms in all kingdoms of life. in plants, the aqps can be divided into seven different subfamilies and five of these are present in higher plants. the most recently characterized of these subfamilies is the xip subfamily, which is found in most dicots but not in monocots. in this article, we present data on two different splice variants (α and β) of nbxip1;1 from nicotiana ... | 2016 | 27379142 |
| avrrxo1 is a bifunctional type iii secreted effector and toxin-antitoxin system component with homologs in diverse environmental contexts. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are ubiquitous bacterial systems that may function in genome maintenance and metabolic stress management, but are also thought to play a role in virulence by helping pathogens survive stress. we previously demonstrated that the xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola protein avrrxo1 is a type iii-secreted virulence factor that has structural similarities to the zeta family of ta toxins, and is toxic to plants and bacteria in the absence of its predicted chaperone arc1. in t ... | 2016 | 27391081 |
| an extracellular zn-only superoxide dismutase from puccinia striiformis confers enhanced resistance to host-derived oxidative stress. | accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) following plant-pathogen interactions can trigger plant defence responses and directly damage pathogens. thus, it is essential for pathogens to scavenge host-derived ros to establish a parasitic relationship. however, the mechanisms protecting pathogens from host-derived oxidative stress remain unclear. in this study, a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene, pssod1, was cloned from a wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) interaction cdna library. ... | 2016 | 27399209 |
| deciphering the biology of deltasatellites from the new world: maintenance by new world begomoviruses and whitefly transmission. | deltasatellites are small noncoding dna satellites associated with begomoviruses. the study presented here has investigated the biology of two deltasatellites found in wild malvaceous plants in the new world (nw). infectious clones of two nw deltasatellites (from malvastrum coromandelianum and sidastrum micranthum) and associated begomoviruses were constructed. infectivity in nicotiana benthamiana and their natural malvaceous hosts was assessed. the nw deltasatellites were not able to spread aut ... | 2016 | 27400152 |
| transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana for rapid functional analysis of genes involved in non-photochemical quenching and carotenoid biosynthesis. | plants must switch rapidly between light harvesting and photoprotection in response to environmental fluctuations in light intensity. this switch can lead to losses in absorbed energy usage, as photoprotective energy dissipation mechanisms can take minutes to hours to fully relax. one possible way to improve photosynthesis is to engineer these energy dissipation mechanisms (measured as non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, npq) to induce and relax more quickly, resulting in ... | 2016 | 27407008 |
| growth and stress response in arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana benthamiana, glycine max, solanum tuberosum and brassica napus cultivated under polychromatic leds. | the use of light emitting diodes (leds) brings several key advantages over existing illumination technologies for indoor plant cultivation. among these are that leds have predicted lifetimes from 50-100.000 hours without significant drops in efficiency and energy consumption is much lower compared to traditional fluorescent tubes. recent advances allow leds to be used with customized wavelengths for plant growth. however, most of these led growth systems use mixtures of chips emitting in several ... | 2015 | 27408615 |
| reduced paucimannosidic n-glycan formation by suppression of a specific β-hexosaminidase from nicotiana benthamiana. | plants are attractive hosts for the production of recombinant glycoproteins for therapeutic use. recent advances in glyco-engineering facilitate the elimination of nonmammalian-type glycosylation and introduction of missing pathways for customized n-glycan formation. however, some therapeutically relevant recombinant glycoproteins exhibit unwanted truncated (paucimannosidic) n-glycans that lack glcnac residues at the nonreducing terminal end. these paucimannosidic n-glycans increase product hete ... | 2017 | 27421111 |
| transient production of artemisinin in nicotiana benthamiana is boosted by a specific lipid transfer protein from a. annua. | our lack of full understanding of transport and sequestration of the heterologous products currently limit metabolic engineering in plants for the production of high value terpenes. for instance, although all genes of the artemisinin/arteannuin b (an/ab) biosynthesis pathway (an-pw) from artemisia annua have been identified, ectopic expression of these genes in nicotiana benthamiana yielded mostly glycosylated pathway intermediates and only very little free (dihydro)artemisinic acid [(dh)aa]. he ... | 2016 | 27421621 |
| a viral satellite dna vector-induced transcriptional gene silencing via dna methylation of gene promoter in nicotiana benthamiana. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has been widely used for plant functional genomics study at the post-transcriptional level using various dna or rna viral vectors. however, while virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (vitgs) via dna methylation of gene promoter was achieved using several plant rna viral vectors, it has not yet been done using a satellite dna viral vector. in this study, a viral satellite dna associated with tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv), which has been ... | 2016 | 27422476 |
| efficient in vitro and in vivo activity of glyco-engineered plant-produced rabies monoclonal antibodies e559 and 62-71-3. | rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. however the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (rabies immune globulin, rig). currently, human rig suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies ... | 2016 | 27427976 |
| erecta and bak1 receptor like kinases interact to regulate immune responses in arabidopsis. | erecta (er) receptor-like kinase (rlk) regulates arabidopsis thaliana organ growth, and inflorescence and stomatal development by interacting with the erecta-family genes (erf) paralogs, er-like 1 (erl1) and erl2, and the receptor-like protein (rlp) too many mouths (tmm). er also controls immune responses and resistance to pathogens such as the bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pto) and the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina bmm (pcbmm). we found that er null-mutant ... | 2016 | 27446127 |
| overexpression of pathogen-induced grapevine tir-nb-lrr gene varga1 enhances disease resistance and drought and salt tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | the nbs-lrr proteins encoded by the majority of r genes represent important intracellular receptors that directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effector proteins, which subsequently activate plant defense responses. in this study, a novel plasmopara viticola-induced tir-nbs-lrr gene, named varga1, was cloned from leaf tissues of a highly downy mildew-resistant vitis amurensis "shuanghong" grapevine. the fluorescence signal of the varga1-gfp fusion protein was clearly partitioned to the cytopl ... | 2017 | 27468994 |
| plant expression systems for early stage discovery and development of lead therapeutic antibodies. | antibodies for human clinical applications are predominantly produced in mammalian expression systems, with chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells being the gold standard. cho cells are ideal for the manufacturing of the igg class of antibodies, but not for the production of complex antibodies like secretory igas (sigas) and igms, which remain unavailable for clinical use. in contrast, plant seeds and leaves hold the promise to produce sigas, igms and similar complex antibody formats to scalable amou ... | 2015 | 27472860 |
| plant-produced crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein for use in indirect elisa. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a disease of serious public concern caused by the cchf virus (cchfv). anti-cchfv igg in humans can be detected using elisa with native antigen prepared from cell cultures which have been infected with virus or from brain tissue of suckling mice which have been inoculated with virus. however, the preparation of these reagents requires high biosafety levels and is expensive. a safer, more cost-effective recombinantly-produced np reagent is desirable. rece ... | 2016 | 27474493 |
| the effects of high temperature on infection by potato virus y, potato virus a, and potato leafroll virus. | we examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of potato virus y-o (pvy-o), potato virus a (pva), and potato leafroll virus (plrv) by myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures. infection by pvy-o/pva and plrv increased with increasing plant temperature in nicotiana benthamiana and physalis floridana, respectively, after being transmitted by aphids that acquired them within a temperature range of 10-20°c. however, infecti ... | 2016 | 27493607 |
| a rice gene homologous to arabidopsis agd2-like defense1 participates in disease resistance response against infection with magnaporthe oryzae. | ald1 (aberrant growth and death2 [agd2]-like defense1) is one of the key defense regulators in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana. in these model plants, ald1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. as well ald1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. these previous studies proposed that ald1 is a potential candidate for ... | 2016 | 27493611 |
| development of virus-induced gene expression and silencing vector derived from grapevine algerian latent virus. | grapevine algerian latent virus (galv) is a member of the genus tombusvirus in the tombusviridae and infects not only woody perennial grapevine plant but also herbaceous nicotiana benthamiana plant. in this study, we developed galv-based gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) vectors in n. benthamiana. the galv coat protein deletion vector, pgmg, was applied to express the reporter gene, green fluorescence protein (gfp), but the expression of gfp was not detected due to the necr ... | 2016 | 27493613 |
| a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulates the flavonol biosynthetic pathway in a traditional chinese medicinal plant, epimedium sagittatum. | flavonols as plant secondary metabolites with vital roles in plant development and defense against uv light, have been demonstrated to be the main bioactive components (bcs) in the genus epimedium plants, several species of which are used as materials for herba epimedii, an important traditional chinese medicine. the flavonol biosynthetic pathway genes had been already isolated from epimedium sagittatum, but a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulating the flavonol synthesis has not been functiona ... | 2016 | 27493658 |
| detecting n-myristoylation and s-acylation of host and pathogen proteins in plants using click chemistry. | the plant plasma membrane is a key battleground in the war between plants and their pathogens. plants detect the presence of pathogens at the plasma membrane using sensor proteins, many of which are targeted to this lipophilic locale by way of fatty acid modifications. pathogens secrete effector proteins into the plant cell to suppress the plant's defense mechanisms. these effectors are able to access and interfere with the surveillance machinery at the plant plasma membrane by hijacking the hos ... | 2016 | 27493678 |
| effectors from wheat rust fungi suppress multiple plant defense responses. | fungi that cause cereal rust diseases (genus puccinia) are important pathogens of wheat globally. upon infection, the fungus secretes a number of effector proteins. although a large repository of putative effectors has been predicted using bioinformatic pipelines, the lack of available high-throughput effector screening systems has limited functional studies on these proteins. in this study, we mined the available transcriptomes of puccinia graminis and p. striiformis to look for potential effec ... | 2017 | 27503371 |
| the grapevine uncharacterized intrinsic protein 1 (vvxip1) is regulated by drought stress and transports glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals but not water. | a mip (major intrinsic protein) subfamily called uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (xip) was recently described in several fungi and eudicot plants. in this work, we cloned a xip from grapevine, vvxip1, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the encoded aquaporin shows a preferential localization at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. stopped-flow spectrometry in vesicles from the aqy-null yeast strain ysh1172 overexpressing vvxip1 showed that v ... | 2016 | 27504956 |
| the class iii peroxidase prx17 is a direct target of the mads-box transcription factor agamous-like15 (agl15) and participates in lignified tissue formation. | several physiological functions have been attributed to class iii peroxidases (prxs) in plants, but the in planta role of most members of this family still remains undetermined. here, we report the first functional characterization of prx17 (at2g22420), one of the 73 members of this family in arabidopsis thaliana. localization of prx17 was examined by transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana. loss- and gain-of-function mutants in a. thaliana were studied. regulation at the gene and protein ... | 2017 | 27513887 |
| scalable production of hpv16 l1 protein and vlps from tobacco leaves. | cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among women particularly in developing countries, with human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 causing 50% of invasive cervical cancers. a plant-based hpv vaccine is an alternative to the currently available virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines, and would be much less expensive. we optimized methods to express hpv16 l1 protein and purify vlps from tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) leaves transfected with the magnicon deconstructed viral vector expression system. l ... | 2016 | 27518899 |
| superoxide serves as a putative signal molecule for plant cell division: overexpression of carlk1 promotes the plant cell cycle via accumulation of o2(-) and decrease in h2 o2. | reactive oxygen species (ros) exert both positive and negative effects on plant growth and development and therefore receive a great deal of attention in current research. a hot pepper, capsicum annuum receptor-like kinase 1 (carlk1) was ectopically expressed in nicotiana tabacum by-2 cell and nicotiana benthamiana plants. this ectopic expression of carlk1 enhanced cell division and proliferation in both heterologous systems. apparently, carlk1 is involved in controlling the cell cycle, possibly ... | 2017 | 27528370 |
| eril1, the plant homologue of eri-1, is involved in the processing of chloroplastic rrnas. | proteins belonging to the enhancer of rna interference-1 subfamily of 3'-5' exoribonucleases participate in divergent rna pathways. they degrade small interfering rnas (sirnas), thus suppressing rna interference, and are involved in the maturation of ribosomal rnas and the degradation of histone messenger rnas (mrnas). here, we report evidence for the role of the plant homologue of these proteins, which we termed enhanced rna interference-1-like-1 (eril1), in chloroplast function. in vitro assay ... | 2016 | 27531275 |
| the potato aphid salivary effector me47 is a glutathione-s-transferase involved in modifying plant responses to aphid infestation. | polyphagous aphid pests cause considerable economic damage to crop plants, primarily through the depletion of photoassimilates and transfer of viruses. the potato aphid (macrosiphum euphorbiae) is a notable pest of solanaceous crops, however, the molecular mechanisms that underpin the ability to colonize these hosts are unknown. it has recently been demonstrated that like other aphid species, m. euphorbiae injects a battery of salivary proteins into host plants during feeding. it is speculated t ... | 2016 | 27536306 |
| transcriptomic changes in nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with the wild-type or an attenuated mutant of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. | tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (tvbmv) is a potyvirus which mainly infects solanaceous crops. the helper component proteinase (hcpro) of a potyvirus is an rna silencing suppressor protein and determines the severity of disease symptoms caused by different potyviruses, including tvbmv. it has been shown that substitution mutations introduced into the hcpro open reading frame (orf) in a tvbmv infectious clone result in changes of asp189 to lys or ile250 -gln251 to asp-glu (asp, aspartic acid; g ... | 2016 | 27539720 |
| comparative analyses of ubiquitin-like atg8 and cysteine protease atg4 autophagy genes in the plant lineage and cross-kingdom processing of atg8 by atg4. | autophagy is important for degradation and recycling of intracellular components. in a diversity of genera and species, orthologs and paralogs of the yeast atg4 and atg8 proteins are crucial in the biogenesis of double-membrane autophagosomes that carry the cellular cargoes to vacuoles and lysosomes. although many plant genome sequences are available, the atg4 and atg8 sequence analysis is limited to some model plants. we identified 28 atg4 and 116 atg8 genes from the available 18 different plan ... | 2016 | 27540766 |
| monoclonal antibody purification (nicotiana benthamiana plants). | plant-based expression systems provide an alternative biomanufacturing platform for recombinant proteins (matoba et al., 2011). in particular, plant virus-based vectors can overexpress proteins within days in the leaf tissue of nicotiana benthamiana (n. benthamiana). to overcome the issues of genetic instability and limited infectivity of recombinant viruses, agrobacterium-mediated delivery of "deconstructed" virus vectors has become the mainstay for the production of large and/or multicomponent ... | 2014 | 27547788 |
| analysis of magnaporthe oryzae genome reveals a fungal effector, which is able to induce resistance response in transgenic rice line containing resistance gene, pi54. | rice blast caused by magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice. pi54, a rice gene that imparts resistance to m. oryzae isolates prevalent in india, was already cloned but its avirulent counterpart in the pathogen was not known. after decoding the whole genome of an avirulent isolate of m. oryzae, we predicted 11440 protein coding genes and then identified four candidate effector proteins which are exclusively expressed in the infectious structure, appresoria. in silico pro ... | 2016 | 27551285 |
| the ectopic expression of carop1 modulates the response of tobacco plants to ralstonia solanacearum and aphids. | in plants, rho-related gtpases (rops) are versatile molecular switches that regulate various biological processes, although their exact roles are not fully understood. herein, we provide evidence that the ectopic expression of a rop derived from capsicum annuum, designated carop1, in tobacco plants modulates the response of these plants to ralstonia solanacearum or aphid attack. the deduced amino acid sequence of carop1 harbors a conserved rho domain and is highly homologous to rops of other pla ... | 2016 | 27551287 |
| soybean golgi snare 12 protein interacts with soybean mosaic virus encoded p3n-pipo protein. | soybean mosaic virus (smv), a member of the potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. it is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. p3n-pipo, as a trans-frame protein consisting of the amino-terminal half of p3 fused to pipo of the potyvirus, plays a key role of viral cell-to-cell movement. this study provides evidence th ... | 2016 | 27553272 |
| root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens. | plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. the root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (sar) against soil-borne and air-borne plant pathogens from sar-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated. | 2016 | 27555496 |
| cytosolic activation of cell death and stem rust resistance by cereal mla-family cc-nlr proteins. | plants possess intracellular immune receptors designated "nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat" (nlr) proteins that translate pathogen-specific recognition into disease-resistance signaling. the wheat immune receptors sr33 and sr50 belong to the class of coiled-coil (cc) nlrs. they confer resistance against a broad spectrum of field isolates of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including the ug99 lineage, and are homologs of the barley powdery mildew-resistance protein mla10. here, ... | 2016 | 27555587 |
| techno-economic analysis of a transient plant-based platform for monoclonal antibody production. | plant-based biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins is a relatively new platform with a small number of commercial-scale facilities, but offers advantages of linear scalability, reduced upstream complexity, reduced time to market, and potentially lower capital and operating costs. in this study we present a detailed process simulation model for a large-scale new "greenfield" biomanufacturing facility that uses transient agroinfiltration of nicotiana benthamiana plants grown hydroponically indoo ... | 2016 | 27559626 |
| an efficient viral vector for functional genomic studies of prunus fruit trees and its induced resistance to plum pox virus via silencing of a host factor gene. | rna silencing is a powerful technology for molecular characterization of gene functions in plants. a commonly used approach to the induction of rna silencing is through genetic transformation. a potent alternative is to use a modified viral vector for virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) to degrade rna molecules sharing similar nucleotide sequence. unfortunately, genomic studies in many allogamous woody perennials such as peach are severely hindered because they have a long juvenile period and ar ... | 2017 | 27565765 |
| dna labelling of varieties covered by patent protection: a new solution for managing intellectual property rights in the seed industry. | plant breeders' rights are undergoing dramatic changes due to changes in patent rights in terms of plant variety rights protection. although differences in the interpretation of »breeder's exemption«, termed research exemption in the 1991 upov, did exist in the past in some countries, allowing breeders to use protected varieties as parents in the creation of new varieties of plants, current developments brought about by patenting conventionally bred varieties with the european patent office (suc ... | 2017 | 27567633 |
| essential role of conserved duf177a protein in plastid 23s rrna accumulation and plant embryogenesis. | duf177 proteins are nearly universally conserved in bacteria and plants except the chlorophyceae algae. thus far, duf177 mutants in bacteria have not established a function. in contrast, duf177a mutants have embryo lethal phenotypes in maize and arabidopsis. in maize inbred w22, duf177a mutant embryos arrest at an early transition stage, whereas the block is suppressed in the b73 inbred background, conditioning an albino seedling phenotype. background-dependent embryo lethal phenotypes are chara ... | 2016 | 27574185 |
| dissecting the secondary structure of the circular rna of a nuclear viroid in vivo: a "naked" rod-like conformation similar but not identical to that observed in vitro. | with a minimal (250-400 nt), non-protein-coding, circular rna genome, viroids rely on sequence/structural motifs for replication and colonization of their host plants. these motifs are embedded in a compact secondary structure whose elucidation is crucial to understand how they function. viroid rna structure has been tackled in silico with algorithms searching for the conformation of minimal free energy, and in vitro by probing in solution with rnases, dimethyl sulphate and bisulphite, and with ... | 2016 | 27574720 |
| the ire1/bzip60 pathway and bax inhibitor 1 suppress systemic accumulation of potyviruses and potexviruses in arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana plants. | the inositol requiring enzyme (ire1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress sensor. when activated, it splices the bzip60 mrna, producing a truncated transcription factor that upregulates genes involved in the unfolded protein response. bax inhibitor 1 (bi-1) is another er stress sensor that regulates cell death in response to environmental assaults. the potyvirus 6k2 and potexvirus tgb3 proteins are known to reside in the er, serving, respectively, as anchors for the viral replicase and moveme ... | 2016 | 27578623 |
| generation of chromosomal deletions in dicotyledonous plants employing a user-friendly genome editing toolkit. | genome editing facilitated by cas9-based rna-guided nucleases (rgns) is becoming an increasingly important and popular technique for reverse genetics in both model and non-model species. so far, rgns were mainly applied for the induction of point mutations, and one major challenge consists in the detection of genome-edited individuals from a mutagenized population. also, point mutations are not appropriate for functional dissection of non-coding dna. here, the multiplexing capacity of a newly de ... | 2017 | 27579989 |
| translation, modification and cellular distribution of two ac4 variants of african cassava mosaic virus in yeast and their pathogenic potential in plants. | plant infecting geminiviruses encode a small (a)c4 protein within the open reading frame of the replication-initiator protein. in african cassava mosaic virus, two in-frame start codons may be used for the translation of a longer and a shorter ac4 variant. both were fused to green fluorescent protein or glutathione-s-transferase genes and expressed in fission yeast. the longer variant accumulated in discrete spots in the cytoplasm, whereas the shorter variant localized to the plasma membrane. a ... | 2016 | 27584591 |
| inhibitory components from glycosmis stenocarpa on pepper mild mottle virus. | the goal of this study was to identify a source of natural plant compounds with inhibitory activity against pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov). we showed, using a half-leaf assay, that murrayafoline-a (1) and isomahanine (2) isolated from the aerial parts of glycosmis stenocarpa have inhibitory activity against pmmov through curative, inactivation, and protection effects. using a leaf-disk assay, we confirmed that 2 inhibited virus replication in nicotiana benthamiana. using electron microscopy, w ... | 2016 | 27586528 |
| gmcyp82a3, a soybean cytochrome p450 family gene involved in the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathway, enhances plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. | the cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) represent a large and important enzyme superfamily in plants. they catalyze numerous monooxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in biochemical pathways, p450s are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways and participate in the homeostasis of phytohormones. the cyp82 family genes specifically reside in dicots and are usually induced by distinct environmental stresses. however, their functions are largely unknown, especially in soybean (glycine max l.). h ... | 2016 | 27588421 |
| cloning and functional analysis of the promoter of an ascorbate oxidase gene from gossypium hirsutum. | apoplastic ascorbate oxidase (ao) plays significant roles in plant cell growth. however, the mechanism of underlying the transcriptional regulation of ao in gossypium hirsutum remains unclear. here, we obtained a 1,920-bp promoter sequence from the gossypium hirsutum ascorbate oxidase (ghao1) gene, and this ghao1 promoter included a number of known cis-elements. promoter activity analysis in overexpressing pghao1::gfp-gus tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) showed that the ghao1 promoter exhibited h ... | 2016 | 27597995 |
| de novo analysis of the transcriptome of meloidogyne enterolobii to uncover potential target genes for biological control. | meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the obligate biotrophic root-knot nematodes that has the ability to reproduce on many economically-important crops. we carried out de novo sequencing of the transcriptome of m. enterolobii using roche gs flx and obtained 408,663 good quality reads that were assembled into 8193 contigs and 31,860 singletons. we compared the transcripts in different nematodes that were potential targets for biological control. these included the transcripts that putatively coded f ... | 2016 | 27598122 |
| host-specific accumulation and temperature effects on the generation of dimeric viral rna species derived from the s-rna of members of the tospovirus genus. | polygonum ringspot virus (polrsv) is a recently characterized tospovirus reported in italy. northern blot analyses of polrsv infections in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants showed that a viral rna species with nearly twice the length of the small genomic rna (s-rna) accumulated abundantly in the former host, but was not detected in the latter. additional assays confirmed that biogenesis of this novel rna species was common to all polrsv isolates tested and also to an isolate of tomato spot ... | 2016 | 27600541 |
| cmv2b-ago interaction is required for the suppression of rdr-dependent antiviral silencing in arabidopsis. | using a transient plant system, it was previously found that the suppression of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) 2b protein relies on its double-strand (ds) rna binding capacity, but it is independent of its interaction with argonaute (ago) proteins. thus, the biological meaning of the 2b-ago interaction in the context of virus infection remains elusive. in this study, we created infectious clones of cmv mutants that expressed the 2b functional domains of dsrna or ago binding and tested the effect of ... | 2016 | 27605926 |
| environmental and genetic factors associated with solanesol accumulation in potato leaves. | solanesol is a high value 45-carbon, unsaturated, all-trans-nonaprenol isoprenoid. recently solanesol has received particular attention because of its utility, both in its own right and as a precursor in the production of numerous compounds used in the treatment of disease states. solanesol is found mainly in solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco and pepper where it accumulates in the foliage. there is considerable potential to explore the extraction of solanesol from these sources a ... | 2016 | 27610114 |
| aldo-keto reductase enzymes detoxify glyphosate and improve herbicide resistance in plants. | in recent years, concerns about the use of glyphosate-resistant (gr) crops have increased because of glyphosate residual levels in plants and development of herbicide-resistant weeds. in spite of identifying glyphosate detoxifying genes from microorganisms, the plant mechanism to detoxify glyphosate has not been studied. we characterized an aldo-keto reductase gene from pseudomonas (psakr1) and rice (osakr1) and showed, by docking studies, both psakr1 and osakr1 can efficiently bind to glyphosat ... | 2016 | 27611904 |
| soil bacteria as sources of virulence signal providers promoting plant infection by phytophthora pathogens. | phytophthora species are known as "plant destroyers" capable of initiating single zoospore infection in the presence of a quorum of chemical signals from the same or closely related species of oomycetes. since the natural oomycete population is too low to reach a quorum necessary to initiate a disease epidemic, creation of the quorum is reliant on alternate sources. here, we show that a soil bacterial isolate, bacillus megaterium sb5, promotes plant infection by phytophthora species. in the pres ... | 2016 | 27616267 |
| next-generation sequencing and genome editing in plant virology. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) has been applied to plant virology since 2009. ngs provides highly efficient, rapid, low cost dna, or rna high-throughput sequencing of the genomes of plant viruses and viroids and of the specific small rnas generated during the infection process. these small rnas, which cover frequently the whole genome of the infectious agent, are 21-24 nt long and are known as vsrnas for viruses and vd-srnas for viroids. ngs has been used in a number of studies in plant virolo ... | 2016 | 27617007 |
| the involvement of ros producing aldehyde oxidase in plant response to tombusvirus infection. | the influence of tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) infection on the activity and isoformic composition of aldehyde oxidase and catalase in nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated. it was shown that the infection of plants with tbsv results in enhancement of leaf aldehyde oxidase (ao) isoforms ao2 and ao3. significantly enhanced levels of superoxide radical producing activity of ao isoforms were also detected. this is the first demonstration of involvement of plant ao in defense mechanisms ag ... | 2016 | 27632242 |
| isolation and characterization of scglud2, a new sugarcane beta-1,3-glucanase d family gene induced by sporisorium scitamineum, aba, h2o2, nacl, and cdcl2 stresses. | beta-1,3-glucanases (ec 3.2.1.39), commonly known as pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, play an important role not only in plant defense against fungal pathogens but also in plant physiological and developmental processes. however, only a limited number of sugarcane beta-1,3-glucanase genes have been isolated. in the present study, we identified and characterized a new beta-1,3-glucanase gene scglud2 (genbank acc no. kf664181) from sugarcane. an x8 domain was present at the c terminal region of ... | 2016 | 27642288 |
| the tomato spotted wilt virus genome is processed differentially in its plant host arachis hypogaea and its thrips vector frankliniella fusca. | thrips-transmitted tospoviruses are economically important viruses affecting a wide range of field and horticultural crops worldwide. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of the tospovirus genus with a broad host range of more than 900 plant species. interactions between these viruses and their plant hosts and insect vectors via rnai pathways are likely a key determinant of pathogenicity. the current investigation, for the first time, compares biogenesis of small rnas between the ... | 2016 | 27656190 |
| recombination-based generation of the agroinfectious clones of peanut stunt virus. | full-length cdna clones of peanut stunt virus strain p (psv-p) were constructed and introduced into nicotiana benthamiana plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the cdna fragments corresponding to three psv genomic rnas and satellite rna were cloned into pgreen binary vector between cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator employing seamless recombinational cloning system. the plasmids were delivered into a. tumefaciens, followed by infiltration of hosts ... | 2016 | 27659243 |
| movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus associates with apoplastic ascorbate oxidase. | plant viral movement proteins facilitate virion movement mainly through interaction with a number of factors from the host. we report the association of a cell wall localized ascorbate oxidase (csao4) from cucumis sativus with the movement protein (mp) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv). this was identified first in a yeast two-hybrid screen and validated by in vivo pull down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assays. the bifc assay showed localization of the bimolecular complexes o ... | 2017 | 27668429 |
| an easy method for plant polysome profiling. | translation of mrna to protein is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process. polysome profiling is considered as a gold standard for the analysis of translational regulation. the method described here is an easy and economical way for fractionating polysomes from various plant tissues. a sucrose gradient is made without the need for a gradient maker by sequentially freezing each layer. cytosolic extracts are then prepared in a buffer containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol to im ... | 2016 | 27684295 |
| emergence of a latent indian cassava mosaic virus from cassava which recovered from infection by a non-persistent sri lankan cassava mosaic virus. | the major threat for cassava cultivation on the indian subcontinent is cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses which are bipartite begomoviruses with dna a and dna b components. indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) cause cmd in india. two isolates of slcmv infected the cassava cultivar sengutchi in the fields near malappuram and thiruvananthapuram cities of kerala state, india. the malappuram isolate was persistent when mainta ... | 2016 | 27690084 |
| apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant nicotiana benthamiana. | the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host-specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease. all other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (nhr) to z. tritici has not been addressed previously. we sought to develop nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study nhr against z. tritici. fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the in ... | 2016 | 27696417 |
| dimerization of the vacuolar receptors atrmr1 and -2 from arabidopsis thaliana contributes to their localization in the trans-golgi network. | in arabidopsis thaliana, different types of vacuolar receptors were discovered. the atvsr (vacuolar sorting receptor) receptors are well known to be involved in the traffic to lytic vacuole (lv), while few evidences demonstrate the involvement of the receptors from atrmr family (receptor membrane ring-h2) in the traffic to the protein storage vacuole (psv). in this study we focused on the localization of two members of atrmr family, atrmr1 and -2, and on the possible interaction between these tw ... | 2016 | 27706038 |
| novel hydrophobin fusion tags for plant-produced fusion proteins. | hydrophobin fusion technology has been applied in the expression of several recombinant proteins in plants. until now, the technology has relied exclusively on the trichoderma reesei hydrophobin hfbi. we screened eight novel hydrophobin tags, t. reesei hfbii, hfbiii, hfbiv, hfbv, hfbvi and fusarium verticillioides derived hyd3, hyd4 and hyd5, for production of fusion proteins in plants and purification by two-phase separation. to study the properties of the hydrophobins, we used n-terminal and c ... | 2016 | 27706254 |
| plant-specific 4/1 polypeptide interacts with an endoplasmic reticulum protein related to human bap31. | the plant-specific 4/1 protein interacts, both in yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro, and co-localizes in plant cells with plant bap-like protein, the orthologue of human protein bap31. in yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a number of nicotiana benthamiana protein interactors of nt-4/1, the protein known to affect systemic transport of potato spindle tuber viroid. for one of these interactors, an orthologue of human b-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (bap31) termed plant bap-like prote ... | 2017 | 27714454 |
| differential methylation of the circular dna in geminiviral minichromosomes. | geminiviral minichromosomes were purified to explore epigenetic modifications. the levels of methylation in their covalently closed circular dna were examined with the help of methylation-dependent restriction (mdr). dna with 12 superhelical turns was preferentially modified, indicating minichromosomes with 12 nucleosomes leaving an open gap. mdr digestion yielded a specific product of genomic length, which was cloned and sanger-sequenced, or amplified following ligation-mediated rolling circle ... | 2016 | 27716464 |
| mdmyb93 is a regulator of suberin deposition in russeted apple fruit skins. | a comparison of the transcriptomes of russeted vs nonrusseted apple skins previously highlighted a tight relationship between a gene encoding an myb-type transcription factor, mdmyb93, and some key suberin biosynthetic genes. the present work assesses the role of this transcription factor in the suberization process. a phylogenetic analysis of mdmyb93 and arabidopsis thaliana mybs was performed and the function of mdmyb93 was further investigated using agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpres ... | 2016 | 27716944 |
| genome-wide identification of bahd acyltransferases and in vivo characterization of hqt-like enzymes involved in caffeoylquinic acid synthesis in globe artichoke. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus) is a rich source of compounds promoting human health (phytonutrients), among them caffeoylquinic acids (cqas), mainly represented by chlorogenic acid (cga), and dicaffeoylquinic acids (dicqas). the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis belong to the large family of bahd acyltransferases. following a survey of the globe artichoke genome, we identified 69 bahd proteins carrying the catalytic site (hxxxd). their phylogenetic analysis together w ... | 2016 | 27721818 |
| combined activity of dcl2 and dcl3 is crucial in the defense against potato spindle tuber viroid. | viroids are self replicating non-coding rnas capable of infecting a wide range of plant hosts. they do not encode any proteins, thus the mechanism by which they escape plant defenses remains unclear. rnai silencing is a major defense mechanism against virus infections, with the four dcl proteins being principal components of the pathway. we have used nicotiana benthamiana as a model to study potato spindle tuber viroid infection. this viroid is a member of the pospiviroidae family and replicates ... | 2016 | 27732664 |
| characterization of a new begomovirus and betasatellite associated with chilli leaf curl disease in india. | chilli leaf curl disease (chilcd) is a serious problem and a major limitation to chilli (capsicum spp.) cultivation in india. leaves of a chilli plant showing leaf curl symptoms were collected from the gonda district in uttar pradesh, india, in april, 2013. full-length genomes of a begomovirus and an associated betasatellite were amplified, cloned and sequenced. the size of the begomovirus genome and the betasatellite were 2760 bp and 1374 bp, respectively. the nucleotide sequence of the begomov ... | 2017 | 27738844 |
| comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death. | melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including plant development and stress responses. many advances have been made in the terms of melatonin-mediated abiotic stress resistance and innate immunity in plants, focusing on model plants such as rice and arabidopsis. in this study, 7 melatonin synthesis genes were systematically analyzed in cassava. quantitat ... | 2016 | 27739451 |
| in-plant protection against helicoverpa armigera by production of long hprna in chloroplasts. | expressing double-stranded rna (dsrna) in transgenic plants to silence essential genes within herbivorous pests is referred to as trans-kingdom rna interference (tk-rnai) and has emerged as a promising strategy for crop protection. however, the dicing of dsrna into sirnas by the plant's intrinsic rnai machinery may reduce this pesticidal activity. therefore, genetic constructs, encoding ∼200 nt duplex-stemmed-hairpin (hp) rnas, targeting the acetylcholinesterase gene of the cotton bollworm, heli ... | 2016 | 27746796 |
| model system-guided protein interaction mapping for virus isolated from phloem tissue. | phloem localization of plant viruses is advantageous for acquisition by sap-sucking vectors but hampers host-virus protein interaction studies. in this study, potato leafroll virus (plrv)-host protein complexes were isolated from systemically infected potato, a natural host of the virus. comparing two different co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) support matrices coupled to mass spectrometry (ms), we identified 44 potato proteins and one viral protein (p1) specifically associated with virus isolated ... | 2016 | 27762138 |
| replication of a pathogenic non-coding rna increases dna methylation in plants associated with a bromodomain-containing viroid-binding protein. | viroids are plant-pathogenic molecules made up of single-stranded circular non-coding rnas. how replicating viroids interfere with host silencing remains largely unknown. in this study, we investigated the effects of a nuclear-replicating potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) on interference with plant rna silencing. using transient induction of silencing in gfp transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants (line 16c), we found that pstvd replication accelerated gfp silencing and increased virp1 mrna, w ... | 2016 | 27767195 |
| the ralstonia solanacearum type iii effector ripay targets plant redox regulators to suppress immune responses. | the subversion of plant cellular functions is essential for bacterial pathogens to proliferate in host plants and cause disease. most bacterial plant pathogens employ a type iii secretion system to inject type iii effector (t3e) proteins inside plant cells, where they contribute to the pathogen-induced alteration of plant physiology. in this work, we found that the ralstonia solanacearum t3e ripay suppresses plant immune responses triggered by bacterial elicitors and by the phytohormone salicyli ... | 2016 | 27768829 |
| northern blotting techniques for small rnas. | cells have evolved intricate rna-directed mechanisms that destroy viruses, silence transposons, and regulate gene expression. these nucleic acid surveillance and gene silencing mechanisms rely upon the selective base-pairing of ~19-25 nt small rnas to complementary rna targets. this chapter describes northern blot hybridization techniques for the detection of such small rnas. blots spiked with synthetic standards are used to illustrate the detection specificity and sensitivity of dna oligonucleo ... | 2017 | 27770364 |
| co-infection with two strains of brome mosaic bromovirus reveals common rna recombination sites in different hosts. | we have previously reported intra-segmental crossovers in brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas. in this work, we studied the homologous recombination of bmv rna in three different hosts: barley (hordeum vulgare), chenopodium quinoa, and nicotiana benthamiana that were co-infected with two strains of bmv: russian (r) and fescue (f). our work aimed at (1) establishing the frequency of recombination, (2) mapping the recombination hot spots, and (3) addressing host effects. the f and r nucleotide sequences ... | 2015 | 27774290 |
| infiltration-rnaseq: transcriptome profiling of agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of transcription factors to discover gene function and expression networks in plants. | transcription factors (tfs) coordinate precise gene expression patterns that give rise to distinct phenotypic outputs. the identification of genes and transcriptional networks regulated by a tf often requires stable transformation and expression changes in plant cells. however, the production of stable transformants can be slow and laborious with no guarantee of success. furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing a tf of interest can present pleiotropic phenotypes and/or result in a high numb ... | 2016 | 27777610 |
| inhibitor discovery by convolution abpp. | activity-based protein profiling (abpp) has emerged as a powerful proteomic approach to study the active proteins in their native environment by using chemical probes that label active site residues in proteins. traditionally, abpp is classified as either comparative or competitive abpp. in this protocol, we describe a simple method called convolution abpp, which takes benefit from both the competitive and comparative abpp. convolution abpp allows one to detect if a reduced signal observed durin ... | 2017 | 27778280 |
| an e3 ligase affects the nlr receptor stability and immunity to powdery mildew. | following the detection of pathogen cognate effectors, plant nod-like receptors (nlrs) trigger isolate-specific immunity that is generally associated with cell death. the regulation of nlr stability is important to ensure effective immunity. in barley (hordeum vulgare), the allelic mildew locus a (mla) receptors mediate isolate-specific disease resistance against powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). currently, how mla stability is controlled remains unknown. here, we identifi ... | 2016 | 27780896 |
| a viral noncoding rna complements a weakened viral rna silencing suppressor and promotes efficient systemic host infection. | systemic movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) in beta macrocarpa depends on viral rna3, whereas in nicotiana benthamiana this rna is dispensable. rna3 contains a coremin motif of 20 nucleotides essential for the stabilization of noncoding rna3 (ncrna3) and for long-distance movement in beta species. coremin mutants that are unable to accumulate ncrna3 also do not achieve systemic movement in beta species. a mutant virus carrying a mutation in the p14 viral suppressor of rna silenc ... | 2016 | 27782046 |
| golgi transport 1b regulates protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm cells. | coat protein complex ii (copii) mediates the first step of anterograde transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to other endomembrane compartments in eukaryotes. a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins (sar1, sec23, sec24, sec13, and sec31) constitutes the basic copii coat machinery; however, the details of how the copii coat assembly is regulated remain unclear. here, we report a protein transport mutant of rice (oryza sativa), named glutelin precursor ac ... | 2016 | 27803308 |
| characterization of a soybean mosaic virus variant causing different diseases in glycine max and nicotiana benthamiana. | we discovered a soybean mosaic virus (smv) variant (4278-1) that caused systemic infections in nicotiana benthamiana plants, resulting in stem stunting and leaf shriveling. the virus had a particle morphology and incubation period similar to those of other smv isolates but differed from them in the leaf symptoms it caused when infecting soybean and n. benthamiana. the genome of this variant consisted of a 9994-nt single-stranded rna, which was different from most of the other known smv isolates ... | 2017 | 27804020 |
| evidence that hsc70 is associated with cucumber necrosis virus particles and plays a role in particle disassembly. | uncoating of a virus particle to expose its nucleic acid is a critical aspect of the viral multiplication cycle, as it is essential for the establishment of infection. in the present study, we investigated the role of plant hsp70 homologs in the uncoating process of cucumber necrosis virus (cnv), a nonenveloped positive-sense single-stranded rna [(+)ssrna] virus having a t=3 icosahedral capsid. we have found through western blot analysis and mass spectrometry that the hsp70 homolog hsc70-2 copur ... | 2017 | 27807229 |
| molecular characterization of a novel effector expansin-like protein from heterodera avenae that induces cell death in nicotiana benthamiana. | cereal cyst nematodes are sedentary biotrophic endoparasites that maintain a complex interaction with their host plants. nematode effector proteins are synthesized in the oesophageal glands and are secreted into plant tissues through the stylet. to understand the function of nematode effectors in parasitic plants, we cloned predicted effectors genes from heterodera avenae and transiently expressed them in nicotiana benthamiana. infiltration assays showed that haexpb2, a predicted expansin-like p ... | 2016 | 27808156 |
| overexpression of nictaba-like lectin genes from glycine max confers tolerance toward pseudomonas syringae infection, aphid infestation and salt stress in transgenic arabidopsis plants. | plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system that allows them to recognize invading pathogens by specialized receptors. carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins are part of this immune system and especially the lectins that reside in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment are known to be implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. the class of nictaba-like lectins (nll) groups all proteins with homology to the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) lectin, known as a stress-inducible lectin. here we ... | 2016 | 27826309 |
| sacb-sacr gene cassette as the negative selection marker to suppress agrobacterium overgrowth in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. | agrobacterium overgrowth is a common problem in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. to suppress the agrobacterium overgrowth, various antibiotics have been used during plant tissue culture steps. the antibiotics are expensive and may adversely affect plant cell differentiation and reduce plant transformation efficiency. the sacb-sacr proteins are toxic to most agrobacterium tumefaciens strains when they are grown on culture medium supplemented with sucrose. therefore, sacb-sacr genes ca ... | 2016 | 27833912 |
| functional analysis of a weak viral rna silencing suppressor using two gfp variants as silencing inducers. | rna silencing in plants can be triggered by the introduction of an exogenous gene. green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been widely used as a visual reporter to study rna silencing and viral-mediated suppression of rna silencing in the model plant nicotiana benthamiana. in transgenic n. benthamiana plants expressing an endoplasmic reticulum targeted gfp variant (16c) known as mgfp5, rna silencing can be induced by ectopic over-expression of mgfp5. however, other gfp variants can also be used to i ... | 2017 | 27836657 |
| kns4/upex1: a type ii arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase required for pollen exine development. | pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. we previously characterized arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the cazy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to uneven pattern of exine1, ... | 2017 | 27837085 |
| a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death. | membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ... | 2016 | 27852951 |
| improved pathogenicity of a beet black scorch virus variant by low temperature and co-infection with its satellite rna. | co-infection of none-coding satellite rnas (sat-rnas) usually inhibits replication and attenuates disease symptoms of helper viruses. however, we find that the sat-rna of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) and low temperature (18°c) additively enhance the systemic infection of bbsv in nicotiana benthamiana. northern blotting hybridization revealed a relatively reduced accumulation of bbsv-derived small interfering rnas (sirnas) in presence of sat-rna as compared to that of bbsv alone. cloning and se ... | 2016 | 27867378 |
| transcriptome-based discovery of fusarium graminearum stress responses to fghv1 infection. | fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (fghv1), which is phylogenetically related to cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (chv1), is a virus in the family hypoviridae that infects the plant pathogenic fungus f. graminearum. although hypovirus fghv1 infection does not attenuate the virulence of the host (hypovirulence), it results in defects in mycelial growth and spore production. we now report that the vertical transmission rate of fghv1 through asexual spores reached 100%. using rna deep sequencing, we perform ... | 2016 | 27869679 |
| comparative analysis of rnai-based methods to down-regulate expression of two genes expressed at different levels in myzus persicae. | with the increasing availability of aphid genomic data, it is necessary to develop robust functional validation methods to evaluate the role of specific aphid genes. this work represents the first study in which five different techniques, all based on rna interference and on oral acquisition of double-stranded rna (dsrna), were developed to silence two genes, aly and eph, potentially involved in polerovirus transmission by aphids. efficient silencing of only eph transcripts, which are less abund ... | 2016 | 27869783 |
| pstha5a23, a candidate effector from the obligate biotrophic pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is involved in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity. | during the infection of host plants, pathogens can deliver virulence-associated 'effector' proteins to promote plant susceptibility. however, little is known about effector function in the obligate biotrophic pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) that is an important fungal pathogen in wheat production worldwide. here, they report their findings on an in planta highly induced candidate effector from pst, pstha5a23. the pstha5a23 gene is unique to pst and shows a low level of intra-s ... | 2016 | 27871149 |